Статті в журналах: "Crude Polysaccharide"

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Chen, Yong-Feng, Wen-wen Jiang, Shi-qi Zhang, Jian-quan Kan, and Yong Liang. "Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3537193.

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As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6)α-D-Glcp(1→6) α-D-Glcp (1→]nby methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. However,O2-∙clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree.

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Olech, Marta, Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke, Maciej Masłyk, Aleksandra Martyna, Wioleta Pietrzak, Konrad Kubiński, Daniel Załuski, and Renata Nowak. "Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from Rosa rugosa Thunb.—Composition and Chemopreventive Potential." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071354.

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The huge health-beneficial potential of polysaccharides encourages the search for novel sources and applications of these compounds. One poorly explored source of polysaccharides is the rose. The content and biological activity of polysaccharides in rose organs is an almost completely unaddressed topic, therefore, polysaccharide-rich extracts (crude polysaccharides, CPLs) from petals, leaves, hips, and achenes of Rosa rugosa Thunb. were studied for their composition and the influence on various cellular processes involved in the development of cancer and other civilization diseases. The study revealed the presence of water-soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides (including β-glucans) and protein-polysaccharide conjugates in rose organs. Rose hips were found to be the most abundant source of polysaccharides. Different polysaccharide-rich extracts showed the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, hyaluronidase), a radical scavenging effect (against DPPH• and ABTS•+), and antiproliferative activity (in the A549 lung and SW480 colon cancer cell lines) in in vitro assays. Therefore, rose crude polysaccharides are very promising and can potentially be used as natural chemopreventive agents.

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Wang, Lin, Runyong Fan, Funeng Geng, Yongxiang Gao, and Qinwan Huang. "Protective effect of crude polysaccharide from Pao-TianXiong derived from monkshood, against chronic renal failure in mice." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i6.13.

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from pao-tian-xiong on chronic renal failure in mice, and its monosaccharide composition. Methods: Male Kunming mice were orally treated with adenine (211.5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by either crude polysaccharides (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg), or positive drug solution (jinguishenqi pill, 2000 mg/kg) for another 7 days (each group had 15 mice). Mice in normal and negative control groups were given saline. Mental and physical states, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr), kidney morphological changes and organ indices were determined. Histopathological examination of spleen and kidney tissues was also performed. The monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Compared with negative control group, serum BUN (6.71 mmol/L vs. 8.61 mmol/L) and Cr (107.74 vs. 113.39 μmol/L) were significantly decreased by the crude polysaccharide isolate (p < 0.05), whereas epididymis index (0.2556 vs. 0.2135 %) and seminal vesicle index (0.5547 vs. 0.3945 %) were increased (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that injuries to kidney, spleen, testis and epididymis decreased significantly. The crude polysaccharides contained mainly glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid and xylose, and their contents ranged from 0.7 to 65 %. Conclusion: These results suggest that the crude polysaccharides of Pao-tian-xiong ameliorates CRF symptoms in mice, thereby providing experimental evidence in support of its use as an anti-CRF drug.

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Al-Wraikat, Majida, Yun Liu, Limei Wu, Zeshan Ali, and Jianke Li. "Structural Characterization of Degraded Lycium barbarum L. Leaves’ Polysaccharide Using Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071404.

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Plant-derived polysaccharide’s conformation and chain structure play a key role in their various biological activities. Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide is well renowned for its health functions. However, its functional bioactivities are greatly hindered by its compact globular structure and high molecular weight. To overcome such issue and to improve the functional bioactivities of the polysaccharides, degradation is usually used to modify the polysaccharides conformation. In this study, the ethanol extract containing crude Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide was first extracted, further characterized, and subsequently chemically modified with vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce degraded Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide. To explore the degradation effect, both polysaccharides were further characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results shown that both polysaccharides were rich in sugar and degradation had no significant major functional group transformation effect on the degraded product composition. However, the molecular weight (Mw) had decreased significantly from 223.5 kDa to 64.3 kDa after degradation, indicating significant changes in the polysaccharides molecular structure caused by degradation.

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Zhang, Qiang, Lianxiang Lu, Yanfei Zheng, Chengrong Qin, Yuexin Chen, and Zhongjie Zhou. "Isolation, Purification, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Choerospondias axillaris Leaves." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 8881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248881.

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The extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Choerospondias axillaris leaves were investigated in the present study. Two purified polysaccharide fractions, CALP-1 and CALP-2, were isolated from crude Choerospondias axillaris leaf polysaccharides (CALP) by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The characteristics of CAL-1 and CALP-2 were determined by using High-performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC), High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography, HPAEC (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CALP-1 with molecular weight of 11.20 KDa was comprised of Rhamnose, Arabinose, Galactose, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 5.16:2.31:5.50:27.18:1.00:0.76:1.07. CAL-2 with molecular weight of 8.03 KDa consisted of Rhamnose, Arabinose, Galactose, Glucose, and galacturonic acid at a ratio of 1.38:3.63:18.84:8.28:1.45. FTIR revealed that CALP-1 and CALP-2 were acidic polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity of crude CALP, CALP-1 and CALP-2 was evaluated in vitro. The fraction CALP-2 was demonstrated to be of polysaccharide nature containing a large percentage of Galactose but no Xylose and Mannose. The antioxidant activity assays showed that CALP-1 and CALP-2 exhibited antioxidant and scavenging activities on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals in vitro. Compared with pure polysaccharide, crude CALP exhibited stronger anti-oxidant activities. These results will provide a better understanding of Choerospondias axillaris leaf polysaccharide and promote the potential applications of Choerospondias axillaris leaf polysaccharide in the pharmacological field and as a natural antioxidant.

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Li, Tingting, Yan Yang, Linjun Chen, and Wanling Yang. "Effects of Grinding Methods on Physicochemical Properties of Crude Polysaccharides from Phellinus baumii." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197802004.

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The physicochemical properties of Phellinus baumii polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting bodies by different grinding methods were studied in this paper. Compared with ordinary grinding methods, superfine grinding technology exerts significantly higher yields of crude polysaccharides, polysaccharide contents and β-Glucan contents of six samples. HPSEC-MALLS- RI analysis shows the molecular weight distribution of P.baummii crude polysaccharides, which indicates superfine grinding technique generates higher molecular weight fractions and larger polydispersities. The 6 kinds of crude polysaccharides have obvious effects on NO generation of RAW264.7 cells, which indicated that crude polysaccharides from P.baumii may have some immune-enhancing effects. Meanwhile, CW30 and FP30 show the best immune enhancing effects. However, CW50 and CW70 exert weaker immune-enhancing effects compared with FP50 and FP70.

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Cao, Ling, Mi Yu, Chonghui Wang, Yunhui Bao, Minghui Zhang, Ping He, Yan Zhang, et al. "Cellulase-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Bioactivity against Rheumatoid Arthritis of Astragalus Polysaccharides." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8514247.

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This study investigated the effect of cellulase on the isolation of crude Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), analyzed the monosaccharide component of deproteinized APS, detected the molecular weights of purified APS, and examined the biological activities and the preliminary mechanism against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Compared with water extraction method, cellulase-assisted extraction increased the yield of crude APS to 154% and polysaccharide contents to 121%. Crude APS was then purified by ethanol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; monosaccharide contents of APS were different after cellulase-assisted method, especially galacturonic acid content which significantly increased. DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography isolated three polysaccharide fractions, including a neutral polysaccharide (APS-water) and two acidic polysaccharides (APS-NaCl1 and APS-NaCl2). Using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), the molecular weights of APS-water, APS-NaCl1, and APS-NaCl2 were identified as 67.7 kDa, 234.1 kDa, and 189.4 kDa, respectively. Then their therapeutic effects and possible mechanism against RA were explored using type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. APS could significantly reduce paw swelling, serum concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 and IκBα in synovial membranes in CIA rats. Our study indicated that cellulase significantly increases the yield and polysaccharide contents of crude APS, improves the product quality, and preserves the biological features against RA in CIA rats.

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Li, Yinfeng, Fei Chen, and Xiaozhu Liu. "Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Must on the Growth, Nutrient Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelia." Molecules 27, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113585.

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Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a Rosaceae plant endemic to China, produces fruit with high nutritional and medicinal value. The effects of R. roxburghii must on the growth, nutrient composition, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia was investigated. We measured the mycelial growth rate, proximate composition, amino acid and crude polysaccharide content, and the antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharides of P. ostreatus mycelia cultivated under different concentrations of R. roxburghii must (2%, 4%, and 8%, v/v). Low concentrations of R. roxburghii must (2% and 4%) promoted mycelial growth, while a high concentration (8%) inhibited mycelial growth. Low concentrations of R. roxburghii must had no significant effects on the soluble substances, fat, ash, and crude fiber in P. ostreatus mycelia, but significantly increased the crude protein and total amino acid contents (p < 0.05). The addition of R. roxburghii must at low concentrations significantly increased the crude polysaccharide content in mycelia (p < 0.05) but had no impact on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Therefore, R. roxburghii must at low concentration can be used as a substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation to increase the protein and polysaccharide contents in mycelia.

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Nakamura, Michiko, Sayaka Miura, Akiko Takagaki, and Fumio Nanjo. "Hypolipidemic effects of crude green tea polysaccharide on rats, and structural features of tea polysaccharides isolated from the crude polysaccharide." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 68, no. 3 (September 21, 2016): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1232376.

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Souissi, Nabil, Soumaya Boughriba, Ola Abdelhedi, Marwa Hamdi, Mourad Jridi, Suming Li, and Moncef Nasri. "Extraction, structural characterization, and thermal and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharides from razor clam Solen marginatus." RSC Advances 9, no. 20 (2019): 11538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00959k.

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In this study, some biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Solen marginatus flesh were investigated via physicochemical characterization of the crude polysaccharide SM-CP and its deproteinized fraction SM-DP.

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Kang, Sang-Min, Dongseob Tark, Byeong-Min Song, Gun-Hee Lee, Ju-Hee Yang, Hee-Jeong Han, and Sung-Kun Yim. "Evaluation of Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 Propagation by Crude Polysaccharides from Seaweed and Abalone Viscera In Vitro." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (April 27, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050296.

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Crude polysaccharides, extracted from two seaweed species (Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum horneri) and Haliotis discus hannai (abalone) viscera, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Plaque titration revealed that these crude polysaccharides efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation with IC50 values ranging from 0.35 to 4.37 μg/mL. The crude polysaccharide of H. fusiforme showed the strongest antiviral effect, with IC50 of 0.35 μg/mL, followed by S. horneri and abalone viscera with IC50 of 0.56 and 4.37 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified that these polysaccharides could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. In Vero E6 cells, treatment with these crude polysaccharides before or after viral infection strongly inhibited the expression level of SARS-CoV-2 spikes, nucleocapsid proteins, and RNA copies of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and nucleocapsid. These results show that these crude marine polysaccharides effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation by interference with viral entry.

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Zeng, Aoqiong, Ruijin Yang, Shuhuai Yu, and Wei Zhao. "A novel hypoglycemic agent: polysaccharides from laver (Porphyra spp.)." Food & Function 11, no. 10 (2020): 9048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01195a.

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The laver crude polysaccharides were extracted, purified, and subsequently degraded using H₂O₂. One low-molecular-weight polysaccharide PD-1 showing the highest inhibition activity against α-amylase might be used as a novel agent for T2DM management.

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Kardošová, Alžbeta, and Mária Matulová. "A Fructofuranan from the Roots of Rudbeckia fulgida, var. sullivantii (BOYNTON et BEADLE)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 11 (1997): 1799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19971799.

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From the roots of Rudbeckia fulgida, var. sullivantii (BOYNTON et BEADLE), a homogeneous polysaccharide has been isolated by water extraction and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration of the crude mixture of polysaccharides. Its molar composition determined by NMR and HPLC analyses was found to be D-fructose and D-glucose in the ratio 26 : 1. The results of methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectral measurements showed that the polysaccharide is a (2 → 1)-β-D-fructofuranan of the inulin type.

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Klimaszewska, Marzenna, Sabina Górska, Grzegorz Łapienis, Beata Kaleta, Sandra Górska, Marta Kaszowska, Maciej Dawidowski, et al. "Identification of the Primary Structure of Selenium-Containing Polysaccharides Selectively Inhibiting T-Cell Proliferation." Molecules 26, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175404.

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We previously described the biosynthesis, isolation, and immunosuppressive activity of the selenium-containing polysaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelial culture of Lentinula edodes. Structural studies have shown that the fraction was a protein-containing mixture of high molar mass polysaccharides α- and β-glucans. However, which of the components of the complex fraction is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity non-typical for polysaccharides of fungal origin has not been explained. In the current study, we defined four-polysaccharide components of the Se-containing polysaccharide fraction determined their primary structure and examined the effect on T- and B-cell proliferation. The isolated Se-polysaccharides, α-1,4-glucan (Mw 2.25 × 106 g/mol), unbranched β-1,6-d-glucan, unbranched β-1,3-d-glucan and β-1,3-branched β-1,6-d-glucan (Mw 1.10 × 105 g/mol), are not typical as components of the cell wall of L. edodes. All are biologically active, but the inhibitory effect of the isolated polysaccharides on lymphocyte proliferation was weaker, though more selective than that of the crude fraction.

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Yim, Sung-Kun, Kian Kim, Inhee Kim, SangHo Chun, TaeHwan Oh, Jin-Ung Kim, Jungwon Kim, et al. "Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry by the Crude Polysaccharides of Seaweeds and Abalone Viscera In Vitro." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040219.

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Much attention is being devoted to the potential of marine sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents in preventing COVID-19. In this study, sulfated fucoidan and crude polysaccharides, extracted from six seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, Laminaria japonica, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum horneri, Codium fragile, Porphyra tenera) and Haliotis discus hannai (abalone viscera), were screened for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. Most of them showed significant antiviral activities at an IC50 of 12~289 μg/mL against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in HEK293/ACE2, except for P. tenera (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL). The crude polysaccharide of S. horneri showed the strongest antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 12 μg/mL, to prevent COVID-19 entry, and abalone viscera and H. fusiforme could also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC50 of 33 μg/mL and 47 μg/mL, respectively. The common properties of these crude polysaccharides, which have strong antiviral activity, are high molecular weight (>800 kDa), high total carbohydrate (62.7~99.1%), high fucose content (37.3~66.2%), and highly branched polysaccharides. These results indicated that the crude polysaccharides from seaweeds and abalone viscera can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry.

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Sanni, R. O., and E. M. Adongbede. "Effect of Crude Oil on Biomass Production, Polysaccharide, and Polyphenol Content of Leucocoprinus cretaceus(Bull.) Locq. a white rot fungus." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 11 (February 10, 2022): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i11.5.

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There is need to establish the best lignocellulosic wastes with bio-stimulatory effects on mushrooms been investigated for myco-remediation purposes. Solid state fermentation of four substrates (sawdust of Anthostema aubryanum Baill, Mansonia altissima (A. Chev.) A. Chev., Nauclea diderrichii (De Eild & T. Durand) Merr and Malt Extract Agar) contaminated with various levels of crude oil contamination by Leucocoprinus cretaceus (Bull.) Locq., was studied. The effect of crude oil on mycelial biomass production, polysaccharide, and polyphenol contents of L. cretaceus during solid state fermentation of lignocellulosic wastes was determined. The polysaccharide and polyphenol content of the mycelia was determined with the Phenol-Sulphuric acid and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Solid state fermentation of crude contaminated substrates improved biomass and polysaccharide content of L. cretaceus. The fungus is a good bioremediation agent degrading crude oil with increasing levels of crude oil contamination (28.00% in 1.00% crude oil contamination to 81% in 10.00% crude oil contamination). Radial mycelial extension increased with increasing levels of crude oil contamination. Crude oil did not cause increased polyphenol concentration and therefore not a stress factor. There was increase in polysaccharide content indicating metabolization of crude oil for metabolic build up. Supplementing crude oil contaminated substrates with the sawdust of M. altissima resulted in the highest level of crude oil degradation by the test fungus. L. cretaceus is a potential strong myco-remediation agent. This study records the first time the fungus is used for degradation of crude oil contaminated substrates. The mushroom has the potential to completely mineralize petroleum hydrocarbons.

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Rizki, Ilmi Fadhilah, Ellya Sinurat, Sofa Fajriah, and Endang Saefudin. "Antioxidant Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extract from Green Seaweed (Caulerpa lentillifera) Makassar, Indonesia." Key Engineering Materials 840 (April 2020): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.214.

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Caulerpa lentillifera belong to Caulerpa genus which is commonly found in tropical and subtropical water. The biggest constituent of seaweed is polysaccharide that has some biological activities as a potential medicine. Therefore, this research aimed to extract and evaluate the antioxidant activity from Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide. The extraction was carried out by using water extraction. First, the sample was added with ethanol and soaked overnight at room temperature. On the following day, the sample was added with aquades and put in a water bath at 75°C for three hours. After that, ethanol was added to precipitate the extract. The crude polysaccharide extract percent yield obtained 4.16 %. The crude extract purified by using a column with DEAE-Sepharose with percent yield obtained 14.8 %. Both crude and pure extracts were characterized by analyzing the total carbohydrate and sulfate by using spectrophotometer, functional group by using FT-IR spectroscopy and sugar component by using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by using the FRAP method for both crude and pure extract. Moreover, the polysaccharide crude extract gives higher antioxidant activity than the purified extract.

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Fu, Jianxin, Jiawei Shao, Meng Wang, Guixiang Zhang, and Yishan Fang. "Optimization of extraction of polysaccharides from Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. by ultrasonic: characterization, purification and antioxidant assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014501025.

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Under optimal extraction conditions, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from the Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. were investigated. This was the first report that described the composition of the polysaccharide form this plant. Obviously, the yield of 2.19% for extraction of polysaccharides was obtained as ethanol volume fraction of 65%, extraction time of 72 min, ultrasound assisted power of 438 W, and temperature of 85°C, respectively. The structure study was carried out with FT-IR and SEM, and the chemical contents of carbohydrates, proteins, uronic acids and total flavonoids were measured in this study. The crude polysaccharides were purified into two components including SGP-1-1 and SGP-2-1. Moreover, the chemical composition analysis according to HPLC showed that it was viscous polysaccharide, which mainly contained glucose, mannose, xylose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, respectively. Besides, it was proved that the optimum polysaccharides possessed higher significant potentials (P<0.05) in scavenging ability against DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical.

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Yamasaki, Takashi, Yuka Miyazaki, and Yuto Kamei. "Isolation of bacteria that decompose major polysaccharides in the cell wall of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis and their application for protoplast production." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-070.

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We attempted to screen for bacteria that could decompose major polysaccharides in the cell wall of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis from Porphyra-culturing farms to enable simple and high-yield preparation of protoplasts with the crude enzyme from a single bacterial origin. A total of 275 positive bacterial strains were isolated by enrichment culture supplemented with Porphyra powder or xylan. Nine strains were capable of producing protoplasts from Porphyra thalli in a 10-fold concentrated culture broth. These strains were identified as two Flavobacterium spp., one Alteromonas sp., four Acinetobacter spp., and two Vibrio spp. The crude enzymes of these bacteria could release 106 protoplast cells from 0.1 g of Porphyra thalli. The crude enzyme from Alteromonas sp. strain ND137 produced the most protoplasts among the nine strains tested. Moreover, an assay of the crude enzymes from the nine bacterial strains for glycosidase activity against four major polysaccharides (xylan, mannan, porphyran, and cellulose) of P. yezoensis revealed strong decomposing activity against these polysaccharides. Xylanase activity was highest in these glycosidases, suggesting that xylanase might be a very important factor in producing protoplasts from Porphyra thalli.Key words: Porphyra, cell wall, bacteria, decomposing polysaccharide.

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Gong, Fayong, Fenglin Li, Lili Zhang, Jing Li, Zhong Zhang, and Guangyao Wang. "Hypoglycemic Effects of Crude Polysaccharide from Purslane." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2009): 880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms10030880.

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Liu, Jian Tao, Zi Hao Deng, Jian Hua Huang, Ya Wang, Jun Chang, and Du Zhu. "Apple Snails Polysaccharide Extraction and Pharmacological Potential Study In Vitro." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.207.

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Apple Snails is a snail-like animal. Being snail-like animals recognized as an edible aquatic animal and widely employed in traditional Chinese medicine, this study intends to reveal pharmacological potential of Apple Snails polysaccharide. Crude soluble polysaccharide of Apple Snails was first extracted using the hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation method. And the crude polysaccharide was purified successively using the Sevag method. After purification we found that and apple snails is rich in polysaccharide and the total polysaccharide content can reach to 68.4%. Using Fenton reactions, we found that antioxidant potential efficiency of apple snails polysaccharide is dose-dependent and can reach to 83.77% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. Importantly, apple snails polysaccharide can efficiently inhibit lung cancer cell line A-549 proliferation in vitro and over 50% cell was killed in the dose of 200 mg/ml at 24 hours post treatment, implying that apple snails polysaccharide is a potential anti-tumor candidate.

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Feng, Jia-Yi, Yan-Qing Xie, Peng Zhang, Qian Zhou, Afsar Khan, Zhi-Hong Zhou, Xian-Song Xia, and Lu Liu. "Hepatoprotective Polysaccharides from Geranium wilfordii: Purification, Structural Characterization, and Their Mechanism." Molecules 27, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 3602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113602.

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Анотація:

Traditional Chinese Medicine is generally used as a decoction to guard health. Many active ingredients in the decoction are chemical ingredients that are not usually paid attention to in phytochemical research, such as polysaccharides, etc. Based on research interest in Chinese herbal decoction, crude polysaccharides from G. wilfordii (GCP) were purified to obtain two relatively homogeneous polysaccharides, a neutral polysaccharide (GNP), and an acid polysaccharide (GAP) by various chromatographic separation methods, which were initially characterized by GC-MS, NMR, IR, and methylation analysis. Studies on the hepatoprotective activity of GCP in vivo showed that GCP might be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of acute liver injury by inhibiting the secretion levels of ALT, AST, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expression levels, increasing SOD, and the GSH-Px activity value. Further, in vitro assays, GNP and GAP, decrease the inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, involved in the STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway.

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Zhang, Li Hua, Peng Zhao, Qing Hua Meng, and Yong Peng Du. "Decolorization of Limonium bicolor kunze (Bge.) Polysaccharides by Resins." Advanced Materials Research 978 (June 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.978.48.

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Анотація:

To select a suitable decolorizing resin for Limonium bicolor Kunze (Bge.). polysaccharides (LBPs), the decolorization effect of crude LBPs by five resins are studied. And the adsorption equilibrium of LBPs pigment on the selected resin was investigated.The results show that the decolorization ratios of LX-46 is higher than those of other resins. Under optimized dynamicad sorption conditions (flow rate of 1.5BV/h, 2BV of 6mg/ml LBPS solution in 298K), the decoloration, deproteinization and polysaccharide recovery ratios of LX-46 resin were 92.08%, 92.79% and 86.53%, respectively. The above results show that macroporous anion exchange resins are suitable for the decolorization of crude LBPs.

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Yang, Mingjun, Nehikhare Efehi, Yongming Jin, Qingchun Zhang, Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi, and Mohsen Toughani. "Hot Water Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and Determination of the Rheological Properties." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8155.

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The extraction condition of crude polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula by hot water reflux method was studied and the results analyzed by kinetic model. Then, the extraction rate and maximum extraction temperature were determined. furthermore, the thermal and pH stability and the rheological properties of the crude polysaccharide were also studied. crude Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CCPP) under different conditions was extracted by hot water reflux method, the content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid and DNS method, and the kinetic model of the extraction process was established. The viscosity was determined under different solute concentration, salt concentration, rotation speed, pH, and temperature. The thermal stability and pH stability were determined; the protein content and sulfate ion content were determined by the coomassie brilliant blue method and barium sulfate turbidimetry method, respectively. The yield of CCPP by the hot water reflux method was 25.72%. At 50 oC, the maximum extraction concentration, the rate constant and the linear relationship between the rate constant and the time were obtained at different ratios of material to liquid. The extraction process of this experiment coincided with Fick`s second law, R2 was greater than 0.88 and with the increase of extraction time, the dissolution rate increased, but with the increase of the ratio of material to liquid, the dissolution rate was decreased. CCPP showed a loss of polysaccharide fluidity as temperature increased and was affected by pH change. The apparent viscosity was affected by a change in solute concentration, temperature, pH, rotation speed and salt and sucrose concentrations.

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Dave, Dhwani T., and Gaurang B. Shah. "Pharmacological potential of naturally occurring nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 4, no. 6 (January 2, 2016): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2015.4607.

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Анотація:

Since ancient times, plants have been serving as a promising source of medicines and in recent times, extensive research has been made to isolate, characterize and screen a number of phytoconstituents/secondary plant metabolites for their pharmacological activities and safety in various disease models – both in vitro and in vivo. One such category of phytoconstituents is “polysaccharides”. These are found in different parts of the plant such as roots, leaves, stem and leaves and are extracted maximally in polar solvent – for eg. water extract of the afore mentioned plant parts contain the crude polysaccharide fraction. These are non-starch type in nature and can be a mixture of more than one type of polysaccharide too. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss such therapeutically active plant polysaccharides in terms of their wide pharmacologically active profile along with methods to isolate and characterize them in brief.

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Guo, Mi Mi, Hao Guo Tang, Hong Juan Yao, and Jie Zhi Guo. "Study on the Isolation of Polysaccharide from Purple Sweet Potato by DEAE-Cellulose 52." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1286.

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In this thesis the chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose 52 was used to isolate the crude polysaccharide from purple sweet potato (PPSP) . To get the purest polysaccharide from the purple sweet potato for the purpose, the influence of different pH environments and whether the fractions eluted with the high and low ionic strength eluents in corresponding pH environment during the elution process had the hybrid phenomenon were studied. Finally, results suggested that the purest polysaccharide of purple sweet potato would be got in the neutral and low ionic strength solution of NaCl when the crude polysaccharide was isolated by the chromatography column on DEAE-Cellulose 52 according to this study, and in this thesis the low ionic strength solution of NaCl was 11.7g.L-1, the elution rate of polysaccharide eluted with it was about 3% and the purity was about 94%.

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Soares, Cristiane M., Bruna G. Malagoli, Gustavo B. Menezes, Vanessa Pinho, Danielle G. Souza, Mauro M. Teixeira, and Fernão C. Braga. "Antiadhesive Activity of Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from Lithothamnion muelleri." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2012): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-7-806.

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Red seaweeds are known sources of polysaccharides, some of which possess antiadhesive properties by inhibition of P-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. We here report the chemical composition and the antiadhesive activity of polysaccharide-rich fractions from the red alga Lithothamnion muelleri (Hapalidiaceae). The crude fractions enriched in polysaccharides B1 and B2 were obtained, respectively, by sequential extraction with 1% and 2% (w/v) Na2CO3 solution, at 60 °C. Fractionation of B1 and B2 by gel permeation chromatography afforded three polysaccharide-rich fractions each, whose compositions were characterized by chemical analysis (total contents of carbohydrates, proteins, sulfate, and uronic acid); their molecular weights were estimated by high-performance gel permeation chromato graphy (HPGPC). The antiadhesive activity of B1-derived fractions was assayed by visualizing lipopolysaccharides-induced leukocyte rolling under intravital miscroscopy. The intravenous injection of fractions B1a and B1b in mice, at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, reduced leukocyte rolling by approximately 90%; fucoidan (10 mg/kg body weight) employed as positive control induced a similar response. Therefore, the sulfated polysaccharides of L. muelleri deserve further evaluation as potential templates for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.

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Evans Ngwenah, Foncham, Kada Sanda Antoine, Salah Martin, Tume Christopher, and Oumar Mahamat. "Free Radical Scavenging Capacities and Alleviating Actions of Polysaccharides Extract of Termitomyces le-testui on Methylprednisolone-Induced Immunodepression in Rats." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (November 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5893210.

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Background. Natural products have been said to show immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. The research study was aimed to assess the immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging activities of crude polysaccharide from dry mushroom fruiting bodies of Termitomyces le-testui. Materials and Methods. Hot water extract of polysaccharide extract of T. le-testui was prepared and tested in white albino Wister rats for its immunomodulatory activities effect on methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed animals. In addition, the radical scavenging activity of the polysaccharide was evaluated using nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. Results. The result of the study showed that the polysaccharide T. le-testui increases the phagocytic index, energy metabolism of macrophages, spleen index, and nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner in immunosuppressed animals. Also, it was observed that the extract increased dose-dependent total oxidative stress and thymus index. Finally, the crude polysaccharide-rich extract showed nitrite and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion. Polysaccharide-rich extract possesses immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties.

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Sun, Cong, Ge-yi Fu, Chong-ya Zhang, Jing Hu, Lin Xu, Rui-jun Wang, Yue Su, et al. "Isolation and Complete Genome Sequence of Algibacter alginolytica sp. nov., a Novel Seaweed-Degrading Bacteroidetes Bacterium with Diverse Putative Polysaccharide Utilization Loci." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 10 (March 11, 2016): 2975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00204-16.

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ABSTRACTThe members of the phylumBacteroidetesare recognized as some of the most important specialists for the degradation of polysaccharides. However, in contrast to research onBacteroidetesin the human gut, research on polysaccharide degradation by marineBacteroidetesis still rare. The genusAlgibacterbelongs to theFlavobacteriaceaefamily of theBacteroidetes, and most species in this genus are isolated from or near the habitat of algae, indicating a preference for the complex polysaccharides of algae. In this work, a novel brown-seaweed-degrading strain designated HZ22 was isolated from the surface of a brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain HZ22 represents a novel species in the genusAlgibacterwith the proposed nameAlgibacter alginolyticasp. nov. The genome of strain HZ22, the type strain of this species, harbors 3,371 coding sequences (CDSs) and 255 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 104 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and 18 polysaccharide lyases (PLs); this appears to be the highest proportion of CAZymes (∼7.5%) among the reported strains in the classFlavobacteria. Seventeen polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) are predicted to be specific for marine polysaccharides, especially algal polysaccharides from red, green, and brown seaweeds. In particular, PUL N is predicted to be specific for alginate. Taking these findings together with the results of assays of crude alginate lyases, we prove that strain HZ22Tcan completely degrade alginate. This work reveals that strain HZ22Thas good potential for the degradation of algal polysaccharides and that the structure and related mechanism of PUL in strain HZ22Tare worth further research.

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Wong, C. B., B. Y. Khoo, S. Sasidharan, W. Piyawattanametha, S. H. Kim, N. Khemthongcharoen, M. Y. Ang, L. O. Chuah, and M. T. Liong. "Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by crude and fractionated extract from lactic acid bacteria." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0021.

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Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search for non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of crude and fractionated cell-free supernatants (CFS) of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against a clinical strain of S. aureus. A total of 42 LAB strains were isolated and identified from fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and fermented products prior to evaluation of inhibitory activities. CFS of LAB strains exhibiting a stronger inhibitive effect against S. aureus were fractionated into crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions. Crude protein fractions showed greater inhibition against S. aureus compared to polysaccharide and lipid fractions, with a more prevalent effect from Lactobacillus plantarum 8513 and L. plantarum BT8513. Crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions were also characterised with glycine, mannose and oleic acid being detected as the major component of each fraction, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed roughed and wrinkled membrane morphology of S. aureus upon treatment with crude protein fractions of LAB, suggesting an inhibitory effect via the destruction of cellular membrane. This research illustrated the potential application of fractionated extracts from LAB to inhibit S. aureus for use in the food and health industry.

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Wongsariya, K., and P. Kanchanadumkerng. "Proximate composition of the edible part of purple passion fruit and santol and in vitro prebiotic activity of crude polysaccharide extracts." Food Research 5, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).657.

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This study aimed to evaluate the functional and prebiotic properties of the edible portions of certain tropical fruits in Thailand, passion fruit and santol. The proximate composition of passion fruit and santol were analysed which total carbohydrate was the major component in both samples. Total dietary fibre of passion fruit and santol was 44.81 and 26.82% (w/w), respectively, with the majority of insoluble dietary fibre. Soluble dietary fibre of both fruits was extracted by hot water and water-extractable polysaccharide was yielded at 16.47% and 25.24% (w/w) for passion fruit and santol, respectively. The functional properties of fruit fibre were informed, with the satisfactory oil holding capacity of santol polysaccharide. The effect of both fruit polysaccharides on proliferation number at 24 hrs was not different from inulin. Prebiotic activity score of fruit polysaccharide was calculated from the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum compared with the growth of the enteric pathogen, Escherichia coli corresponding to -0.25 and -0.23 for passion fruit and 0.10 and -0.01 for santol, respectively. In conclusion, both passion fruit and santol polysaccharide showed a distinct effect on the supportive growth of probiotic bacteria which may be potential candidate ingredient incorporated in probiotic food. From this evidence, the development of fruitbased synbiotics from passion fruit and santol migh be affordable.

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Zhu, Jiangxiong, Hui Zhou, Junyao Zhang, Fanglan Li, Kang Wei, Xinlin Wei, and Yuanfeng Wang. "Valorization of Polysaccharides Obtained from Dark Tea: Preparation, Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Properties." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102276.

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Анотація:

The structure and hypoglycemic activity of tea polysaccharides has been extensively studied, while there are few reports on the characterization and hypoglycemic activity of dark tea polysaccharides. The crude dark tea polysaccharide (CDTPS) was optimally extracted from Fuzhuan dark tea. Six polysaccharide fractions (namely DTPS-1, DTPS-2, DTPS-3, DTPS-4, DTPS-5, and DTPS-6) were isolated from CDTPS, and their physicochemical, structural, and biological properties were compared and analyzed. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics, and biological properties of the six DTPSs were different. Therein, DTPS-4 and DTPS-6 had looser morphology, faster solubility, and a more stable structure. Additionally, DTPS-4 had the optimum in vitro antioxidant capabilities, and DTPS-6 had the strongest in vitro hypoglycemic capabilities. In addition, a correlation analysis revealed that the molecular weight and uronic acid content were significantly related to their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Our results indicated that DTPS-4 and DTPS-6 could be further developed into functional foods or additives, respectively.

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Yue, Chonghui, Xiaodan Zang, Chao Chen, Liangwei Dong, Yanqiu Liu, and Guoping Yu. "Purification, characterization and in vitro bile salt-binding capacity of polysaccharides from Armillaria mellea mushroom." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 1 (March 6, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/182/2018-cjfs.

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Анотація:

The crude polysaccharides from Armillaria mellea were obtained with an ultrasound assisted enzymatic extraction and ethanol precipitation. Two polysaccharide fractions were obtained by ethanol precipitation, which were named AMP-1 and AMP-2. The results of the monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that AMP-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and fucose and that AMP-2 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and fucose. Glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharide fractions. The protein and nucleic acid contents in AMP-1 and AMP-2 were detected by using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. The bile salt-binding capacities of the polysaccharide samples were studied in vitro. In comparison with lentinan (LP), AMP-1 and AMP-2 showed increased bile salt-binding capacity. AMP-1 showed the highest binding capacity against all the bile salts. The findings presented in this study highlight the potential of the A. mellea polysaccharides as a natural hypolipidaemic agent.

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Huovinen, K., L. 't Hart, and W. v. d. Sluis. "Immunomodulatory Activity of Some Crude Lichen Polysaccharide Fractions." Planta Medica 55, no. 01 (February 1989): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961856.

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Zhao, Peng, Wen Hong Li, and Lin Li. "Decolorization of Crude Tussilago farfara L.Polysaccharide by Resins." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1054.

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To select a suitable decolorizing resin for crude Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharide(TPS), the decolorization effect of crude TPS by five resins are studied. And the adsorption equilibrium of TPS pigment on the selected resin was investigated.The results show that the decolorization ratios of LS-206 is higher than those of other resins. Under optimized dynamicad sorption conditions (flow rate of 1.5BV/h,2BV of 5mg/ml TPS solution in 298K), the decoloration, deproteinization and polysaccharide recovery ratios of LS-206 resin were 90.04%, 91.42% and 85.38%, respectively. The above results show thatmacroporous anion exchange resins are suitable for the decolorization of crude TPS.

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Ji, Yunfei, Ruijun Wang, Ying Peng, Chongsheng Peng, and Xiaobo Li. "Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2170258.

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Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction.

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Chang, Tanran, Hang Li, Hongning Lv, Minghui Tan, Shoubu Hou, Xu Liu, Meng Lian, Qingsheng Zhao, and Bing Zhao. "Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Anti-Aging, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Industrial Hemp Residues." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 5746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185746.

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A large amount of hemp polysaccharides remain in industrial hemp residues (IHR) after cannabidiol extraction, resulting in the waste of resources. Therefore, the systematic study of hemp polysaccharides is beneficial to the development of IHR in the future. In this study, the extraction of industrial hemp residues polysaccharide (IHRPs) was optimized by single-factor experiment and orthogonal experimental design. The optimum heating extraction conditions were extraction temperature 98 °C, solid–liquid ratio 1:10, extraction time 1 h, number of successive extractions 2, and pH at 4. The extraction ratio and the polysaccharide content were 20.12 ± 0.55% and 12.35 ± 0.26% at the conditions, respectively. Besides, the best alcohol precipitation conditions were pumping with 2 L/h, stirring continuously, and ice-water bath for 4 h. The crude IHRPs was further purified by column chromatography and the polysaccharide/protein contents of purified IHRPs were 34.44% and 1.61%. IHRPs was mainly made up of ten monosaccharides and some non-sugar components including organic acids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycoside. The FT-IR demonstrated the polysaccharide skeleton of IHRPs. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS scavenging rate of IHRPs were 76.00% and 99.05% at the concentrations of 1 mg/mL. IHRPs could promote the epidermal cells proliferation and healing of cell scratches. Meanwhile, IHRPs could promoted the expression of anti-aging-related genes. Overall, IHRPs could be a desirable natural source of antioxidants and anti-aging products in many aspects.

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Zhou, Hong Li, Yang Zhang, Qi Li Chen, and Di Chao Hou. "Deproteinization of Polysaccharide from the Stigma Maydis by Chitosan Method." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1152.

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This work was deproteinization in crude polysaccharide from the Stigma maydis by Chitosan method. According to deproteinization rate and polysaccharide loss rate as indexs, the optimized condition as follows: 0.1mL of chitosan, 12°C of temperature, 40 min of still time, and pH 7. The result showed that the deproteinization rate was 73.6% and the polysaccharide loss rate was 71.5%.

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Li, Xia, Rui Zhao, Hong Li Zhou, and De Heng Wu. "Deproteinization of Polysaccharide from the Stigma Maydis by Sevag Method." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.416.

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Анотація:

The aim of this work is to deproteinize crude polysaccharide from the Stigma maydis by sevag method. According to deproteinization rate and polysaccharide residual rate, the optimized process was deproteinization number (4 times), time of oscillating (11min), the volume ratio of sample to sevag reagent (2:1), the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butyl alcohol (5:1), deproteinization rate was 64.2%, the polysaccharide loss rate was 34.3%, and the purity of polysaccharide was increased from 11.5% to 32.3%.

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Liu, Xingxun, Changsheng Wang, Liya Liu, Sumei Zhou, and Yongyue Luo. "Rheological properties of the polysaccharide–protein complex from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp." RSC Advances 5, no. 72 (2015): 58663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10926d.

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Ghosh, Rajarshi, Daniel L. Bryant, and Anthony L. Farone. "Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 5854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245854.

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Анотація:

Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.

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Fajriah, Sofa, Ilmi Fadhilah Rizki, and Ellya Sinurat. "Characterization and analysis of the antidiabetic activities of sulphated polysaccharide extract from Caulerpa lentillifera." Pharmacia 68, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e73158.

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Caulerpa lentillifera is a type of green seaweed that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of the sulfated polysaccharides from C. lentillifera and evaluate its antidiabetic activity. In the initial process of this study, samples were macerated with ethanol (1:10). Then, the maceration residue was extracted with an accumulator at 75 °C for three hours. The crude extract yield was 4.16% based on weight seaweed. Ion chromatography purification with DEAE-Sepharose resin provided a yield of 14.8% of crude extract. The monomer analysis of C. lentillifera from the crude extract and purified extract revealed that galactose monomers were dominant and glucose was a minor component. The total carbohydrate and sulfate contents of purified C. lentillifera were higher than those of crude C. lentillifera. Bioactivity tests revealed that purified polysaccharides had higher antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase enzyme than crude ones with IC50 values of 134.81± 2.0 µg/mL. Purified sulfated polysaccharides of C. lentillifera could potentially be used as an antidiabetic medication.

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Nguyen, Thi-Hong-An, Hoang Thi Kim Dung, and Thi-Thuy-Huong Nguyen. "Extraction and physico-chemical characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cladodes." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/2/15510.

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Анотація:

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw., a well-known member of the Cactaceae family, played an important role in agriculture and medicine. In this study, the extraction conditions and the physico-chemical properties of water-soluble polysaccharides (OMP) from Opuntia dillenii mucilage were investigated. The cactus cladodes used in the study were collected from Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. The optimum extraction conditions of water extraction with conventional heating included at temperature 70oC in 120 min. The crude and deproteinized polysaccharides yield were 17.7 % and 7.9 %. By analysis of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the study showed that the polysaccharides possessed a low average molecular weight (129,681 Da). In addition, the characterization of polysaccharide was determined by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that the types of sugars in the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted.

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Liu, Chao, Suqian Zhao, Bao Zhong, Yulan Piao, Fuhua Liang, Wei Cui, and Fenglin Li. "Ultrasound-Microwave Co-Extraction and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Polysaccharides from Morchella Esculenta L. Mycelium Obtained through Submerged Fermentation." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 20, no. 4 (March 20, 2022): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.20:654-661.

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Morchella esculenta L. is a rare and the most valuable edible mushrooms. The polysaccharides of M. esculenta L. boast high nutrition and health values. This paper describes microwave extraction of the polysaccharides of M. esculenta L. by ultrasonic microwave. The optimal extraction conditions, optimized by single factor experiments and response surface method, were determined as follows: the ultrasonic power is 250 W, the microwave power is 220 W, and the extraction time is 7 min with a yield of polysaccharides at 4.425%. The crude polysaccharides of M. esculenta L. at 4 mg/mL exhibited hydroxyl radical, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging rates at 76.70%, 60.73%, and 80.87%, respectively. Its Fe2+ chelating rates increased from 45.63% to 82.50%, as the polysaccharide concentration increased from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/mL.

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Beutler, J. A., T. C. McKee, R. W. Fuller, M. Tischler, J. H. Cardellina, K. M. Snader, T. G. McCloud, and M. R. Boyd. "Frequent Occurrence of HIV-Inhibitory Sulphated Polysaccharides in Marine Invertebrates." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 4, no. 3 (June 1993): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029300400306.

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Aqueous extracts of many marine invertebrates have exhibited some activity in the National Cancer Institute's primary screen for anti-HIV cytopathicity. Using a variety of techniques, including gel permeation, size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography, toluidine blue metachromicity, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and combustion analyses, we have determined that this activity is largely due to sulphated polysaccharides. Because of the wide occurrence of this class of compounds in these organisms we sought a method for the rapid dereplication of sulphated polysaccharides. It was critical that the method selected for dereplication allow differentiation of anionic polysaccharides from other AIDS-antiviral chemotypes. After evaluating a variety of methods, we found that the most efficient strategy appeared to be precipitation of the polysaccharide fraction from aqueous ethanolic solutions of the crude aqueous extracts.

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KIM, Ah-Jin, Yeon-O. KIM, Jae-Seok SHIM, and Jae-Kwan HWANG. "Immunostimulating Activity of Crude Polysaccharide Extract Isolated fromCurcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71, no. 6 (June 23, 2007): 1428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60241.

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Gu, Fan, Liang Tao, Runling Chen, Jiao Zhang, Xingzhong Wu, Min Yang, Jun Sheng, and Yang Tian. "Ultrasonic-Cellulase Synergistic Extraction of Crude Polysaccharides from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Alleviation of Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 12405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012405.

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Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are a new food resource, rich in functional factors. MOL polysaccharides are important active macromolecules within MOL. However, there are problems, such as low extraction rates and lack of evidence for functional activity. Therefore, in this experiment, single-factor experiments were carried out using MOL powder as the raw material, and the Plackett–Burman test was used to screen the significantly influential test factors. The extraction process of MOL polysaccharide was optimized by response surface methodology. The insulin resistance alleviating activity of MOLP polysaccharides was initially explored. The results showed that the extraction of Moringa oleifera leaves crude polysaccharides (MOLP) by ultrasonic assisted cellulase enzymatic digestion was (17.03 ± 1.03)%, and the obtained MOLP was a crude polysaccharide with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 279.48 kDa, consisting of fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. MOLP had an IC50 value of 8.02 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and scavenging activity against free radicals such as ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion with an IC50 value of 0.21 mg/mL 0.31 mg/mL 0.97 mg/mL 0.49 mg/mL. At the same time, MOLP significantly enhanced the glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px activity, and reduced the MDA and ROS content in high glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells. This experiment improved the extraction rate of MOLP and demonstrated that MOLP has antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which can alleviate the insulin resistance of high glucose-induced HepG2 cells. It provides partial data support for the possible hypoglycemic effect of MOLP by alleviating oxidative stress, and also provides new ideas for the in-depth study of basic research and industrial application of MOLP.

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Yang, Guang, Keke Li, Cui Liu, Peipei Peng, Mei Bai, Jiaqi Sun, Qingling Li, Zhuohong Yang, Yuesheng Yang, and Hong Wu. "A Comparison of the Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Tetraploid and Diploid Echinacea purpurea." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8628531.

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Polyploidization is an effective means of improving the active components and quality of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. In the present study, we compared the immunostimulatory effects of crude polysaccharides from tetraploid and diploid Echinacea purpurea. The results showed that the carbohydrate contents of crude polysaccharide of tetraploid E. purpurea (CPE4) and diploid E. purpurea (CPE2) were 85.51% and 44.65%, respectively. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses showed no major differences in the overall structure and molecular weight of polysaccharides between CPE4 and CPE2. However, some differences in the relative content of the same polysaccharides group were observed between CPE4 and CPE2. In in vitro tests, EP4 could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of cytokines maximally at the concentration of 0.0312 mg/mL, and EP2 could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of cytokines maximally at the concentration of 0.125 mg/mL. In in vivo tests, EP4 was more effective at promoting the proliferation of lymphocytes and secretion of cytokines in mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide than EP2 at the same concentration. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the relative content of the partial polysaccharides group is increased, and the immunoregulatory effect is enhanced in tetraploid E. purpurea.

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Raghavendran, Hanumantha Rao Balaji, and Periasamy Srinivasan. "Effect of crude sulphated polysaccharide from brown algae against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y08-072.

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This study was conducted to examine the protective role of crude polysaccharide from brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum against acetaminophen-induced abnormality in blood glucose, serum albumin/globulin ratio, and liver glycogen, lactate, and pyruvate. Liver and renal tissue histology was performed to confirm the efficacy of Sargassum polysaccharide. A toxic dose of acetaminophen (800 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) induced severe abnormality in all basic parameters with apparent toxicity in liver (enlargement of hepatocytes, loss of cytoplasmic content with disruption in the hepatic plates and sinusoidal dilation) and renal tissue (glomerular damage with congestion of tubules). The isolated liver cells were stained with acridine orange and examined under fluorescence microscope, which revealed that the acetaminophen induced significant damage. In contrast, the rats pretreated with Sargassum polysaccharide (200 mg/kg body weight) daily for 3 weeks did not show liver and renal tissue with these severe aberrations induced by acetaminophen. Histology results were also consistent with analyzed basic biochemical parameters, which confirmed the effectiveness of the crude polysaccharide against acetaminophen-induced abnormality in rats.

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Sreekumar, O., and A. Hosono. "The antimutagenic properties of a polysaccharide produced by Bifidobacterium longum and its cultured milk against some heterocyclic amines." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-103.

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The antimutagenicity and fermentation pattern of three Bifidobacterium longum strains (B. longum, B. longum PS+, and B. longum PS-) in skim milk were studied. The increase in fermentation time significantly increased antimutagenicity with all strains tested against the mutagenicity of both 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) in an Ames-like test using streptomycin-dependent strain SD510 of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Bifidobacterium longum PS+, a polysaccharide-producing strain, had a longer lag phase but showed the highest inhibition percentage against both mutagens tested. The viability of B. longum PS+ cells was not affected by the low pH of 4.1, probably owing to the protection offered by the polysaccharide produced. The antimutagenicity of the fermented milk against Trp-P-1 was dose dependent. The strains were also able to bind with different amino acid pyrolysates, and B. longum showed the highest binding. Acetone extracts of fermented skim milk dissolved in water showed less antimutagenicity than extracts dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. The isolated crude polysaccharide from B. longum PS+ showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the mutagenicity of Trp-P-1. Thus, we conclude that the polysaccharide of B. longum PS+ can be used as an antimutagen.Key words: Bifidobacterium longum, polysaccharides, fermented milk, heterocyclic amines.

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