Статті в журналах: "Cu-based alloy"

1

Suprapto, Wahyono, Zuliantoni, Putu Hadi Setyarini, Femiana Gapsari, Sudjito, and Yudy Surya Irawan. "Corrosion Resistance Analysis of Al-Cu, Al-Zn and Al-Cu-Zn Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 935 (November 30, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-04p5jx.

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Anticipating an alloy's corrosion resistance is essential to avoid product failure and reduce costs. Research and analyze the corrosion resistance of Al-Cu, Al-Zn and Al-Cu-Zn alloys based on the analytical balance of the elements according to weight, thermodynamic, metallurgical rules on metal alloys, kinetic and other properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of Al-5-wt% Cu, Al-5-wt% Zn and Al-5-wt% Cu-5-wt% Zn alloys based on the analytical calculation. Based on the analytical calculation results, the Al-Zn-Cu alloy has the best corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.4375 mmpy. Next is the Al-Cu alloy with a corrosion rate of 0.4634 mmpy. While Al-Zn alloy has the lowest strength with a corrosion rate of 0.4828 mmpy. Based on standard EMF potential values for these three alloys. Al-Zn alloys are most active with an value of-1.61 V, followed by Al-Zn-Cu alloys with an value of - 1.60 V, and the noblest Al-Cu alloy has the most positive value of-1.56 V. Faraday's law to get corrosion rates of the anode and cathode materials. In the third reaction, the exothermic alloy has a positive value of so the exothermic reaction occurs.

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2

Liu, Dong Mei, Qiang Song Wang, Wei Yuan, and Xu Jun Mi. "A Comparative Study on the Friction and Wear Properties of Three Different Copper Alloys." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.205.

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A comparative study on the friction and wear properties of three kinds of copper alloys, including Cu-Ni based, Cu-Al and Cu-Be alloys was carried out in this study. The friction pair was stainless steel, and both dry and MoS2 lubrication friction experiments were investigated. During the experiments, different loads were chosen for different alloys. It was found that under dry friction condition, the friction coefficients of both Cu-Ni based and Cu-Al alloys did not change as the loads changes, whereas the friction coefficient of Cu-Be alloy increased as the loads increases. Under lubrication friction condition, the friction coefficients of all three alloys did not change as the load changes. The results show that the dry friction coefficient of Cu-Ni based alloy was the largest (0.74), the Cu-Al alloy next (0.60), and the Cu-Be alloy had the smallest dry friction coefficient (0.54). The lubrication friction coefficient of Cu-Ni based and Cu-Be was equal and relatively smaller (0.12), whereas the Cu-Al alloy had a relative larger lubrication friction coefficient (0.27). The microstructure observations were consistent with the friction and wear performance, and the SEM results show that different wear mechanisms were dominated for different alloys.

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3

Cao, Peng Jun, Ji Ling Dong, and Hai Dong Wu. "Research on Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys and its Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.127.

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High-strength Cu-based bulk glassy alloys with a large supercooled liquid region in Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni systems were prepared by means of copper mold casting. The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys samples were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron testing machine. The result indicates, the maximum diameter was 5.0 mm for the Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 bulk glassy alloy. The temperature interval of supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) is as large as 45.48-70.98 K for the Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy. The Cu-based glassy alloys rods exhibited the very high mechanical properties and the distinct plastic strains. The compressive fracture strength is 2155 MPa, 2026 MPa and 1904 MPa respectively for Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The Vickers hardness is respectively 674, 678 and 685 for the Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The addition Co element to Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy expand the ΔTx, the ΔTx is 74.5 K for Cu50Zr22Ti18Ni6Co4 bulk glassy alloys.

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4

Cai, An-hui, Xiang Xiong, Yong Liu, Yong Zhou, Wei-ke An, and Yun Luo. "Regular Cu-based amorphous alloy powder." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 497, no. 1-2 (May 2010): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.018.

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5

Cao, Peng Jun, Ji Ling Dong, Hai Dong Wu, and Pei Geng Fan. "Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1143.

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The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys in Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni systems were prepared by means of copper mold casting. The structure and corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemistry method, lost weight method. The result indicates the supercooled liquid temperature interval (ΔTx) is up to 70.98 K for Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10bulk glassy alloy. The maximum diameter was up to 5.0 mm for the Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5bulk glassy alloy. For electrochemistry corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution, self-corrosion electric current density of the Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10bulk glassy alloys is obviously lower than that of stainless steel and brass, so corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys is better than stainless steel and brass at the same corrosion condition. The lost weight method showed that the corrosion rate of brass, stainless steel and glassy alloy is respectively 10.08 g/(m2•h), 6.08 g/(m2•h) and 2.19 g/(m2•h) in the 3% NaCl solution, which also indicates that the corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys is better than stainless steel and brass. The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys can be used in the special field demanding to have the super high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.

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6

Xie, Ming Yu, Si Hai Ao, and Xiang Wang. "Effect of Al5Ti1B Master Alloy on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-5wt.%Cu based Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.195.

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The Al-5wt.%Cu based alloy with different levels of Al5Ti1B master alloy additions have been prepared by conventional casting method. The effect of Al5Ti1B contents on microstructure of Al-Cu based alloy was studied by means of XRD, OM and SEM. The results show that when the addition level of Al5Ti1B master alloy is less than 0.6wt.%, the average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of Al5Ti1B content. But the grain size increases somewhat with further addition of Al5Ti1B. It is considered that TiB2 particles can serve as the heterogeneous nucleation sites of α-Al during solidification, and heterogeneous nucleation is the main reason of the grain refinement of Al-Cu based alloy. The superior comprehensive mechanical properties of tensile strength of 435 MPa and elongation of 11% of the refined Al-5wt.%Cu based alloy with 0.6% Al5Ti1B were obtained after solution and aging treatment.

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7

Li, Min, Lan Rong Cai, and Peng Xin Liu. "The Effect of Y on Microstructure and Properties of Al-5wt.%Cu Based Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.227.

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There is a great attention to the usage rate of Al-Cu alloys due to the largely use of Al-5%Cu based alloys in the aerospace industry in the past decades. The improvement of microstructure and properties of Al-5%Cu based alloy by refinement and modification. Specially, the refinement and modification of Al-Cu alloy can be achieved by addition of rare earth. In this paper, the effect of Y on the microstructure and properties of Al-5%Cu based alloy was investigated. The results show that θ (Al2Cu) phases change from mesh structure into fish-bone shape and grains are refined. Y additions promoted the end-solidification temperature and decreased the quantity of eutectic in grain boundaries, and narrowed the crystallization range and increased the hot-tearing resistance and decreased the hot-tearing susceptibility significantly.

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8

Sun, Yuqing, Gaolei Xu, Xue Feng, Lijun Peng, Guojie Huang, Haofeng Xie, Xujun Mi, and Xinhua Liu. "Effect of Ag on Properties, Microstructure, and Thermostability of Cu–Cr Alloy." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 5386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235386.

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Cu–Cr-based alloys exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and strength, but their poor thermal stability limits their application in industry. In this paper, Cu–0.2Cr (at. %) and Cu–0.2Cr–0.12Ag (at. %) alloys were prepared to study the effect of Ag on the properties, microstructure, and thermal stability of the Cu–Cr alloy. Microstructure and precipitation were observed by an optical microscope (OM) and a transmission–electron microscope (TEM). After cold-drawing by 99.9% and aging at 450 °C for 2 h, the peak hardness and electric conductivity of the Cu–Cr alloy were 120.3 HV and 99.5% IACS, respectively, and those of the Cu–Cr–Ag alloy were 135.8 HV and 98.3% IACS, respectively. The softening temperature of the Cu–Cr alloy was 500~525 °C, and that of the Cu–Cr–Ag alloy was about 550 °C. The creep strains of the Cu–Cr and Cu–Cr–Ag alloys at 40 MPa and 400 ℃ for 50 h were 0.18% and 0.05%, respectively. Ag elements improved the thermal stability of the Cu–Cr alloy. Recovery and recrystallization occurred before the coarsening of precipitates during the softening process. Ag atoms mainly improved the softening resistance of the alloy by delaying recrystallization, and mainly increased creep resistance by preventing the increase in mobile-dislocation density.

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9

Niemi, L., E. Minni, and A. Ivaska. "An Electrochemical and Multispectroscopic Study of Corrosion of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au Alloys." Journal of Dental Research 65, no. 6 (June 1986): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345860650060401.

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Corrosion of a multi-phase Ag-Pd-Cu-Au-based commercial dental casting alloy and a Cu-Pd-rich and Ag-rich single-phase alloy was studied by open-circuit potential measurements, atomic absorption spectrometry, and electron spectroscopy. The alloys were immersed in an artificial saliva solution for 24 hr while the open-circuit potentials of the alloys were measured. The potentials were found to stabilize at certain levels after a steep rise during the first hours of the experiment. Cu was found to dissolve considerably from the Cu-Pd-rich alloy, with simultaneous enrichment of Pd in the surface layer of the alloy. Ag dissolved slightly from the Ag-rich alloy, but both Cu and Ag were found to dissolve from the multi-phase alloy. Neither Pd nor Au dissolved from any of the alloys studied.

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10

Kaneko, Daisuke, Mahoto Takeda, Takanari Nakajima, and Naokuni Muramatsu. "The Influence of Alloy Composition and Heat-Treatments on the Shape Memory Properties in a Cu-Sn-X Alloy." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1282.

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We have focused on shape-memory properties of Cu-Sn based ternary alloys in this study. We have attempted to suppress degradation at room temperature aging and to improve the amount of shape recovery by adding the third element to a binary Cu-Sn alloy. The attempt has successfully conducted in Cu-Sn-Mn alloy, the degradation due to aging at room temperature was suppressed and the thermal stability was improved. Furthermore, the present study revealed that Cu-Sn-Mn alloy exhibited a large super elastic recovery in three point bending tests. We have also investigated the shape-memory properties of Cu-Sn-Si alloys and revealed that the ternary alloy has achieved super-elastic recovery better than the Cu-Sn-Mn alloy in the three-point bending tests.

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11

Xiong, Huihui, Yingying Ma, Haihui Zhang, and Liyong Chen. "Design of Cu–Cr Alloys with High Strength and High Ductility Based on First-Principles Calculations." Metals 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091406.

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Designing a material to realize the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility is very meaningful to its industrial application. Here, the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were adopted to investigate the stability, elastic properties and Debye temperature of binary Cu–Cr alloys; and the effect of micro-alloying elements on their mechanical properties, including the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Yong’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio σ, was discussed. The elastic constants show that all the studied binary Cu–Cr alloys are mechanically stable, and the Cu–0.7Cr alloy has a combination of good strength and ductility. Moreover, the addition of Ag, Sn, Nb, Ti and Zr can improve the basic properties of Cu–0.7Cr alloy, and the Cu–0.7Cr–1.1Sn possess a large strength combined with improved ductility and strong covalent bonds due to the large Debye temperature. Additionally, the introduction of Y and In further improves the mechanical properties (strength and ductility) of the excellent Cu–0.7Cr–1.1Sn alloy. Our studied results can provide guidance for the theoretical design and experimental improvement of Cu-based alloys.

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12

Nagy, E., Dóra Janovszky, Mária Svéda, Kinga Tomolya, L. K. Varga, Jenő Sólyom, and András Roósz. "Investigation of Crystallization in an Amorphous Cu-Based Alloy by X-Ray." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.131.

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Recently one of the most significant research-field in the development of amorphous alloys is the research of the Cu-based amorphous alloys. The Zr-based alloys developed earlier can be replaced by the newly developed Cu-based alloys as the high price of the Zr-based alloys limits their utilization in spite of their favourable properties. Production of Cu-based alloys having the same or more favourite properties than Zr-based alloys is cheaper and this fact can promote their increasing utilization. Cu-Zr-Ti and Cu-Hf-Ti alloy systems – they are Cu-based alloys – have excellent mechanical properties. In this paper investigations of crystallization of amorphous Cu44,25Zr36Ag14,75Ti5 powder produced by ball milling (these processes have not been investigated yet according to the reference data) are described. In the course of investigation of the crystallization process, samples were heated to a temperature of investigation by means of a DSC equipment and the developed state was frozen by chilling. The investigation of the developed structure and to identify the phases formed during heat treatment, X-ray diffraction method was used.

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13

Krajewski, Paweł K., A. Lindsay Greer, Marek Faryna, and Witold K. Krajewski. "Structural Stability of Novel Multicomponent AlZn-Based Cast Alloy." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.925.

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Structural modification of ternary aluminium – zinc – coper alloys influences their wear properties. In a series of studies, Al – 30 wt. % Zn – 3 wt. % Cu alloy (Al-30Zn-3Cu) has been doped with 1 wt.% Mn introduced with AlMn-based master alloys. The alloy microstructure and mechanical properties have been studied using light and SEM/EBSD microscopy, and measurements of wear resistance and dimensional changes. Reducing Cu content to 3 wt.% and doping with 1 wt.% Mn allows obtaining alloy of significantly refined grains, improved wear resistance and preserved high dimensional stability.

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14

Nwaeju, Cynthia C., Francis O. Edoziuno, Adeolu A. Adediran, Eugene E. Nnuka, and Olanrewaju S. Adesina. "Structural and properties evolution of copper–nickel (Cu–Ni) alloys: a review of the effects of alloying materials." Matériaux & Techniques 109, no. 2 (2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021022.

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Copper–nickel alloy has the potential in sustaining the recent demands in advanced marine engineering applications. It has been found advantageous over other copper alloys due to the unique properties and corrosion resistance they possess. However, the structure of Cu–Ni alloy alone is not sufficient to withstand many applications, as the structure cannot perform efficiently in an aggressive environment. The performance of this alloy inherently depends on carefully select alloying compositions, as the alloying elements are associated with the precipitation of intermetallic particles that will enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when designing the component of Cu–Ni alloys. A combination of alloying elements has been conceptualized in the designing of copper–nickel alloy. This review described the role of alloying elements in modifying the microstructural features through phase transformation and how it affects the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of Cu–Ni based alloys. The effect of alloying elements on the structure and properties of Cu–Ni alloys have been critically summarized based on surveying the works done by authors on this category of structural modification binary Cu–Ni alloy.

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15

Ha, Seong-Ho, Abdul Wahid Shah, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim, and Shae K. Kim. "Effect of Mg on the Oxide Growth of Al–Cu Alloys at Elevated Temperature." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3022.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of Mg on oxide growth of Al-Cu alloys at elevated temperatures. Results show that Al2Cu as eutectic phase was distributed in the as-cast microstructure of Mg-free Al-5 mass%Cu alloy, whereas Al2CuMg_S phase was formed by eutectic reactions with the addition of Mg. Scanning electron microscopy and thermodynamic calculations revealed that after oxidation at 500 °C for 30 h, Al-5 mass%Cu alloy had only slightly oxidized surfaces, whereas significantly grown oxide clusters formed as the Mg content increased. MgO and spinel were the main oxides in the Mg-containing alloys, whereas no Cu-based oxide was involved in the oxidation of the alloys. Only Al2CuMg_S phase contributed to the oxidation of the base metal and the formation of Mg-based oxides. The Al-5 mass%Cu alloy showed no inter-products with Mg-based oxides, including MgO and spinel.

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16

Xia, C. Z., J. Yang, X. P. Xu, and J. S. Zou. "Microstructure and Properties of W–Cu Composite/Fe-Based Powder Alloy Vacuum Brazed Joint with Different Filler Metals." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0258.

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AbstractW–Cu composite and Fe-based powder alloy were brazed with filler metals of Ag–Cu and Cu–Mn–Co alloys in a vacuum furnace. Both of filler metals can join W–Cu composite with Fe-based powder alloy directly in the experiment process. Microstructure, distribution of elements and fracture morphology were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) methods, and phase composition of bonding area was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results indicated that the smooth faying surface and dense microstructure of brazed joint were formed and the primary microstructure of brazing seam were, respectively, Ag(Cu) solid solution and Cu(Mn) solid solution, which ensured forming the stable connection of brazed joint. The bending strength of Ag-based and Cu-based brazed joint can, respectively, reach to 317 and 704 MPa, where fracture showed a typical ductile fracture characteristic. The fracture of Cu-based brazed joint located at brazing seam area, and the fracture of Ag-based brazed joint occurred in Fe-based powder alloy side.

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17

Lu, Yang, Hong Feng Dong, and Wen Sheng Li. "Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Cu-Co-Based Alloys Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1757.

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Cu–Co–based alloys are the new generation of metal matrix for diamonds by powder metallurgy processed cutting tools. These alloys are created with the purpose of reducing the cobalt content in diamond tools. Cu-Co-based alloys matrix were fabricated using a hot pressing process at the temperature of 710°C , 750°С and 790°С by 15 MPa. Structures formed during sintering were studied by XRD and WDS. Micro-structural aspects were observed by EPMA. Densification, hardness, yield strength and compressive yield strength were performed. The results showed as follows: Cu-Co-based alloy matrix is composed by gray pre-alloyed particles, Cu-Sn binary solid solution, copper-rich phase and interface between particles and matrix; The higher sintering temperature, the more dendrite phase, in addition, the diffusion of carbon occurs; the holding force from matrix to particles becomes larger and the distribution of particles becomes more uniform; As the sintering temperature increased, the mechanical properties of Cu-Co-based alloy matrix enhanced.

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18

Chen, Yan, Hong Hua Su, Yu Can Fu, and Z. C. Guo. "Investigation of Interface Microstructure of Diamond and Ti Coated Diamond Brazed with Cu-Sn-Ti Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.199.

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Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloys are gaining importance as active brazing alloys for brazing diamond tools. The microstructure at the interface between diamond or Ti-coated diamond grits and Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloy and bonding strength have been investigated in this paper. The results show that TiC layer forms between diamond and alloy matrix during the brazing process and Sn- and Ti-based intermetallic phase forms between TiC and the bonding matrix. And compound SnTi3forms between the Ti-coated diamond grits and Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloy. Furthermore, the bonding strength between Ti-coated diamond grits and brazing alloy is higher than that between diamond grits and brazing alloy.

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19

Yamauchi, Akira, Kenta Ida, Masahito Fukuda, and Takuma Yamaguchi. "Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Lead-Free Solder Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 273 (April 2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.273.72.

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The Influence of alloy composition on tensile properties of Sn-Bi, Sn-Bi-Cu and Sn-Bi-Ni lead-free solder alloys were investigated. It is found that the elongation of Sn-Bi alloys depend on Bi content, and Sn-40wt% Bi alloy has the highest elongation. The addition of Cu and Ni improves the ductility of Sn 35-45wt% Bi alloys. The fine microstructure of Sn-Bi-Cu or Ni alloys have an effect on the ductility of Sn-Bi based alloys. The elongation increases with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature. Cu and Ni added to Sn-Bi alloy showed the super plasticity behavior at low strain rate and high temperature (more than 333 K). Moreover, strain rate sensitivity ‘m’ increases with temperature.

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20

Zhang, Qing Sheng, Wei Zhang, Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin, and Akihisa Inoue. "High Glass-Forming Ability and Unusual Deformation Behavior of New Zr-Cu-Fe-Al Bulk Metallic Glasses." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1042.

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A new series of bulk metallic glasses were developed by addition of Fe into the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy. Although Fe-Cu element pair shows distinct immiscibility with a large positive heat of mixing, substitution of Fe for Cu significantly improves the glass-forming ability of the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy. The critical diameter for glass-formation increases from 8 mm for Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy to 20 mm for Zr60Cu25Fe5Al10 and Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloys. As compared with the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy, the new quaternary Zr-Cu-Fe-Al alloys show lower liquidus temperatures. The Zr60Cu25Fe5Al10 and Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloys, the best BMG-formers in this alloy system, are found to locate very near a Zr-Cu-Fe-Al eutectic point. The new Zr-Fe-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses exhibit high strength of about 1700 MPa. The plastic strain increases from 7.8% to 11.3% with increasing the content of Fe from 0 to 12.5%. The finding of a Ni-free Zr-based bulk glassy alloy with the extremely high glass-forming ability is expected to extend the future application of bulk metallic glasses.

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21

Melcioiu, Georgiana, Viorel Aurel Şerban, Mark Ashworth, Cosmin Codrean, Marin Liţă, and Geoffrey D. Wilcox. "An Evaluation of Sn-Cu-Ga and Sn-Cu-Ag Solder Alloys for Applications within the Electronics Industry." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.91.

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Components soldered with Sn-based alloys are susceptible to the growth of whiskers. Tin whiskers have been proven to be responsible for equipment failures in a wide range of industries. In order to reduce defects in electronic components a new solder alloy is proposed based on the Sn-Cu alloys. The Sn-Cu-Ga alloy utilised in this study was fabricated as a ribbons using melt-spinning method. These ribbons were then soldered onto electroplated tin layers. Preliminary characterization of the solder alloy is presented in this paper, including scanning electron microscopy, EDX mapping and X-ray diffraction. Key words: tin whiskers, PCB, printed circuit boards, melt spinning, solder, ribbons

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22

Wang, Jing Song, Shu You Huang, Li Jun Cao, Hao Yan Sun, Jing Hua Wang, and Qing Guo Xue. "Study on Viscosity of Zr-Cu Alloys Based on Viscosity Measurement and Hirai Model." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1100.

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In this paper, the viscosity of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy was measured by using NaF-CaF2 covering slag protection combining rotating cylinder method firstly under non-vacuum melting condition. The curve of viscosity and temperature was acquired stably in the temperature range from 1370K to the liquidus temperature (1208K). According the Arrhenius equation form, the viscosity-temperature relation of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy can be fit as the following equation: （1208K50 alloy can be calculated by the above equation in the range of 1370 to 1208K. The viscosity values of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy calculated by Hirai model are relatively small, so the corrected Hirai model was obtained by the measured viscosity data. The viscosities of molten Zr-Cu alloys can be expressed by the following corrected Hirai model: The viscosities of typical molten Zr-Cu alloys were calculated by the above corrected model. The results showed that the viscosities of Zr-Cu alloys are larger at the respective liquidus temperature. The fundamental data were provided for researching the relationship between viscosities of molten Zr-Cu alloys and amorphous form ability.

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23

Zhang, Jie, Qing Wang, Yingmin Wang, Chunyan Li, Lishi Wen, and Chuang Dong. "Revelation of solid solubility limit Fe/Ni = 1/12 in corrosion resistant Cu-Ni alloys and relevant cluster model." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 2 (February 2010): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0041.

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Minor Fe additions are necessary to enhance the corrosion resistance of commercial Cu-Ni alloys. The present paper aims at optimizing the Fe content in three alloy series Cu90(Ni,Fe)10, Cu80(Ni,Fe)20, and Cu70(Ni,Fe)30 (at.%) from the viewpoint of their corrosion performance in a 3.5% NaCl solution. An Fe/Ni = 1/12 solid solubility limit line was revealed in the Cu-Ni-Fe phase diagram. Three Fe/Ni = 1/12 alloys, Cu90Ni9.23Fe0.77 (at.%) = Cu-8.6Ni-0.7Fe (wt.%), Cu80Ni18.46Fe1.54 = Cu-17.3Ni-1.4Fe, and Cu70Ni27.7Fe2.3 = Cu-26.2Ni-2.1Fe, show the best corrosion performances in their respective alloy series. The Fe/Ni = 1/12 solubility limit is explained by assuming isolated Fe-centered FeNi12 cuboctahedral clusters embedded in a Cu matrix. The three Fe/Ni = 1/12 alloys can be respectively described by cluster formulas [Fe1Ni12]Cu117, [Fe1Ni12]Cu52, and [Fe1Ni12]Cu30.3. The Fe/Ni = 1/12 rule may serve an important guideline in the industrial Cu-Ni alloy selection because above this limit, easy precipitation would negate the corrosion properties of the Cu-Ni-based alloys.

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Yang, Liu, Xiaosong Jiang, Hongliang Sun, Zhenyi Shao, Yongjian Fang, and Rui Shu. "Effects of alloying, heat treatment and nanoreinforcement on mechanical properties and damping performances of Cu–Al-based alloys: A review." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1560–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0101.

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Abstract Cu–Al-based alloys are a kind of new functional material. Due to their unique thermoelastic martensite structure, they have excellent damping performance, which has become a research hotspot in the field of materials science and engineering in recent years. However, the elastic anisotropy and large grain size easily cause a brittle fracture, which is harmful to the mechanical properties of the material. In order to meet the practical needs of engineering, it is an important choice to design Cu–Al-based alloys with excellent mechanical properties and damping performances from the perspective of refining the grain size. When the grain size is small, the effect of fine grain strengthening and interfacial damping can play a role simultaneously to obtain Cu–Al-based alloys with excellent comprehensive properties. In this paper, several common preparation methods of Cu–Al-based alloy are introduced firstly. Then the contributions of researchers in refining grain size from alloying and heat treatment are summarized. Meanwhile, nanomaterials can be used as the reinforcing phase of Cu–Al based alloy, and play a superb role in mechanical properties and damping performances. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the further research of structure-function integrated materials with high strength and high damping simultaneously. Finally, the development of Cu–Al-based alloy from the aspects of 3D printing and numerical simulation is prospected.

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JI, YUNFEI, SHUJIE PANG, CHAOLI MA, and TAO ZHANG. "FORMATION OF La-Al-Ni-Cu-Fe BULK METALLIC GLASSES WITH HIGH GLASS-FORMING ABILITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 2314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921006485x.

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The effect of alloy composition on improving glass-forming ability of La -based alloys is investigated in this work. Previous composition criteria demonstrated that the alloys with high glass-forming ability should have negative heats of mixing among the main constituent elements. In this study, the addition of Fe to a La -based La - Al - Ni - Cu alloy significantly improved the glass-forming ability, although the heat of mixing between Fe and the main element La is positive. La - Al - Ni - Cu - Fe bulk metallic glasses with diameters up to 15 mm were prepared by the method of pouring the molten alloys into a copper mold. These La - Al - Ni - Cu - Fe bulk metallic glasses exhibit relatively wide supercooled liquid region of about 50 k, and high T rg (T g /T l ) and γ(T x /(T g +T l )) values. It is found that the addition of Fe to the La - Al - Ni - Cu alloy lowers the Gibbs free energy difference between the liquid and crystalline phases in the supercooled liquid region and enhances the glass-forming ability of the alloy.

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26

Yuan, Yixiang, Zunyu Ke, Lei Zhang, Yehua Jiang, and Zhengyuan He. "Mechanical, corrosion and antibacterial properties of Ti-13Nb-13Zr-based alloys with various Cu contents." Materials Research Express 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 115403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac2f74.

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Abstract The development of Ti-based alloys with antibacterial properties and a low elastic modulus has become a major focus in recent years in metallic biomaterials. In this paper, the influences of Cu content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Ti-13Nb-13Zr-xCu alloys were systematically discussed. The results showed that the Ti-13Nb-13Zr-xCu alloys were mainly composed of β-Ti, α-Ti, and Cu-containing phases (Ti2Cu, Cu10Zr7 and CuZr). Compared with the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, the compressive strength and yield strength of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr-xCu alloys increased with increasing Cu content, but the elastic modulus decreased. The Ti-13Nb-13Zr-10Cu alloy exhibited high strength and low elastic modulus. The electrochemical experiments showed that the corrosion current density (Icorr) displayed a decreasing trend. The Ti-13Nb-13Zr-10Cu alloy had the lowest corrosion current (1.23 μA cm−2) and passivation current density (2.47 μA cm−2), indicating excellent corrosion resistance. Antibacterial tests showed that the antibacterial rate of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr-xCu alloy with 10 and 13% Cu content against S. aureus and E. coli were over 99.0%. Therefore, it could be deduced that the Ti-13Nb-13Zr-10Cu alloy with excellent mechnical and antibacterial properties had the potential for biomedical applications.

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Yue, Li Jie, Jin Sheng Han, and Kun Xie. "The Microalloying Effects in Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.407.

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The glassy alloy rods of Cu50Zr43Al7, (Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xYx(x=2,5) and (Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xAgx(x=6,7) with diameters of 3.0 mm were prepared by copper mold suction casting method. The influence of adding Ag and Y to Cu50Zr43Al7 metallic glass on glass formation ability (GFA) and thermal stability was studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ag and Y appropriate micro-addition enhance the glass formation ability and thermal stability of the Cu-Zr-Al metallic glass. The effect of Ag is better than that of Y. The addition of Ag causes a increase of the reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) of (Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xAgx alloy from 0.618 at 0 at.% Ag to 0.628 at 7 at.% Ag. The width of the supercooled liquid region of Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7 glassy alloy increases about 25K compared with that of Cu50Zr43Al7, and the γ value of Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7 reaches 0.433. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Cu50Zr43Al7, (Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xYx(x=2,5) and (Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xAgx(x=6,7) metallic glasses in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization method. It is found that corrosion resistance of all amorphous alloys is better than that of the corresponding crystalline alloys. The Ag and Y micro-addition improve corrosion resistance of Cu50Zr43Al7 metallic glass. The corrosion current density of Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7 metallic glass decreases 1~2 orders of magnitude compared with that of Cu50Zr43Al7.

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Wang, Ruoxian, and Erlin Zhang. "Synergistic Effect of Ni and Cu on the Microstructure, Corrosion Properties and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Biomedical Co-Based Alloy." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081322.

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The microstructure, phase component, corrosion resistance, microhardness, and mechanical property of the as-cast CoCrW-(0~5)Ni-(1~4)Cu alloys were investigated to reveal the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microhardness tests, and compression tests. The alloys exhibited coarse grains consisting of dendritic substructures. No precipitate was observed in the alloys, but dendritic segregation of Cu in the interdendritic regions and grain boundaries was observed. The phase component of all alloys consists of γ phase and ε phase; the ε phase fraction decreased with increasing Ni or Cu content. The corrosion resistance of these alloys decreased with increasing Cu content when the Cu content was greater than 1 wt.%. The addition of Cu or Ni reduced the hardness significantly. The compressive yield strength showed an increasing tendency with increasing Cu content, but the influence of Ni content on compressive yield strength was limited. The results demonstrated that it should be feasible to fabricate a new biomedical CoCrWNiCu alloy by regulating Ni and Cu content, which should be a new development direction of Co-based alloy.

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Bae, Chul-Hong, Seong-Ho Ha, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim, Shae K. Kim, and Young-Jig Kim. "Correlation of Surface Oxidation and Mg-Based Intermetallic Phases in Grain Boundaries of Al–Mg Alloys Containing Third Elements." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 2055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18948.

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In this study, the correlation of surface oxidation and Mg-based intermetallic phases in the grain boundary in Al–Mg alloys containing third elements was investigated. The experimental results were examined by phase diagrams plotted as a function of oxygen partial pressure determined by thermodynamic calculation. The addition of Si and Cu as third elements into the Al–7 mass%Mg alloy formed Mg-based secondary phases during solidification. The 1 mass% Cu addition formed three different types of Mg-based intermetallic compounds. From weight gains by oxidation, all samples exhibited their weight gains depending on time. The Si-added alloy showed a considerably lower weight gain and maintained a nearly constant weight, while the weight gain of the Al–7 mass%Mg–1 mass%Cu alloy was significantly greater than those of other alloys. MgO and MgAl2O4− spinel were the main oxides that formed the oxide scale in all examined alloys. Si addition formed the multi-element oxide including Mg and Si.

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30

Kosec, Tadeja, and Ingrid Milošev. "Comparison of a ternary Cu–18Ni–20Zn alloy and binary Cu-based alloys in alkaline solutions." Materials Chemistry and Physics 104, no. 1 (July 2007): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.02.042.

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31

Ye, Jie, Xiao Ping Lin, Yun Dong, Bo Li, Gao Peng Xu, Fei Teng, Gui Fang Sun, and Jie Han. "Study on Aging Strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu Alloy Based on Component Optimization Design." Materials Science Forum 873 (September 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.873.33.

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In this study, we investigated the aging strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu alloy based on component optimization design by FactSage software, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the precipitation rate of MgZn2 phase in Mg-6Zn-1Cu is significantly higher than that of the other alloys. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy is subjected to aging at 160°C for different time, the phase consists of α-Mg, MgCu2 and MgZn2. The content of main strengthening phase MgZn2 is increasing with the prolonging of aging time. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy aged at 160°C for 10h, the kinetics of precipitation is considerably accelerated. The results indicate that the hardening produced in the Cu-containing alloy is considerably higher than in the Mg-Zn alloy. Therefore, based on component optimization design to establish Mg-Zn-Cu alloy solidification database, and to predict the phase equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of the alloy, is an effective method for the development of new magnesium alloy.

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32

Sun, Ju-Hyun, Dong-Myoung Lee, Chi-Hwan Lee, Joo-Wha Hong, and Seung-Yong Shin. "A novel Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu eutectic system with low melting temperature for the brazing of titanium alloys near 800 °C." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 2 (February 2010): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0047.

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This article reports on low (below 800 °C) melting temperature characteristics of a Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu alloy system, designed by adding a small amount of Cu to a Zr-Ti-Ni eutectic alloy system in the Zr-rich corner of the Zr-Ti-Ni system. A series of Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-based alloy buttons of varying Cu content was fabricated by an arc melting machine. The melting temperature ranges of the quaternary alloys were systematically examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). As a result, a quaternary eutectic alloy of composition Zr54Ti22Ni16Cu8 with a low melting temperature range from 774 °C to 783 °C was found. In addition, structural and chemical analysis results for the slowly solidified, quaternary eutectic alloy sample revealed equivalent quaternary eutectic structure and phases to those of the ternary eutectic Zr50Ti26Ni24 alloy, except for a small amount of Cu dissolved in individual constituent phases. The wetting angle tested at 800 °C for 60 s on the commercially pure titanium was about 25°.

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33

Wang, Gang, Peng Wu, Wei Wang, Dongdong Zhu, Caiwang Tan, Yongsheng Su, Xinying Shi, and Wei Cao. "Brazing Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr Alloys with Cu-Based Amorphous Alloy Filler." Applied Sciences 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8060920.

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34

Ishida, K. "[O10] Thermodynamic Database, Alloy Design and Industrial Applications of Cu-based Alloys." Calphad 51 (December 2015): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2015.01.017.

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35

Machida, Ken-ichi, and Michio Enyo. "Cu AND Cu-BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOY ELECTRODES FOR ANODIC FORMALDEHYDE ELECTRO-OXIDATION." Chemistry Letters 14, no. 1 (January 5, 1985): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1985.75.

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36

Rontó, V., F. Tranta, J. Sólyom, Á. Kovács, and P. Pekker. "Investigation of Solidification Behaviour in Cu-based Cu-Hf-Ti alloy system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 27 (January 12, 2012): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/27/1/012022.

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37

Kukuła-Kurzyniec, A., J. Dutkiewicz, P. Ochin, L. Perrière, P. Dłuzewski, and A. Góral. "Amorphous - Nanocrystalline Melt Spun Al-Si-Ni Based Alloys Modified with Cu and Zr." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0010.

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In the present paper glass forming ability and structure of Al-Si-Ni based alloys were investigated. Three alloys starting from the ternary Al78Si12Ni10 [alloy 1], Al75Si12Ni8Zr5 [alloy 2] and Al73Si5Ni7Cu8Zr7 [alloy 3] were subjected to melt spinning process. The mean thickness of the obtained ribbons amounted between 25 and 40 μm. XRD and DSC studies showed predominantly amorphous structure of the ribbons. STEM and HRTEM methods confirmed participation of crystalline phase identified mainly as Al solid solution with the grain size near 10 nm. The mean microhardness [0.1N] of the ribbons was measured for alloys 1 - 3 respectively: 457 HV, 369 HV and 536 HV. The high value of hardness can be related to the presence of α-Al dispersoids in the amorphous matrix.

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38

Kolubaev, Alexander, Olga Sizova, Yulia Denisova, Andrey Leonov, Natalya Teryukalova та Aleksey Byeli. "Multiphase Cu-Ti Coatings coated by Plasma Vacuum-Arc deposition on Cu-Be Alloy С17200". Metal Working and Material Science 22, № 4 (8 грудня 2020): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.4-137-150.

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Introduction. Deposition of hard intermetallic coatings is an efficient technology to improve operating characteristics of Cu-Be alloys. PVD of coatings is widely used for surface engineering of constructive materials, deposition of wear and corrosion resistant surface layers. Multiphase and multicomponent coatings are considered as the most efficient hard coatings for surface engineering. In this research, Ti-Cu coatings are deposited by a vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method on hardened BrB2 bronze (alloy C17200) at a temperature of 320 – 330 oC. Processing resulted in ageing of Cu-Be alloy and surface hardening of material. The aim of the research is to analyze the microstructure, phase composition, and tribological properties of Cu-Be alloys modified with plasma-activated PVD coatings based on titanium, with the subsequent development of an effective technology for surface engineering and improvement of the mechanical properties of Cu-Be alloys. Results and discussion. Plasma-assisted PVD of Cu-Ti coatings on the surface of tempered C17200 alloy at 320 – 330 oC resulted in formation of multiphase coatings, consisting of Cu, Ti, CuTi and CuTi2 components. X-ray analysis revealed development of ageing process in Cu-Be alloy which resulted in formation of CuBe inclusions. Wear resistance of modified blocks is investigated. The main mechanism of modified blocks wearing is cracking of the coating with further formation of fine debris of base Cu-Be material. Wear debris is significantly smaller then debris of С17200 alloy without coating. Surface microhardness of blocks processed at 320 –330 oC is comparatively high (540 HV0.02 - 530 HV0.02). Wear resistance of blocks subjected to surface engineering is comparatively low probably because of small thickness of the coating (< 8 µm) and insufficient hardness of matrix material.

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39

Takahashi, Masatoshi, Masafumi Kikuchi, and Yukyo Takada. "Grindability of Ti−Nb−Cu Alloys for Dental Machining Applications." Metals 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050861.

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We developed high-strength Ti−Nb−Cu alloys and investigated their grindability. The grindability of each alloy was evaluated based on the volume of metal removed per minute (grinding rate) and on the ratio of the metal volume removed to the volume of the wheel material lost (grinding ratio). The grinding rate of the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu, Ti-18%Nb-2%Cu, and Ti-24%Nb-1%Cu alloys significantly exceeded that of unalloyed titanium at high, medium, and low grinding speeds, respectively. Additionally, the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu alloy exhibited an excellent grinding ratio. Generally, materials with high strength and hardness frequently exhibit poor machinability; however, the Ti−Nb−Cu alloys developed in our study presented favorable grindability characteristics and, therefore, demonstrated good potential for application as dental titanium alloys that can be subjected to computer-aided design/manufacturing processes.

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40

Cheng, Xiao Min, Xin Chen, Yuan Yuan Li, and Yong Gang Tan. "Research on the Properties of the Thermal Storage and Corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1064.

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In this paper, various kinds of high-temperature phase change thermal storage Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn alloys were prepared, and the thermal properties were studied through integrated thermal analysis. Then the corrosion kinetics of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7% Si alloy and Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy at 700°C in thermal cycles were obtained. The microstructures, element concentration and phases in the interface were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, EPMA and XRD. The results show that all materials phase transition temperatures are during 450°C ~650°C . The total thermal energies of the materials are higher than 900J/cm3. Quaternary alloys and quinary alloys show much more advantages when applying for solar thermal power generation systems. The latent heat depends strongly upon the composition and percentage of elements and the phase composition. Besides, experimental results show that the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7%Si alloy at 700°C is 0.167mm/h. Under thermal cycling conditions, the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy is a little lower and the reaction interface layer does not significantly affect the rate of further corrosion. The corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn phase change thermal storage materials depends on the content of aluminum element, and nickel-based alloys are not suitable for use as packaging materials.

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Na, J. H., E. S. Park, Y. C. Kim, E. Fleury, W. T. Kim, and D. H. Kim. "Poisson’s ratio and fragility of bulk metallic glasses." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 2 (February 2008): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0060.

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The correlation among apparent global plasticity, Poisson’s ratio, and fragility in monolithic bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloys has been investigated in the present study. The shear and bulk moduli in monolithic Cu-based BMG alloys have been measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) and ultrasonic technique. The Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7 BMG alloy showing a large apparent global plasticity (∼8%) exhibits a high Poisson’s ratio when compared with that of Cu43Zr43Al7Be7 BMG alloy. In addition, the fragility of Cu-based BMG alloys can be obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fragility index m of Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7 BMG alloy is slightly larger than that of Cu43Zr43Al7Be7 BMG alloy. The correlation between Poisson’s ratio and fragility in BMG alloys can be presented by a simple relation of m − 17 = 14 (B∞/G∞ − 1). Poisson’s ratio and fragility might be regarded as an important parameter that controls global plasticity of glass-forming alloys.

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42

Li, Hongming, Shuang Zhang, Yajun Zhao, Xiaona Li, Fushi Jiang, and Chuang Dong. "Interpretation of Specific Strength-Over-Resistivity Ratio in Cu Alloys." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237150.

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Reaching simultaneously high mechanical strength and low electrical resistivity is difficult as both properties are based on similar microstructural mechanisms. In our previous work, a new parameter, the tensile strength-over-electrical resistivity ratio, is proposed to evaluate the matching of the two properties in Cu alloys. A specific ratio of 310 × 108 MPa·Ω−1·m−1, independent of the alloy system and thermal history, is obtained from Cu-Ni-Mo alloys, which actually points to the lower limit of prevailing Cu alloys possessing high strength and low resistivity. The present paper explores the origin of this specific ratio by introducing the dual-phase mechanical model of composite materials, assuming that the precipitate particles are mechanically mixed in the Cu solid solution matrix. The strength and resistivity of an alloy are respectively in series and parallel connections to those of the matrix and the precipitate. After ideally matching the contributions from the matrix and the precipitate, the alloy should at least reach half of the resistivity of pure Cu, i.e., 50%IACS, which is the lower limit for industrially accepted highly conductive Cu alloys. Under this condition, the specific 310 ratio is related to the precipitate-over-matrix ratios for strength and resistivity, which are both two times those of pure Cu.

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Imai, Ken, Toshi Taka Ikeshoji, Kazuya Nakamura, Motonori Nishida, Yuji Sugitani, and Hideki Kyogoku. "Fabrication of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy by Selective Laser Melting Process." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1570.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a prominent technology in the industrial fields such as aerospace, medical, automotive and so on. Especially, selective laser melting (SLM) process is available to create three-dimensional complicated structures of various alloys such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, nickel-based superalloy and so on. And also, copper and copper alloys are used as a material for products with complicated shape, electrical components, and a heat exchanger because of having the high electrical conductivity and the high thermal conductivity. It is known that copper alloys show a good shape memory behaviour by adding Al, Ni and Zn. Especially, Cu-Al-Ni alloy shows a good shape memory properties at high temperature. However, it is difficult to fabricate high-density Cu-Al-Ni alloy by the SLM process. This is mainly because Cu-Al-Ni alloy has high elastic anisotropy and brittleness in polycrystalline state. In this research, the optimum fabrication condition of Cu-Al-Ni alloy by SLM process was investigated. The optimum laser power and scan speed were able to be found by evaluating the surface morphology, density and microstructure of the as-build specimens.The maximum density of the as-built specimen was 99.47%.

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Wang, Jing Song, Li Jun Cao, Jing Hua Wang, Hao Yan Sun, Shu You Huang, and Qing Guo Xue. "Discussion on Relationship between Viscosities of Molten Zr-Cu Based Alloys and their Glass Forming Ability." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1242.

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The dynamic viscosities of molten Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 and Zr50Cu50 alloys were measured by using rotating cylinder method under non-vacuum condition. According to the lnη~1/T curves, discontinuous changes were found and the activation energy was calculated. The activation energy of molten Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 alloy is obviously larger than that of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy. Amorphous sample of Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 with 3mm diameter was prepared successfully under non-vacuum condition, but there are crystallization phases in Zr50Cu50 amorphous sample with 2mm diameter. The relationship between viscosities of molten Zr-Cu based alloys and their glass forming ability (GFA) was discussed, and viscosities of molten Zr-Cu based alloys play an important role on their GFA.

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45

Ijaz, Muhammad Farzik, and Faraz Hussain Hashmi. "Revisiting Alloy Design of Al-Base Alloys for Potential Orthotics and Prosthetics Applications." Crystals 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121699.

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The primary objective of this research was to open a promising avenue for designing new low-cost precipitation-hardened Al base alloys in semblance with the desired mechanical properties that can be exploited in the fabrication of lightweight exoskeleton frames, prosthetics, and wheelchair components. In multicomponent Al-Cu-based systems (2xxx), the substitution of elements such as copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and akin Cu/Mg ratio are mainly manipulated to improve the mechanical strength of these alloys. Nonetheless, these kinds of alloying optimizations are not well suited from the cost and sustainability points of view. The starting point of the present work is to screen out the optimum value of the Ag/Sn ratio, which can be a potential substitute for the conventional Cu/Mg alloy ratio in Al-Cu-Mg-based ternary alloys without sacrificing its key features of mechanical properties. Based on our microstructural and mechanical results, it was found that the chemical composition and microstructure were the most important variables influencing the mechanical properties. The increase in the mechanical strength of our alloys was mainly attributed to the precipitation hardening phenomenon. Typically, at peak-aged conditions, the correlation between the mechanical and subsequent microstructural analysis revealed that the synergistic increase in Ag and Sn content in the Al-Cu-Mg-based alloy led to an improvement in the mechanical strength and its trade-offs by changing the shape and distribution of the micron-scaled second phase in the matrix. From optical microscopy and subsequent scanning electron microscopy analyses, this continuous precipitated phase in the matrix is identified as the Mg2Sn phase, which is mainly elicited from the solid-state reaction during artificial aging treatment. Indeed, the presence of suitable microstructure at the peak aged condition that has uniformly dispersed, micron-scale Mg2Sn phase proved to be very useful in blocking the dislocation glide and increasing the mechanical strength of the alloys during tensile testing. This combination of precipitation-hardening phases has not been previously observed in alloys with higher or lower Cu/Mg ratios. Among the studied alloys, the alloy having Ag/Sn ratio of 23 (and chemical composition of Al-4 Cu-0.5 Mg-0.7 Ag-0.03 Sn (wt.%)-T6 (denoted as Al-loy-4) exhibited an average ultimate tensile strength of 450 MPa which is almost four times larger than the pure aluminum having an ultimate tensile strength of 90 MPa currently used in healthcare and medical industries.

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46

Kim, Yong-Ho, Hyo-Sang Yoo, Kyu-Seok Lee, Sung-Ho Lee, and Hyeon-Taek Son. "Effects of Mg Content on Electric and Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Cu Based Alloys." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 2015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18939.

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Microstructure and properties of Al–2 wt.%Zn–1 wt.%Cu–xMg (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 wt.%) alloy extrusion materials were investigated. The lattice constants for the (311) plane increased to 4.046858, 4.048483, 4.050114 and 4.051149 Å with the addition of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% of elemental Mg. The average grain size of the as-extruded Al alloys was found to be 328.7, 297.7, 187.0 and 159.3 μm for the alloys with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% Mg content, respectively. The changes in the electrical conductivity by the addition of elemental Mg in Al–2 wt.%Zn–1 wt.%Cu alloy was determined, and it was found that for the addition of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% Mg, the conductivity decreased to 51.62, 49.74, 48.26 and 46.80 %IACS. The ultimate tensile strength of Al–2 wt.%Zn–1 wt.%Cu–0.7 wt.%Mg alloy extrusion was increased to 203.55 MPa. Thus, this study demonstrated the correlation between the electrical conductivity and strength for the Al–2 wt.%Zn–1 wt.%Cu–xMg alloys.

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47

Tomolya, Kinga. "Ti-Cu-Based Amorphous Powders Produced by Ball-Milling." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1974.

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The effect of Ni or Zr addition to Ti-Cu alloy was studied on the microstructure evolution during mechanical milling regarding to dependence of the amorphous transformation on the various composition elements. The microstructure of initial crystalline alloys and the remained phases after few hours of milling were investigated. The milling process lasted to the full amorphization of the powders. The results show that amorphous Ti48Cu42Ni10 and Ti48Cu42Zr10 powders are obtained after 13 h and 14 h of milling.

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48

Jang, Jason S. C., Y. C. Huang, C. H. Lee, I. S. Lee, and L. J. Chang. "Glass Forming Ability and Thermal Properties of a Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Microalloyed with Silicon." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1341.

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The (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)100-xSix amorphous alloy rods, x =0 to 1, with 3 mm in diameter were prepared by Cu-mold drop casting method. The glass forming ability, thermal properties and microstructure evolution was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The XRD result reveals that these as-quenched (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)100-xSix alloy rods exhibit a broaden diffraction pattern of amorphous phase. The crystallization temperature and GFA (glass forming ability) of (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)100-xSix alloys increase with the silicon additions. The highest Trg (0.59) and γ value (0.405) occurred at the (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)99.75Si0.25 and (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5 alloy. In addition, both of the activation energy of crystallization and the incubation time of isothermal annealing for these (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)100-xSix alloys indicates that the (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)99.25Si0.75 alloy posses the best thermal stability among the (Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8)100-xSix alloy system.

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49

Katayama, I., S. Tanigawa, D. Zivkovic, Y. Hattori, and H. Yamashita. "Newly developed EMF cell with zirconia solid electrolyte for measurement of low oxygen potentials in liquid Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 48, no. 3 (2012): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120827042k.

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In order to measure the very low oxygen potential by use of stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte emf method, a new cell construction was devised. The idea was based on Janke but a zirconia rod was used instead of the zirconia crucible which contacts liquid alloy electrode. The cell was used for determination of the oxygen potentials in liquid dilute Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys. The reference electrode was Cr,Cr2O3. Emf measurements were performed in the temperature range of 1400-1580K and composition range of 0.198-3.10at%Cr-Cu alloys, and 1380-1465K, 0.085-0.761at%Zr-Cu alloys. The composition of liquid alloys were determined by picking up from the liquid alloys and ICP analysis. By use of the newly devised cell construction in this study, stable emf values were obtained at each temperature and alloy composition. Emf values were corrected by using the parameter for electronic contribution of the YSZ. Activity of Cr obeys Henry?s law and activity coefficient at infinitely dilute alloys of Cr in Cu-Cr alloys are: lng0 Cr =(3.80 at 1423K), (3.57 at 1473K), (3.38 at 1523K) and (3.20 at 1573K). At 1423 K activity coefficient of Zr at infinitely diluted alloy is ln?o Zr = -4.0.

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50

Wahid, Shah Abdul, Seong-Ho Ha, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim, and Shae K. Kim. "Effect of Cu Addition on the Precipitation Hardening and Mechanical Properties of Al–Mg Based Cast Alloys." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18935.

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This study examines the formation of different phases of Al-6 mass% Mg–xCu (x = 1 and 3 mass%) alloys in as-cast condition. Further, it investigates the dissolution of these phases upon solution heat treatment (SHT) and studies the precipitation behavior of these ternary alloys. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry and high resolution X-ray diffraction analyses show the presence of the second phases of Al3Mg2 (β), Al6CuMg4 (T), and Al2CuMg (S) in Alloy I (Al–6Mg–1Cu), whereas Alloy II (Al–6Mg–3Cu) had only T and S second phases (with a much higher number of S phases). Upon SHT, a significant number of eutectic phases were dissolved in Alloy I, whereas in Alloy II, the number of undissolved S phases was relatively high. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of experimental alloys in as-quenched states reveals two exothermic peaks related to the formation of nanoclusters and S″ or S′ metastable phases. Both alloys undergo a rapid hardening stage during the aging process, in which approximately 50%–60% of total hardness was achieved. This is attributed to the formation of nanoclusters. The maximum yield strength achieved at the peak hardness condition was approximately 200 MPa for Alloy I, whereas it was approximately 160 MPa for alloy II. Alloy I took a long time to reach peak hardness, which is correlated with the stability of nanoclusters for a longer time. Earlier peak hardness in Alloy II, despite having nanoclusters, is correlated with undissolved eutectic phases acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of S″ or S′ metastable phases.

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