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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "CROWD KINETIC ENERGY"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "CROWD KINETIC ENERGY"

Gao, Yan-An, Qing-Shan Yang, and Yun Dong. "A Three-Dimensional Pedestrian–Structure Interaction Model for General Applications." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 09 (September 2018): 1850107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501079.

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A three-dimensional (3D) pedestrian–structure interaction (PSI) system based on the biomechanical bipedal model is presented for general applications. The pedestrian is modeled by a bipedal mobile system with one lump mass and two compliant legs, which comprise damping and spring elements. The continuous gaits of the pedestrian are maintained by a self-driven walking kinetic energy, which is a new driven mechanism for the mobile unit. This self-driven mechanism enables the pedestrian to operate at a varying total energy level, as an important component for further modeling of the crowd-structure dynamic interaction. Numerical studies show that the pedestrian walking on the structure leads to a reduction in the natural frequency, but an increase in the damping ratio of the structure. This model can also reproduce the reaction forces between the feet and structure, similar to those measured in the field. In addition, the proposed model can well describe the 3D pedestrian–structure dynamic interaction. It is recommended for use in further study of more complicated scenarios such as the dynamic interaction between a large scale kinetic crowd and slender footbridge.

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Toso, Marcelo André, and Herbert Martins Gomes. "Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model for Crowd-Footbridge Interaction." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p64-74.

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Nowadays there are growing interests in vibration serviceability assessments of composite footbridges. The new design trends of composite footbridges make them slender civil structures that may be affected by the load action of walking pedestrians resulting in large deflections or even uncomfortable vibrations. Furthermore, the presence of people on the footbridges causes the addition of mass to the structural system and due to the human body’s ability to absorb vibrational energy, an increase in structural damping. In this paper, the interaction between pedestrian and structure is modelled using data from pedestrian characteristics and vibration data from a measured footbridge as a comparison basis. A previously developed numerical model was used, this model called Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model (BSCM) consists of a fully synchronized force model in the longitudinal and lateral direction of pedestrian’s movement and a biodynamic model with mass, damping and stiffness parameters. The model is coupled with the structure using the Finite Element Method at the feet’s contact points. Pedestrians are treated as individuals with intrinsic kinetic and kinematic parameters following a measured correlation matrix obtained by the use of an especially designed force platform. Finally, the adequacy of the proposed model to represent the pedestrians as BSCM for the walking effects on the structure is investigated by experimentally measured accelerations on a footbridge (freely walking). The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results.

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Touber, Emile, and Nicolas Alferez. "Shock-induced energy conversion of entropy in non-ideal fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 864 (February 11, 2019): 807–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.25.

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From shaping cosmic structures in space to producing intense sounds in aircraft engines, shock waves in fluids ineluctably convert entropy fluctuations into swirling motions and sound waves. Studies of the corresponding conversion from internal energy to kinetic energy have so far been restricted to ideal (or idealised) fluids. Yet, many substances do not obey the ideal-gas law (including those in the above two examples). The present work demonstrates that non-ideal thermodynamic properties provide a remarkable degree of control over the conversion to solenoidal and dilatational kinetic energies. Of particular interest is the ability to suppress much of the emitted acoustic field whilst promoting mixing downstream of the shock. This is made possible by exploiting the convexity (or lack thereof) of the shock adiabats. Whilst illustrated here using dense vapours near the thermodynamic critical point, this ability to design and control specific shock-induced energy transfers extends beyond near-critical-point phenomena; e.g. shocked mixtures (high-speed dusty flows on Mars, nanoparticle formation in supersonic expanders for drug manufacturing), reacting fronts (supersonic combustion, rocket propulsion), ionising shocks (reentry systems, inertial confinement fusion) or fronts in active fluids (bacterial and crowd flows). This theoretical work, which demonstrates the predictive capabilities of linear theory, lays the foundation for future experimental investigations ultimately aimed at delivering novel shock-based flow-control strategies exploiting the thermodynamic properties of the fluid.

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Prasanth, Bathala, Rinika Paul, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, Ramani Kannan, Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar, Maddikera Kalyan Chakravarthi, and Nithya Venkatesan. "Maximizing Regenerative Braking Energy Harnessing in Electric Vehicles Using Machine Learning Techniques." Electronics 12, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051119.

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Innovations in electric vehicle technology have led to a need for maximum energy storage in the energy source to provide some extra kilometers. The size of electric vehicles limits the size of the batteries, thus limiting the amount of energy that can be stored. Range anxiety amongst the crowd prevents the entire population from shifting to a completely electric mode of transport. The extra energy harnessed from the kinetic energy produced due to braking during deceleration is sent back to the batteries to charge them, a process known as regenerative braking, providing a longer range to the vehicle. The work proposes efficient machine learning-based methods used to harness maximum braking energy from an electric vehicle to provide longer mileage. The methods are compared to the energy harnessed using fuzzy logic and artificial neural network techniques. These techniques take into consideration the state of charge (SOC) estimation of the battery, or the supercapacitor and the brake demand, to calculate the energy harnessed from the braking power. With the proposed machine learning techniques, there has been a 59% increase in energy extraction compared to fuzzy logic and artificial neural network methods used for regenerative energy extraction.

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Palomba, Ilaria, Alberto Doria, Edoardo Marconi, Matteo Bottin, and Giulio Rosati. "Vibration Energy Harvesting from Raindrops Impacts: Experimental Tests and Interpretative Models." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073249.

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The kinetic energy of raindrops is a large and renewable source of energy that nowadays can be exploited by means of piezoelectric harvesters. This study focuses on a new cantilever harvester that uses the impact of a drop on a liquid surface created on the harvester in order to improve the conversion from kinetic energy to electric energy. Experimental tests, carried out both outdoors and indoors, were performed to assess the validity of the proposed design. The voltage obtained with the impact on the liquid surface was about four times larger than the one obtained with the impact on a dry surface. The phenomena that lead to the increased performance of the harvester were analyzed both experimentally, by means of a high-speed camera, and analytically, by means of a mathematical model. The camera footage showed a clear relationship between the waveform of the generated voltage and the various phases of the impact (crown formation, crown collapse, and sloshing). The mathematical model developed herein, which was based on the oscillation of the liquid mass caused by the impact and on the linear momentum equation, is simple and can be used to estimate the measured voltage within a good approximation.

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Gabor, Andreea, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Adina Negrea, Mihaela Ciopec, and Lavinia Lupa. "Behaviour of Silica and Florisil as Solid Supports in the Removal Process of As(V) from Aqueous Solutions." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/562780.

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In this study two solid supports, silica and florisil, were impregnated with crown ether (dibenzo-18-crown-6) and Fe(III) ions and their efficiency was compared in the adsorption process of As(V) from aqueous solutions. The solid supports were impregnated with crown ether due to their ability to build complexes with positives ions. Fe(III) was used because of As(V) affinity for it. The impregnated solid supports were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the specific surface area. The influence of the solid : liquid ratio on the adsorption process, kinetic studies for the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, and activation energy were studied. Thermodynamic studies as well as equilibrium studies were carried out. The obtained results showed that, from the two considered materials, impregnated silica presents a higher efficiency with a good selectivity, able to remove As(V) from aqueous solutions containing trace concentrations.

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Zhou, Jun Wei, and Da Zheng Wang. "Parametric Study of Crowned Blade in Horizontal Axial Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.443.

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The horizontal axial turbine could extract kinetic energy from both wind and tidal stream. In this paper, a type of horizontal axial turbine was designed with a crown stalled on the blade tip and the turbine was analyzed in a tidal stream. Several turbines with different geometries of the crowns were compared, whose power coefficients were numerically simulated by the CFD method. Effects of the crown design parameters, such as crown setting directions and different widths on turbine efficiency were discussed. Furthermore, when the turbine worked at different tip speed ratio, the results were discussed, either. By analysis of the results, it is could be concluded that a circular crown was sufficient to eliminate blade tip loss caused by tip leakage flow. The upstream semicircle crown modified the corresponding side foil pressure distribution to the design value, and so did the downstream semicircle crown. In the ellipse crowns testing, turbine efficiency was approximately in line with the value of crowns width. When the turbine with the circular crown worked at a little higher tip speed ratio than the design value, the crown was effective as before.

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Nanko, Kazuki. "Relationship between Throughfall Kinetic Energy and Tree Height, Crown Bottom Height, and Crown Length for Japanese Cypress Plantation." Journal of the Japanese Forest Society 95, no. 4 (2013): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4005/jjfs.95.234.

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Cao, Yan, Jingxin Wang, and Chunling Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Microscale Oblique Droplet Impact on Liquid Film." Aerospace 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020119.

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The oblique impact of microscale water droplets on liquid film is numerically investigated. Two-phase flow problems are simulated using three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and the level-set method is employed for capturing the gas-liquid interface. The numerical model is verified using experimental results from a normal and oblique impact via the qualitative comparison of crown profile features and quantitative contrast of the crown height and radius varying with time. The article discusses the influence of tangential impact velocity, water film thickness, Reynolds number, and Weber number on the shape characteristics, tangential momentum, and kinetic energy of the annular crown. The results show that the decreasing momentum in the tangential direction can be divided into three clear stages: rapid decrease, slight increase, and continuous decrease. In addition, film thickness and Weber number have significant effects on the momentum decay rate.

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Nishimura, Norio, Tohru Tanaka, and Takushi Motoyama. "Additivity of the partial molar volumes of organic compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 2248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-375.

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A critical test of additivity for partial molar volume has been made at 25 °C in CCl4 with polyethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, crown ethers, cycloalkanes, n-alkanes, and others. Plots of partial molar volume at infinite dilution [Formula: see text] against the properly chosen number of repeating unit (n) are linear except for small cyclic molecules, and the slopes of homologous straight chain and ring compounds are the same. The values of [Formula: see text] extrapolated to n = 0 for cycloalkanes and crown ethers support the validity of the contribution due to the translational kinetic energy that has been predicted recently on a theoretical basis. The importance of packing efficiencies around the solute molecules has been examined by means of simple models.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "CROWD KINETIC ENERGY"

Golchert, B., C. Q. Zhou, S. L. Chang, and M. Petrick. "Investigation of Spectral Radiation Heat Transfer and NOx Emission in a Glass Furnace." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1663.

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Abstract A comprehensive radiation heat transfer model and a reduced NOx kinetics model were coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and then used to investigate the radiation heat transfer, pollutant formation and flow characteristics in a glass furnace. The radiation model solves the spectral radiative transport equation in the combustion space of emitting and absorbing media, i.e., CO2, H2O, and soot and emission/reflection from the furnace crown. The advanced numerical scheme for calculating the radiation heat transfer is extremely effective in conserving energy between radiation emission and absorption. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the impact of operating conditions on the furnace performance with emphasis on the investigation into the formation of NOx.

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Liang, Gangtao, Haibing Yu, Liuzhu Chen, and Shengqiang Shen. "Interaction of Impact Liquid Drop With Splat in Spray Cooling." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3908.

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Abstract This study investigates the interaction between an impacting liquid drop and a splat generated on a solid prior to impact, focusing mainly on the wave production and propagation on the splat with low impact velocity. Using high-speed video, the wave generation concerning the effects of Weber number is observed and analyzed, including the first wave caused by drop kinematic energy, the secondary and tertiary capillary waves subjected to surface tension. Also, the wave propagation magnitude is discussed, the purpose of which is to provide a suitable method for predicting the wave diameter. Results show that the increasing of Weber number is slightly against the wave propagation, but this effect weakens gradually. The kinematic discontinuity theory devised for crown propagation can be applied to predict the wave propagation magnitude with an excellent agreement, for both the kinematic wave and the capillary wave. In addition, the propagation speed of the wave during the drop-splat interaction is also analyzed.

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Wasekar, Vivek M., Raj M. Manglik, and Milind A. Jog. "Numerical Investigation of Marangoni Convection Around a Vapor Bubble in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1533.

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Abstract The effect of surfactant concentration on the Marangoni convection around vapor bubbles has been numerically investigated. The model consists of an adiabatic, hemispherical bubble on a downward facing constant temperature heated wall, in a fluid pool with an initial uniform temperature gradient. The time-dependent liquid mass, momentum, energy, surfactant bulk and surface transport, and adsorption kinetic rate equations are solved simultaneously. Conditions for bubble sizes varying from boiling nuclei to growing bubbles, and different surfactant bulk concentrations and wall heat flux levels are represented by a range of Marangoni and Rayleigh numbers: 100 ≤ MaT ≤ 6000, 0 ≤ MaS ≤ 2.2×106, 0 ≤ Ra ≤ 2.2. In the early transients, liquid motion is found to be induced by the temperature non-uniformity over the bubble surface, which along with self-diffusion, transports surfactant molecules from the bulk liquid towards the bubble surface. Consequently, the surface excess concentration is higher at the bubble base and decreases along the interface towards the bubble crown. The resulting concentration gradients promote diffusocapillary flows, which act in the same direction as the temperature-gradient induced thermocapillary flows, thereby enhancing the convection significantly. Also, for conditions representing boiling nuclei (in both partially and fully developed boiling regimes), the initial time transients appear to be heat flux independent.

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Kozharinov, Egor, and Jury Temis. "Simulation of Accessory Drives Bevel Gears Dynamic Conditions." In ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8139.

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Bevel gears of modern aviation motors operate at high rotation velocities and transmitted torques. High dynamic load in bevel mesh due to impact interaction of teeth in contact actuates gear rim oscillations. Coincidence of dynamic load frequency and bevel gear natural frequency of nodal diameter can cause oscillation amplitude grow and gear rim breakdown. By harmonic response analysis it is shown, that highest stresses in gear rim appears during gear oscillation by two or three nodal diameters. Gear root is a stress concentration in this case. In this paper methods of bevel gears dynamic behavior simulation are considered. A 3D solid dynamic model of bevel gear drive with transient contact interaction between pinion and gear by curvilinear teeth subject to tooth profile modification has been developed. An actuation was made by kinematic way by applying rotational velocity to driving pinion. A transmitted torque is applied to driven gear. An energy dissipation in gear material is considered in model. A transmission error of bevel gears depending on profile modification, transmitted torque and diaphragm stiffness is calculated. It is shown, that applying tooth profile modification helps to avoid stress concentration on teeth flank, decreases transmission error and derivatives of it’s function. As a result of calculation a function of disturbing force, actuating in gear mesh, dynamic transmission error and first principal stresses of gear crown face in time domain has been obtained. A spectral analysis of disturbing force and first principal stresses of gear rim is executed. As a result, it is shown, that gearing mesh is a source of poly-harmonic excitation of bevel gears. The maximum amplitude in contact force spectra is at frequency four times greater, than tooth frequency, and the maximum amplitude in first principal stresses of gear crown face spectra is at tooth frequency. Using a first principal stresses law of variation a new criterion of bevel gear rim strength is obtained.

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