Дисертації з теми "Cucumber plant"
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Tungadi, Trisna Dewi. "Cucumber mosaic virus modifies plant-aphid interactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708288.
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Westwood, Jack Henry. "Cucumber mosaic virus infection and plant-aphid interactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608811.
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Balcı, Evrim Doğanlar Sami. "Genetic characterization of cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)resistance in tomato and pepper." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/biyoloji/T000388.pdf.
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Sejbl, Iva Charlotte. "Blue light-signal transduction in etiolated cucumber hypocotyls." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316140.
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Soards, Avril Jacqueline. "The Cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein : influences on the plant-virus interaction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619971.
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Afsharifar, Alireza. "Characterisation of minor RNAs associated with plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2584.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 127-138. This thesis studies the minor double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) and single stranded RNAs (ssRNA) which are consistently associated with plants infected with Q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Q-CMV). The investigations are focused on the structural elucidation of new RNAs which have been observed in single stranded and double stranded RNA profiles of Q strain of CMV.
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Graham, Ian Alexander. "Structure and function of the cucumber malate synthase gene and expression during plant development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12057.
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Chen, Chunquan. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50129.pdf.
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Chen, Chunquan 1958. "Induced systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cucumber root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum can be suppressed by introduced plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Preliminary experiments clarified that this root disease could be suppressed by strains of Pseudomonas aureofaciens, P. corrugata, and P. fluorescens. To determine whether the mechanism was a systemic resistance induced by PGPR, a split root technique was employed on greenhouse cucumbers grown in soilless substrates. On the split roots, bacteria which were introduced into one side of the root were completely separated from pathogen challenged-inoculated roots-on the other side of the roots. Results from the series of experiments conducted with this design demonstrated that (i) the resistance against root rot induced by PGPR was systemic, (ii) germination of P. aphanidermatum zoospores was reduced in extracts from bacterized roots compared to non-treated control, and (iii) spread of Pythium mycelia was delayed and zoospore germination was inhibited on the distant induced root, compared to the non-bacterized control. Furthermore, enzyme analysis indicated that phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase increased on cucumber roots two days after they were bacterized with Pseudomonas strains 13 or 63--28. When the bacterized roots were challenged with P. aphanidermatum, these plant defense enzymes increased as the symptoms appeared, but this accumulation of enzymes was not any higher on roots induced with each of the Pseudomonas strains compared to the Pythium inoculated control. This enzyme stimulation was also systemically induced by PGPR or P. aphanidermatum on cucumber roots. The patterns of iso-peroxidase induced with the PGPR and P. aphanidermatum treatments were different. High levels of salicylic acid (SA) accumulated in bacteria-induced roots, as well as in pathogen-infected roots, which suggests that SA may be associated with cucumber resistance response. But exogenous application of SA did not induce any systemi
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Robertson, Fiona Catherine. "Selective targeting of micro RNA-regulated plant development by the 2b protein of Cucumber mosaic virus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613182.
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Jiang, Sanjie. "CMV infection affects bumblebee pollination behaviour and plant reproductive success." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Viruses can affect plant-insect interactions by altering emission of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Previous work in the lab suggested that VOCs emitted by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were more attractive to bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) in free choice assays. I extended this work using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with lesions in genes encoding factors in RNA silencing. In conditioning assays, I confirmed that plant VOC emission is controlled in part by the microRNA regulatory pathway. I used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and principal component analysis to confirm that CMV infection caused changes in VOC emission by tomato. VOCs collected from non-flowering mock-inoculated and CMV-infected plants were qualitatively distinct from each other. CMV-infected plants also released greater quantities of VOCs than mock-inoculated plants. CMV appears to be both ‘turning up the volume’ of plant volatile emission, whilst ‘tuning’ volatile blend composition so as to diminish levels of a repellant signal. These data are likely to explain how bumblebees can discriminate between VOCs emitted by mock-inoculated and CMV-infected plants. To determine if CMV infection of tomato plants affects plant reproductive success, I carried out a series of bumblebee pollination experiments. Bumblebees pollinate tomato by ‘buzzing’ (sonicating) the flowers, which releases pollen and enhances self-fertilization and seed production as well as pollen export. First, I established that CMV-infected tomato plants produced fruits with a lower seed yield than mock-inoculated plants. When single bumblebees were allowed to buzz-pollinate flowers in a small flying arena, the fruit that developed from buzz-pollinated flowers on virus infected plants had significantly more seeds than fruit from non-visited flowers. Subsequent experiments were performed in a large flying arena. Bumblebees consistently spent longer foraging on the mock-inoculated tomato plants but seed yield was increased by bumblebee pollination in both mock-inoculated as well as virus-infected tomato plants. However, although buzz-pollination significantly enhanced seed yield from CMV-infected plants compared to fruit from non-buzz-pollinated flowers, the yield was higher in buzz-pollinated fruits from mock-inoculated plants. Similar experiments were carried out utilizing a transgenic line of tomato that constitutively expresses the green fluorescent protein in order to estimate the level of cross-pollination from either CMV-infected plants to mock-inoculated plants or vice versa. More pollen from virus-infected plants was transferred to mock-inoculated plants than the reciprocal cross. However, some caution is needed in the interpretation of the larger scale experiments because the tomato plants were affected by a fungal infection. I investigated if the defensive plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) affects bee-perceivable VOC emission. Exogenous SA treatment renders non-flowering tomato plants more attractive to bumblebees in free choice experiments in which bees could only perceive VOCs, but bumblebees spent less time visiting SA-treated flowering tomato plants in the glasshouse (when the bumblebees were allowed unimpeded access to the flowers). Taken together, these data provide evidence that virus infection can affect host-pollinator interactions. Speculatively, CMV infection may change the fitness of susceptible plants via changes in production of pollinator-attractive VOCs and this may affect the balance of resistant or susceptible plants within the host population.
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Fleming, Daniel. "THE SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (DIABROTICA UNDECIMPUNCTATA HOWARDI): INTERACTIONS WITH CUCURBITS AND ITS STATUS AS A SWEET POTATO PEST IN MISSISSIPPI." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03272009-112856/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) is regarded as a pest of sweetpotatoes in Mississippi; however, its feeding on sweetpotatoes has not previously been documented. They are attracted to cucurbit crops that could be utilized as a trap crop or sentinel plant for management of cucumber beetles in sweetpotatoes. Studies were conducted between 2006 and 2008 to determine if cucurbit plants have the potential to serve as a trap crop or as sentinel plants for the spotted cucumber beetle in sweetpotato fields, and to determine the status of the spotted cucumber beetle as a sweetpotato pest in Mississippi. Cucurbit plants showed some potential to serve as a trap crop or sentinel plant for the spotted cucumber beetle, however, sweetpotato damage assumed to be caused by cucumber beetle larvae did not correlate with the number of adults captured. Spotted cucumber beetle larvae can feed and survive on sweetpotato roots.
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Nur, Sabrina Ahmad Azmi. "Studies on an effector NLP1 expressed during the late phase of plant infection by Colletotrichum orbiculare." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233850.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第21311号
農博第2296号
新制||農||1064(附属図書館)
学位論文||H30||N5145(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 髙野 義孝, 教授 田中 千尋, 教授 寺内 良平
学位規則第4条第1項該当
14
Walker, Jason. "Plant diversity and its effects on populations of cucumber beetles and their natural enemies in a cucurbit agroecosystem." Thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063552/.
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Liu, Xing, and s3072856@student rmit edu au. "Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Applied in Plant Physiology Studies." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.092529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a relatively new method applied to food quality assessment. EIS allows relatively inexpensive assessment, is fast, easy to operate and non-invasive. It has been adopted for investigation of fundamental electrical properties of plant tissues. Although the applications of EIS for food quality determination have been reported previously, the analytical relationships between electrical impedance properties and quality criteria have not yet been fully developed. Further exploration is thus important in acquiring more data on electrical impedance characteristics of fruits and vegetables and researching new approaches for determination of their quality. This dissertation aims to investigate the electrical impedance properties of fruits and vegetables, and explore the relationship between impedance and quality criteria. In particular, the present dissertation outlines experimental research conducted on relationships between impedance properties and fruit tastes as well as the impedance changes observed during ripening process. Impedance measurement to monitor moisture content changes in the progress of drying is also included in this research. In summary, the impedance properties have merits in fruits and vegetables quality assessment. The current used subjective visual inspection and assessment could be replaced by the EIS based approach as it is a more precise measurement of food quality. Further study is required to give this method practical value.
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Chang, Peta-Gaye Suzette. "Plant Virus Diagnostics: Comparison of classical and membrane-based techniques for immunoassay and coat protein sequence characterization for Cucumber mosaic virus and three potyviruses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diagnostics is important in the development and implementation of pest management strategies. The virus diagnostic capabilities of several plant pathology collaborators within the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) host countries were evaluated with the aid of a survey. Very few plant disease diagnostic clinics had funds to cover daily operations despite over half of the responding clinics receiving an operational budget. Academically and government affiliated clinics within the developing host countries had little access to molecular tools and equipment, relying mostly on biological and serological methods. Clinics affiliated with private companies and within the USA relied more upon molecular assays. Ten CMV isolates identified by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) were collected from a garden at the Historic Smithfield Plantation on the Virginia Tech campus, and from Painter, Virginia on the Eastern Shore. Three CMV isolates from Smithfield were biologically compared to six early CMV isolates stored since the 1970s, while all isolates were compared serologically and molecularly. Sequences obtained after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assigned the CMV isolates into subgroups, with eleven to subgroup 1A and three to subgroup 2. The subgroup assignments were confirmed by TBIA using CMV subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies (Agdia Inc). At Smithfield Plantation, another virus, Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was identified from Dameâ s Rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.). This is the first report of TuMV in Virginia. In TBIA virus-infected plant samples are blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, dried, and processed. Membranes can be stored for long periods of time and transported safely across borders without risk of introducing viruses into new environments, but virus remains immunologically active for several months. Methods were developed with CMV and three potyviruses, using the same membranes, for detecting viral RNA by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of PCR products.. Amplification by RT-PCR was possible after membrane storage for up to 15 months. The membranes also performed well with samples sent from IPM CRSP host countries and within the USA. This method should improve molecular diagnostic capabilities in developing countries, as samples can be blotted to membranes and sent to a centralized molecular laboratory for analysis.Ph. D.
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Scherf, Andrea [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel, and Cornelia [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullrich-Eberius. "Licorice, cucumber, downy mildew: tracing the secret Interactions between the plant extract, the host and the pathogen / Andrea Scherf. Betreuer: Gerhard Thiel ; Cornelia Ullrich-Eberius." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1106115716/34.
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Córdova, Pedro Javier Mansilla. "Infecção natural e experimental de cucurbitáceas com o vírus do mosaico do mamoeiro - estirpe mamoeiro e implicações epidemiológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-11022011-102358/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Entre as hospedeiras de invasão sistêmica do vírus do mosaico do mamoeiro - estirpe mamoeiro (Papaya ringspot virus type P; PRSV-P) encontram-se espécies de cucurbitáceas, cuja suscetibilidade à transmissão experimental, mecânica e com afídeos, é variável. A literatura nacional e internacional apresenta resultados distintos quanto à recuperação desse vírus a partir de cucurbitáceas presentes próximas ou no interior de plantios de mamoeiros infectados com esse vírus. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar em casa de vegetação a suscetibilidade de quatro espécies de cucurbitáceas a cinco isolados do PRSV-P obtidos de diferentes regiões do Brasil e inoculados de forma mecânica. Visou também estudar a infecção natural de cucurbitáceas cultivadas nas entrelinhas ou próximas de mamoeiros com mosaico. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em casa-de-vegetação os isolados do PRSV-P mantidos em mamoeiros, foram inoculados nos cotilédones de abobrinha de moita cv. Caserta, moranga cv. Exposição, pepino híbrido Primepack Plus e melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. As plantas foram avaliadas com base nos sintomas e indexadas por PTA-ELISA, e recuperação biológica do biótipo P do PRSV através de inoculações em mamoeiro. A confirmação da infecção dos mamoeiros foi realizada da mesma forma, por sintomatologia e indexação por PTA-ELISA. A abobrinha de moita foi a espécie mais suscetível aos cinco isolados do PRSV-P, seguida da melancia e do pepino. Não foi possível transmitir o vírus a moranga cv. Exposição. Para estudar a infecção natural realizou-se um ensaio com plantas de abobrinha de moita em Linhares-ES, três ensaios independentes em Rinópolis-SP e quatro em Piracicaba-SP, incluindo-se nessa última localidade a melancia e o pepino. Depois de aproximadamente 40 a 60 dias de exposição em campo coletaram-se amostras individuais ou compostas (de 3 a 5 plantas) das folhas dos ponteiros das plantas para realizar a recuperação biológica do PRSV-P para mamoeiros em casa de vegetação. A presença de afídeos foi monitorada em Piracicaba durante a execução dos experimentos no campo. No único teste de exposição em Linhares, nenhuma planta de abobrinha cultivada entre mamoeiros com mosaico mostrou-se infectada com esse vírus. O PRSV-P foi recuperado da abobrinha de moita em proporções variáveis em 2 dos 3 testes realizados em Rinópolis, e em 3 dos 4 testes realizados em Piracicaba. Nenhuma planta de melancia e pepino cultivada entre mamoeiros com mosaico foi infectada com o PRSV-P. Não foi possível recuperar o PRSV-P de nenhuma planta de abobrinha cultivada entre 5 e 80 metros de distância dos mamoeiros com mosaico em Piracicaba. Foram capturados afídeos vetores do PRSV-P e foi possível detectar plantas infectadas com os potyvirus PRSV-W e ZYMV, o que demonstra a presença e atividade dos vetores de vírus. Os resultados confirmaram a suscetibilidade variável das espécies de cucurbitáceas ao PRSV-P. Embora a abobrinha de moita fosse a única espécie encontrada naturalmente infectada pelo PRSV-P quando cultivada entre linhas de mamoeiro com mosaico, a presença de cucurbitáceas nos campos de produção de mamoeiro, especialmente quando o controle do mosaico do mamoeiro é feito através do roguing, não é recomendada.Besides Carica papaya, Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) infects systemically only species belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. Their susceptibility varies according to the species/cultivar, virus isolate and the method of inoculation. Attempts to recovery PRSV-P from naturally infected cucurbit plants grown near to or among diseased papaya trees have shown distinct results worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta, Cucurbita maxima cv. Exposiçao, Cucumis sativus hybrid Primepack Plus, and Citrullus lanatus cv. Crimson Sweet to five isolates of PRSV-P obtained from different regions of Brazil. It was also evaluated the natural infection of cucurbit plants grown between rows and in the vicinity of papaya trees infected with PRSV-P. The five PRSV-P isolates were maintained in papaya plants. Cucurbit plants grown in pots under greenhouse conditions were mechanically inoculated with each isolate at the cotiledonary stage. The plants were assessed based on symptoms and infection was confirmed by PTA-ELISA using extracts from the inoculated cotyledons and upper leaves. The same extracts were also mechanically inoculated on papaya plants in order to recover the virus isolate. Inoculated papaya plants were also tested by PTA-ELISA. Zucchini squash was the most susceptible species to PRSV-P, followed by watermelon and cucumber. Pumpkin cv. Exposição was not infected. To study the natural infection of zucchini squash cv. Caserta by PRSV-P, a trial was carried out in Linhares, State of Espírito Santo; three independent trials were carried out in Rinópolis; and four trials were carried out in Piracicaba, both regions located in the State of São Paulo. Watermelon and cucurbit were also included in some trials in Piracicaba. After approximately 40 to 70 days, leaf samples were collected and tested individually or in groups of three to five plants for the presence of PRSV-P by mechanical inoculation on papaya plants under greenhouse conditions. None of the zucchini squash plants grown between rows of infected papaya trees in Linhares was found infected by PRSV-P based on the virus recovery test to papaya plants. The virus was also not recovered from watermelon and cucurbit plants grown between rows of infected papaya trees in Piracicaba. On the other hand, PRSV-P was recovery from zucchini squash plants grown intercalated with diseased papayas in Rinópolis and Piracicaba. The number of infected plants varied among the trial. Several attempts to recover PRSV-P from innumerous zucchini squash plants grown approximately five to 80 meters from diseased papaya trees in Piracicaba failed. Alates of several species of aphids were captured in the field at Piracicaba. Also, innumerous cucurbit plants were found infected by the potyviruses Papaya ringspot virus type W and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, suggesting aphids activity in the area. The results confirmed the variable susceptibility of cucurbit species to infection with PRSV-P. Although natural infection with PRSV-P was restricted to zucchini squash cv. Caserta grown among infected papaya trees, the presence of cucurbit plants in the vicinity of papaya orchards, especially where disease control is done by systematic rouging of diseased plants, should not be allowed.
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Bonaldo, Solange Maria. "Efeito de Saccharomyces cerevisiae na síntese de fitoalexinas em sorgo, na germinação e formação de apressórios por fungos fitopatogênicos e na proteção de pepino a Colletotrichum lagenarium e sorgo a Colletotrichum sublineolum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-16062005-135554/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae tem potencial para o controle de doenças em algumas plantas, devido à capacidade de induzir resistência e de elicitar mecanismos de defesa. Entretanto, no processo de purificação de compostos elicitores presentes na parede celular de S. cerevisiae foi observado um baixo rendimento, dificultando a realização de experimentos, principalmente em campo. Assim, com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de extração do (s) elicitor (es) presentes na parede celular da levedura, células em suspensão foram autoclavadas por minutos ou horas, uma vez ou seqüencialmente. Em seguida, foi avaliado o conteúdo de carboidratos e de proteínas destas preparações que foram testadas na produção de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de sorgo, previamente tratados ou não com abrasivo carborundum, e na germinação de conídios e formação de apressórios por Colletotrichum lagenarium e Colletotrichum sublineolum. Em função da maior concentração de carboidratos e da atividade elicitora em mesocótilos de sorgo, a preparação de levedura autoclavada por 4 horas seqüencialmente foi submetida ao processo de purificação. Cromatografias de troca iônica (CTI), com tampão Tris-HCl ou bicarbonato de amônio na eluição da coluna DEAE-Celulose, foram realizadas para separar as frações com maior poder elicitor das de baixo poder elicitor. Frações de ambas as cromatografias, induziram o acúmulo de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de sorgo, previamente tratados ou não com abrasivo carborundum. Entretanto, frações provenientes da cromatografia com tampão bicarbonato de amônio foram capazes de inibir em 100% a germinação de conídios e a formação de apressórios dos fitopatógenos. Na proteção de pepino em câmara de crescimento, houve redução da área lesionada somente quando as plântulas de pepino receberam as frações provenientes da CTI com tampão Tris-HCl, dois dias antes da inoculação com o patógeno. Em casa-de-vegetação, fração proveniente da CTI com tampão bicarbonato de amônio conferiu proteção às plântulas de pepino contra C. lagenarium, mas sem aumento na atividade de peroxidases. Plantas de sorgo tratadas com as frações de ambas as cromatografias, apresentaram tendência a uma redução da área lesionada nas folhas tratadas e folhas superiores, com produção de fitoalexinas. A maior produção de fitoalexinas em plantas de sorgo foi observada em folhas tratadas com a preparação bruta da levedura autoclavada por 4 horas seqüencialmente. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicam a existência de compostos termoestáveis na parede celular da levedura, liberados em maior concentração em função da autoclavagem seqüencial, capazes de induzir o acúmulo de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos e folhas de sorgo, com atividade antifúngica sobre C sublineolum e C. lagenarium e potencial para induzir resistência local em pepino contra C. lagenarium e resistência local e sistêmica em sorgo contra C. sublineolum.The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has potential in the control of diseases in some plants by the ability to induce resistance and elicits defence mechanisms. However, in the process of purification of elicitor (s) present in the cell wall of S. cerevisiae a low efficiency was observed during the process, making difficult to carry out experiments, mainly in field. Thus, to optimize the process of extraction of the elicitor (s) present in the cell wall of the yeast, cells in suspension were autoclaved by minutes or hours, once or in sequence. After autoclaving the carbohydrate and proteins content of these preparations were determinate and they were tested in phytoalexin accumulation in sorghum mesocotyls, previously treated or not with the abrasive carborundum, and conidia germination and appressorium formation by Colletotrichum lagenarium and Colletotrichum sublineolum. Because of the higher carbohydrate content and the highest elicitor activity in sorghum mesocotyls, the preparation autoclaved by 4 hours in sequence was selected for the purification process. Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) using Tris-HCl or ammonium bicarbonate buffer for column elution, were used to separate fractions with higher elicitation activity from those exhibiting lower elicitation activity. Fractions from the chromatography obtained using either buffer induced the accumulation of phytoalexin in sorghum mesocotyls, previously treated or not with the abrasive carborundum. However, the fractions from the chromatography with ammonium bicarbonate buffer were able to inhibit in 100% the conidia germination and appressorium formation by the phytopathogens. In the protection of cucumber in growth chamber, there was a reduction in symptoms only when the cucumber seedlings were treated with the fractions from the IEC with Tris-HCl buffer, two days before the inoculation with the fungus. In greenhouse, fraction from the IEC with ammonium bicarbonate buffer was able to protect cucumber seedlings against C. lagenarium, but without increase peroxidases activity. Sorghum plants treated with the fractions, obtained using either buffer, exhibited reduced infection in the treated leaves and leaves just above, with phytoalexin production. The highest phytoalexin production in sorghum plants was observed in leaves treated with the crude preparation of the yeast autoclaved by 4 hours sequentially. The results of the present study indicate the presence of termoestable compounds in the cell wall of the yeast, released in higher concentrations in function of the sequential autoclavage, that are able to induce phytoalexin accumulation in sorghum mesocotyls and leaves, with antifungal activity on C. sublineolum and C. lagenarium and potential to induce local resistance in cucumber against C. lagenarium and local and systemic resistance in sorghum against C. sublineolum.
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Pinto, Zayame Vegette. "Efeito da origem dos isolados do Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e da presença de dois Potyvirus na transmissão do CMV para abobrinha de moita por meio de duas espécies de afídeos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-21052004-140518/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As cucurbitáceas no Brasil podem ser infectadas por diferentes vírus, tais como o Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W); o Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) e o Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Os dois primeiros pertencem ao gênero Potyvirus e no geral ocorrem com maior freqüência do que o CMV, que é uma espécie do gênero Cucumovirus. Os dois potyvirus e o cucumovirus são transmitidos por afídeos de maneira não persistente. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi o de obter subsídios que possam explicar a menor incidência do CMV em espécies de cucurbitáceas, estudando: (a) a interferência dos potyvirus PRSV-W e ZYMV na transmissão do CMV por Aphis gossypii e Myzus persicae para plantas de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo Caserta) e (b) o efeito de isolados do CMV provenientes de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa), de pimentão (Capsicum annuum), de pepineiro (Cucumis sativus), de meloeiro (Cucumis melo) e de trapoeraba (Commelina virginica) na infectividade de plantas de abobrinha de moita por meio da transmissão por afídeos. Para avaliar a possível interferência dos potyvirus na transmissão do CMV, as plantas de abobrinha de moita foram inoculadas com afídeos que adquiriram cada um dos vírus isoladamente; o CMV simultaneamente com cada um dos potyvirus; um dos potyvirus seguido pelo CMV e vice-versa. Os resultados mostraram, na maioria das vezes, que a transmissão dos vírus isoladamente foi mais eficiente do que em mistura, tanto através de aquisição simultânea como seqüencial. Os potyvirus no geral foram mais eficientemente transmitidos por ambas espécies de afídeos. Quando em mistura (aquisição simultânea ou sequencial), de uma maneira geral, houve uma redução na taxa de transmissão do CMV e do potyvirus presente na mistura. As avaliações sobre o efeito da origem dos isolados do CMV na infectividade de abobrinha de moita mostraram que apenas o isolado de pimentão não infectou plantas de abobrinha de moita quando transmitido por meio dos afídeos A. gossypii e M. persicae. Também não houve infecção quando inoculado mecanicamente. Os demais isolados infectaram abobrinha de moita através da transmissão por ambas espécies de afídeos. Análise da proteína capsidial dos diferentes isolados do CMV indicaram que todas apresentaram a mesma mobilidade em gel de SDS-PAGE. A origem do isolado o CMV, a eficiência da espécie de afídeo na sua transmissão e a interferência dos potyvirus PRSV-W e ZYMV podem explicar em parte a menor incidência desse cucumovirus em cucurbitáceas no país.The cucurbits in Brazil can be infected by different viruses, such as Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W); Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The first two belong to the genus Potyvirus and in general they occur more frequently than CMV, which is a species of the genus Cucumovirus. The two potyviruses and the cucumovirus are transmitted by means of aphids in a non persistent way. The main objective of this work was to obtain subsidies that can explain the lower incidence of CMV in cucurbit species, studying: (a) the interference of the potyviruses PRSV-W and ZYMV in the transmission of CMV by means of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae to zucchini squash plants (Cucurbita pepo 'Caserta') and (b) the effect of isolates of CMV from passion flower (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo) and Commelina virginica in the infectividade of zucchini squash plants through the transmission by aphids. To evaluate the possible interference of the potyvirus in the transmission of CMV, zucchini squash plants were inoculated with aphids that acquired each one of the viruses separately; CMV simultaneously with each one of the potyvirus; one of the potyvirus follow by CMV and vice-versa. The results showed that the transmission of PRSV-W, ZYMV and CMV separately was more efficient than in mixture. The potyviruses in general were more efficiently transmitted by both species of aphids than CMV. When in mixture (simultaneous or sequential acquisition), there was a reduction in the rate of transmission of CMV as well as that of the potyvirus present in the mixture. The evaluation on the effect of the origin of the isolate of CMV in the infectivity of zucchini squash showed that only the isolate from bell pepper did not infected the plants when inoculated by means of A. gossypii and M. persicae. This isolate also did not infecte zucchini squash when inoculated mechanically. The others isolate infected zucchini squash when transmitted by both species of aphids. Analysis of the capsidial protein of the different isolates of CMV indicated that all presented the same mobility in SDS-PAGE. The origin of the isolate of CMV, the efficiency of the species of aphid and the interference of the potyviruses PRSV-W and ZYMV on its transmission can partly explain the lower incidence of this cucumovirus in cucurbits species in Brazil.
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Juraeva, Dilafruz. "Study the possible mechanisms of plant growth promotion by wheat diazotrophic bacteria grown in Uzbekistan soil." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Das Pflanzenwachstum fördernde Bakterien (PGPB) kommen ubiquitär sowohl an der Wurzel als auch am Spross der Pflanzen vor und sie können über direkte oder indirekte Mechanismen einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Stickstoffernährung der Pflanzen leisten. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst a) die Isolierung von PGPB, welche das Wachstum verschiedener Pflanzenarten fördern und durch Fusarien verursachte Pflanzenkrankheiten bekämpfen, b) die Analyse der Möglichkeiten Probleme der Pflanzenernährung durch den Einsatz von PGPB zu lösen, c) die Entwicklung neuer molekularbiologischer Methoden zur Messung der Diversität und Aktivität der PGPB. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Methoden zur Beschreibung der Diversität von rhizosphären PGPB entwickelt und verbessert um Verbindungen zwischen applizierten PGPB und deren Aktivitäten zu prüfen. Die sensitive quantitative real-time-PCR Methode wurde zur Quantifizierung bzw. zum Nachweis der inokulierten PGPB und zum Nachweis des nitrogenase-reduktase-Gens (nifH), des Markergens für potentiell diazotrophe Bakterien. Bakterienartspezifische Primer wurden aus dem Sequenzvergleich der 16S-23S ISR ausgewählter Bakterienstämme selektiert und Protokolle zur Quantifizierung dieser Bakterienarten erarbeitet. Die nifH Gen Quantifizierung an Pflanzen eröffnet die Möglichkeit Schlüsselorganismen in der assoziativen biologischen Luftstickstoffbindung zu identifizieren und kurzfristige Reaktionen der Bakteriengesellschaften auf Umweltveränderungen und Regulationsmechanismen in situ zu analysieren.Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are ubiquitous in both plant root and shoot, and are important contributors to the nitrogen-input of plants exerting their positive effects on plant growth directly or indirectly through different mechanisms. The present work focuses on a) the isolation of PGPB, which promotes the growth of different plant cultures and controls plant diseases caused by Fusarium species, b) the prospects of PGPB to solve plant nutritional problems, c) developing new molecular methods for the assessment of their diversity and activity. In the frame of this thesis, the methods for the description of the diversity of root colonizing PGPB have been developed and improved to provide links between introduced PGPB abundance and activities. The approach used was based on the sensitive real – time PCR detection/quantification of introduced PGBP and the nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH), which served as a marker gene for potential diazotrophs. The amplified 16S-23S ISR sequences of studied bacteria were subjected to strain – specific primer design and a highly specific bacteria quantification protocol were developed. The bacteria quantification protocol was based on real – time PCR using strain specific primers in order to evaluate the colonization ability of studied bacteria, which were inoculated to plant roots. The results presented in this thesis have shown that monitoring of nifH amount in plant root is a suitable and promising approach to link inoculated diazotrophic bacteria abundance and its potential activity. The study of nifH gene abundance in plant offers the opportunity to identify key players in asymbiotic nitrogen fixation, to study short-term community responses in changing environments, or to analyze the effect of regulation in situ.
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Crawford, T. W. Jr, J. L. Stroehlein, and R. O. Kuehl. "Manganese Stresses and Mineral Nutrition of Cucumber Plants." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cucumber plants in the vegetative phase of growth received deficient, sufficient, or toxic treatment of manganese (Mn) during a 15-day period beginning 43 days after germination. Deficiency and toxicity of manganese both supressed accumulation of fresh and dry weight. Stem length, number of leaves, and number of seconday meristems per plant were not significantly different among Mn treatments. Manganese-deficient plants accumulated less manganese and nitrogen but more copper and iron, and about the same amount of zinc, phosphorus, and potassium as the Mn-sufficient plants. Manganese toxicity caused cucumber plants to accumulate less copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but more manganese, and about the same amounts of iron and zinc as the Mn-sufficient plants.
23
Cazier, Jean-Baptiste. "Mathematical modelling of gas exchanges in film-wrapped cucumbers /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5763-7.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Gambley, Rhonda Leigh. "Physiological studies in the development of a transformation system for cucumis sativus L. (cucumber)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1990. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35959/1/35959_Gambley_1990.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A technique is described for the production de novo
shoots of Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) using cotyledon
explants. The shoots, which arose from adventitious buds
and not from enhanced axillary branching, are confined to
a specific region at the base of the cotyledon and can be
obtained using a variety of growth regulator combinations.
The yield of shoots can be as high as 50 per cotyledon
when the basal region of the cotyledon is pretreated in
cytokinin then cut into small pieces prior to culturing.
Cotyledons appear to be suitable explants for
transformation using A. tumefaciens as they are readily
regenerated in vitro, susceptible to kanamycin sulphate
and susceptible to infection by A. tumefaciens. The in
vitro methods presented in this work should be readily
applicable to transformation experiments.
Cucumber explants including at least part of the
cotyledon, a short section of hypocotyl and the apical
bud, are capable of producing multiple axillary buds from
the seedling apex and adventitious shoots from the
hypocotyl base in media containing a low concentration of
cytokinin. The area of intact cotyledon and the presence
or absence of the apical bud affected shoot production in
both regions. Culture in continuous darkness entirely
prevented shoot development from the explant base but had
little influence on shoot production from the apex. The
influence of apical dominance on morphogenesis and
possible involvement of endogenous growth substances.
Multiple shoot development at the base of explants, in
media containing cytokinin, was dependent upon the length
of intact hypocotyl on the explants. It is suggested that
this is related not to the ratio or concentration of
endogenous growth regulators but to different sensitivity
of different regions along the hypocotyl to growth
regulators.
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Wahyuni, Wiwiek Sri. "Variation among cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates and their interaction with plants." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw137.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes appendix containing journal publications co-authored by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-151). Eighteen strains of Cucumber mosaic virus, including forteen from Australia, two from the USA, and two from Japan were used in this study.
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Hackland, Andrew F. "The development of transgenic plants resistant to cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco necrosis virus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: pages 108-128.Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco necrosis virus (TN V) often occur in mixed virus infections in South Africa. Both viruses are of economic importance because of their world-wide distribution, extensive host range and their effects on yields of agriculturally important crop plants. The complete cDNA sequences of CMV-Wemmershoek (CMV-Wem) coat protein (CP) and TNV-F5P CP genes were cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. CMV-Wem is closely related to CMV-WL and CMV-Q, and therefore falls into CMV subgroup II. Similar analysis showed that TNV-F5P is closely related to TNV-A. By characterizing and sequencing these clones the authenticity of the CMV and TNV CP genes was also determined, prior to sub cloning into the appropriate vectors for expression in E. coli and tobacco. Constructs containing both the full-length CP genes of CMV-Wem and TNV-F5P were subcloned in frame with the malE gene, encoding the maltose binding protein (MBP), in the IPTG-inducible pMALTM vector system, and expressed in E. coli. Through immunological detection the authenticity of both CPs was confirmed. The CMV CP translation product expressed in E.coli was used as an antigen to raise antiserum free from contaminating plant host-specific antibodies. The CP genes of both viruses were individually cloned in both orientations (sense and antisense) in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid-based binary and cointegrate vectors. The study was then extended to include engineering doubly transgenic plants. In order to determine whether the full-length CP is required to mediate virus resistance, a truncated form of the TNV CP was generated by deleting 83 amino acids from the C-terminus. Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv Petit Havana SRl plants containing one of a number of different forms of CMV and TNV CP nucleotide sequence were generated. In whole plant studies, mechanical inoculation of Ro lines with CMV-Wem resulted in more than 50% of the CMV CP-sense (CP+) and CP-antisense plants not developing visible systemic disease symptoms. In both the CMV CP+ and doubly transgenic plants CMV-Wem accumulation was delayed, but virus was found to accumulate in the inoculated leaves over time. The CMV CP+ lines showed excellent protection against CMV-Q, but showed only a delay in symptom production when inoculated with CMV -Y, from subgroup I.
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Lewsey, Mathew Graham. "Effects of the Cucumber mosaic virus 2b gene and other viral sequences in transgenic plants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614169.
Повний текст джерела
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Reynolds, Susan Jennifer. "Structure of the isocitrate lyase gene of cucumber and its transcriptional regulation in higher plants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The glyoxylate cycle operates in oilseeds during postgerminative development when it is involved in the conversion of fatty acids released from lipid reserves, to sucrose, to support growth until the seedling becomes photosynthetically competent. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS) are key enzymes of this cycle, serving to by-pass the carbon dioxide liberating steps of the Krebs' cycle. In cucumber, synthesis of these two enzymes is co-ordinately regulated during seedling development. Using the glyoxylate cycle as a model system, it is anticipated that an insight can be gained into the factors responsible for metabolic and developmental regulation of plant gene expression. A partial cDNA clone encoding ICL was sequenced and used as a probe in Southern analysis to reveal that the icl gene is single copy in cucumber. Transcript levels of both ICL and MS in seedlings up to eight days post-imbibition were analysed by Northern hybridisation and confirm co-ordinate expression of the two genes. A cucumber genomic library was constructed and a clone containing the icl gene was isolated. The nucleotide sequence was determined and the structure of the gene analysed. The start of transcription was mapped by primer extension. The 6.5 kb fragment carrying the icl gene was used to generate transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Analysis of these transformants revealed that the transgene was faithfully transcribed following seed germination. Sequence comparisons of the promoter regions of the icl and ms genes revealed areas of homology potentially important in the co-ordinate transcriptional regulation of these genes. Gene fusion studies using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were carried out in both stable transformation and transient expression systems.
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Masiri, Jongkit Murphy John F. "The nature of cucumber mosaic virus-induced symptoms in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1977.
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Kalogirou, Maria. "Antiviral and quality effects of chemical elictors and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) infection on tomato plants and fruits." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has emerged as one of the most serious threats to tomato cultivation in Greece. In the present study the effects of Benzothiadiazoles (BTH) and pyraclostrobin against mechanically or aphid-transmitted CMV in tomato plants, of hybrid F1 Clodin, were investigated in greenhouse experiments. BTH was confirmed as capable of inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tomato seedlings against CMV, while pyraclostrobin was not. Responses to BTH application and/or CMV inoculation on Spanish tomato hybrid Delos (BTH, BTH+CMV, CMV treatments) were monitored during winter and spring season in Greece. In both seasons the SAR derived from BTH application suppressed CMV. BTH treatment presented increased plant growth, fruit size and marketable tomato yield compared to CMV and BTH+CMV treatments, whereas decreased compared to healthy control. CMV treatment caused the most severe stunting of tomato plants among the examined treatments and resulted in yield loss of marketable fruits, although the total fruit number was higher versus to other treatments. Cont/d.
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Pelinganga, Osvaldo Manuel. "Developing phytonematicides using indigenous cucumis africanus and cucumis myriocarpus fruits for tomato production systems." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D. Agriculture (Plant Protection)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013Global withdrawal of synthetic fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides due to their ecounfriendly impacts and high toxicity to non-target organisms, respectively, increased the research and development of alternatives for managing population densities of plantparasitic nematodes, particularly the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes. Although Meloidogyne species had been managed using genotypes that are resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes in various crops, various challenges negate the available or introgressed nematode resistance. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production, nematode races and instability of nematode resistant genotypes under certain conditions necessitated the continued research and development of alternatives since most of the existing commercial tomato cultivars are highly susceptible to various biological races of Meloidogyne species. The aim of the study was to research and develop appropriate dosages of two phyto- nematicides which could be applied through drip irrigation system in open field tomato production systems, while the specific objectives were to: (1) determine whether a computer-based model could provide nonphytotoxic concentrations to tomato plants using fresh fruits of wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (C. myriocarpus) under greenhouse conditions, (2) determine whether computer-based concentrations from the two plant species when using dried fruits would be less phytotoxic and more suppressive to nematodes, (3) investigate application time intervals for the two products, (4) determine responses of plant growth in tomato and nematode suppression in respect to the derived dosages, and and (5) validate dosages of fermented crude extracts from the two plant species with respect to plant growth of tomato and suppression of nematode numbers. xxxiii Greenhouse, microplot and field studies were set to test the hypotheses intended to achieve the stated objectives, with reliability of measured variables being ensured by using statistical levels of significance (P ≤ 0.05) and coefficients of determination (R2), while validity was ensured by conducting experiments at the same location over two seasons and/or by setting up factorial treatments. Firstly, fermented plant extracts of fresh fruits from C. africanus and C. myriocarpus consistently reduced population densities of Meloidogyne species by 80-92% and 50-90%, respectively. Tomato plants were highly sensitive to the two products as shown by the total degree of sensitivities (Σk) and biological index of 0 and 3, respectively. Also, the mean concentration stimulation range (MCSR) of 11% and 7% concentrations, respectively, attested to this phytotoxicity. Secondly, fermented crude extracts of dried fruits from C. africanus and C. myriocarpus also reduced population densities of Meloidogyne species by 78-97% and 87-97%, respectively. Tomato plants were highly tolerant to the two products in dried form as shown by the total degree of sensitivities (Σk) and biological index of 4 and 3, respectively. The MCSR values for C. africanus and C. myriocarpus dried fruits on tomato were 2.64% and 2.99%, respectively, which for the purpose of this study were individually adjusted to 3%, which translated to 36 L undiluted material/ha of 4 000 tomato plants. In subsequent studies, 3% concentration was used as the standard, along with double strength concentration, namely, 6% concentration. Thirdly, the MCSR values derived in Objective 4, namely 3% and 6% concentration for both Cucumis species using the CARD model were used in the optimisation of application time interval using the innovative concept of weeks (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) in a 30-day month period. Application time interval for 3% and 6% concentrations of C. africanus fruits was xxxiv optimised at 2.40 and 2.61 weeks in a 30-day month period, respectively, which translated to 18 days [(2.4 weeks/4 weeks) × 30 days] and 20 days [(2.6 weeks/4 weeks) × 30 days], respectively. In contrast, for both concentrations from fermented crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruits, application time interval was optimised at 16 days for 2.2 and 2.1 weeks, respectively. During optimisation of application frequencies, fermented crude extracts from C. africanus and C. myriocarpus reduced final population densities of M. incognita race 2 by 70-97% and 76-96%, respectively. Fourthly, optimum application intervals (time), allowed computation of dosage, which is a product of concentration and application frequency (dosage = concentration × application frequency). Fifthly, validation of the dosages under open field conditions suggested that 6% × 16-day dosage under crude extracts from C. myriocarpus fruit significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved growth of tomato plants when compared with those of either 0% (untreated control) or 3% at 16 days. In contrast, dosages of C. africanus fruit at two application frequency had no effect on growth of tomato plants – suggesting that either of the dosages was suitable for use in tomato production since both reduced nematode numbers. During validation, the materials reduced nematode numbers by margins similar to those observed previously under other environments. In conclusion, crude extracts of the two Cucumis species have stimulatory concentrations which have potential similar reductive effects on population densities of Meloidogyne species and could serve as botanical nematicides. However, since plant responses to the two products differed in terms of their respective dosages and active ingredients, it implied that for further improvement of the two, the overriding focus should be on their interaction with the protected plants and nematode numbers. Ideally, future research xxxv should include environmental impact studies, especially on the influence of the products fruit quality of tomato, earthworms, fish and bees.
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Rocha, Rita de Cassia Dosciatti Serrão. "Quitosana na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de espécies olerícolas e no controle de fitopatógenos in vitro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CAPESA indução de resistência é conceituada como a ativação de um estado de resistência contra doenças, o qual é induzido sistemicamente em plantas pela utilização de agentes bióticos ou abióticos, sem qualquer alteração do genoma da planta, ocorrendo de maneira não específica, por meio da ativação de genes que codificam para diversas respostas de defesa vegetal. A quitosana é um polímero derivado da desacetilação da quitina, encontrada em grande quantidade na carapaça de crustáceos, sendo estudada com potencial para controle fitopatógenos, tanto para sua ação fungistática direta, quanto pela capacidade de induzir a defesa das plantas, indicando a presença de moléculas com características elicitoras. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos com objetivos de avaliar o potencial da quitosana na indução de resistência a plântulas de beterraba (Beta vulgaris), tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) e pepino (Cucumis sativus) e no controle de Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn e Pythium sp. em condições in vitro. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, com quatro repetições As sementes de beterraba, tomate e pepino foram submersas em solução de quitosana por 20 minutos, nas concentrações de 0,25; 0,5; 1 e 2% e na testemunha água destilada. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido contendo substrato lantmax Florestalr previamente esterilizado e inoculado com Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn e Pythium sp., respectivamente, para as três culturas. O experimento foi conduzido por 14 dias em câmara de cultivo com controle de temperatura (25 C 2 C), luminosidade (fotoperíodo de 12 horas) e umidade relativa (70% 10%). As avaliações realizadas foram emergência das sementes, tombamento de plântulas, comprimento de plântulas, massa da matéria fresca e atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL), quitinases e b-1,3- glucanase. Foi avaliado tamb´em o crescimento micelial de Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. e R. solani em meio de cultura B.D.A. (Batata-Dextrose e Agar) contendo quitosana nas mesmas concentrações avaliadas nas sementes. Na cultura da beterraba, o tratamento de sementes com quitosana propiciou maior emergência e comprimento das plântulas, e reduziu o percentual de tombamento. O tratamento com quitosana ativou a resistência sistêmica adquirida com expressão das enzimas quitinases e b-1,3-glucanase. No tomate a quitosana na concentração de 0,25% favoreceu a emergência das plântulas, reduziu a incidência de tombamento e ativou as enzimas FAL, quitinases e b-1,3-glucanase. Em pepino, com concentração de até 0,5%, favoreceu a emergência das plântulas e reduziu a incidência de tombamento. A quitosana ativou as enzimas FAL e b-1,3-glucanase. A quitosana também apresentou ação fungistática sobre o crescimento inicial de Pythium sp. e Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn em condições in vitro, no entanto, tal ação não prevaleceu até o término do experimento. Para Fusarium sp. o aumento da concentração da quitosana resultou na redução do crescimento micelial in vitro.
Induction of resistance is defined as the activation of a state of resistance against diseases which is induced systemically in plants by the use of biotic or abiotic agents without any modification of the plant genome, occurring non-specific way, by activating genes coding for various plant defense responses. Chitosan is a polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is found in large quantities in crustacean shell, and studied with the potential to control plant pathogens, both by its direct fungistatic action, as the ability to induce protection of plants, indicating the presence of molecules of elicitoras characteristics. Three experiments with objective of evaluating the potential of chitosan in the seedling resistance induction were developed, beet (Beta vulgaris) seeds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds, and the control of Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani K¨uhn e Pythium sp. in vitro conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Beet seeds, tomato and cucumber were submerged in chitosan solution for 20 minutes, in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% in the control and distilled water. Seeds were sown in trays containing Plantmax Florestalr substrate sterilized and inoculated with Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani K¨unh and Pythium sp., respectively for the three cultures. The experiment was conducted for 14 days in growth chamber with controlled temperature (25 C 2 C), light (12 hour photoperiod) and humidity (70% 10%). The evaluations were seed emergency, seedling damping-off, seedling length, fresh weight and activity of the enzymes phenylalanine amˆonia-liase (PAL), chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase. It was also rated the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and R. solani on P.D.A. (Potato-Dextrose and Agar) culture medium containing chitosan at the same concentrations evaluated in seeds. For beet growing, seed treatment with chitosan presented higher emergence and the length of the seedlings, and reduced the percentage of tipping. Treatment with chitosan activated the systemic acquired resistance with expression of chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase enzymes. For the tomato crop in chitosan concentration of 0.25% favored the emergency of seedlings, reduced the incidence of tipping and activated the PAL enzymes, chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase. In cucumber on the concentration of up 0.5% favored seedlings emergence and reduces the incidence of tipping. Chitosan activated the PAL enzymes and b-1,3-glucanase. Chitosan also presented fungistatic action on the initial growth of Pythium sp. and R. solani in vitro conditions, however, such action did not prevail until the end of the experiment. To Fusarium sp. the concentration of chitosan resulted in the reduction of mycelial growth in vitro.
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Rankin, Lynda. "Evaluation of native rhizosphere bacteria for use as biological control agents against Pythium aphanidermatum root rot of European greenhouse cucumbers." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thirty-two isolates of rhizosphere bacteria, selected for their ability to inhibit zoospore germination and/or mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (Pa) in vitro, were evaluated in a test tube bioassay using cucumber c.v. 'Straight 8'. These isolates were identified as Psedudomonas corrugata (Pc13 or 35) and P. fluorescens (Pf15, 16 or 27). All but one of the five isolates effectively colonised the roots of cucumber plants in short term studies. Isolates 15 and 35 were found to maintain high population densities throughout the time period. Pa-inoculated plants treated with the Pc13 or Pf15 produced fruit yields equal to 92 and 74% respectively of the control (no Pa, no bacteria). Pa-inoculated plants without bacteria yielded only 46% of the control. In the fall crop, Pa-inoculated plants treated with Pc13 or Pf15 yielded 52 and 47% of the control compared to Pa-only treatment, which yielded 12.5% of the control. In both crops, treatment with any of the bacterial isolates resulted in significantly reduced cull rates compared to the Pa-only treatment.
34
Jung, M. C. Victoria. "The role of selected plant and microbial metabolites in the nutrient solution of closed growing systems in greenhouses /." Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000343/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.Appendix consists of reprints and manuscripts of five papers co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially available online in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Franco, André Andrade. "Resíduos de deltametrina, aplicada em diferentes formulações, em compartimentos da cultura do pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) tutorado e ação do inseticida no controle da broca-das-cucurbitáceas Diaphania nitidalis (Cramer, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11112004-140048/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O desenvolvimento da agricultura, a modernização dos meios dos cultivos, buscando atender a um mercado exigente, tem-se baseado no uso de insumos agrícolas para garantir a produção de alta qualidade e de quantidade. Tais culturas demandam o uso de pesticidas, cujos resíduos, principalmente em hortaliças e frutas, são motivo de preocupação com a saúde dos consumidores e de operários que necessitam retornar às culturas tratadas com esses agrotóxicos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a) estudar o comportamento dos resíduos de deltametrina, de diferentes formulações, em frutos, folhas e solo; b) avaliar os resíduos deslocáveis do inseticida nas folhas, como ponto de partida para estudos de exposição ocupacional; c) correlacionar os teores de deltametrina nos frutos com o controle da broca-das-cucurbitáceas e d) correlacionar os resíduos nos frutos com o limite máximo de resíduo (LMR) e o intervalo de segurança (período de carência) estabelecidos pela legislação. Os tratamentos foram: a) testemunha; b) três aplicações da formulação em concentrado emulsionável Decis 25 CE na dosagem de 30 mL p.c.100 L-1 de água (0,75 g i.a. deltametrina.100 L-1 de água); c) três aplicações da formulação em concentrado emulsionável Decis Ultra 100 CE na dosagem de 7,5 mL p.c.100 L-1 de água (0,75 g i.a. deltametrina.100 L-1 de água); e d) três aplicações da formulação em suspensão concentrada Decis 200 SC na dosagem de 3,75 mL de p.c.100 L-1 de água (0,75 g i.a. deltametrina 100 L-1 de água). As amostras de fruto e de solo foram colhidas a (-1); zero; 1; 3; 5 e 7 dias após a última aplicação; as amostras de folhas e as de para estudos de resíduos deslocáveis nestas foram tomadas a (-1); zero; 1; 3; 5; 7 e 14 dias. O método analítico constou da extração dos resíduos de deltametrina de acetato de etila, limpeza dos extratos por técnica de cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC), com eluição feita com uma mistura de acetato de etila/ciclohexano. A determinação quantitativa por cromatografia de gás. Para a avaliação da eficiência do inseticida, foram feitas seis levantamentos de infestação, determinando-se a porcentagem de frutos brocados. Os resultados indicaram que os resíduos de deltametrina no fruto, embora em baixos níveis, encontravam-se acima do LMR (0,03 mg.kg-1), mesmo um dia após o término do intervalo de segurança (2 dias) para as formulações do inseticida. Nas folhas, os resíduos resultantes das aplicações da formulação SC foram sempre maiores do que ambas CE (10-20 vezes), sendo de 15-80 vezes mais altas do que nos frutos. No solo, os resíduos foram também baixos (0,01-0,05 mg.kg-1), e semelhantes nas três formulações, entretanto, com baixa dissipação. Os resíduos deslocáveis de deltametrina nas folhas foram muito elevados quando de aplicações em SC, comparadas com as formulações CE (4-20 vezes), com valores de meias-vida de 2,8; 3,8 e 32,2 dias, respectivamente para as formulações Decis 25 CE, Decis Ultra 100 CE e Decis 200 SC. O inseticida, nas formulações em que foi aplicado, foi eficiente no controle da praga durante todo o período de avaliação.The agriculture development, the modernization of cultivation means, trying to meet a demanding market, has been based on the use of agricultural supplies to assure a high quality and quantity production. Such crops demand the use of pesticides, whose residues, especially in fruit and vegetable production, raise worries about the consumers health and of the workers who need to return to the treated crop with these pesticides. The objectives of this study were: a) to study the behavior of deltamethrin residues applied in different formulations in fruits, leaves and soil; b) to evaluate the dislodgeable residues of the insecticide in leaves, as a starting point for occupational exposure studies; c) to correlate deltamethrin concentration in fruit with the pickleworm control and d) to correlate residues in fruit with the maximum residue level (MRL) and the safety interval established by the legislation. The treatments were: a) control ; b) three applications of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation Decis 25 CE.100-1 at the dosage of 30 mL of c.p.100 L-1 water (0.75 g a.i. deltamethrin.100L-1 water); c) three applications of the emulsifiable formulation of Decis Ultra 100 CE at the dosage of 7.5 mL of p.c.100 L-1 water (0.75 g a.i. deltamethrin.100. L-1 water) and d) three applications of the concentrate suspension formulation Decis 200 SC at the dosage of 3.75 mL of c.p.100.L-1 water (0.75 g a.i. deltamethrin 100L-1 water). The fruit and soil samples were taken at (-1); zero; 1; 3; 5 and 7 days after the last application; leaf samples and also those for the studies of dislodgeable residues on them were collected at (-1); zero; 1; 3; 5; 7 and 14 days after the last application. The analytical method consisted of the extraction of deltamethrin residues in ethyl acetate, clean-up of the extracts by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), with elutition made with a mixture of ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. The quantitative determination was made by gas chromatograph. To evaluate the insecticide efficacy six infestation surveys were carried out, based on the percentage of infested fruit . The results indicate that the deltamethrin residues in fruit, though in low levels, were found higher than the MRL (0.03 mg.kg-1), for the three insecticide formulations, even a day after the end of the safety interval (2 days). In the leaves the resulting residues of the applications of SC formulation were always bigger than both CE (10-20 times), being 15-80 times higher in the fruits. In the soil, the residues were also low (0.01-0.05 mg kg-1), and similar in the three formulations, however with low dissipation. The dislodgeable residues of deltamethrin in leaves were higher in SC as compared to both CE (4-20 times), with half-life values of 2.8; 3.8 and 32.2 days, respectively for the formulation Decis 25 CE, Decis Ultra 100 CE and Decis 200 SC. The insecticide in the formulations applied was efficient in the pest control during the whole evaluation period.
36
Estévez, Geffriaud Virginia. "Seed treatments for the protection of crops." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis focuses on the development and subsequent application of a seed treatment protocol using a phytosanitary product named T34 Biocontrol (Biocontrol Technologies S.L., Spain) containing the active ingredient Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, which is registered for use as a plant protection agent in the EU. Greenhouse and field assays were conducted in order to observe the effects of this product on Zea mays (maize) under a) abiotic stress (drought) with or without a commercial fungicide; b) biotic stress in a field naturally infected with the soil pathogen Harpophora maydis (previously known as Cephalosporium maydis). The seed treatment was also applied to seeds of two parental (male and female) lines of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and their hybrid in order to observe its effects on yield under intensive greenhouse production. In summary, we obtained a viable seed treatment with a T34 load of up to 1·10(7) CFU/seed at baseline. T34 seed treatment was viable for up to two years with a load of 8·10(2) – 2·105 CFU/seed or up to at least 310 days with 3·10(4) – 1·10(6) CFU/seed, with or without fungicide, respectively, depending on storage and dose. In maize, regardless of water regime, T34 improved kernel P and C content, kernel dry weight and number. Under drought, T34 treatment improved leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, PSII maximum efficiency and photosynthesis. However, the seed treatment did not prevent a decline in yield in the maize genotype and stress conditions used. On the other hand, T34 reduced the percentage disease incidence by up to 13% and enhanced the final yield per plant in some maize genotypes with different levels of disease tolerance. In cucumber, T34 load in the rhizosphere was 10(6) CFU/g DW at the end of the crop cycle and it increased the early flower count and early fruit yield in male and female parental lines of cucumber in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, in the hybrid, T34 increased total fruit yield, mean fruit weight and diameter. Finally, seeds from T34-treated plants showed a modified bacteriome, with fewer Proteobacteria and more Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes than seeds from control plants.
37
JIAN, WEI-MING, and 簡偉明. "Immunodetection of cucumber mosaic virus 3A protein expressed in plant." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72965204493554713940.
Повний текст джерела
38
CHANG, CHIN-YANG, and 張晉揚. "The Construction and Evaluation of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Plant Factory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ffddd8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
分子生物科技學系碩士班
106
Cucumber is one of the most economic vegetable worldwide. It also is one of the highest pesticide residues crops. For maintaining cucumber quality, high frequencies of pesticide spray were applied for cucumber cultivation. This study's aim was to produce the high quality cucumber with pesticide-free. Plant factory is a better approach to produce crops under correctly controlling plant growth conditions. The results showed that cucumber plants grew vigor under plant factory. By measuring and correcting pH and EC values, the hydroponic solutions was maintained optimal conditions for plant growing. The first fruit was harvested the thirty days after planting. We compared different thinning treatments on fruit quantity and quality. (1) 219 numbers of fruit and 28.2 Kg of total fresh weight were harvested three months after planting under control (non-thinning) treatment. (2) 529 numbers of fruit and 63 Kg of total fresh weight were harvested four months after planting under thinning treatment. (3) 143 numbers of fruit and 8.6 Kg of total fresh weight were harvested one month after planting under the special treatment. The radios of straight and curved fruit were 9:1 in special treatment, 7:3 in thinning treatment and 6:4 in control treatment, respectively. Finally, we alsocompared varied numbers of main shoot on yield. The results showed that tree numbers of main shoot was the best yield. Keywords：Plant factory, Cucumber, Yield assessment, Fruit quality
39
Hongtrakul, Tawatchai. "Attractivity of plant volatiles and a semichemical-based bait to the western spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The adult western spotted cucumber beetle (WSCB), Diabrotica undecimpunctata
undecimpunctata Mannerheim is considered a major pest of snap beans grown for
processing in Western Oregon. Control consists of 1 or 2 insecticide sprays prior to
harvest. A commercial semiochemical-based insecticide bait, Adios TIC��, 1.3% carbaryl
+ 5% buffalo gourd root powder + 0.7% TIC mixture (1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, indole,
and trans-cinnamaldehyde, 1:1:1), was evaluated for the control of WSCB in commercial
snap beans. Adios TIC�� did not result in improved WSCB control as reflected by
number of beetles and pod damage.
Twenty one plant volatile compounds were evaluated for their attractivity to
WSCB in snap bean and squash fields by comparing the number of beetles caught on
sticky traps in 1 to 3 day periods. The chemicals beta-ionone, benzyl alcohol, and indole
consistently attracted significantly more beetles than unbaited traps. An equal part of
these chemicals caught more WSCB than those baited with any of the two component mixture blends or even individual components. Captures of WSCB increased
significantly as doses of the 1Bb mixture in trap increased. Baited traps placed inside and
at the edge of alfalfa fields caught similar numbers of WSCB. More WSCB were caught
on traps inside than outside fields. Traps baited with the 1Bb mixture placed at canopy
level or at 10-15 cm above canopy caught equal numbers of WSCB. Traps below plant
canopy caught fewer WSCB. Most WSCB were caught from 10:00 to 13:00 hrs and
from 16:00 to 18:00 hrs. Fresh preparations of IBb were the most attractive to the beetle.
The majority of WSCB attracted by the IBb mixture were males (���80%). Its individual
components, indole and benzyl alcohol attracted mostly females (���73% and 70%
respectively), beta-ionone attracted mostly males (���80%).Graduation date: 1998
40
Scherf, Andrea. "Licorice, cucumber, downy mildew: tracing the secret Interactions between the plant extract, the host and the pathogen." Phd thesis, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/2995/1/Disse_scherf_komplett_09.06.2012.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In ancient times, right after they started to domesticate plants, humans had to become plant protectors. The first protection strategies were mainly against herbivorous animals of any kind, arthropods as well as vertebrates. Thousands of years later humans discovered microorganisms like bacteria and fungi and soon correlated them with the disease they, their livestock and their plants had to suffer. The control agents they used against plant pests were mainly inorganic substances such as sulfur, arsenic or mercury. Their own diseases, in contrast, were fought with medicinal plants for thousands of years, more or less successfully.
After problems caused by chemical pesticides, like DDT, became obvious (enrichment in the food chain and with that in the human tissues as well), the search for alternatives started.
In more recent times more and more scientific studies investigate the potential of medicinal plants as plant protection agents.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of ethanolic extract of leaves of the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) as a control agent against one of the main pests in cucumbers, the Oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (downy mildew).
The first question addressed was:
Has the licorice extract a potential as alternative control agent, not only in the laboratory, but also under commercial conditions in greenhouses?
The second question addressed was:
If it shows a potential, what is the active ingredient?
And the final question addressed was:
What is the mode of action?
Under semi-commercial conditions the licorice extract has a high potential as control agent against cucumber downy mildew (efficacy up to 83.0%, application interval 7 -11 days, 3% extract concentration). Besides this, in semi-commercial trials a dark green color of licorice extract treated plants was observed.
The crude licorice extract was fractionated by shake-out procedure in 6 fractions. The active ingredient was found to be part of extract fraction F6, which contains acidic substances. This fraction reached efficacies up to 97.6% in bioassays on treated cumber plants. Three flavanoids were detected in sub-fractions of fraction F6 and identified as glabranin, licoflavanon and pinocembrin. All three are known for their antimicrobial effect and were effective against another Oomycete, Phytophthora infestans in in vitro assays. Also, it is known that G. glabra extract kills zoospores of P. cubenis in vitro (Schuster et al. 2010) which may be due to the detected flavanoids. However, the effect of fraction F6 is not explainable by the action of the antimicrobials glabranin, licoflavanon and pinocembrin alone. Sub-fractions not containing those three substances showed efficacies up to 89.2%.
This together with the observed dark green color of treated plants in semi-commercial trials led to the assumption that licorice leaf extract has not only a direct effect on the pathogen but influences the plant itself. This assumption was supported by the finding of elevated chlorophyll and anthocyanin content in treated plants and a positive effect on the stress indicator chlorophyll fluorescence. Even in highly infected fraction F6 treated plants (disease severity 92.5%) the Fv/Fm value (0.80) was stable during the whole measuring period, whereas the Fv/Fm value of also highly infected water treated plants decreased (disease severity 100.0%) from 0.80 to 0.69 in the same time.
Furthermore, an elevated H2O2 level in the leaf tissues of licorice extract treated uninfected cucumber plants and an up-regulation of PR-1 mRNA could be found. The level of PR-1 mRNA was approximately 4 times higher than in water treated plants. Both, an elevated H2O2 level and an up-regulation of Pr-1mRNA expression are strong indicators for induced resistance. Since PR-1 has antifungal activity, this high amount of PR-1 is a possible explanation for inhibition of germ tube growth of P. cubensis zoospores on licorice treated leaf discs found in this thesis. The germ tube length on water treated leaf discs was 17.3-26.6 µm, whereas the germ tube length on licorice treated leaf disc was only 1.6-6.4 µm.
Based on these results it was concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of G. glabra is a highly potent control agent against cucumber downy mildew (P. cubensis) and its mode of action is a combination of direct effects on the pathogen development and induced resistance.
41
Serce, Sedat. "The effect of plant habit and leaf size on water stress tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37751898.html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-63).
42
Ko, Yu-Tien, and 蓋玉恬. "Effect of different calcium concentration and root temperature treatment on plant growth and yield of cucumber ‘Hsia Di’(Cucumis sativus L.)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64154933824594346121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
96
Experiments were conducted to study the effects of different root temperatures and calcium concentration on growth and physiological response of cumber ‘Hsia Di’(Cucumis sativus L.) grown in soilless culture. Different calcium concentration at 140 and 70 ppm in Yamasaki’s nutrition formulation and day/night temperature of 35/28℃ and 28/21℃ were tested in the experiment. Results indicated that both root and shoot dry weight of plants grown in 35/28℃ and 70 ppm of calcium decreased significantly as compared to those in lower temperature and higher calcium concentration. The Ca contents of plants in lower day/night temperature were observed less affected by nutrient solution with lower calcium concentration. The Ca contents of the lower leaves and upper leaves of the plants grown in 28/21℃ were 6.04 % and 2.21 % while those of plants in 35/28℃ were 4.4 % and 1.4 % , respectively. Both treatments of root temperature control at 26℃ or medium mulch mulching with PE film had the effects of increase above ground fresh weight and leaf area, and higher Ca contents in upper leaves and xylem exudates. Under lower temperature condition of 29/21℃, the Ca contents in xylem exudates were little affected by lowering the Ca concentration from 140 ppm to 70 ppm. However, those of plants in un-mulched and mulched media decreased 44 ppm and 89 ppm, respectively, when the Ca concentration supply were decreased from 140 ppm to 70 ppm. It is postulated that the control of root temperature at 26℃ enhanced the calcium absorption by roots the transport to above ground parts than did other treatments. Hence, focusing on more effective and economical methods to lower the medium temperature during the hot summer season will be the main aims in future study.
43
Basson, Jo-Anne. "The relative effectiveness of homeopathic preparations of pythium spp. compared to Previcur (Propamocarb), in the control of pythium root rot (damping off) in cabbage and cucumber seedlings." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertation submitted in part compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homeopathy, Technikon Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2002.The purpose of this study was to expand on the foundations laid by previous homeopathic research, using controlled agricultural experiments as an objective disease system. More specifically, these trials were to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of a fungicide (Previcur') against homeopathic preparations of a plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium, on seedlings infected with this fungus. Pythium is a worldwide problem and continues to cause substantial crop losses. Few chemical methods are available to control this disease and alternatives are being sought which are more cost-effective, safer for the environment and do not lead to pathogenic resistance. Relatively few trials using Homeopathy in plant pathology have been done to date. Furthermore, many of the earlier trials proved to have little scientific credibility, due to poor methods and insufficient data. More recent trials have shown interesting results, which have opened the doors for further investigation. This study compared the effects of Previcur\xAEagainst Homeopathic preparations of Pythium, on infected cabbage and cucumber seedlings. There were 28 trays for each crop and seven treatments per crop: four Homeopathic treatments (9CH, 15CH, 30CH and 200CH), two controls (one inoculated and the other un-inoculated) and Previcur'. The seedlings were treated twice weekly, using a 2.5ml drench per seedling, and were harvested three weeks after planting. The trial was run twice, in succession. Based on the nature of Pythium and the disease it causes, four parameters were measured in this trial. To assess the germination rate, the seedlings were counted three days after planting, to establish how many had broken the surface soil. To assess survival rate, the seedlings were counted at the time of harvesting. To assess growth, the seedlings were initially weighed wet (immediately after harvesting) and then dry (after 24 hours in an oven at 50\xB0C). The data was analysed by two methods: the General Linear Models Procedure (GLMP) produced ANOVA tables, which compared the variation between the four replicates of each of the seven treatments. The data was also analysed with the Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. The results showed that Previcur®consistently produced the best or second best results, in terms of mean wet and dry weights, which was evident in the statistical analysis. However, a noticeable trend emerged with the 30CH treatment: it provided the lowest mean weights in seven of the eight parameters measured while showing evidence of consistent statistical significance from the other treatments throughout both trials. The implications were that this treatment had either enhanced the disease process or had suppressed plant growth. Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. This trial raised issues regarding the effects of homeopathy on disease, as well as the internal mechanisms of disease control within plant structures. Further research into this area is encouraged, to further the platform already laid by statistically valid trials done thus far.
M
44
Shibata, Reiko. "The relationships between plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus dynamics in the hyphae." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Two experiments were conducted to find diversity in plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi: positively and negatively/non-responsive combinations. Medic (Medicago truncatula L.) tomato (Solanum esculentum L.), leek (Allium porrum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were inoculated with Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora calospora. It was found that soil differences critically affect plant responses to AM fungi.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1283734
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2007
45
Shibata, Reiko. "The relationships between plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus dynamics in the hyphae." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two experiments were conducted to find diversity in plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi: positively and negatively/non-responsive combinations. Medic (Medicago truncatula L.) tomato (Solanum esculentum L.), leek (Allium porrum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were inoculated with Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora calospora. It was found that soil differences critically affect plant responses to AM fungi.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2007
46
Sega, Davide. "FePO4 nanoparticles as a source of nutrients for plants: synthesis and evaluation of their effects on hydroponically grown cucumber and maize seedlings." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/977172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of crops is typically low, in particular referring to the uptake of nutrients applied through fertilizers. A strategy to improve the NUE could be the development of new and more efficient fertilizers. A promising field in order to achieve this goal could be the use of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are widely used in medical and pharmaceutical fields, but their application in agriculture and in particular in plant nutrition is at its infancy. A continuous method of FePO4 nanoparticles (FePO4 NPs) synthesis based on the extremely fine and rapid mixing of a FeCl3 solution with a K2HPO4 solution in a mixing chamber was tested for its effectiveness with a laboratory-made system. The proof-of-concept could produce FePO4 particles smaller than 100 nm, reaching the threshold of 50% of particles smaller of 100 nm, a value that is recommended by the European Union for the definition of nanomaterial. A pilot plant for the continuous FePO4 NPs synthesis was set up, using two dosing pumps for solutions pumping, and an HPLC mixing tee as mixing chamber. The system could produce 15 L•h-1 of raw FePO4 NPs suspension. Purification through dyalisis was optimized, together with a stabilization method of FePO4 NPs, called citrate capping, based on the adding of tribasic potassium citrate and thorough vortexing, in order to reduce aggregation and sedimentation of particles on long time periods. FePO4 NPs were then tested for their effectiveness as source of P and Fe on two hydroponically grown crop species, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and maize (Zea mays). The experiments were designed in order to evaluate the effect of FePO4 NPs as source of both nutrients, or source of sole P and Fe. For this reason, as negative controls were used plants grown without P (-P), without Fe (-Fe), or without both nutrients (-P-Fe). In addition, in order to analyze if the size of FePO4 particles could cause different effects on plants, we included in the experiment a treatment with non-nanometric FePO4 (bulk FePO4). The results showed that nano-sized FePO4 improved the availability of P and Fe, if compared to the non-nano counterpart, as demonstrated by SPAD indexes of leaves and the determination of nutrients concentrations in tissues. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations on cucumber roots treated with FePO4 NPs revealed that these particles did not enter into the plant, suggesting as mechanism of delivery of nutrients the dissolution in the apoplast. Gene expression analysis of homologs of AtPHR1, a key regulator of the response to P starvation in Arabidopsis, revealed in cucumber an upregulation of Csa3M608690 in plants grown with FePO4 NPs. The transcriptional behavior of Csa1M024210, homologs of AtBTS, suggested that plants grown with both forms of FePO4 are, with respect of Fe, in good nutritional conditions thus confirming physiological parameters. For maize, the negative modulation of ZmFER-Like gene in response to all treatments suggested a minor role of this gene in the regulation of Fe homeostasis in this plant species, while the upregulation of ZmIRO2 in plants grown with both forms of FePO4 confirmed the sub-optimal nutritional state of the plants.
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Cheng, Hao-Wen, and 鄭浩文. "Development and application of epitope tags system derived from the plant-infecting Tospovirus and establishment of an in-vivo Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus vector." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80123460471410021713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立中興大學
植物病理學系所
102
The protein-protein interaction influences existence and behavior of the biological phenomenon. Epitope tagging is a technique that a known epitope is fused to recombinant proteins by genetic cloning. It is useful to characterize and monitor newly discovered proteins and existing proteins without the need for specific antibodies. One of the important applications of epitope-tagging is co-immunoprecipitaion. In this technique, a tagged-protein is immunoprecipitated with an anti-tag antibody to pull down proteins interacting directly with the tagged-protein. The power of this technique has contributed greatly to investigate protein-protein interactions involved in particular biological phenotypes. In recent years, abundant plant genome information has become available through genome sequencing analysis. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful and efficient tool to investigate gene functions in plants because of its rapidness and high-throughput. A recombinant virus for VIGS can deliver a fragment of plant gene into plant cells for inducing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) on the targeted endogenous gene to knock-down or abolish the related functions. Cucumber green mild mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a member of Tobamovirus, which infects cuburbit with high titers. The gene expression strategy of this virus makes it an ideal VIGS vector to be used for the cucurbitaceous plants. In this dissertation, Chapter 1 is the literature review describing the above relevant studies. Chapter 2 describes the development of an efficient tag derived from the common epitope of tospoviral NSs proteins for monitoring recombinant proteins expressed in both bacterial and plant systems. NSscon (23 aa), a common epitope in the gene silencing suppressor NSs proteins of the members of the Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) serogroup, was previously identified. In this investigation, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused with different deletions of NSscon were expressed in bacteria and reacted with NSscon monoclonal antibody (MAb). Our results indicated that the core 9 amino acids of NSscon, “109KFTMHNQIF117”, denoted as “nss”, retained the reactivity of NSscon. In bacterial pET system, four different recombinant proteins labeled with nss, either at N- or C-extremes, were readily detectable without position effects, with sensitivity superior to that for the polyhistidine-tag. When the nss-tagged Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) helper component-protease (HC-Pro) and WSMoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) were transiently expressed by agroinfiltration in tobacco, they were readily detectable and the tag’s possible efficacy for gene silencing suppression was not noticed. Co-immunoprecipitation of nss-tagged and non-tagged proteins expressed from bacteria confirmed the interaction of potyviral HC-Pro and coat protein. Thus, we conclude that this novel nss sequence is highly valuable for tagging recombinant proteins in both bacterial and plant expression systems. This chapter has been published in Journal of Biotechnology, 2013. Chapter 3 describes the identification of a conserved epitope of NP of Euro-America type tospoviruses and its application as an eitope tag for recombinant proteins. The antisera prepared against the abundant tospoviral NSs or NP in infected tissues have widely been used as the main serological tools for the detection of vital tospoviruses. The MAb 20C4C8, prepared in this study against TSWV NP, was found to be able to recognize most of the Euro-American type tospoviruses at a conserved epitope of NP. The MAb 20C4C8-recognizable short peptide “211KGKEYA216”, designated tnp, trimmed from the conserved epitope of TSWV NP was used for tagging recombinant proteins expressed in the bacterial system. Using MAb 20C4C8, the tnp-tag was further applied in co-immunoprecipitation for verifying the interaction between ZYMV CP and HC-Pro. Furthermore, bacteria expressed recombinant proteins were tagged and characterized with both nss-tag and tnp-sequence, and these two tags performed amicably. Taken together, the 6 amino acid tnp-tag (KGKEYA) can be efficiently applied in bacterial expression system for monitoring recombinant proteins. Also, the tnp-tag can be coupled with the nss-tag to form a novel epitope tag system for the study of protein-protein interactions. Chapter 4 describes the elucidation of the full-length sequence and development of a Taiwan strain of CGMMV as an in vivo plant virus vector. CGMMV is a cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus, with a genome of ss(+) RNA of 6423 nucleotides. The gene expression strategy of CGMMV makes it a good candidate to be constructed as a VIGS vector for cucurbitaceous plants. Following sequencing, the full-length cDNA of CGMMV was cloned into an Agrobacterium binary vector, driven by a Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and terminated by a Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme sequence for generation of the exact 3'' end of CGMMV RNA. When the constructed full-length cDNA clone pk-CG was introduced into tobacco, horn melon, cucumber and watermelon plants by agroinfiltration, symptoms similar to those induced by the wild type virus were noticed and the infection was confirmed by ELISA with CGMMV antiserum. The transcription start site for the CP sub-genomic (sg) RNA was determined by 5'' RACE; the result indicated that the promoter is 13 bases upstream of the start codon of CP open reading frame (ORF). The pk-CG was mutated at CP ORF (+52) by site-direct mutagenesis to create a NcoI site for in-frame insertion of the GFP ORF. The constructed CGMMV recombinant carrying the fused GFP was introduced into tobacco plants by agroinfiltration and the expression of GFP was observed in the infiltrated leaves. However, the numbers of GFP expression foci were low. The CGMMV vector with different heterologous promoters derived from other tobamoviruses expressed GFP at higher levels in the infiltrated leaves, but systemic spread was not observed. In addition, the multiple cloning sites were also created between CP ORF and 3'' UTR for carrying foreign DNA fragment, but the recombinant was not stable. In conclusion, CGMMV vector is able to express GFP in the initially infected cells of infiltrated leaves and its systemic translocation remains to be further improved. Taken all together, the main purposes of this dissertation were directed to develop epitope tag system from the plant-infecting tospoviruses and to generate a cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus vector. Small epitope tags are useful to detect and analyze protein functions. The two small epitope tags from tospoviral proteins are immunodetectable with high specificity and they do not interfere with protein functions. Thus our results indicate that they are valuable for monitoring recombinant proteins. On the other hand, we have also developed a cucurbit-infecting CGMMV vector, even though the vector needs to be further improved for its efficacy as a VIGS inducer. Nevertheless, the CGMMV vector is still valuable for studying the plant-virus interaction, such as viral cell-to-cell movement in cucurbits. Finally, the two tospoviral epitope tags and the CGMMV vector can be further incorporated to increase their feasibility for many studies.
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DOUL, Lukáš. "Škůdci rychlených okurek a rajčat - informační a výukový systém." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diploma work is based on constructing of electronic informative system about greenhouse growns damaging pests - growtheal vegetables, concretely forced on forwarding cucumbers and tomatoes. The aim of diploma work is to make out the given information system with division of pests according to kind of the growth, place of damage and integrated locator of pests based on their Czech or Latin title, eventually based on information about pests and bioagens. The system contains detailed information about individual pests, their bionomii, enlargement and protection, including the biological protection. A part of this informative system is a large number of photographs of individual pests, biological preparations or injured plants with apparent symptoms.
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Ballar��, Carlos L. "Photomorphogenic processes in the agricultural environment." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35773.
Повний текст джерела
50
Ho, Hsiu-Yin, and 何琇銀. "Development of transgenic watermelon plants with multiple resistance to Cucumber mosaic-、Cucumber green mottle mosaic- and Watermelon mosaic viruses." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23150203013240623582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士中興大學
農藝學系所
95
Watermelon is an important commercial crop in Taiwan and is prone to attack by several plant viruses. Previous studies have shown that transgenic plants with multiple viral gene fragments linked to an universal silencer DNA can provide resistance to multiple virus via posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). In this study, similar approach was used to develop transgenic watermelon plants resistant to three different viruses via gene silencing. Transformation constructs with selection marker gene and targer gene either in the same T-DNA or in different T-DNAs containing a silencer DNA from the partial N gene of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) fused to the partial coat protein genes of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) were generated and used to transform watermelon plant via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of twenty-five trnasgenic lines were generated and confirmed by PCR amplification of selection marker gene. Southern blot was used for analyzing the copy number of the target gene inserted the genome of each transgenic watermelon plant. Transgenic watermelon plants were challenged with CMV, CGMMV, WMV or a mixture of these three viruses to evaluate the multiple virus resistance. Among the twenty-five tested lines, three lines showed resistant to CGMMV and WMV. Among these three resistant lines, two were also resistant to CMV and mixed inoculation of three viruses. The result of northern blotting of transgenic watermelon plants showed a correlation between the resistant phenotype and low accumulation level of target gene RNA transcripts. Our preliminary results indicate that transgenic watermelon carrying the fusion of different viral CP gene fragments can provide multiple virus resistance. R1 seeds from the self-pollinated resistant R0 plants were obtained and will be used to evaluate the broad-spectrum resistance to CMV, CGMMV, WMV and WSMoV.