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Статті в журналах з теми "Cross linkage"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Chien, Mei-Se, Neng-Huei Lee, and Chih-Yang Cheng. "Housing markets’ linkage between China and Taiwan." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 826–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the linkage of regional housing markets between Taiwan and China as increasing economic integration. Design/methodology/approach Two time-varying estimations of cointegration tests, Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test with structural break and the recursive coefficients of cointegration (Hansen and Johansen, 1993) are applied to trace the possible dynamic linkage of cross-border regional housing prices between Taiwan and China. Findings First, the estimating results of the long-run relationships show that increasing housing prices in Beijing and Shanghai decrease Taipei’s house prices, while Shenzhen and Chengdu have converse effects. The technologies’ levels of Taiwanese industries surrounding the cities in China will affect the direction of the linkage of regional housing prices between the two economies. Second, in light of causalities of these five housing prices’ changes, Beijing and Shanghai lead Taipei and Shanghai leads Chengdu, which, in turn, leads Shenzhen. Finally, the results of time-varying cointegration tests show that some critical economic and political incidents changed the linkages of housing prices between Taipei and the four cities in China. Originality/value Although some empirical works examined the linkages between cross-border house prices in Europe and the USA, study has looked at the linkages of cross-border housing prices between Taiwan and China. This is an interesting topic insofar as house price integration has implications for wealth effects that feed into consumer expenditure in both Taiwan and China. The empirical evidence overall displays the existence of the integration of regional housing markets between Taiwan and China. For the longer-term future, increasing economic integration between China and other Asia countries will result in greater and more diversified cross-border housing markets and pools of investors.

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2

Jain, Rajat, Sayan Basu, and Prashant Garg. "Corneal collagen cross-linkage in keratoconus." British Journal of Ophthalmology 97, no. 1 (October 19, 2012): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302322.

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3

Witte, Susan, Rogerio M. Pinto, Prema Filippone, C. Jean Choi, and Melanie Wall. "Engaging patients in the HIV care continuum through referral-making behaviours and patterns: A descriptive cross-sectional study." International Health Trends and Perspectives 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v2i1.1546.

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Introduction: HIV continuum of care consists of five steps needed to effectively treat and prevent the spread of HIV. Linkage to and retention of patients to this Continuum of Care is a global priority. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the quality of this Continuum, as people living with HIV, have had to shelter reducing their access to services. As well, HIV agencies have had to close, reduce hours, and shift personnel. Purpose and Methods: The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to examine the person-centered referral-making behaviors and patterns used by providers to engage patients in the care continuum. Three classes of linkage behaviors among 285 providers in 34 community agencies in New York City were identified using latent class analysis. Results: These linkage behaviors include High (48%); Moderate (34%); and Low (18%). Both High and Moderate consisted of a blend of active and passive strategies and tracking systems. The High included more active strategies such as escorting patients to appointments. Linkage class membership was significantly associated with frequency of linkages to primary care (p=.020). COVID-19 disruptions demonstrate how the Care Continuum has been undermined by insufficient organizational resources. Conclusion: Findings suggest, addresses gaps in linkages should enhance the overall Continuum of Care provided to individuals diagnosed and living with HIV.

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4

Turpin, JA, CA Schaeffer, SJ Terpening, L. Graham, M. Bu, and WG Rice. "Reverse Transcription of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 is Blocked by Retroviral Zinc Finger Inhibitors." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 8, no. 1 (February 1997): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029700800107.

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The Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa4-His-Xaa4-Cys zinc fingers of retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins are prime antiviral targets due to conservation of the Cys and His chelating residues and the absolute requirement of these fingers in both early and late phases of retroviral replication. Certain 2,2′-dithiobisbenzamides (DIBAs) chemically modify the Cys residues of the fingers, thereby inhibiting in vitro replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We examined the consequences of DIBA interaction with cell-free virions and their subsequent ability to initiate new rounds of infection. The DIBAs entered intact virions and chemically modified the p7NC proteins, resulting in extensive disulphide cross-linkage among zinc fingers of adjacent p7NC molecules. Likewise, treatment of Pr55gag-laden pseudovirions, used as a model of virion particles, with DIBAs resulted in Pr55gag cross-linkage. In contrast, monomeric p7NC protein did not form cross-linkages after DIBA treatment, indicating that the retroviral zinc finger proteins must exist in close proximity for cross-linkage to occur. Cross-linkage of p7NC in virions correlated with loss of infectivity and decreased proviral DNA synthesis during acute infection, even though DIBAs did not inhibit virus attachment to host cells or reverse transcriptase enzymatic activity. Thus, DIBA-type molecules impair the ability of HIV-1 virions to initiate reverse transcription through their action on the retroviral zinc finger, thereby blocking further rounds of replication.

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5

Wilson, William A., Sandra E. Harrington, Wendy L. Woodman, Michael Lee, Mark E. Sorrells, and Susan R. McCouch. "Inferences on the Genome Structure of Progenitor Maize Through Comparative Analysis of Rice, Maize and the Domesticated Panicoids." Genetics 153, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.1.453.

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Abstract Corn and rice genetic linkage map alignments were extended and refined by the addition of 262 new, reciprocally mapped maize cDNA loci. Twenty chromosomal rearrangements were identified in maize relative to rice and these included telomeric fusions between rice linkage groups, nested insertion of rice linkage groups, intrachromosomal inversions, and a nonreciprocal translocation. Maize genome evolution was inferred relative to other species within the Panicoideae and a progenitor maize genome with eight linkage groups was proposed. Conservation of composite linkage groups indicates that the tetrasomic state arose during maize evolution either from duplication of one progenitor corn genome (autoploidy) or from a cross between species that shared the composite linkages observed in modern maize (alloploidy). New evidence of a quadruplicated homeologous segment on maize chromosomes 2 and 10, and 3 and 4, corresponded to the internally duplicated region on rice chromosomes 11 and 12 and suggested that this duplication in the rice genome predated the divergence of the Panicoideae and Oryzoideae subfamilies. Charting of the macroevolutionary steps leading to the modern maize genome clarifies the interpretation of intercladal comparative maps and facilitates alignments and genomic cross-referencing of genes and phenotypes among grass family members.

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6

Terauchi, Ryohei, and Günter Kahl. "Mapping of the Dioscorea tokoro genome: AFLP markers linked to sex." Genome 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-001.

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Two framework linkage maps were constructed for the genome of the dioecious wild yam species Dioscorea tokoro. The pseudo-testcross strategy was employed, using 271 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), five sequence-tagged microsatellite sites, one isozyme, and one morphological marker. For the two parents DT7 and DT5 used in the cross, 13 and 12 linkage groups, respectively, were identified. The total map lengths were 669 and 613 cM, respectively, for DT7 and DT5, which cover more than 75% of the D. tokoro genome. Ten AFLP markers heterozygous only in the male parent showed tight linkages with the sex of its progeny, which suggests that male is the heterogametic sex (XY) and the female is the homogametic sex (XX).Key words: Dioscorea tokoro, yam, linkage map, AFLP, sex determination.

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7

Messmer, M. M., M. Keller, S. Zanetti, and B. Keller. "Genetic linkage map of a wheat×spelt cross." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98, no. 6-7 (May 1999): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051181.

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8

Chang, Myung Chul, T. Ikoma, and J. Tanaka. "Cross-linkage of hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite using EGDE." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 16/17 (August 2004): 5547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000039284.70028.fa.

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9

Zhang, Xin, Zai Liang Chen, and Hui Gao. "Constant-Universal Joint of Double Cross-Cross Ring Based on Spatial Linkage." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1544.

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This paper discuss the develepment of constant-universal joint and bing up a new type of constant-universal Joint through analysing the advantages and disadvantages of constant-universal joint and simulation of movement with PROE that testified its possibility of constantspeed.the new type constant-universal Joint can attain the same function of Thomson constant-universal Joint,iding capacity,low friction loss and bearing axial load.Further,it get a more effective centring type.

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10

Sosinski, Bryon, W. V. Baird, S. Rajapakse, R. E. Ballard, and A. G. Abbott. "Generation of a Highly Saturated Linkage Map in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Using AFLP and RFLP Markers." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 592b—592. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.592b.

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We have developed a highly saturated genetic linkage map in peach (diploid, 2n = 16) using two separate crosses. The first population consists of 48 randomly selected F2 individuals which were generated by selfing an F1 from the cross of `New Jersey Pillar' x KV 77119. This progeny set exhibits segregation for gross morphological traits including: canopy shape, fruit flesh color, and flower petal color, size, and number. The second population contains 48 F2 progeny derived from the cross of `Suncrest' x `Bailey'. These progeny segregate for quality traits such as fruit diameter, weight, flesh color, cling vs. free stone, soluble solids, pH of juice extract, and fruit developmental period. Nine linkage groups were identified in the first cross, which cover 590 cM of the genome. In the second cross, eight linkage groups were found that contain several significant chromosomal intervals contributing to fruit quality characteristics by QTL analysis. Anchor loci present in both maps were used to join the linkage groups to create a single combined map of the peach genome. Physical mapping is currently underway to assign the each linkage group to the appropriate chromosome.

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11

Oh, Boung-Jun, Richard A. Frederiksen, and Clint W. Magill. "Identification of RFLP markers linked to a gene for downy mildew resistance (Sdm) in sorghum." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-038.

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The Sdm locus in sorghum accession SC325 confers resistance to downy mildew caused by pathotypes 1 and 3 of Peronosclerospora sorghi. Restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage analysis placed the Sdm locus near loci detected by probes pSbTXS552 and pSbTXS361 at 5.0 and 7.9 cM, respectively. Fragment patterns for the cross segregating for disease resistance differed from those for the original mapping cross, preventing assignment of Sdm to a linkage group. Keywords: Peronosclerospora sorghi, resistance, RFLP, linkage, hybrid breeding.

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12

Chang, Myung Chul, and William H. Douglas. "Cross-linkage of hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite using imide-based zero-length cross-linker." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 18, no. 10 (June 9, 2007): 2045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3152-0.

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13

Yan, Su, Scott Spangler, and Ying Chen. "Cross Media Entity Extraction and Linkage for Chemical Documents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7832.

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Text and images are two major sources of information in scientific literature. Information from these two media typically reinforce and complement each other, thus simplifying the process for human to extract and comprehend information. However, machines cannot create the links or have the semantic understanding between images and text. We propose to integrate text analysis and image processing techniques to bridge the gap between the two media, and discover knowledge from the combined information sources, which would be otherwise lost by traditional single-media based mining systems. The focus is on the chemical entity extraction task because images are well known to add value to the textual content in chemical literature. Annotation of US chemical patent documents demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposal.

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14

Maskati, QureshB. "Collagen cross-linkage with riboflavin by Dr. Vinay Agarwal." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 58, no. 2 (2010): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.60068.

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15

Hiraoka, H. "Contrast enhancement of resist images by surface cross-linkage." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 6, no. 6 (November 1988): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.584073.

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16

Everdeen, Daniel S., Stefanie Kiefer, James J. Willard, E. Patrick Muldoon, Prakash M. Dey, Xiong-biao Li, and Derek T. A. Lamport. "Enzymic Cross-Linkage of Monomeric Extensin Precursors in Vitro." Plant Physiology 87, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.87.3.616.

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17

Obadia, Claude, and Irena Vida. "Cross-border relationships and performance: Revisiting a complex linkage." Journal of Business Research 64, no. 5 (May 2011): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.03.006.

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18

Braun, Peter. "Cross-Specialty Linkage of Resource-Based Relative Value Scales." JAMA 260, no. 16 (October 28, 1988): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410160066008.

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19

De Sanctis, G. T., J. B. Singer, A. Jiao, C. N. Yandava, Y. H. Lee, T. C. Haynes, E. S. Lander, D. R. Beier, and J. M. Drazen. "Quantitative trait locus mapping of airway responsiveness to chromosomes 6 and 7 in inbred mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 277, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): L1118—L1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.6.l1118.

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Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify chromosomal regions contributing to airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured in A/J and C3H/HeJ parental strains as well as in progeny derived from crosses between these strains. QTL mapping of backcross [(A/J × C3H/HeJ) × C3H/HeJ] progeny ( n = 137–227 informative mice for markers tested) revealed two significant linkages to loci on chromosomes 6 and 7. The QTL on chromosome 6 confirms the previous report by others of a linkage in this region in the same genetic backgrounds; the second QTL, on chromosome 7, represents a novel locus. In addition, we obtained suggestive evidence for linkage (logarithm of odds ratio = 1.7) on chromosome 17, which lies in the same region previously identified in a cross between A/J and C57BL/6J mice. Airway responsiveness in a cross between A/J and C3H/HeJ mice is under the control of at least two major genetic loci, with evidence for a third locus that has been previously implicated in an A/J and C57BL/6J cross; this indicates that multiple genetic factors control the expression of this phenotype.

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20

TURNER, S. M., E. S. POWELL, and C. S. S. NG. "The Effect of Ultrasound on the Healing of Repaired Cockerel Tendon: Is Collagen Crosslinkage a Factor?" Journal of Hand Surgery 14, no. 4 (August 1989): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_89_90161-7.

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The acid solubility of the collagen of cockerel tendon demonstrates a similar degree of intermolecular acid-labile cross-linkage to that found in adult human tendon, implying similar maturity of the collagen. By contrast, rabbit tendon collagen demonstrates a dissimilar degree of cross-linkage suggesting immaturity of the collagen. Since this cross-linkage is likely to be related to mechanical properties, the cockerel may well be a better animal model than the rabbit for the study of tendon healing. The application of ultrasound to sutured cockerel tendons produced no change in the mechanical strength of the tendon at six weeks, or its propensity to form adhesions, relative to untreated control sutured tendons. This contrasts with the decrease in strength after ultrasound found by previous workers using rabbits.

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21

Knapik, E. W., A. Goodman, O. S. Atkinson, C. T. Roberts, M. Shiozawa, C. U. Sim, S. Weksler-Zangen, et al. "A reference cross DNA panel for zebrafish (Danio rerio) anchored with simple sequence length polymorphisms." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.451.

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The ultimate informativeness of the zebrafish mutations described in this issue will rest in part on the ability to clone these genes. However, the genetic infrastructure required for the positional cloning in zebrafish is still in its infancy. Here we report a reference cross panel of DNA, consisting of 520 F2 progeny (1040 meioses) that has been anchored to a zebrafish genetic linkage map by 102 simple sequence length polymorphisms. This reference cross DNA provides: (1) a panel of DNA from the cross that was used to construct the genetic linkage map, upon which polymorphic gene(s) and genetic markers can be mapped; (2) a fine order mapping tool, with a maximum resolution of 0.1 cM; and (3) a foundation for the development of a physical map (an ordered array of clones each containing a known portion of the genome). This reference cross DNA will serve as a resource enabling investigators to relate genes or genetic markers directly to a single genetic linkage map and avoid the problem of integrating different maps with different genetic markers, as must be currently done when using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers, or as has occurred with human genetic linkage maps.

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22

Driehuis, F., B. de Jonge, and N. Nanninga. "Cross-linkage and cross-linking of peptidoglycan in Escherichia coli: definition, determination, and implications." Journal of Bacteriology 174, no. 6 (1992): 2028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.174.6.2028-2031.1992.

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23

Whitkus, R., J. Doebley, and M. Lee. "Comparative genome mapping of Sorghum and maize." Genetics 132, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.1119.

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Abstract Linkage relationships were determined among 85 maize low copy number nuclear DNA probes and seven isozyme loci in an F2 population derived from a cross of Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor x S. bicolor ssp. arundinaceum. Thirteen linkage groups were defined, three more than the 10 chromosomes of sorghum. Use of maize DNA probes to produce the sorghum linkage map allowed us to make several inferences concerning processes involved in the evolutionary divergence of the maize and sorghum genomes. The results show that many linkage groups are conserved between these two genomes and that the amount of recombination in these conserved linkage groups is roughly equivalent in maize and sorghum. Estimates of the proportions of duplicated loci suggest that a larger proportion of the loci are duplicated in the maize genome than in the sorghum genome. This result concurs with a prior estimate that the nuclear DNA content of maize is three to four times greater than that of sorghum. The pattern of conserved linkages between maize and sorghum is such that most sorghum linkage groups are composed of loci that map to two maize chromosomes. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesized ancient polyploid origin of maize and sorghum. There are nine cases in which locus order within shared linkage groups is inverted in sorghum relative to maize. These may have arisen from either inversions or intrachromosomal translocations. We found no evidence for large interchromosomal translocations. Overall, the data suggest that the primary processes involved in divergence of the maize and sorghum genomes were duplications (either by polyploidy or segmental duplication) and inversions or intrachromosomal translocations.

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24

Bliss, F. A., S. Arulsekar, M. R. Foolad, V. Becerra, A. M. Gillen, M. L. Warburton, A. M. Dandekar, G. M. Kocsisne, and K. K. Mydin. "An expanded genetic linkage map of Prunus based on an interspecific cross between almond and peach." Genome 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-011.

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The genetic linkage map of Prunus constructed earlier and based on an interspecific F2 population resulting from a cross between almond (Prunus dulcis D.A. Webb) and peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) was extended to include 8 isozyme loci, 102 peach mesocarp cDNAs, 11 plum genomic clones, 19 almond genomic clones, 7 resistance gene analogs (RGAs), 1 RGA-related sequence marker, 4 morphological trait loci, 3 genes with known function, 4 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, 1 RAPD, and 1 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAP) marker. This map contains 161 markers placed in eight linkage groups that correspond to the basic chromosome number of the genus (x = n = 8) with a map distance of 1144 centimorgans (cM) and an average marker density of 6.8 cM. Four more trait loci (Y, Pcp, D, and SK) and one isozyme locus (Mdh1) were assigned to linkage groups based on known associations with linked markers. The linkage group identification numbers correspond to those for maps published by the Arús group in Spain and the Dirlewanger group in France. Forty-five percent of the loci showed segregation distortion most likely owing to the interspecific nature of the cross and mating system differences between almond (obligate outcrosser) and peach (selfer). The Cat1 locus, known to be linked to the D locus controlling fruit acidity, was mapped to linkage group 5. A gene or genes controlling polycarpel fruit development was placed on linkage group 3, and control of senesced leaf color (in late fall season) (LFCLR) was mapped to linkage group 1 at a putative location similar to where the Y locus has also been placed.Key words: Prunus, molecular markers, RFLPs, resistance gene analogs (RGAs), polycarpel fruit, stone fruits.

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25

Serquen, Felix C., J. Bacher, and J. Staub. "A Linkage Map and QTL Analysis using RAPD Markers in a Narrow Cross in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 601f—602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.601f.

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Linkage maps in cucumber have been constructed in broad and narrow genetic base populations, using mostly RFLPs. RAPD markers are believed to be more advantageous than RFLPs for mapping in narrow crosses. An F3 population derived from F2 intercrossing cucumber inbred lines (G421 and H19) was used to construct a linkage map and to perform QTL analysis for horticultural traits recorded in two locations. One hundred three F3 families were used for mapping purpose. The parents were screened using ≈1500 primers yielding 80 RAPD markers that exhibited expected 3:1 Mendelian segregation. Additionally, female sex expression (F), little leaf (l), and determinate (de) loci also were evaluated in the segregating population. The linkage analysis and mapping was performed with MAPMAKER software, using a LOD score of 3.0 and recombination frequency of 0.40. QTL analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and MAPMAKER/QTL. The linkage map integrates 83 map-points assembled into nine linkage groups. F and de loci mapped to linkage group `B', and the l locus was placed on linkage group `D'. The total map length is 628 cM, with an average distance between loci of 8.4 cM. Results from using one-way ANOVA and MAPMAKER/QTL had a good agreement for most QTL detected. Some QTL were location specific. Across locations four, one and three QTL were detected for sex expression, mainstem length, and number of laterals, respectively.

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26

Valverde, Roberto, and Tony H. H. Chen. "RAPD Linkage Map Based on an Interspecific Cross between Solanum commersonii and Solanum cardiophyllum." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 623e—623. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.623e.

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To generate a linkage map for further genetic analysis of the traits involved in cold hardiness of potato, we are constructing a RAPD-based linkage map using a two-generation interspecific pedigree of Solanum commersonii and S. cardiophyllum, a hardy and non-hardy species, respectively. We initially screened 220 primers of 10-base arbitrary sequences and selected 86 to amplify a total of 577 polymorphic bands: 301 S. commersonii-specific and 276 S. cardiophyllum-specific bands. Segregation of a total of 247 markers was scored on a population of 44 F1 individuals. From these 247 markers, we have identified 117 markers, which segregate 1:1 in the F1 progeny following a test cross configuration. A RAPD linkage map for S. commersonii will be presented.

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27

Aitken, K. S., P. A. Jackson, and C. L. McIntyre. "Construction of a genetic linkage map for Saccharum officinarum incorporating both simplex and duplex markers to increase genome coverage." Genome 50, no. 8 (August 2007): 742–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-056.

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Saccharum officinarum L. is an octoploid with 80 chromosomes and a basic chromosome number of x = 10. It has high stem sucrose and contributes 80% of the chromosomes to the interspecific sugarcane cultivars that are grown commercially for sucrose. A genetic linkage map was developed for S. officinarum (clone IJ76-514) using a segregating population generated from a cross between Q165 (a commercial sugarcane cultivar) and IJ76-514. In total, 40 AFLP and 72 SSR primer pairs were screened across the population, revealing 595 polymorphic bands inherited from IJ76-514. These 595 markers displayed a frequency distribution different from all other sugarcane genetic maps produced, with only 40% being simplex markers (segregated 1:1). Of these 240 simplex markers, 178 were distributed on 47 linkage groups (LGs) and 62 remained unlinked. With the addition of 234 duplex markers and 80 biparental simplex markers (segregating 3:1), 534 markers formed 123 LGs. Using the multi-allelic SSR markers, repulsion phase linkage, and alignment with the Q165 linkage map, 105 of the 123 LGs could be grouped into 10 homology groups (HGs). These 10 HGs were further assigned to the 8 HGs observed in cultivated sugarcane and S. spontaneum . Analysis of repulsion phase linkage indicated that IJ76-514 is neither a complete autopolyploid nor an allopolyploid. Detection of 28 repulsion linkages that occurred between 6 pairs of LGs located in 4 HGs suggested the occurrence of limited preferential chromosome pairing in this species.

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28

Budavári, Tamás, and Thomas J. Loredo. "Probabilistic Record Linkage in Astronomy: Directional Cross-Identification and Beyond." Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2015): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020231.

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29

Sethi, Dinabandhu, and Debashis Acharya. "Financial inclusion and economic growth linkage: some cross country evidence." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 10, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2016-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the dynamic impact of financial inclusion on economic growth for a large number of developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach This study uses some panel data models such as country-fixed effect, random effect and time fixed effect regressions, panel cointegration, and panel causality tests to examine the linkage between financial inclusion and economic growth. Panel cointegration is being used to test the long run association between financial inclusion and economic growth, whereas panel causality test is used to find the direction of causality between financial inclusion and economic growth. The data on financial inclusion are taken from Sarma (2012) for the period 2004-2010. Findings The empirical findings reveal that there is a positive and long run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth across 31 countries in the world. Further, panel causality test shows a bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and economic growth Thus, the study confirms that financial inclusion is one of the main drivers of economic growth. Research limitations/implications This study has two limitations. First, this study considers only banking institutions in the analysis. Second, the period tested for the long run relationship is not long enough. Practical implications This study empirically measures the quantitative impact of financial inclusion policies pursued across the world. The study also suggests that policies emphasizing financial sector reforms in general and promoting financial inclusion in particular shall result in higher economic growth in the long run. Originality/value This study attempts to assess the long run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth with the help of a multidimensional index of financial inclusion. Therefore, this can be a valuable contribution to the banks and policymakers.

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30

Bulayeva, Kazima B., Stephen J. Glatt, Oleg A. Bulayev, Tatiana A. Pavlova, and Ming T. Tsuang. "Genome-wide linkage scan of schizophrenia: A cross-isolate study." Genomics 89, no. 2 (February 2007): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.10.001.

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31

Zhang, Ru bo, and Leif A. Eriksson. "Theoretical study of the tandem cross-linkage lesion in DNA." Chemical Physics Letters 417, no. 4-6 (January 2006): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.020.

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32

BARR, T., and J. B. SPEAKMAN. "The Production of Unshrinkability by Cross-linkage Formation in Wool." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 60, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1944.tb02270.x.

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33

Menkart, J., and J. B. Speakman. "The Production of Unshrinkability by Cross-linkage Formation in Wool." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 63, no. 10 (October 22, 2008): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1947.tb02431.x.

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34

Gao, Wen-Chao, Jun Tian, Yu-Zhu Shang, and Xuefeng Jiang. "Steric and stereoscopic disulfide construction for cross-linkage via N-dithiophthalimides." Chemical Science 11, no. 15 (2020): 3903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc01060j.

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35

Nguyen, Phong, and Wei-han Liu. "Time-Varying Linkage of Possible Safe Haven Assets: A Cross-Market and Cross-asset Analysis." International Review of Finance 17, no. 1 (September 9, 2016): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irfi.12089.

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36

Tanhuanpää, Pirjo K., Juha P. Vilkki, and H. Joanna Vilkki. "A linkage map of spring turnip rape based on RFLP and HARD markers." Agricultural and Food Science 5, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72737.

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A linkage map of spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) was conslructed from an F2 population of a cross Jo4002 x Sv3402. The map contained 22 RFLP loci, 144 RAPDs, one microsatellite, and one morphological marker (seed colour). All ten B.rapa linkage groups could be identified and the total map distance was 519 cM. A proportion of the markers (13%), most of which were located in two linkage groups, showed segregation distortion.

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37

Wilms, Robert, David Inkermann, Vadym Finn Cemmasson, Michael Reik, and Thomas Vietor. "Distinction of Domain-Specific and Cross-Domain Linkage Types for Engineering Change Management." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.118.

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AbstractEngineering Changes (ECs) are substantial elements of the design process of technical products and are in particular relevant for companies due to enormous additional costs and time delays they can cause. In order to better understand ECs and realize efficient Engineering Change Management (ECM), different approaches exist. One aspect of ECM are change propagation analysis, which try to analyze knock-on effects of an EC on other product elements or the development process. How ECs can propagate is in particular difficult to assess for complex products realized within different engineering domains (mechanical, electrical and software engineering). To address this challenge, ECs are classified, strategies to cope with ECs are presented and change propagation approaches are analyzed in this paper. Thereby a lack of indicators for cross-domain propagation is identified. To overcome this issue, the distinction of domain-specific and cross-domain linkage types is proposed and a set of linkage types is presented. Further research is motivated to integrate these linkage types in product models while also considering processes and organizational structures as additional dimensions of ECM.

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38

Tani, Naoki, Tomokazu Takahashi, Hiroyoshi Iwata, Yuzuru Mukai, Tokuko Ujino-Ihara, Asako Matsumoto, Kensuke Yoshimura, et al. "A Consensus Linkage Map for Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) From Two Pedigrees, Based on Microsatellites and Expressed Sequence Tags." Genetics 165, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 1551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.3.1551.

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Abstract A consensus map for sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) was constructed by integrating linkage data from two unrelated third-generation pedigrees, one derived from a full-sib cross and the other by self-pollination of F1 individuals. The progeny segregation data of the first pedigree were derived from cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences, microsatellites, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The data of the second pedigree were derived from cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences, isozyme markers, morphological traits, random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Linkage analyses were done for the first pedigree with JoinMap 3.0, using its parameter set for progeny derived by cross-pollination, and for the second pedigree with the parameter set for progeny derived from selfing of F1 individuals. The 11 chromosomes of C. japonica are represented in the consensus map. A total of 438 markers were assigned to 11 large linkage groups, 1 small linkage group, and 1 nonintegrated linkage group from the second pedigree; their total length was 1372.2 cM. On average, the consensus map showed 1 marker every 3.0 cM. PCR-based codominant DNA markers such as cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences and microsatellite markers were distributed in all linkage groups and occupied about half of mapped loci. These markers are very useful for integration of different linkage maps, QTL mapping, and comparative mapping for evolutional study, especially for species with a large genome size such as conifers.

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39

Warburton, Marilyn L., and F. A. Bliss. "667 PB 113 IDENTIFICATION OF LINKED RAPD MARKERS TO IMPORTANT LOCI IN PEACH AND ALMOND." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 528d—528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.528d.

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Genetic linkage maps for many organisms are being produced using molecular markers. The utility of these maps depends on the ability to place genes of known, important effects on the map. It is often useful lo saturate the chromosome around these loci with many linked molecular markers. This study used Bulked Segregant Analysis and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to identify linked markers to loci in peach, Prunus persica L. Batch and almond Prunus dulcis Mill populations. Linkages to isozyme loci were first sought to test the suitability of this technique to long-lived perrenials. Several RAPD markers were found to be linked to three isozyme loci in a segregating F3 population from a peach × almond cross. PAPD markers have also been identified which are linked to the yellow-flesh locus of peach in a heterozygous peach population. Thus, this method has proven useful for identifying molecular marker linkages to important loci in peach and almond. These RAPDs may now be placed on a linkage map generated in our lab using a peach/almond hybrid population which will allow these loci to be studied and manipulated more easily in a breeding program.

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40

Hong, Liang L., and Paul G. Thompson. "GENETIC LINKAGES OF RAPD MARKERS IN SWEETPOTATO." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 727d—727. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.727d.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were analyzed in parents and progeny of four sweetpotato crosses. An average of 69 primers were tested and 23.5% produced well resolved polymorphic banding patterns. Each polymorphic primer had an average of 1.9 polymorphic bands resulting in 0.45 polymorphic fragments per primer tested. Phenotypic segregation ratios of 88% of polymorphic fragments fit those expected for hexaploid Mendelian inheritance. Numbers of linked polymorphic fragments and numbers of linkage groups were 13 and 5 for Cross A, 0 and 0 for Cross B, 23 and 3 for Cross C and 16 and 6 for Cross D. Those results indicated that RAPD markers have potential for a genetic linkage map in sweetpotato; however, many primers must be screened.

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41

Liang, Longwu, and Zhenbo Wang. "Control Models and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollution in the Rapidly Developing Urban Agglomerations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116177.

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This paper systematically summarizes the hierarchical cross-regional multi-directional linkage in terms of air pollution control models implemented in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, including the hierarchical linkage structure of national-urban agglomeration-city, the cross-regional linkage governance of multiple provinces and municipalities, the multi-directional linkage mechanism mainly involving industry access, energy structure, green transportation, cross-regional assistance, monitoring and warning, consultation, and accountability. The concentration data of six air pollutants were used to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO decreased, and the concentration of O3 increased from 2014 to 2017; the air pollution control has achieved good effect. The concentration of O3 was the highest in summer and lowest in winter, while those of other pollutants were the highest in winter and lowest in summer. The high pollution ranges of O3 diffused from south to north, and those of other pollutants decreased significantly from north to south. Finally, we suggest strengthening the traceability and process research of heavy pollution, increasing the traceability and process research of O3 pollution, promoting the joint legislation of different regions in urban agglomeration, create innovative pollution discharge supervision mechanisms, in order to provide significant reference for the joint prevention and control of air pollution in urban agglomerations.

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42

Kuramoto, Noritsugu, Teiji Kondo, Yoshitake Fujisawa, Ryogo Nakata, Eiji Hayashi, and Yoko Goto. "Detection of quantitative trait loci for wood strength in Cryptomeria japonica." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-077.

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Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (sugi) is one of the most important forest tree species in Japan. The progeny of a cross between the cultivars Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi were analyzed using RAPD markers, with the pseudo-test-cross strategy, to construct linkage maps of the parental cultivars. A total of 355 segregating loci were detected among 72 offspring: 200 and 155 markers being distributed in Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi, respectively. In Iwao-sugi, 119 markers with confirmed map positions were assigned to 21 linkage groups covering 1756.4 cM. In Boka-sugi, 84 markers with confirmed map positions were assigned to 14 linkage groups covering 1111.9 cM. The framework map distance in Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi provides about 62 and 40% coverage, respectively, of the total genome, estimated to be approximately 2800 cM in length. Using genetic linkage maps constructed in this study, 15 QTLs were detected that are associated with the modulus of elasticity (MOE), an important indicator of wood strength. The QTLs for MOE explained about 45% of its total phenotypic variance. Some QTLs associated with different phenotypic traits were located on the same linkage groups. Some of the QTLs for MOE measured by two different methods (the hanging method and the tapping method) were located independently on the different linkage groups.

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43

Yasui, Yasuo, Yingjie Wang, Ohmi Ohnishi, and Clayton G. Campbell. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism linkage analysis of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and its wild self-pollinated relative Fagopyrum homotropicum." Genome 47, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-126.

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) (2n = 2x = 16) and Fagopyrum homotropicum (2n = 2x = 16) were mated in an interspecific cross and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) linkage maps were constructed by analyzing segregation in the F2 population. Six hundred and sixty-nine bands were identified using 20 AFLP primer combinations, of which 462 (69%) segregated in the F2 population. The map of F. esculentum has eight linkage groups with 223 markers covering a total of 508.3 cM. The map of F. homotropicum has eight linkage groups with 211 markers covering 548.9 cM. There was one to one correspondence of the esculentum and homotropicum linkage groups. Three morphological markers, distylous self-incompatibility, shattering habit, and winged seed, were located on the AFLP map. Distylous self-incompatibility and shattering habit are tightly linked to each other (1.3 cM) and are located near the center of linkage group 1. Winged seed is located on linkage group 4. Key words: common buckwheat, AFLP, linkage analysis, distylous self-incompatibility, shattering habit.

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44

Mushin, Ilana. "Narrative functions of clause linkage in Garrwa." Studies in Language 29, no. 1 (March 11, 2005): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.1.02mus.

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Clause linkage has long been associated with the cohesive narrative functions of temporal organisation and participant tracking (eg. Givon 1983a, Myhill & Hibiya 1988). In this paper I use data from Garrwa, a language of Northern Australia, to show that in addition to these functions, clause linkage also contributes to the interpretation of narrative perspective. The results of this investigation illustrate the range of functions that can be associated with clause linkage, contributing to the analysis of clause linkage cross-linguistically, as well as demonstrating the utility of narrative perspective as a discourse-pragmatic phenomenon motivating choices in linguistic form, and coherence in narrative structure.

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45

Peng, Baoying, Mingpeng Hou, and Milan Zhang. "Cross-coupling control of contour error for five-axis linkage machining." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1748 (January 2021): 062065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1748/6/062065.

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46

Sohn, Myongsei, Eun Cheol Park, Hyung Gon Kang, Han Joong Kim, and Yeong Joo Hur. "Cross-specialty linkage and extrapolation of resource-based relative value scales." Yonsei Medical Journal 36, no. 6 (1995): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1995.36.6.497.

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47

Arora, Ritu, and Sonal Dangda. "Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage." International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases 4, no. 3 (2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1111.

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ABSTRACT Purpose Presenting the course of visually disabling corneal infiltration post uneventful collagen cross-linking (CXL) in a 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus. Methods A 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus underwent cross-linking of left eye with indigenous 0.1% riboflavin dye and 370 nm ultraviolet A irradiation. This patient had an uneventful successful cross-linking performed in right eye 6 months prior with good recovery of vision to LogMAR (6/9 Snellen). Results Patient developed diminution of vision, along with redness of eye, photophobia and watering on 3rd day after uneventful cross-linkage. Examination revealed very poor vision; diffuse corneal clouding with multiple superficial stromal infiltrates and incomplete corneal epithelization. A provisional diagnosis of infective keratitis was made, in situ bandage contact lens (BCL) removed and subjected to culture. Intensive fortified topical antibiotics were initiated and steroids withheld. After complete corneal re-epithelization on 6th day, the infiltrations did not decrease in either intensity or number. Response to antibiotics being inadequate, an immune etiology was suspected and full strength topical steroids reinstituted which resulted in slow resolution of infiltration over a 10 weeks period. Last follow-up at 9 months post-CXL, revealed a diffuse stromal haze with unaided visual acuity of LogMAR 0.8 6/36 and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.3 (6/12) with use of a rigid gas permeable lens. Conclusion Sterile infiltration post-CXL requiring intense topical steroids is a rare complication of CXL and needs to be differentiated from infective keratitis. How to cite this article Bhattacharyya M, Singh K, Mutreja A, Dangda S, Arora R. Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):115-119.

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48

Islam, Nadia, Erin S. Rogers, Antoinette Schoenthaler, EDd, Lorna E. Thorpe, and Donna Shelley. "A Cross-Cutting Workforce Solution for Implementing Community–Clinical Linkage Models." American Journal of Public Health 110, S2 (July 2020): S191—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305692.

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49

Kikuchi, Masanori, Tsunemasa Taguchi, M. Tanaka, Hiroshi Matsumoto, and Kazuo Takakuda. "Cross-Linkage of Hydroxyapatite / Collagen Nano-Composite with 3 Different Reagents." Key Engineering Materials 218-220 (November 2001): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.218-220.449.

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50

Schofield, Andrew J., and Timothy A. Yates. "Interactions between Orientation and Contrast Modulations Suggest Limited Cross-Cue Linkage." Perception 34, no. 7 (July 2005): 769–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5294.

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Recent studies of texture segmentation and second-order vision have proposed very similar models for the detection of orientation modulation and contrast modulation (OM and CM). From the similarity of the models it is tempting to assume that the two cues might be processed by a single generalised texture mechanism; however, recent results (Kingdom et al, 2003 Visual Neuroscience2 65–76) have suggested that these cues are detected independently, or at least in a mechanism that is able to maintain an apparent independence between the cues. We tested new combinations of OM and CM and found that CM at 0.4 cycle deg−1 facilitates the detection of OM at 0.2 cycle deg−1 when the peaks of contrast align with the extremes of orientation. There is also some evidence of weak facilitation of CM by OM under the same conditions. Further, this facilitation can be predicted by filter-rectify-filter channels optimised for the detection of each cue, adding weight to the argument that texture cues are processed in a single generalised mechanism that nonetheless achieves cue independence or near-independence in many circumstances. We also found that the amount of suprathreshold masking produced by an orientation cue depends on the overall percept formed by that cue.

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