Готові списки джерел за темами / Crystalline mixtures

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

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Urbańska, Magdalena, and Dorota Dardas. "Properties of Antiferroelectric Mixtures Differing in the Amount of Added Racemate." Crystals 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020147.

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Novel three-component liquid crystalline mixtures composed of chiral and achiral (racemic) liquid crystalline materials were designed and studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The compositions of liquid crystalline mixtures were developed based on the composition of a two-component (binary) mixture marked as W-1000 with the following phase sequence: Cr ↔ SmCA* ↔ SmC* ↔ SmA* ↔ Iso. This mixture has an antiferroelectric (SmCA*) phase over a wide temperature range and exhibits a helical pitch inversion in this phase. All newly obtained mixtures occur in a wide temperature range of the SmCA* phase, while the ferroelectric (SmC*) phase and the orthogonal (SmA*) phase occur in a narrow temperature range. The new mixtures also have a very long helical pitch in the antiferroelectric phase and a short helical pitch in the ferroelectric phase.
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2

Maïssa, P., and P. Sixou. "Mixtures of liquid-crystalline polymers." Liquid Crystals 5, no. 6 (December 1989): 1861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298908045694.

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3

Kapanowski, A., and K. Sokalski. "Elastic Constants of Binary Liquid Crystalline Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-1207.

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Abstract Microscopic expressions for the elastic constants of binary liquid crystalline mixtures composed of short rigid uniaxial molecules are derived in the thermodynamic limit at small distorsions and a small density. Uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases are considered. The expressions involve the one-particle distribution functions and the potential energy of two-body short-range interactions. The theory is used to calculate the phase diagram of a mixture of rigid prolate and oblate molecules. The concentration dependence of the order parameters and the elastic constants are obtained. The possibility of phase separation is not investigated.
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4

Matsuda, Hiromitsu, and Hatsuo Kimura. "MOLECULAR THEORY ON LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MIXTURES." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 413, no. 1 (January 2004): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400490436700.

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5

Yamada, Taro, Seiya Kobatake, and Masahiro Irie. "Single-Crystalline Photochromism of Diarylethene Mixtures." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 75, no. 1 (January 2002): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.75.167.

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6

Shibaev, Peter V., Sune L. Jensen, Peter Andersen, Kjeld Schaumburg, and V. Plaksin. "Multicomponent Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystalline Mixtures." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20010401)22:7<493::aid-marc493>3.0.co;2-s.

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7

Jo, Minki, Yunjae Jang, Eunhye Lee, Sooan Shin, and Ho-Jong Kang. "The Modification of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by Melt Blending." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091725.

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Crystalline and noncrystalline poly(3-hyroxybutylate-co-4-hyroxybutylate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) were melt blended to obtain mixtures of P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers. The mixtures and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers of different 4HB contents were compared to study the effect of 4HB content on the properties of the copolymers and mixtures. P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer mixtures, having various 4HB content, have been successfully made by melt blending instead of bacterial biosynthesis. In the case of copolymers, they were noncrystalline when the 4HB content was over 16%, while the P(3HB-co-4HB) mixtures at the same 4HB content were crystalline. The mixtures had a higher glass transition temperature, suggesting that their chain mobility is relatively low compared with the copolymer having the same 4HB content. Due to this effect, the mixture is expected to have a higher melt viscosity and a lower loss tangent to exhibit better melt processing properties. The mechanical properties of the mixtures show a similar behavior to the copolymers in that the tensile strength and the modulus decreases and elongation at the break increases with an increase in the 4HB content.
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Sopicka-Lizer, Malgorzata, Marta Tańcula, Tomasz Pawlik, V. Kochnev, and E. Fokina. "The New Top-To-Bottom Method of SiAlON Precursor Preparation by Activation in a Planetary Mill with a High Acceleration." Materials Science Forum 554 (August 2007): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.554.59.

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Nano-structured β-sialon precursor powders were obtained as a result of milling in a planetary mill with a high acceleration. Various mixtures of initial nitrides/oxides have been prepared as β-sialon precursor with low (0.4-1.0z) substitution and were milled in a planetary mill of acceleration 28g (TTD, Russia) with zirconia or silicon nitride balls for a various times (30-45 min). The resultant powder showed various extents of crystalline lattice deformation: smaller crystallites, dislocations, bumpy surface. The degree of lattice destruction was influenced by the milling time and grinding media, however various mixture components showed diverse susceptibility to deformation.
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9

Pais Alves, Manuel Fellipe R., Claudinei dos Santos, Bruno Xavier de Freitas, Alfeu Saraiva Ramos, Erika Coaglia Trindade Ramos, and Kurt Strecker. "Preparation of TiC/Ti3SiC2 Composite by Sintering Mechanical Alloyed Ti–Si–C Powder Mixtures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17869.

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The present work aims to evaluate the crystalline phases and microstructure of a TiC–Ti3SiC2 ceramic composite, obtained by mechanical alloying of Ti, C and Si powders and subsequent sintering. A mechanical alloying technique in a planetary ball mill for 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 h using Ti, Si and C powders with molar ratios of 3:1:2 as feedstock in argon (Ar) gas was employed to prepare nano-sized Ti–Si–C powders. TiC crystallite size and lattice strain were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the morphological characteristics and particle size distribution were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). After milling, a reduction of the average particle size and crystallinity is observed. Furthermore, after 10 h of milling time, TiC starts to crystallize. The powder mixture obtained after 200 h of milling was compacted and sintered at 1200 °C under controlled atmosphere, for 15 min, 2 h or 4 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Almost full densification of samples sintered for 2 h and 4 h has been achieved, with relative densities close to 98.8±0.2% and TiC and Ti3SiC2 as crystalline phases with an average crystallite size of TiC near 0.7 μm. Rietveld refinement indicates that the majority TiC-cubic phase (>85 vol%) presents a unit cell volume of 8.03 nm3 after sintering at 1200 °C. Despite the maintenance of the volume of the hexagonal unit cell of Ti3SiC2, (15.05 nm3), the increase of the isothermal sintering time resulted in an increase of the lattice parameter “a”, from 0.315 nm to 0.320 nm, and a reduction of the lattice parameter “c” from 1.750 nm to 1.705 nm. The control of the changes in the residual stresses within the TiC matrix and the Ti3SiC2 precipitates, which is associated with the deformation in the lattice parameters, must be controlled to achieve high fracture toughness in the composite.
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Nishimura, Toshiyuki, Mamoru Mitomo, and Hisayuki Suematsu. "High temperature strength of silicon nitride ceramics with ytterbium silicon oxynitride." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0027.

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Silicon nitride ceramics with ytterbium silicon oxynitride (Yb4Si2O7N2) as secondary phase were fabricated by hot-pressing the powder mixtures, including 50.0 to 97.0 mol% of silicon nitride with a mixture of Yb2O3 and SiO2 (Yb2O3/SiO2 = 4). Sinterability of the materials with Yb2O3 was higher than that with Y2O3 in the same composition of raw powder mixtures. High density materials were obtained under the condition of 50.0 to 89.1 mol% of silicon nitride in raw powder mixtures. Mechanical properties of silicon nitride containing 97.6 mol% of Si3N4 and 2.4 mol% of Yb4Si2O7N2 were measured. Fracture toughness measured by the indentation technique was 5.9 MPam1/2. Bending strength at room temperature and at 1500 °C was 977 MPa and 484 MPa, respectively. The silicon nitride grains consisted of highly elongated rod-like grains and thin needle-like grains. The Yb4Si2O7N2 grains were crystallized at multigrain junctions and bonded close to Si3N4 grains. High strength at high temperature is supposed to be based on the presence of crystalline Yb4Si2O7N2 having a high melting point.
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Дисертації з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

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Sarkar, Sudipta Kumar. "Phase transition in Binary Liquid Crystalline Mixtures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2674.

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Pramanik, Anamika. "Investigations on the physical properties of some liquid crystalline compounds and multi-component mixtures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1876.

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Pribyla, Karen J. "Thermochemical Study of Crystalline Solutes Dissolved in Ternary Hydrogen-Bonding Solvent Mixtures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2783/.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the thermochemical properties of nonelectrolyte solutes dissolved in ternary solvent mixtures, and to develop mathematical expressions for predicting and describing behavior in the solvent mixtures. Forty-five ternary solvent systems were studied containing an ether (Methyl tert-butyl ether, Dibutyl ether, or 1,4-Dioxane), an alcohol (1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, or 2-Methyl-1-propanol), and an alkane (Cyclohexane, Heptane, or 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane) cosolvents. The Combined NIBS (Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent)/Redlich-Kister equation was used to assess the experimental data. The average percent deviation between predicted and observed values was less than ± 2 per cent error, documenting that this model provides a fairly accurate description of the observed solubility behavior. In addition, Mobile Order theory, the Kretschmer-Wiebe model, and the Mecke-Kempter model were extended to ternary solvent mixtures containing an alcohol (or an alkoxyalcohol) and alkane cosolvents. Expressions derived from Mobile Order theory predicted the experimental mole fraction solubility of anthracene in ternary alcohol + alkane + alkane mixtures to within ± 5.8%, in ternary alcohol + alcohol + alkane mixtures to within ± 4.0%, and in ternary alcohol + alcohol + alcohol mixtures to within ± 3.6%. In comparison, expressions derived from the Kretschmer-Wiebe model and the Mecke-Kempter model predicted the anthracene solubility in ternary alcohol + alkane + alkane mixtures to within ± 8.2% and ± 8.8%, respectively. The Kretschmer-Wiebe model and the Mecke-Kempter model could not be extended easily to systems containing two or more alcohol cosolvents.
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Flood, Joseph. "Solution and liquid crystalline properties of sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate/water mixtures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/solution-and-liquid-crystalline-properties-of-sodium-lauroyl-methyl-isethionatewater-mixtures(d9f043f2-3ca6-4a13-b3f0-d5d5eae83bfc).html.

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The project contributes to the general theme of complex chemical systems and strengthens ties with Innospec, a multi-national chemical company. Sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate (SLMI. Trade name “Iselux”) is a newly developed surfactant with attractive product properties for personal care applications. Little is known about the fundamental surface and solution properties of SLMI, and it is not currently possible to use information on available surfactants to predict phase behaviour. We characterise the solution and liquid crystalline phase behaviour of the SLMI/water system using a combination of optical microscopy, X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. SLMI is synthesised using a batch process that leads to variable component concentrations. Preliminary studies conducted by Innospec indicate that the presence of particular process components has a significant influence on SLMI formulation rheological properties. We investigate the effects of synthesis-derived components on the rheological properties of the SLMI/sodium {(3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl)(dimethyl)ammonio)}acetate/water system using rheology and light scattering (static and dynamic) techniques. SLMI is often formulated into personal care products on mixing aqueous formulation components. Micelle growth occurs via a mechanistic process that is not understood and the equilibrium viscosity is attained at a time after mixing that ranges from seconds to weeks. Developing an improved understanding of the micelle growth mechanism is of both academic and industrial value. We utilise static light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to probe a range of samples in the viscoelastic region of the SLMI/(carboxymethyl)hexadecyldimethyl ammonium hydroxide/water system. Experimental findings improve our current understanding of micelle growth process and provide a platform for future research on non-equilibrium mixing kinetics. In the final section we investigate salt-induced cloud point and precipitation phenomena in the SLMI/salt/water system. The cloud point is commonly observed in surfactant and protein systems by increasing the solution temperature above a critical value, resulting in phase separation of solute-rich and solute-depleted layers. Cloud point induced phase separation may also be prompted by addition of salt. The mechanistic process driving electrolyte-induced cloud point phenomena is not understood. We use a combination of turbidimetry measurements and lightscattering (static and dynamic) techniques to measure cloud point curves andcharacterise micellar behaviour prior to clouding.
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Sánchez, González Sandra. "The swelling pressure of bentonite and sand mixtures." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158511.

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The compacted bentonites are used as buffer and backfill materials for engineering barriers for high-level nuclear waste repositories located underground. For this purpose, it is very important to evaluate the swelling characteristics of this clay. The swelling capacity is one of the most important properties of the bentonite clay. The swelling behaviour is due two mechanisms, the crystalline swelling and the osmotic swelling. These mechanisms produce an increase in the distance between the layers of montmorillonite which is one component of bentonite. The result of the swelling capacity is the swelling pressure. It has been studied in several investigations. The results of experimental tests have been collected and compared in this thesis, considering only the Na-dominant bentonite and sand and distilled water as test solution. The experimental tests show that there is only an unique relation between different bentonites in the Na-dominant bentonite and sand mixture swollen depending on its final dry density. Also, the relation between the swelling pressure and the clay void ratio shows the mechanism of the swelling pressure. On the other hand, a mechanistic model is used to predict the swelling pressure of fully saturated bentonite and sand mixture in distilled water. Firstly, it has been compared with the results of experimental tests and it should be pointed out that the model gives good predictions. In addition, the model has been used to make sensitivity analysis with different parameters of bentonite. The most important conclusions in this section show that the swelling pressure mainly depends on the distance among particles. Also, the sensitivity analyses indicate which parameters should be fitted more carefully for future studies to validate this model with different bentonites.
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6

Merchan, Alvarez Lina Paola. "Alkane fluids confined and compressed by two smooth gold crystalline surfaces: pure liquids and mixtures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47551.

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With the use of grand canonical molecular dynamics, we studied the slow ompression(0.01m/s) of very thin liquid films made of equimolar mixtures of short and long alkane chains (hexane and hexadecane), and branched and unbranched alkanes (phytane and hexadecane). Besides comparing how these mixtures behave under constant speed compression, we will compare their properties with the behavior and structure of the pure systems undergoing the same type of slow compression. To understand the arrangement of the molecules inside the confinement, we present segmental and molecular density profiles, average length and orientation of the molecules inside well layered gaps. To observe the effects of the compression on the fluids, we present the number of confined molecules, the inlayer orientation, the solvation force and the inlayer diffusion coefficient, versus the thickness of the gap. We observe that pure hexadecane, although liquid at this temperature, starts presenting strong solid-like behavior when it is compressed to thicknesses under 3nm, while pure hexane and pure phytane continue to behave liquid-like except at 1.3nm when they show some weak solid-like features. When hexadecane is mixed with the short straight hexane, it remains liquid down to 2.8nm at which point this mixture behaves solid-like with an enhanced alignment of the long molecules not seen in its pure form; but when hexadecane is mixed with the branched phytane the system does not present the solid-like features seen when hexadecane is compressed pure.
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7

Ozturk, Hale Bahar. "Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyester (tlcp) And Its Mixtures With Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) And Denture Base Poly(methyl Methacrylate)." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605205/index.pdf.

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In this study, the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(ethylenetheraphthalate) (PET)-thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), mixtures and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TLCP mixtures were studied. The curing of PMMA-TLCP mixtures was done by heat, gamma radiation and microwave. The amount of TLCP in mixtures was % 0.5, 2 and 5 TLCP by weight. TLCP was synthesized by melt-acidolysis system, and PET-TLCP mixtures were prepared by using lab scale batch mixer. PMMA samples were prepared according to denture manufacturer&rsquo
s procedure. The characterization of polymer samples and mixtures were carried by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, DMA, tensile, impact, three point bending tests and light microscopy. The mixing of TLCP with PMMA yielded heterogeneous dispersions. This was observed from light micrographs. The mechanical and rheological properties of all polymers were not positively affected by inclusion of TLCP. It is also worthwhile to note that weakening of PET-TLCP mixtures were due to the thermal degradation as the thermal age of the mixtures is much higher.
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8

Leal, Ronan. "Epitaxial growth of silicon by PECVD from SiF4/H2/Ar gas mixtures for photovoltaics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX038.

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Cette thèse de doctorat évalue le potentiel de la croissance épitaxiale à basse température (200-300°C) par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma à partir de SiF4/H2/Ar pour la formation de l’émetteur dans des cellules solaires de type nPERT. La première partie concerne l’identification et l’optimisation des conditions de dépôt pour réaliser des couches épitaxiées faiblement contraintes avec une interface epi/wafer de bonne qualité. La perte d’épitaxie a également été étudiée et nous avons mis en évidence que la formation de macles au cours de la croissance était responsable de la dégradation de la cristallinité. Ensuite, l’étude des mécanismes de croissance a été menée et l’analyse des phases initiales de croissance a permis d’identifier un mode de croissance de type Volmer-Weber.Les conditions de dépôt ont ensuite été transférées à un réacteur PECVD semi-industriel de 6 pouces. Les problèmes d’homogénéité et de vitesse de croissance ont été abordés par le design d’une nouvelle « shower head » grâce aux simulations d’écoulement du gaz. Des couches épitaxiées dopées bore avec un dopage de type p de 4.1019 cm-3 et une efficacité de dopage jusqu’à 70% ont ainsi été fabriquées à seulement 300°C. La vitesse de croissance dans ces conditions atteint 1.1 Å/s, i.e. 15 fois plus rapide que les premiers résultats obtenus. Enfin, la passivation des couches épitaxiées a été étudiée et un temps de vie de 160 μs a été obtenu sur des couches intrinsèques de 200 nm d’épaisseur passivées avec 10 nm d’oxyde d’aluminium
This doctoral work aimed to assess the potential of low-temperature (200-300°C) epitaxy by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using SiF4/H2/Ar gas mixtures for the emitter formation in nPERT solar cells. The first part of this PhD thesis concerned the identification and the optimization of the process conditions to perform lowly strained intrinsic epi-layers with a smooth epi/wafer interface. We also investigated the causes of epitaxy breakdown and found out that a twinning-induced mechanism was responsible. Subsequently we focused on the growth mechanisms by studying the initial stages of growth and a Volmer-Weber growth mode has been highlighted. Finally, the process conditions for intrinsic epitaxy were transferred from a researchPECVD reactor to a 6 inch semi-industrial one. Inhomogeneity and growth rate issues have been tackled by fluid dynamics simulations resulting in the design of a new shower head. Boron-doped epi-layers grown at 300°C with an as-deposited hole concentration of 4.1019 cm-3 and a doping efficiency up to 70 % have been achieved keeping a low mosaicity and a low variation of the lattice parameter. The growth rate in these conditions reached 1.1 Å/s, i.e 15 times higher than what obtained at the beginning of this PhD for boron-doped epi-layers. Finally, the passivation of epitaxial layers has been investigated and lifetimes up to 160 μs for a 200 nm thick intrinsic layer passivated with
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9

Камінський, Андрій Тарасович. "Ремонтні суміші з підвищеними експлуатаційними властивостями на основі лужного портландцементу". Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56764.

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Pratibha, R. "Investigation on liquid crystalline mixtures." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2940.

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Книги з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

1

Thibodeaux, Angela F. Blends in two dimensions: Mixtures of liquid crystalline polymers at the air-water interface. 1993.

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2

James A, Green. The Persistent Objector Rule in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.001.0001.

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The persistent objector rule is said to provide states with an ‘escape hatch’ from the otherwise universal binding force of customary international law. It provides that if a state persistently objects to a newly emerging norm of customary international law during the formation of that norm, then the objecting state is exempt from the norm once it crystallises into law. The conceptual role of the rule may be interpreted as straightforward: to preserve the fundamentalist positivist notion that any norm of international law can only bind a state that has consented to be bound by it. In reality, however, numerous unanswered questions exist about the way that it works in practice. Through focused analysis of state practice, this book provides a detailed understanding of how the rule emerged and operates, how it should be conceptualised, and what its implications are for the binding nature of customary international law. It argues that the persistent objector rule ultimately has an important role to play in the mixture of consent and consensus that underpins international law.
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Частини книг з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

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Ganguly, Jibamitra, and Surendra K. Saxena. "Exchange Equilibrium and Inter-Crystalline Fractionation." In Mixtures and Mineral Reactions, 131–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46601-4_6.

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2

Seurin, M. J., J. M. Gilli, F. Fried, A. Ten Bosch, and P. Sixou. "Liquid Crystalline Polymer Solutions and Mixtures." In Polymeric Liquid Crystals, 377–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2299-1_24.

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3

Ringsdorf, H., H. W. Schmidt, G. Baur, and R. Kiefer. "Phase Behaviour of Dye-Containing Liquid Crystalline Copolymers and their Mixtures with Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals." In Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers, 253–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8_16.

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4

Martins, A. F., F. Volino, and R. B. Blumstein. "Macromolecular Order and Conformation in the Solid and Nematic Phases of Semi-Rigid Polymers and Polymer-Monomer Mixtures—NMR Study." In Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers, 279–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8_19.

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5

Bettinetti, G. P., M. Sorrenti, A. Negri, P. Mura, and M. T. Faucci. "Dissolution Rate and Thermal Properties of Naproxen in Mixtures with Amorphous or Crystalline Dimethyl Beta-Cyclodextrin." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, 371–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4681-4_88.

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6

Akita, S., K. Wakita, Y. Nakayama, and T. Kawamura. "Highly Photosensitive a-SiC:H Films Prepared at High Deposition Rate by Glow Discharge in SiH4-C2H2 Mixture Gas." In Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, 77–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93406-3_10.

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7

Askari, Syed Jawid, and Fan Xiu Lu. "Deposition of a Well-Adherent Nano-Crystalline Diamond Coating on Titanium Using CH4-H2 Gas Mixture." In Materials Science Forum, 1145–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1145.

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8

Weller, Mark T. "Application and interpretation of powder X-ray diffraction data." In Inorganic Materials Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198557982.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the application and interpretation of powder X-ray diffraction data. The form of the powder X-ray diffraction data obtained from a material will depend upon the crystal structure it adopts. This structure is delineated by the lattice type, crystal class, unit cell parameters, and the distribution of the various ion and molecule types within the unit cell. As a result of the enormous range of different structures which materials adopt, nearly all crystalline solids have a unique powder X-ray diffraction pattern in terms of the positions of the observed reflections and the peak intensities. In mixtures of compounds, each crystalline phase present will contribute its own unique set of lines to the powder diffraction pattern.
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9

Schneider, Hans-Jörg. "Hydrogels, Including Chemoresponsive Gels, as Smart Materials." In Fundamentals of Smart Materials, 254–66. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782626459-00254.

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Chapter 21 reviews hydrogels, including chemoresponsive gels as smart materials. Hydrogels can be used for many applications, and are increasingly being developed also given their possible biocompatibility. Such smart materials can, depending on suitable chemical components, bind or release for example drugs, pollutants, catalysts, etc. upon interaction with external effectors, and swell or shrink under the influence of different pH, various chemical compounds, temperature, or light. Most hydrogels are amorphous, some are semicrystalline mixtures of amorphous and crystalline phases, or are crystalline. Hydrogels have a water content typically between 80 and 99%, which can be changed by external stimuli; this is the basis of many applications. Natural sources of hydrogels are for example agarose, chitosan, methylcellulose or hyaluronic acid, but most smart hydrogels are based on synthetic polymers or rely on chemical modification of natural systems. Synthetic polymers for gels are usually obtained by copolymerization or cross-linking free-radical polymerizations, reacting hydrophilic monomers with multifunctional cross-linkers. One can produce polymer chains via chemical reaction, through photochemical processes, or by radiation for the generation of free radicals. Alternatively, one can modify existing polymers by chemical reaction.
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10

Portius, P., M. Adams, M. Cross, and T. Roseveare. "Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Energetic Nitrobis(Pyrazolyl)Benzenes." In Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics, 17–45. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788017855-00015.

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Two new energetic nitroaromatic compounds, 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)2) and 1,4-bis(1H-3',5'-dinitropyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)6), were prepared by nitration of 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)benzene (H2dpzb) with mixed acid. H2dpzb(NO2)x were isolated as yellow powders in moderate yields. They are stable under ambient conditions, soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, but poorly soluble in weakly coordinating solvents, and deflagrate in the heat. Both compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as by X-ray crystallography. H2dpzb(NO2)x crystallise readily as impact-insensitive dmso or thf solvates. Due to steric crowding at the (pyrazolyl group)–(benzene) bonds, H2dpzb(NO2)x adopt a twisted molecular geometry with extended (x = 2) or localised intermolecular hydrogen-bonding (x = 6) that involve the pyrazolyl H atoms and solvent of crystallisation. H2dpzb(NO2)6 reacts with base to form crystalline [B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6], B = NEt3, which possesses remarkably high density ([B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6]), or a powder consisting of Na2dpzb(NO2)6 (B = NaHCO3, crystallised as the coordination polymer Na(dmso)(dpzb(NO2)6). A mixture of H2dpzb(NO2)6, Zn(NO3)2, NEt3, dmso and water afforded the coordination compound [Zn(κ(O)-dmso)6]2[dpzb(NO2)6.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Crystalline mixtures"

1

PETROV, D. D., G. E. ASTRAKHARCHIK, D. PAPOULAR, C. SALOMON, and G. V. SHLYAPNIKOV. "CRYSTALLINE PHASE OF STRONGLY INTERACTING FERMI MIXTURES." In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812779885_0011.

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2

Goc, F., Wojciech Kuczynski, J. Malecki, Roman S. Dabrowski, and Jerzy Hoffmann. "Dielectric properties of antiferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures." In International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena '98, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373703.

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3

Goc, F., Wojciech Kuczynski, Roman S. Dabrowski, Barbara Stryla, and H. Gierszal. "Switching behavior of antiferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures." In International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena '98, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373704.

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4

Ogorodnik, K. Z. "Thermodynamics of nematic liquid crystalline mixtures of similar molecules." In XIV Conference on Liquid Crystals, Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, and Jerzy Zielinski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472175.

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5

Ghelmez, Mihaela A., Maria Honciuc, and Mihai C. Piscureanu. "Liquid crystalline state of some fatty acids and mixtures." In International Conference on Nonlinear Optics of Liquid and Photorefractive Crystals, edited by Gertruda V. Klimusheva. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.323700.

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6

Ikeda, Tomiki, and Osamu Tsutsumi. "Liquid Crystalline Materials for Photonics: Optical Switching by Means of Photochemical Phase Transition of Liquid-Crystalline Azobenzene Films." In Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd63.

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Isothermal phase transition of liquid crystals (LCs) can be induced reversibly by photochemical reaction of guest molecules incorporated into the LC phase at concentrations of 1 ~ 5 mol%. Such photoresponsive molecules as azobenzene and spiropyran derivatives have been proved to be effective guest molecules to bring about the photochemical phase transition. 1-5 The mechanism of the photochemical phase transition is interpreted in terms of the change in the molecular shape of the guest molecules by the photochemical reaction. For example, trans-azobenzenes are rod-like shape, stabilizing the LC phase, while cis-azobenzenes are bent, destabilizing the LC phase. When the trans-azobenzene/nematic (N) LC mixtures are irradiated to cause trans-cis photoisomerization of the guest molecules, the LC phase of the mixtures is destabilized in accumulation of the cis form and the N to isotropic (I) phase transition temperature (tNI) is lowered. When tNI is lowered below the irradiation temperature, N-I phase transition of the guest/host mixture is induced isothermally. This process is reversible, and cis-trans back isomerization restores the initial N phase. Time-resolved measurements by the use of a pulsed laser have revealed that the photochemical N-I phase transition takes place in the time region of 50 ~ 200 ms for the nematic hosts of low-molecular-weight (LMW) as well as polymeric LCs.6,7 Propagation of perturbation in the form of the trans-cis isomerization of the guest molecules may require a relatively long time in the LC systems.
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7

Dobrolyubova, E. I., and A. G. Drushlyak. "Azo derivatives of benzobisthiazoles as new dichroic dyes for liquid crystalline mixtures." In Liquid Crystals, edited by Marzena Tykarska, Roman S. Dabrowski, and Jerzy Zielinski. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.301253.

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8

Vasilev, K. O., S. V. Makarenko, O. V. Khokhryakov, and V. G. Khozin. "Production of ash ceramics using ash and slag mixtures of thermal power plants and local raw materials of the Irkutsk region." In SiliconPV 2021, The 11th International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091786.

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9

Sankur, H., N. S. Gluck, and W. Gunning. "Optical and mechanical properties of mixed composition infrared thin film materials." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mnn3.

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Synthesized materials obtained by physical mixing are often used to generate de sired optical and mechanical properties. These properties often differ from the average of the properties of individual materials that make up the mixture.1 In this paper we discuss the optical, structural, and mechanical properties of several composite IR material systems. SrF2 films have a micro-structure with pronounced columnar grains that results in rough morphology and optical scatter. Films of pure ZnSe and mixtures of ZnSe with up to 70-vol % SrF2 have very smooth morphologies. Films with alternating material layers, on the other hand, do not become smooth even in the ZnSe layers. Codeposition results in strongly oriented crystalline films where both ZnSe and SrF2 crystalline phases are observed, indicating rapid segregation during deposition. In general, mixing reduces the crystalline grain size. Mixed intermediate composition films have crystalline orientations that differ from those of the pure components. Films rich in one material suppress the crystallinity of the other material and impose the preferred orientation of that material on the composite film. Intrinsic stress of the fluorides is small and tensile whereas the stress in thermally evaporated ZnSe is compressive. The stress in the composite films changes abruptly at 70% SrF2 composition from compressive to low tensile.
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10

BARMAN, BARNALI, and MALAY DAS. "Study of physical properties associated with some binary mixtures of chiral ferroelectric liquid crystalline compounds." In The 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocc_2020-07234.

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