Дисертації: "Cross linkage"

1

Tona, Rolf. "Bioconjugation and cross-linkage of diene-modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the Diels-Alder reaction /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/04tona_r.pdf.

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2

Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi. "Outcomes of children transferring out of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital HIV cohort using linkage to the National Health Laboratory Service Data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24873.

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Background and Rationale: Paediatric antiretroviral (ART) care in the Western Cape Province (WCP) has evolved following South Africa's (SA) massive roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in 2004 in response to the country's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Decentralization of paediatric ART services was adopted in scaling up access to ART services for children living with HIV. Although children now mainly initiate ART at lower level facilities, sick or very young infants continue to initiate ART at tertiary health facilities and become eligible for transfer to lower level facilities after stabilization at tertiary health facilities. There has been limited assessment of the effectiveness of this model of ART care since its implementation. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the proportion of children that successfully transferred from Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) to referral facilities for continued ART within 18 or 48 months of their last appointment at RCWMCH. Successful transfer was defined in two ways: a laboratory test performed by a lower level facility (i) ≤18 months or (ii) ≤48 months after transfer date. The first interval corresponds to guideline recommendations for annual CD4/viral load monitoring; the second captures all children retained in care. Our secondary objectives are as follows: 1. To identify the determinants of successful transfer from RCWMCH. 2. To describe the CD4 and viral load outcomes of children that successfully transferred to referral lower health facilities within WCP. 3. To determine the feasibility of using the SA National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) data for routine monitoring of children transferring between paediatric ART sites. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. The study population was children below the age of 16 years who were initiated onto ART at RCWMCH and transferred out to lower level facilities within the WCP from December 31, 2007 - January 1, 2012. We described children's characteristics before transfer out and post-transfer date. In those who successfully transferred, we compared their immunological and virological status at transfer out and at the first visit within 48 months after the transfer out date, using median change for continuous variables and difference in proportions for categorical variables. Results: Data from 1127 children with median age of 5.6 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1-19.9) was included; at ART initiation 85% had WHO stage III/IV disease and 57% were severely immunosuppressed. A total of 725 (64%) children were transferred; 69% (496) and 76% (541) successfully transferred within 18 and 48 months respectively. Since there is about 90% compliance with annual CD4/viral load monitoring guidelines, we estimate that up to 85% of children may have actually successfully transferred. Median time to successful transfer was 5.4 months (IQR 3.7-7.8). Among the 184 children (25%) who did not transfer successfully, 11% returned to RCWMCH. In patients who successfully transferred, median (IQR) CD4% increased between transfer out and first visit post-transfer [25.1% (17.3-33.8%) vs 30.2% (22.9-36.6%), p-value = 0.0000]. Children who had their transfer sites recorded in the database and those transferred before 2010 were identified to be associated with successful transfer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 7.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (2.3-28.5 and aOR 5.21, 95% CI 1.5-18.4 respectively). Conclusion: The proportion of children remaining in HIV care by 48 months after transfer out was at least 76% and 92% of those that transferred successfully reached the referral facility and undergoing a laboratory test within 18 months of transfer out. In children who successfully transferred, CD4% and viral load suppression improved after transfer. This suggests that paediatric ART decentralization is feasible with good outcomes. However, outcomes in those who were lost after transfer out need further investigation.

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3

Ghaemmaghami, Houman. "Robust automatic speaker linking and attribution." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60832/4/Houman_Ghaemmaghami_Thesis.pdf.

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This research makes a major contribution which enables efficient searching and indexing of large archives of spoken audio based on speaker identity. It introduces a novel technique dubbed as “speaker attribution” which is the task of automatically determining ‘who spoke when?’ in recordings and then automatically linking the unique speaker identities within each recording across multiple recordings. The outcome of the research will also have significant impact in improving the performance of automatic speech recognition systems through the extracted speaker identities.

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4

Berger, Stefan. "Regulation of intellectual property rights and trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7591.

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This thesis consists of three essays on the regulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and trade in open economies. The rst chapter investigates the di erences in Intellectual Property Rights between countries. The analysis of a cross-country panel reveals that the protection of IPRs is higher in countries that are (i) richer, (ii) more productive in R&D and (iii) more open to trade. It is then shown that the rst two facts can be explained in a model where innovations are a global public good and where demand for innovations is non-homothetic in income. The second chapter addresses the third observation. If trade is driven by large di erences in productivities across countries and sectors then having strong IPR protection can become more bene cial for the individual country, since a part of the associated costs are passed onto the trading partners. The third chapter aims to explain why and when countries link agreements on trade with agreements that regulate the provision of global public goods. It shows that a linkage is particularly attractive if countries are di erent in size.

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5

Johnson, Francis X. "Exploiting cross-level linkages to steer the bioenergy transition." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155686.

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This thesis develops the notion of the bioenergy transition as the long-term transformation of biomass from a local resource into a global commodity. An historical assessment is combined with interdisciplinary analysis that focuses especially on liquid biofuels and highlights the environmentally innovative case of bioethanol. The bioenergy transition is investigated from several different perspectives: technical-economic, socio-economic, socio-technical and political-economic. Linkages across different levels from household to global are analysed in relation to the effectiveness of bioenergy policies. In addition to studies at household and national levels, a North-South perspective is taken by including two major regions: the European Union (EU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The relation of EU biofuels policy to international climate and trade regimes is assessed to show how regional-global linkages affect policy design and implementation. Household bioenergy markets in developing countries are poorly articulated and difficult to link to other sectors; a detailed choice model in Ethiopia showed that product-specific factors should be evaluated to inform design of programmes and policies. Municipal and sub-national markets for bioenergy have been successfully linked to national policies to coordinate supply and demand in Brazil and Sweden. Regional market development for biofuels has great potential in southern Africa but regional-national linkages currently remain unexploited. National level efforts remain quite important in terms of energy security and environmental innovation, as evidenced in Brazil, Malawi and Sweden. Biofuels sustainability criteria in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU-RED) were evaluated in relation to the international climate and trade regimes and were found to shift some costs onto developing countries. One of the mechanisms for assuring biofuels sustainability is bilateral agreements, which remain untested but potentially effective. Cross-level linkages were often unexploited in the cases studied; national approaches cannot easily capture complementarities across sectors and scales in biophysical and economic terms. Linking biofuels markets across different levels from household to global through regional development policies and specialised governance mechanisms could help to steer the bioenergy transition towards sustainability.

QC 20141112

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6

Sorensen, E. Todd. "Cross-linkable polyimide blends for stable membranes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10086.

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7

French, Joseph Jerome. "Linkages between U.S Cross-border Portfolio Equity Flows and Equity Markets." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1075.

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There is an ongoing debate over the role that equity markets play in determining and influencing international equity flows. The first chapter of this dissertation describes the large portfolio equity flows into China and India, in order to understand the buying behavior of US investors. The rapid growth of the Chinese and Indian economies, coupled with the recent development and liberalization of their financial markets has attracted significant portfolio investment from U.S. investors. It is commonly assumed that domestic investors have an informational advantage over foreign investors; however, some recent empirical literature has questioned this assumption. Essay one dissects the nature of the relationship between foreign equity flows, equity returns, and related variables. The results of my empirical investigation provides evidence that U.S. institutional investors are making investment decisions based on long-run determinants of value rather than responding to price signals or ‘chasing returns'. I anticipate that the strong relationship between equity flows and fundamentals will strengthen as information asymmetries decline and US investors continue to develop more sophisticated methods of assessing underlying value in China and India. The second essay of this dissertation explores a new panel data set based on US gross cross-border equity flows to 20 industrialized nations combined with measures of market valuation for the period of 1977-2005. Empirical evidence of imperfect integration across world equity markets indicates that valuation matters. Consistent with relative value trading as a determinant of equity flow patterns, I find that equity flows decrease sharply with host-country market valuations—in particular the component of valuation that is forecasted to revert the following year. I also find that equity flows increase sharply with US equity market valuations. These results suggest the existence of a valuation channel for cross-border equity flows. The findings of this chapter show that US investors are informed about both domestic markets and foreign markets. Peripheral findings of this essay confirm the findings of other researches, but with a longer sample period. Consistent with existing literature, I find a negative influence of interest rates spreads, and information asymmetries on cross-border trade in equities.

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8

Guillemineau, Catherine. "The sources of cross-country output comovements : European and non-european linkages." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933797.

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This doctoral thesis consists in three chapters investigating cross-country linkages in different samples of industrialized economies. The first chapter shows that the share of the investment cycle's variance due to common international factors has increased in the United States as well in large European countries. The second chapter estimates the impact of the liberalization and internationalization of the financial and banking sectors on real GDP growth comovements. Since the late 1970s, a common international factor has contribued to most economic growth in th EU countries, the United States, Canada and Japan. Among several financial, bank and monetary indicators, equity prices, followed by portofolio investment have been by far the main drivers of this factor. The removal of controls on domestic credit emerges as the only financial liberalization policy measure with a large and negative effect on common growth before 1995. The third chapter investigates the sources of real GDP's comovements between the founding member states of the euro area. Throughout EMU, real cyclical synchronization was robustly linked to disparities in term of fiscal policy and of total factor productivity gains. Cyclical synchronization was closely related to similarities in unit labour cost growth before 2007, but not after 2007 when long-term interest rate differentials became a major cause of cyclical divergence.

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9

Andreasson, Pierre, and Jonathan Siverskog. "Cross-market linkages and the role of speculation in agricultural futures markets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120605.

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In this study we analyse the role of speculation in forging cross-market linkages between agriculture, equity and crude oil over the period 1992-2014. The market interdependence of ten U.S. traded agricultural commodities futures is measured through the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) and the dynamic conditional correlation framework of Engle (2002). Utilising data from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, ve dierent measures of speculation are constructed, which are used to examine the long-run and short-run dynamics between market integration and speculation. To explore time-varying characteristics in this relationship, and as a test for robustness, we perform a sub-sampling analysis for the periods 1992-2006 and 2006-2014. We show that cross-market linkages grew stronger post-2005, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. The results of our econometric analysis indicate that any conclusions regarding the role of speculation in this process are highly sensitive both to the choice of market integration measure, as well as to how the extent of speculation is captured. Overall, though, there is little to indicate that speculation has played an important role in creating cross-market linkages. We do provide some evidence of market integration increasing with market size, but other factors, such as inflation and exchange rates, seem to provide better explanations of agriculture-equity-energy price dynamics. In line with previous research, we also find market interdependence to increase with stock market uncertainty, which suggests that the diversification benefits of commodity futures investments are actually reduced when needed the most. Considered together with our findings on the sizes of markets, which are increasingly made up of speculators, it appears at least possible that financialisation has made food markets more vulnerable to disturbances in financial markets.

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10

Kelly, Michael John. "Cross-strike discontinuities and kinematic linkages within the Moine and Cantabrian thrust belts." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/631/.

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Abrupt lateral changes in thrust geometry occur in many mountain-building fold-thrust belts. Whilst many works have dealt with palinspastic reconstructions and transport-directionparallel balanced cross-sections, far fewer show a full three-dimensional architecture, or examine how lateral variations in thrust architecture can be linked via cross-strike discontinuities or transverse zones. Systematic alignments of lateral structures are suggested to be related to kinematic responses to irregularities generated across pre-existing, sometimes reactivated, sub-décollement basement faults, pre-thrusting cover strata deformation above basement faults, development of duplex structures / antiformal stacks, and / or along-strike variations in mechanical stratigraphy. New cross-strike discontinuity / transverse zone identification methodologies developed within this research incorporating thrust ramp-flat alignment analyses and branch-point, cutoff point and fault-tip point analyses, together with a variety of previously utilised identification techniques, allow spatial alignments of lateral structures to be determined. New methodologies help to better characterise the pre-thrust template and assess that template’s capacity to control subsequent lateral thrust geometries on a variety of scales during allochthon formation within two contrasting fold-thrust belts, the linear Moine Thrust Belt and the oroclinal Cantabrian Thrust Belt. Within the Kinlochewe region of the Moine Thrust Belt, a distinct compartmentalisation is identified across the Loch Maree Fault (LMF). A thrust dominated region of overturned Torridonian / Lewisian, overlying a right-way-up Cambrian succession can be clearly identified on the northern wall of the LMF, compared to a fold-and-thrust dominated section on the southern wall. Compartmentalisation is suggested to be a response to a step in basement that generated a transport-parallel lateral ramp or sidewall during thrusting. A series of potential cross-strike discontinuities / transverse zones are identified within the Cantabrian Thrust Belt. Structural disparities are suggested to have developed as a result of along-strike variations in stratigraphical thickness and regional transport during a multiphase oroclinal development.

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11

Steketee, Deborah Meadows. "Making connections environmental NGOs and cross-scale linkages in Ecuador's tropical forests policy process /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219904.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science and the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2308. Adviser: Emilio F. Moran. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 21, 2007)."

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12

Do, Thi Tuan Anh. "Modelling cross-market linkages between global markets and China’s A-, B- and H-shares." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2344.

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One of the biggest challenges in quantifying joint risk and forming effective policies in financial management and investment strategies is to fully understand the characteristics of market associations in low and high volatility periods. Market interdependence, therefore, is a hot topic that has received interest from academics and industry experts, especially since the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. China, being the world’s second-largest economy, has been the centre of many studies investigating stock market dependencies. While China has three major share types, namely A-, B- and H-shares, with different market players, market characteristics and operating efficiency, the number of studies on each of these share types remains conservative in comparison to the vast literature on the financial modelling of market interdependencies. Given the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the influence between these share types and other global markets, especially during market turbulences, this thesis examines the cross-market linkages between A-, B- and H-shares in China and several major emerging and advanced markets from 2002 to 2017, which is divided into two non-crisis periods and two crisis periods. This thesis assesses market integration among 17 markets, including asymmetries and leverage effect in the marginal distributions, volatility spillover and tail dependence. The thesis aims to: 1) investigate the univariate asymmetries and leverage effect in the distributional volatility of each time series and to detect volatility spillover between China and other studied markets; 2) assess the dynamic multivariate dependence between China and other studied markets; 3) evaluate the bivariate dependence structure for each of China’s markets and other studied markets using seven different copula functions; and 4) study the multivariate joint tail dependence structure of all studied markets using vine copulas. There are various findings from the thesis. Many advanced and emerging markets experienced leverage effect and asymmetries in volatility. China’s markets were much more prone to local shocks than external shocks and in many cases, there is evidence that China’s markets diverged from the global trends especially during the crisis periods. Besides, segmentation between China’s markets and the United States is clearly evident. In addition, regional dependence is stronger than intra-regional dependence. The thesis also found the existence of contagion effect between each of China’s markets and various markets in the sample in the Global Financial Crisis. Finally, heterogeneity was found for A-, B- and H-shares in various aspects, from distributional asymmetries to joint behaviour in both crisis and non-crisis periods. A novel aspect of this thesis is that it closes the gap in the literature of market linkages for A-, B- and H-shares with other global markets by assessing volatility spillover, time-varying co-movement, and tail dependence among the studied markets. This thesis provides various implications in both theoretical and empirical contexts in many areas including measuring joint risk at the tails, constructing an optimal portfolio, hedging, and managing financial exposures and contagious volatility from other markets. The thesis provides some recommendations and suggestions regarding the policies implemented in China.

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13

Moayeri, Ali. "Cross-linkable matrix materials for nanoporous membranes using nitroxide-mediated polymerization." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103643.

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Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is one of the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods, which is widely employed to synthesize polymers with tailored microstructure without the stringent requirements needed for conventional "living" polymerization methods. CRP has become a powerful tool for synthesizing polymers and copolymers with low polydispersity, controlled molecular weight and architecture. NMP was generally restricted to styrenic monomers but by employing SG1 based initiators such as the alkoxyamine BlocBuilder, this restriction has been lifted and NMP of acrylates and methacrylates in a controlled manner became attainable. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) containing copolymers are of key interest due to their dual functionality, particularly the epoxy group which can be used, for example, to cross-link matrix blocks in ordered block copolymers for nanoporous membranes. However, GMA incorporation into the block copolymer was difficult as the epoxy group of GMA reacted with the carboxylic acid group of the BlocBuilder initiator, causing the copolymer to cross-link. In this thesis, three methods were developed to incorporate GMA into a copolymer by NMP and alleviate the effect of cross-linking. First, a poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-styrene) poly(MMA-r-S) macroinitiator was chain-extended with a ternary mixture of MMA/GMA/S to incorporate GMA in the final block copolymer. The synthesized poly(MMA-r-S)-block-(MMA-r-GMA-r-S) copolymer allowed GMA incorporation up to 39 mol% from the feed that had 49 mol% GMA but for a feed having more than 49 mol%, GMA cross-linking was observed. In the second method, GMA was incorporated into the copolymer by gradient copolymerization where a ternary mixture of GMA/MMA/S was added as a pulse injection after MMA/S co-monomers were sufficiently polymerized. By employing this method, it was possible to incorporate up to 14 mol% GMA from the feed that had 27 mol% GMA. GMA feed concentrations < 27 mol% resulted in cross-linking. Finally, by utilizing BlocBuilder which bears a NHS moiety, thereby allowing protection of the acid group on the initiator, permitted successful incorporation of GMA into the GMA/S random copolymer to levels as high as 85 mol% from the feed having 90 mol% GMA. The resulting copolymers had low polydispersities (Mw/Mn) ~ 1.3-1.4 and displayed a high degree of "livingness" (i.e. ability to re-initiate a second batch of monomer), thereby easily permitting GMA-containing block copolymers to be synthesized by NMP with BlocBuilder.
La polymérisation induite par les nitroxydes (PIN) est l'une des méthodes de polymérisation par radicaux contrôlée (PRC), qui est largement utilisée pour synthétiser des polymères à microstructure sur mesure sans les exigences rigoureuses nécessaires des méthodes de polymérisation « vivante » conventionnelles. La PRC est devenue un puissant outil pour la synthèse de polymères et copolymères de faible polydispersité, avec un poids et une architecture moléculaire contrôlés. La PIN est généralement restreintes aux monomères styréniques mais en employant des initiateurs de type SG1 tel que l'alkoxyamine BlocBuilder, cette restriction a été levée et la PIN contrôlée d'acrylates et méthacrylates est devenue possible. Le méthacrylate glycidylique (GMA) contenant des copolymères sont d'un intérêt primordial en raison de leur double fonction, en particulier le groupe époxy qui peut être utilisé, par exemple, pour réticuler les blocs de matrice en copolymères à blocs ordonnés pour les membranes nanoporeuses. Toutefois, l'incorporation du GMA aux copolymères à blocs a été difficile, vu que le groupe époxy du GMA a réagi avec le groupe acide carboxylique de l'initiateur BlocBuilder, amenant le copolymère à réticuler. Dans cette thèse, trois méthodes de GMA ont été élaborées pour incorporer un copolymère par PIN et atténuer l'effet de réticulation. Premièrement, un macroiniteur poly(méthyle méthacrylate-ran-styrène) poly(MMA-r-S) a été étendu à la chaîne avec un mélange ternaire de MMA/GMA/S pour incorporer le GMA dans le polymère à blocs final. Le copolymère poly(MMA-r-S)-bloc-(MMA-r-GMA-r-S) a permis l'incorporation du GMA jusqu'à 39 mol% à partir de la charge pourvue de 49 mol% de GMA mais pour une charge pourvue de plus de 49 mol%, une réticulation du GMA a été observée. Dans la seconde méthode, le GMA a été incorporé au copolymère par copolymérisation par gradient où un mélange ternaire de GMA/MMA/S a été ajouté comme injection une fois que les comonomères MMA/S aient été suffisamment polymérisés. L'utilisation de cette méthode a permis d'incorporer jusqu'à 14 mol% de GMA de la charge pourvue de 27 mol% de GMA. Enfin, en utilisant le BlocBuilder qui porte une portion du NHS, permettant ainsi à la protection du groupe acide sur l'initiateur, a permis l'intégration réussie de GMA au copolymère aléatoire GMA/S à des niveaux aussi élevés que 85 mol% de la charge pourvue de 90 mol% de GMA. Les copolymères résultants avaient une faible polydispersité (Mw/Mn) ~ 1.3-1.4 et affichaient un degré élevé de « vivacité » (c'est-à-dire la capacité de relancer un deuxième lot de monomères), permettant ainsi la synthèse des copolyméres en blocs contenant du GMA par PIN avec le BlocBuilder.

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14

Uluocak, Pelin. "Designing a new cross-linkable cohesin complex for studying cohesin's interaction with DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d08cf00-1b2e-41a4-893c-91b8fc6c7c80.

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Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Cohesion is generated by cohesin, a conserved multi-subunit protein complex composed of four core subunits: Smc1, Smc3, Scc1, and Scc3. Cohesin holds sister chromatids together in mitotic cells starting from S-phase, when DNA replicates, until their separation at the onset of anaphase where its Scc1 subunit is cleaved. In budding yeast, most Scc1 is destroyed by cleavage at anaphase and is only re-synthesised in late G1, whereupon it associates with the unreplicated chromatin. Although sister chromatid cohesion is known to be mediated by a topological interaction of cohesin complexes around sister DNAs, the nature of cohesin`s interaction with chromatin before DNA replication remains to be elucidated. My project aims to develop a new system in order to find out whether ‘non-cohesive’ cohesin interacts with chromatin topologically. This is important for two main reasons. Firstly, understanding the physical nature of cohesin’s interaction with chromatin before DNA replication is essential for determining how cohesion is established during DNA replication. Another reason is that most cohesin in multicellular organisms is associated with the unreplicated chromatin of post mitotic cells where it regulates transcription. How cohesin mediates gene expression is unknown. Understanding how cohesin binds unreplicated chromatin may therefore bring insights into the mechanisms by which cohesin complex performs its non-canonical functions. In order to address this, we needed a situation where cohesin is already loaded onto chromosomes, but either DNA replication or cohesion establishment is prevented. Therefore, we used a temperature sensitive allele of Eco1 (required for establishment of cohesion). Quantitative measurement of cohesin levels on chromosomes in either wild type allele or temperature sensitive allele of Eco1 showed that the amount of cohesin associated with centromeric and inner pericentromeric regions in both strains are almost indistinguishable from each other throughout the whole cell cycle. Despite normal levels of cohesin, we confirmed by minichromosomal assay that no sister chromatid cohesion is established in the absence of functional Eco1 protein. If “non-cohesive” cohesin interacts with the chromatin in a topological manner when there is no sister chromatid cohesion, then its association with chromatin should be resistant to denaturing conditions in the presence of a modified version of the cohesin complex that can be covalently circularized. To test this prediction, a cross-linkable cohesin molecule was needed, which should be resistant to SDS denaturation and should not have major cohesion defects due to the modifications making it to be cross-linkable. The previously created cross-linkable cohesin molecule had cohesion defects due to the presence of Smc3-Scc1 fusion protein. In addition, this fusion alone could bypass the requirement for Eco1, and therefore we could not test how “non-cohesive” cohesin interacts with chromatin, using this version of cross-linkable cohesin complex. We tried two different methods to conditionally close Smc3/Scc1 interface in a way resistant to protein-denaturants and create a new cross-linkable cohesin complex. In our first attempt, the C-terminus of Smc3 and the N-terminus of Scc1 were fused to FRB and FKBP12 respectively, proteins that can form a complex upon addition of rapamycin. Crystal structure of the ternary complex of FKP12/rapamycin/FRB enabled us to design cysteine pairs for the crosslinking of FRB and FKBP12 only in the presence of rapamycin. A more efficient in vivo crosslinking was achieved between the Smc3 and Scc1 in our second attempt. Amino acids within the coiled coil region of Smc3 were replaced by the unnatural photo-cross-linkable amino acid ρ-benzoyl-phenylalanine that can be induced to form covalent bonds with neighbouring proteins (T.Gligoris, unpublished data). Photo and chemically cross-linkable interfaces of cohesin were then integrated with each other to generate a new version of cross-linkable cohesin molecule.

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15

Newby, Cassie Alison. "Migrant trajectories in a transborder context : decision-making processes and cross-border linkages in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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16

Williams, Jr Henry. "Photophysical and photochemical factors affecting multi-photon direct laser writing using the cross-linkable epoxide SU-8." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6382.

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For the past decade, the epoxy based photoresist SU-8 has been used commercially and in the lab for fabricating micro- and nano-structures. Investigators have studied how processing parameters such as pre- and post-exposure bake temperatures affect the resolution and quality of SU-8 structures patterned using ultraviolet or x-ray lithography. Despite the advances in understanding the phenomena, not all of them have been explored, especially those that are specific to multi-photon direct laser writing (mpDLW). Unlike conventional exposure techniques, mpDLW is an inherently three-dimensional (3D) process that is activated by nonlinear absorption of light. This dissertation reports how several key processing parameters affect mpDLW using SU-8 including pre-exposure bake duration, focal depth, incident laser power, focal-point scan speed, and excitation wavelength. An examination of solvent content of films at various stages in the mpDLW by 1H-NMR shows that even moderate solvent content (over 1 wt-%) affects film viscosity and photoacid diffusion lengths, and can greatly affect the overall fidelity of small features. A study of micro-fabricated feature size versus writing depth in the material shows that even slight refractive index mismatch between SU-8 and the medium between it and the focusing objective introduces spherical aberration that distorts the focus, causing feature size to decrease or even increase in size with writing depth, depending on the average exposure power used. Proper adjustment of the average exposure power was demonstrated as a means to fabricate more uniform features with writing depth. Third, when varying the power and scan speed, it was observed that the feature-size scales with these two parameters in a manner that is consistent with a three-photon absorption mechanism at an excitation wavelength of 800 nm. When an excitation wavelength of 725 nm is used, the feature-size scaling becomes consistent with that of two photon absorption. This shows that the photoinitiators in the SU-8 can be activated by either two- or three-photon absorption over this wavelength range. Using an irradiance of ~2 TW cm-2 and elongated femtosecond pulses resulted in an observed fourth order power dependence. This observation is in agreement with the literature and suggests that the effective absorptive nonlinearity is also sensitive to pulse duration. These findings will be useful for creating accurate models of the process of mpDLW in SU-8. These models could be used to optimize the processing parameters and develop new processing methods and materials for high-resolution fabrication of robust 3D microstructures. Some of the findings were used to develop a method for fabricating functional microlenses on the tip of optical fibers. This approach opens a new route to functional integrated photonic devices.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Chemistry
Sciences
Chemistry

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17

Le, Chau Ho An. "Cross-border financial linkages and international financial contagion : an empirical study of East Asia during the 2007-2011 global financial crisis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4455/.

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Motivated by the global financial market turbulence in 2007-2011 and the gaps from the literature, this thesis presents an econometric assessment of different transmission mechanisms that propagated and amplified shocks from advanced economies to East Asia. The asset price channel is investigated with MS-VAR model and multivariate unconditional correlation tests. The recursive bivariate probit models are applied to test the liquidity shock transmission via the sudden stop in international lending. The second round effects are examined with partial adjustment models and system GMM estimation. The econometric procedure and testing approach bring about novel results from superior estimation techniques and handle several statistical problems such as heteroskedasticity, non-linearity, endogeneity, omitted variables, simultaneous equations and sample selection bias. The main finding of the thesis is that despite relatively sound fundamentals and limited exposure to structured credit products, East Asia could not totally decouple from the global financial crisis. Specifically, the asset price channels propagated volatility spillovers from the US and Europe to East Asian equity, foreign exchange and CDS markets. While international volatility spillovers were mainly caused by fundamental links, international behaviour during the shocks intensified the regional linkages and generated contagion effect. There was also contagion evidence associated with the sudden stop in international lending which facilitated the transmission of liquidity tensions in the interbank markets. Finally, contagion was magnified by the second round effects, defined as the feedback loops from the sudden changes in macro-financial conditions which caused adverse adjustment in bank performance. These findings have useful implications for international investors and policy authorities regarding to portfolio diversification and systematic risk containment.

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18

Shamu, Simukai. "The dynamics of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and linkages with HIV infection and disclosure in Zimbabwe." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3900.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The study assessed the linkages between HIV infection and intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and after HIV status disclosure in a context where HIV testing has become almost mandatory through the provider-initiated counselling and testing approach and non-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners has been criminalised in many countries including Zimbabwe. The study also explored women’s experiences of and health workers’ perceptions of IPV during pregnancy.

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19

Pei, Zhaoqing [Verfasser], Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulbricht, and Jochen Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Gutmann. "Novel Cross-linkable Polymeric Membranes for Organophilic Ultra- and Nanofiltration / Zhaoqing Pei. Gutachter: Jochen Stefan Gutmann. Betreuer: Mathias Ulbricht." Duisburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031380353/34.

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20

Eirich, Jürgen [Verfasser], Stephan A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieber, and Sabine [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Protein target identification and characterization of photo-cross-linkable small molecules / Jürgen Eirich. Gutachter: Sabine Schneider ; Stephan A. Sieber. Betreuer: Stephan A. Sieber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046939947/34.

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21

Bovill, Catherine. "Rhetoric or reality? : cross-sector policy and practice at the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID) in the UK and Nepal : an exploration of reproductive health and women's education linkages." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2005. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7454.

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Within the international development community, global agreement around a poverty elimination target and the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) has led to renewed emphasis on partnership and cross-sectoral approaches. Similarly the UK Government aims to ensure policies are coherent in an increasingly complex global arena and has called for joined-up working. In response to both of these influences, the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID) stresses partnership, joining-up and cross-sectoral approaches within departmental documents. This research explores cross-sector policy and practice at DFID in the UK and Nepal and focuses particularly on cross-sectoral relationships between reproductive health and women's education. The research employs a social constructionist epistemology and utilises Critical Inquiry and Feminist theories, elements of grounded theory and narrative analysis methodologies, informing the use of numerous data collection methods. These methods include literature searches, document analysis, semi-structured interviews (incorporating Participatory Learning and Action techniques), informal meetings and critical reflection. Data was gathered in the UK and Nepal from DFID staff, Nepali Government staff, DFID-funded project staff, external development consultants and other stakeholders. A 'cross-sector continuum model' is presented to facilitate understanding of the different definitions and possible levels of cross-sectoral engagement. Examples of cross-sector policy and practice are presented and discussed. Key factors facilitation cross-sector policy and practice are also identified. The greatest levels of cross-sectoral engagement were found at project-level in Nepal, although the DFID offices had also made some significant efforts to improve cross-sectoral approaches. Poor knowledge and selective use of the reproductive health and women's education research, however, exposed a gap between research and policy. In addition, the reality of cross-sector policy and practice often did not match the rhetoric within DFID's documents. According to respondents, DFID faces some substantial challenges that contribute to these research-to-policy and policy-to-implementation gaps. Despite the increased calls for cross-sectorality, there is little evidence of the benefits of cross-sector policy and practice, suggesting the need for research clarifying the added value of cross-sectoral approaches. Finally, the lack of agreement over cross-sector definitions, the lack of operational guidance and DFID's strong emphasis on outcomes all suggest the need for a reorientation of focus towards cross-sectoral processes. Based on these findings and conclusions, recommendations are made for DFID and other organisations wishing to pursue cross-sectoral approaches.

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22

Sivaraman, Gokul. "Development of PMSM and drivetrain models in MATLAB/Simulink for Model Based Design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301027.

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When developing three-phase drives for Electric Vehicles (EVs), it is essential to verify the controller design. This will help in understanding how fast and accurately the torque of the motor can be controlled. In order to do this, it is always better to test the controller using the software version of the motor or vehicle drivetrain than using actual hardware as it could lead to component damage when replicating extreme physical behavior. In this thesis, plant modelling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) and vehicle drivetrain in MATLAB/Simulink for Model Based Design (MBD) is presented. MBD is an effective method for controller design that, if adopted can lead to cost savings of 25%-30% and time savings of 35%-40% (according to a global study by Altran Technologies, the chair of software and systems engineering and the chair of Information Management of the University of Technology in Munich) [1]. The PMSM plant models take effects like magnetic saturation, cross- coupling, spatial harmonics and temperature into account. Two PMSM models in d-q frame based on flux and inductance principles were implemented. Flux, torque maps from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and apparent inductance from datasheets were used as inputs to the flux- and inductance-based models, respectively. The FEA of PMSM was done using COMSOL Multiphysics. The PMSM model results were compared with corresponding FEA simulated results for verification. A comparison of these PMSM models with conventional low fidelity models has also been done to highlight the impact of inclusion of temperature and spatial harmonics. These motor models can be combined with an inverter plant model and a controller can be developed for the complete model. Low frequency oscillations of drivetrain in EVs lead to vibrations which can cause discomfort and torsional stresses. In order to control these oscillations, an active oscillation damping controller can be implemented. For implementation of this control, a three-mass mechanical plant model of drivetrain with an ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) wheel speed sensor has been developed in this thesis. Analysis of the model transfer function to obtain the pole zero maps was performed. This was used to observe and verify presence of low frequency oscillations in the drivetrain. In order to include the effects of ABS wheel speed sensor and CAN communication, a model was developed for the sensor.
Testning av regulatorernas inställningar med hänsyn till snabbhet och noggrannhet i momentreglering är avgörande i trefasiga drivsystem för elektriska fordon. Oftast är det bättre att simulera i stället för att utföra experimentella tester där komponenter kan skadas på grund av fysisk stress. Detta kallas för Model Based Design (MBD). MBD är an effektiv metod för utformningen av styrningen som kan leda till kostnadsbesparingar på 25%-30% och tidsbesparingar på 35%-40% enligt en studie från Altran Technologies i samarbete med Tekniska universitet i München, TUM. Detta examensarbete behandlar en modell för en synkronmaskin med permanentmagneter (PMSM) samt en modell för drivlinan utvecklad i Matlab/Simulink för MBD. PMSMs modellen inkluderar magnetisk mättnad och tvärkoppling, MMF övervågor och temperatur. Två PMSM modeller har utvecklats. Den första baseras på magnetiskt flöde som erhålls från finita element beräkningar i COMSOL Multiphysics medan den andra bygger på induktanser givna från datablad. En jämförelse av dessa PMSM-modeller med konventionella low fidelity-modeller har också gjorts för att illustrera påverkan temperaturberoende och MMF övervågor. Modellerna kan kombineras med en växelriktarmodell för att utveckla en hel styrenhet. Lågfrekventa oscillationer i drivlinan leder till vibrationer som kan orsaka vridspänningar och försämra komforten i elfordonet. En aktiv dämpningsregulator kan implementeras för att kontrollera spänningarna men en mekanisk drivlinemodell med tre massor och en ABS (anti-lock braking system) hastighetssensor behövs. Den mekaniska modellen har implementerats och analyserats även beaktande en modell för en CAN kommunikationskanal. Oscillationer med låg frekvens kunde observeras i modellen.

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23

Bartels, Pia. "Ecology across Boundaries : Food web coupling among and within ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Limnologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160783.

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Cross-boundary movements of energy and material are ubiquitous. Freshwater ecosystems receive nutrients, dissolved, and particulate organic matter from adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, whereas terrestrial ecosystems mainly receive prey organisms and detritus deposited by physical processes such as floods from freshwater ecosystems. Within lakes, fish are considered as integrators between habitats due to their high mobility, although they often occupy either near-shore littoral or open-water pelagic habitats and develop habitat-specific morphologies. Such intra-population divergence in morphological traits might limit the use of multiple habitats. In this thesis, I first focused on quantity and quality of reciprocal fluxes of particulate organic matter between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems and responses of recipient consumers. Freshwater ecosystems generally received higher amounts of externally-produced resources than terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this discrepancy, aquatic and terrestrial consumer responses were similar, likely due to the differences in resource quality. Second, I investigated the potential of particulate organic carbon (POC) supporting benthic food webs in lakes; a pathway that has largely been neglected in previous studies. I found that POC can substantially subsidize the benthic food web and that the effects on the benthic food web were transferred to the pelagic habitat, thus emphasizing the importance of benthic pathways for pelagic production. Third, I examined how water transparency can affect intra-population divergence in perch (Perca fluviatilis). I observed that increased water transparency can considerably increase morphological divergence between littoral and pelagic populations likely due to its effects on foraging. Finally, I investigated the effects of such intra-population divergence on littoral-pelagic food web coupling. I found that low morphological divergence corresponded with high overlap in resource use, whereas strong morphological divergence resulted in low overlap in resource use. Here littoral populations mainly utilized littoral resources and pelagic populations primarily utilized pelagic resources, indicating that habitat coupling might be strongly limited when intra-population divergence is high. In conclusion, although different ecosystems seem separated by distinct physical boundaries, these boundaries are often crossed. However, the development of habitat-specific adaptive traits might limit movement between apparently contiguous habitats.

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24

Xu, Bei. "Les approches extrêmes de la contagion sur les marchés financiers." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40033.

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La thèse est composée de trois parties. La première présente un certain nombre de mesures de dépendance extrême. Une application sur les actions et les obligations de 49 pays montre que la théorie des valeurs extrêmes multivariées conduit aux résultats différents de ceux issus du coefficient de corrélation, mais relativement proches de ceux obtenus du rho de Spearman conditionnel multivarié. Cette partie évalue aussi le risque de pertes importantes simultanées. La deuxième partie examine les déterminants des co-mouvements extrêmes entre 5 pays core et 49 pays non core. Les mécanismes de transmission des chocs varient de la période moins récente à la période récente, des pays développés aux pays émergents, des chocs normaux aux chocs extrêmes. La troisième partie étudie le rôle de valeur refuge de l’or sur la période 1986-2012. Les gains positifs extrêmes de l'or peuvent être liés aux pertes extrêmes du S&P. Cependant, ce lien n'est pas toujours valable, il évolue dans le temps et serait conditionné par d'autres facteurs
The thesis consists of three parts. The first part introduces a number of measures of extreme dependency. An application on stock and bond markets of 49 countries shows the multivariate extreme value theory leads to results which are different from those from the correlation coefficient, but relatively close to those obtained from multivariate conditional Spearman's rho. This part also assesses the risk of simultaneous losses. The second part examines the determinants of extreme co-movements between 5 core countries and 49 non-core countries. Transmission mechanisms of shocks vary from less recent to recent period, from developed to emerging markets, from normal to extreme shocks. The third part examines the role of safe haven of gold over the period 1986-2012. Extreme positive gains of gold can be linked to extreme losses of S&P. However, this relationship is not always valid, it evolves over time and could be determined by other factors

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25

Wu, Chia-Chi, and 吳家齊. "A Cross-Level Investigation of the Linkage between Service Climate and Customer Loyalty." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7nbwg3.

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碩士
淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士班
102
This study investigates the role of service climate in the effective management of salespersons’ customer-oriented behavior in financial and insurance industries. We developed and tested a two-level model in which salespersons’ perceptions of service climate are related to their customer-oriented behavior and their customer-oriented behavior is, in turn, related to customers’ emotional attachment toward the salesperson, and the customer’s emotional attachment are related to customer loyalty. A total of 669 customers involving 147 salespeople were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), with results that support most of the proposed model. More specifically, service climate was positively related to customer-oriented behavior, customer-oriented behavior was directly related to emotional attachment, and emotional attachment was directly related to customer loyalty. In addition, service climate was associated with customer’s emotional attachment through customer-oriented behavior. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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26

Tseng, Kuan-Chang, and 曾冠樟. "A Study on Supervisory Structures for Cross-Border Trading Linkage of Stock Exchanges." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2v5dx9.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
105
Owing to internationalization and liberalization, borderless funds transfer, cross-border financing and investing abroad become trends of modern capital markets. Also, the rise of alternative trading systems and investment banks attracts large numbers of institutional and retail investors to OTC markets. Facing these challenges, stock exchanges strive for reforms, including cross-border cooperation. Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) has been actively promoting the "international link" in recent years, hoping to expand the scale of Taiwan stock market and speed up the pace of internationalization. Cross-border trading linkage (“the linkage”), which is an innovative way of cross-border trading led by stock exchanges, is regarded as an advanced type of cross-border cooperation of stock exchanges. By reducing the cost and simplifying the process of overseas securities sub-brokerage business, investors can get easier, faster, more efficient and cost-effective service from domestic brokers. On the other hand, foreign investors and brokers are also able to directly trade securities listed on the domestic stock exchange, helping to boost the volume and liquidity of domestic capital market. In addition, the linkage is praised as the ultimate form of cross-border trading, for improving the connection between markets and making them to form a single market. The link is particularly popular in the Asia-Pacific region, such as the TWSE-SGX Trading Link, SGX-ASX Trading Link, ASEAN Trading Link, Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect. This study starts from the original type of cross-border trading- traditional sub-brokerage, and introduces the common types of the linkage in the Asia-Pacific region, including remote trading member mode, ASEAN Trading Link mode, SPV-to-SPV mode and Exchange-to-SPV mode. On the basis of these understandings, the problems that may arise in the implementation of the linkage under the current legal system are examined. In this study, the problems for supervisiory structure of the linkage is divided into three layers: the first layer is about the supervision for overseas stock exchanges, SPV subsidiaries and brokers; the second layer is about the treatment to cross-border market misconducts; the third layer is about the manner of cross-border supervisiory cooperation. The following problems are found: First, the Securities and Exchange Act ("the Act") and the relevant rules are lack of flexibility regarding the legal basis for access to Taiwan stock market. Second, the rules for trading qualification and other supervision matters of foreign securities brokers or SPVs are not good enough. Third, TWSE failed to properly handle the conflicts of interest arising from setting up a SPV subsidiary. Fourth, the Act does not explicitly specify the extraterritorial effect, which may induce cross-border supervisiory arbitrage. Fifth, Article 21-1 of the Act needs to be strengthened and clarified. Sixth, the protection of investors need to be adjusted. To solve these problems, Securities and Futures Act (SFA) of Singapore, SGX-ST Rules, Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO) of Hong Kong and Rules of the HKEx are adopted for comparative research, supplemented by legal systems of Australia, China, US and IOSCO. The main conclusions and suggestions of this study are as follows: For the first layer, exemption provisions for accessing to the stock market should be added to the Act; also, remote trading member system, special chapter for the linkage and core trading principles should be added to TWSE rules; besides, multi-level arrangements should be adoped to resolve conflicts of interest. For the second layer, Article 165-4 should be added to the Act to expressly provide extraterritorial effect to market misconducts provisions; also, MOUs and supervisory colleges should be put to good use. For the third layer, requirements and standards of judgment should be adjusted or supplemented to Article 21-1, the role of TWSE and SFIPC for investor protection in the link should be strengthened and adjusted.

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27

Tai, Shih-Chieh, and 戴士傑. "The characteristics of caramelization products (CPs) and its cross-linkage with phenolic compounds." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49445302667044239122.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
94
Caramelization is one of nonenzymatic browning, which produces the substances called caramelization products (CPs). However, the characteristics of different CPs are not the same at different conditions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose) and pH (pH 3, pH 7, pH 10) on the properties of CPs. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity as well as degree of binding of the binding complex between phenolic compounds (catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, anthocyanins) and CPs were analyzed. Results showed that, brown CPs produced from monosaccharide was more evident at pH 10 than at pH 3, and reached the maximum amount after being heated for 12 hours. For the antioxidant capacity, fructose and xylose showed the highest FRAP (2500μmole/l) and DPPH scavenging ability (98.2%) after being heated at pH 10 or pH 7 for 42 hours, respectively. The H-donating ability of CPs from monosaccharide heated for 42 hours was approximately 2.5 folds greater than that of control. During heating, pH value of xylose dropped from pH 10 to pH 5.49. The initial reaction rate of caramelization was greater at pH 10 than that at pH 3 for monosaccharide. While for sucrose, higher rate was found on pH 3. Correlation analysis among UV-absorbing, browning products and antioxidant capacity showed that, monosaccharide showed higher positively correlation coefficient under alkaline condition while sucrose was higher under acidic condition. Which is also connected with the formation rate of caramel. The more the caramel the higher antioxidant. In the sugars-phenolics model system, results showed that, cross-linkage formation occurred between catechin and sugars after heating, but not for chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. It seems that, phenolic compounds with C6C3C6 structure showed higher tendency to cross-linkage with sugars than phenolic acid. For antioxidant capacity analysis, model system with cross-linkage formation exhibited the distinct enhancement of FRAP reducing power. For example, system of 1% fructose and 0.05% catechin increases FRAP reducing power from 2101.6μmole/l to 3562μmole/l after heating. As to DPPH scavenging ability, the cross-linkage formation of catechin and chlorogenic acid with sugars also showed the obvious enhancement. In the 10% sucrose and 0.5% chlorogenic acid system DPPH scavenging ability increase from 2.13% to 61.41% after heating. System of 10% fructose and 0.5% catechin showed the highest degree of binding between phenol and sugar (81%). The binding complex was further confirmed by gel filtration. In the CPs-phenolics model system, there is no precipitation in the system of phenolics and CPs. The 0.5% catechin and 10% sugars system showed the strong FRAP reducing power although there was no synergetic effect. System of 0.05% ferulic acid and CPs of 1% fructose showed the highest DPPH scavenging ability (93.72%) with obvious synergetic effect. HPLC analysis confirmed that the binding between 0.05% catechin and caramel from 1% sucrose was almost 100%. Chlorogenic acid exhibited the same tendency. In conclusion, the antioxidant capacity and reaction rate of the CPs of monosaccharide under pH 10 are better than that at pH 3 and 7. But sucrose under pH 3 is better than that of pH 7 and 10. The antioxidant capacity increased in CPs-phenolics model system after complex formation.

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28

Bissict, Gregg Michael. "A cross sectional study of Net Promoter and its linkage to South African firm growth." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21751.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering (Industrial), 2012
This research project undertakes to investigate the linkage between firni Net Promoter score and firm growth in the South African context. South African fmns arc selected from the cellular service provider industry and the retail banking service provider industi7 and a primary research study is undertaken to obtain sample data for the respective firms’ Net Promoter scores. Finn revenue is defined as a suitable measure of firm growth and half year time period from 2010 to 201 1 arc defined as periods from which percentage growth rates may be computed. Revenue data for each linn is collected from public sources and an annual percentage growth rate for each firm is calculated from revenue reported for the first half of 2010 to 2011. A data reliability test is perfonned on the Net Promoter data set and the data is found to be non-uniform and preferential, indicating scores which arc not arbitrary. A Pearson’s correlation analysis is performed to measure the strength of relationship between the Net Promoter scores and percentage firm revenue growth rates. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis indicates a relatively stronger linear relationship between Net Promoter scores and percentage firm revenue growth for the South African cellular service provider industry segment (0.9932) and a relatively weaker linear relationship between that and the South African retail banking industry segment (0.4752). This research finds that there is a positive linkage between Net Promoter scores and revenue growth rates which is consistent with previous research undertaken on the subject.
WS2017

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29

Liu, Gia-Long, and 劉佳容. "Effects of phenolic compounds on texture of candied guava and its cross-linkage with pectin." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47437537100393724162.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
93
Texture plays an important role in vegetable qualities. Generally, fruit slice become soft after been dried. In order to keep the good texture of candied guava, this study was aimed to improve the cross-linkage chance of the phenolic compounds and pectin of guava by addition of phenolic compounds. It becomes possible to enhance cell adhension and decrease cell wall separation by this procedure. Then, the optimum condition including kinds (ferulic acid, gallic acid, catechin, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid) and concentration (0.5-2 g/L) of phenolic compounds, immersion pH (3-8), temperature (5-45℃) and time (0-60 hr) which affect the formation of ester phenolic between phenolic compounds and cell walls to gain a better stability of texture were chosen. Further investigation on the effects of binding capacity with phenolic compounds and pectin on the hardness of guava slice, was undertaken through a phenolics-pectin model system. We hope to control the texture of guava preserves by modulating ester phenolic formation. Results showed that, the texture of guava slice can be better enhanced at the following phenolic compounds immersion condition: concentration, 0.5 g/L; pH 5; temperature, 25℃ and time, 24 hours. Ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid exhibited the better effect on the texture, while catechin was the worse. In the phenolics-pectin model system, cross-linkage formation of guava polyphenol and commercial pectin, alkali was used to destroy their binding and HPLC analysis was performed to determine the contents of ester phenolic. Results showed that, cinnamic acid possessed highest amount of ester phenolic and was the most effective in binding with the pectin, followed by caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid. Catechin and epicatechin are incapable of binding with pectin. Furthermore, molecular exclusion chromatography was used to purify the complex formed from guava pectin and commercial phenolic compounds, and their binding capacity were calculated. Ferulic acid was found to exhibit the hightest binding capacity, followed by gallic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, and catechin. Apparently, the phenolic compounds that contain carboxylic acid group (-COOH) can be involved in the formation of ester phenolic with the pectin of the cell walls. SEM was further used to observe the completeness of cell wall of guava after cross-linkage. The cell wall was maintained more complete for the samples treated with ferulic acid than those treated with catechin, in which the walls were irregular and tended to collapse. Further autofluorescence reaction revealed cross-linkage located around the cell walls. In the pectin fractionation, addition of phenolic compounds that contain carboxylic acid group (-COOH) which lead to the formation of phenolic compounds cross-linkage with the pectin also increase the hard pectin content. On the antioxidant capacity analysis, the total phenol content, vitamin C remaining, DPPH scavenging ability and FRAP reducing power of dried guava slice by addition phenolic compounds after formation cross-linkage was higher than that of the control. The protection and the effectiveness of the remaining antioxidant capacity at 4℃ was better than 25℃ after 8 weeks storage of the product under vacuum package. In conclusion, the phenolic compounds that contain carboxylic acid group (-COOH) can prevent the separation of cell walls through the cross-linkage with pectin, then improve the texture of candied guava, and the acceptance by sensory evaluation as well.

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30

De, Vos Lieschen. "Genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of a cross between Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium circinatum." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31253.

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The Gibberella fujikuroi species complex accommodates Fusarium spp. in the section Liseola that are unified by a common Gibberella sexual state. These are ubiquitous and economically important pathogens of plants, resulting in crop losses and the production of health-threatening mycotoxins. In this thesis, an interspecific cross between Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans, both members of the G. fujikuroi species complex, were examined. A genetic linkage map was produced using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) and twelve linkage groups were identified. Distortion of the expected segregation patterns of these markers was observed in half of the AFLP markers genotyped. Distorted markers were found distributed throughout the genetic linkage map, leading to the hypothesis that distortion was caused by the high level of genomic divergence between the parental isolates. This was evident in that distorted alleles displayed genomewide skewing towards the F. subglutinans parental genotype, as well as the differential transmission of F. subglutinans alleles to F1 individuals. Investigations of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) involved in mycelial growth of the F1 progeny at 25 and 30˚C, suggested that a principle genomic region was involved. Localization of this QTL to the genomic sequence of F. circinatum revealed a putative fungal transcription factor. The presence of this transcription factor was detected only in F. circinatum, and not in F. verticillioides or F. fujikuroi, the only additional species in the G. fujikuroi species complex for which genomic data are available. The AFLP map allowed investigation of synteny among chromosomes from F. circinatum, F. verticillioides and F. fujikuroi. A significant level of macrosynteny was observed between representatives of the African, American and Asian clades of the G. fujikuroi species complex, respectively. Evidence was also found for a putative reciprocal translocation present only in F. circinatum and F. subglutinans. This region was found to be translocated relative to the genomic sequence of both F. verticillioides and F. fujikuroi. Jointly, these results provided considerable insight, at the genomic level, for species within the G. fujikuroi species complex. Importantly, the utility of a genetic map together with genomic sequence data was demonstrated, and the genetic basis of a growth QTL determined.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Genetics
Unrestricted

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31

Gao, Xin. "Identification and characterisation of a novel glutenin subunit in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/81962.

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Bread is one of the major constituents of the human diet and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal for bread making. The gluten proteins (glutenins and gliadins) are recognised as important components affecting the processing quality of wheat flour. Glu-B1al is an allele that includes a duplication of a gene encoding an x-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit, and is thought to increase dough strength through overexpression of that subunit. In this research, a particular glutenin subunit in an Australian cultivar, H45, was investigated. H45 seemed to carry Glu-B1al, but it has relatively low unextractable polymeric protein (UPP, an indicator of weak dough). Two Bx genes from H45 were cloned and sequenced. Their sequences differ from each other, and each differ by four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the sequence of the Bx genes of Glu-B1al in the Canadian wheat cultivar Glenlea. One of the SNPs leads to an extra cysteine residue in one of the subunits. The Glu-B1 allele of H45 was designated Glu-B1br. With a restriction digest assay designed to distinguish the Glu-B1br allele from other overexpression alleles, it was demonstrated that Glu-B1br is co-inherited with low UPP. Among accessions present in the pedigree of H45 and accessions carrying overexpression alleles, Glu-B1br was detected only in H45. Efforts were made to develop alternative markers for Glu-B1br. Potential polymorphic regions within or close to Glu-B1 locus were investigated, but no closely linked polymorphisms were found that could be targeted for marker design. Individual glutenin subunits encoded by overexpression alleles and a mutant gene (MutBx7.1) derived from the first gene (Bx7.1) of Glu-B1br were obtained by heterologous expression. Flour incorporation tests showed that the glutenin subunit with the extra cysteine residue (Bx7.1) affects flour and dough mixing properties differently from MutBx7.1 and from the Bx subunits encoded by other overexpression alleles. Given that Bx7.1 and MutBx7.1 differ only with respect to the additional cysteine in Bx7.1, the effects of Bx7.1 on the dough properties of H45 can be attributed directly to that cysteine, which may act by impeding polymerisation.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2012

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32

Chuang, Chih-Hao, and 莊誌豪. "Cross-country Comparison of Financial Network Linkage and Capital Structure－Evidence from Taiwan and South Korea IT Firms." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27260601695573077966.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
經濟管理研究所
94
The global specialization of production plays an important role in information technology (IT) recently. The corresponding network linkage has also involved the relationship between countries. The financial position in the downstream country in IT industry, such as U.S., may affect the capital structure of up stream countries, say Taiwan and S. Korea. This study collects the data of Taiwan’s and S. Korea’s IT firms from Compustat for period 1998�{2004 to investigate how the financial position of the down stream firms can influence the capital structure of up stream firms. We further employ the Chow test to investigate whether or not there are structural differences between capital structures of Taiwan’s and S. Korea’s IT firms. The empirical results show that the capital structures of Taiwan’s and S. Korea’s IT firms do appear structural differences. Furthermore, both financial network linkage variables, the working capital of U.S. IT industry, significantly affect Taiwan IT firms’ capital structure, while the cash of U.S. IT industry is the only financial network linkage variable to influence S. Korea IT firms. This may result from the fact that Taiwan IT firms’ capital structure depends heavier on the long-term debt than S. Korean IT firms.

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33

McGinn, Ryan J. "Dynamic Linkage Between Local Cross-frequency Coupling and Communication Through Coherence in an in Vitro Model of Human Neocortical Oscillatory Activity." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43223.

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The dynamical underpinnings of complex computation and information transmission within the brain, while of great interest to the neuroscience community at large, remain poorly understood. One of the striking manifestations of neuronal population activity is that of rhythmic oscillations in the local field potential. It is thought that distinct patterns of these oscillations such as cross-frequency coupling within a given spatial location and coherence between disparate brain regions may represent neuronal computation and communication, respectively. Here we show such dynamics within a human temporal neocortical in vitro model. In specific, we show theta-gamma cross frequency coupling in deep and superficial layers, phase coherence between layers at theta frequencies, and a measure of communication (phase dependent power correlations) between layers at theta frequency. Additionally, we show a novel correlation between communication across layers and cross frequency coupling within layers, demonstrating a dynamic link between local computation and intralaminar communication.

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34

Medeiros, Dean. "Poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation in rural Brazil: a case study of the Cananeia Oyster Producers' Cooperative." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/225.

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The designation and enforcement of protected areas in southeast Brazil severely restricted livelihoods of rural inhabitants, who had limited options to adapt to new settings. Serious challenges emerged from deficiency in local capacity for the organization, management, and application of mitigation interventions. However, the Cananéia Oyster Producers’ Cooperative managed to overcome numerous challenges and was a finalist for the United Nations Development Programme’s 2002 Equator Prize for simultaneous poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation. Qualitative research methods, including Rapid Rural Appraisal tools, were employed to examine the cooperative’s self-organization, cross-scale institutional linkages, and livelihood and conservation impact. Through various coordinated endevours such as the adoption of oyster rearing beds, depuration station, education, and designation of an extractive reserve, cooperative members have been able to improve their livelihoods while minimizing environmental impact. Lessons learned from the cooperative on simultaneous poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation are presented in the final chapter of this thesis.
May 2006

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35

Poissant, Jocelyn. "Evolutionary quantitative genetics and genomics applied to the study of sexually dimorphic traits in wild bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1773.

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The independent evolution of the sexes may often be constrained if male and female homologous traits share a similar genetic architecture. Thus, cross-sex genetic covariance is assumed to play a key role in the evolution of sexual dimorphism (SD) with consequent impacts on sexual selection, population dynamics and the speciation process. I used quantitative genetics tools to assess the importance of sex-specific genetic variance in facilitating the evolution of body mass and horn size SD in wild bighorn sheep from Ram Mountain, Alberta. I also developed a bighorn sheep genetic linkage map composed of 247 microsatellite markers to gain insights about the genetic architecture of trait variation. Finally, I conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of published cross-sex genetic correlations (rMF, a standardized estimate of cross-sex genetic covariance) to test basic hypotheses about the importance of sex-specific genetic variance in the evolution of SD and mechanisms responsible for generating such variance. My results demonstrated that sex-specific genetic variance was present in bighorn sheep and that it likely played an important role in alleviating intralocus sexual conflicts. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis resulted in the identification of numerous loci influencing body mass and horn dimensions, some of which had apparent sex-specific effects. An analysis of 553 rMF estimates recovered from 114 published sources allowed demonstrating that 1) the evolution of SD was generally constrained by positive cross-sex genetic covariance, 2) levels of SD were often sub-optimal, and 3) sex-specific genetic variance was an important mechanism allowing the evolution of SD. In addition, I confirmed the long-standing hypothesis of a general decline in rMF with age. Sexual dimorphism is an important evolutionary phenomenon, but our understanding of its evolution is still limited. After decades of speculation, my research has provided clear empirical evidence for the importance of sex-specific genetic variance in allowing its evolution.
Ecology

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36

"Genetic analysis of leaf and stripe rust resistance in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cross RL4452/AC Domain." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-06-1072.

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Leaf rust and stripe rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are caused by the fungal pathogens Puccinia triticina, and Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, respectively. In North America, the incorporation of adult-plant resistance (APR) genes into breeding lines has been an important strategy to achieve durable resistance to both diseases. Previously, the spring wheat cultivar AC Domain was reported to express an effective level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust under field conditions. Early gene postulation work had suggested AC Domain might carry the APR gene Lr34 due to its phenotypic similarity to other Lr34 carrying lines. However, new gene specific markers have shown that AC Domain is not a carrier of Lr34. The objective of this research was to genetically localize the resistance in AC Domain, which is important because the cultivar has frequently been used as a parent in Canadian breeding programs, primarily for its value as a source of pre-harvest sprouting resistance. A mapping population of 185 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from the cross ‘RL4452’ by ‘AC Domain’ was used for this study. RL4452 is a known carrier of Lr34. During 2011-2012, the DH population was evaluated in field leaf rust nurseries at Saskatoon, SK and Portage, MB and at a stripe rust nursery at Lethbridge, AB. Field results indicated that rust resistance in the mapping population was variable, with lines ranging from highly resistant, to highly susceptible. DH lines carrying Lr34 showed a high level of resistance to both diseases. Thus, the non-Lr34 carriers were genotyped using select SSR markers, and by an Illumina 9k Infinium iSelect SNP assay for subsequent quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. QTL analysis revealed that AC Domain donated a major resistance QTL located on chromosome 2BS, that mapped 46 cM proximal to markers linked to Lr16, and explained a significant portion of the leaf and stripe rust phenotypic variance in all test environments. In addition, this QTL was significantly associated with the expression leaf tip necrosis (LTN), reduction in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and coefficient of infection (CI). In certain environments the interaction between the 2B QTL and Lr34 was additive resulting in a superior level of rust resistance. Indoor rust testing showed AC Domain was susceptible to both diseases at the seedling stage. Taken together these results suggest that the identified resistance in AC Domain is likely due to the presence of an APR gene, on chromosome 2BS.

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37

Infurna, Frank J. Gerstorf Denis. "Examining cross-domain linkages between social support, control beliefs, and health." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-3978/index.html.

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38

Cherng-Jing, Tsay, and 蔡成章. "Preparations and Researchs of the Novel Photo-Cross-Linkable Polyesters." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84494525098508081377.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程研究所
82
The main monomer trans-2,2'-dihydroxystilbene (DHS) has been synthesized by asymmetric photocleavage of coumarin dimeracid (3) which can be obtain by ring-opening of Coumarin dimer.New poly- esters 5 have been prepared by interfacial polycondensation of DHS with different diacid chlorides.The double bonds in poly- esters backbone proceed readily [2+2] photocrosslinking when it is irradiated with 350 nm UV light. From characteristic curve of 5b,5c and 5d in film state,clearly 5d shows the fastest photo- negative type photoresist materials.

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39

ToanLuu, Quoc, and 劉國全. "Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble, Transparent, and Cross-linkable Polyimides." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5aed23.

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碩士
國立成功大學
尖端材料國際碩士學位學程
106
A hydroxyl-containing polyimide (PI) based on 4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA) and 2,2-Bis(3-amino-4 hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (Bis-APAF) was successfully synthesized using the one-step high-temperature polycondensation method to obtain a soluble, transparent, and cross-linkable PI. All its solubility, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties were investigated. In order to enhance the chemical resistance of PI, the PI could be cross-linked chemically and underwent a cross-linked reaction with three different cross-linkers, including 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (1,4-PDI), 4,4'- oxybis (phenyl isocyanate), and resorcinol diglycidylether cross-linkers. The chemical structures of the polyimide and cross-linked polyimides were confirmed using FTIR spectra. The PI showed excellent solubility in common organic solvents, good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 51.06 MPa), an optical transparency of approximately 90% (89.37%) at a wavelength of 550 nm, and it can convert to polybenzoxazole (PBO) at high temperatures. The inherent viscosity of the PI was 0.35 dL/g as measured in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent at 30oC. The cross-linked membranes showed good chemical resistance in organic solvents and higher tensile properties (tensile strength exceeding 76.02 MPa) as compared to the pure PI but showed inferior optical properties that were reduced after cross-linking reaction. The 1,4-PDI, 4,4'- oxybis (phenyl isocyanate) cross-linkers enhanced the thermal properties of the membranes while the 4,4'- oxybis (phenyl isocyanate) cross-linker reduced them.

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40

Chang, Tsai-Tzu, and 張彩姿. "Dynamic Linkages between Energy and the Macroeconomy ─ Spectral Analysis and Cross-Country Comparison." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e7t7eu.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
經濟學系
92
The objective of this thesis is to apply a research method that integrates band spectrum regression (BSR, a frequency domain approach) and vector autoregression (VAR, a time domain approach) to analyze the long-term and short-term dynamic linkages between energy consumption and macroeconomic variables in Taiwan and the United States. Based on the vector autoregression model, we first filter out frequencies of variable series by spectral analysis, and then convert the filtered series into time domain representations for conducting linkage analysis among variables. We also use cross-spectral analysis to estimate the lead-lag structures of two variable series at different frequencies. Variables included in this study are: total energy consumption, energy price, M2 and real industrial production. Monthly data covering periods from 1980:01 to 2001:09 are used for empirical estimation and analysis. The results of this study reveal that, in Taiwan, long-run change in money growth will affect energy consumption. However, the change in real industrial production (no matter it is short-, mid-, or long-term change) will not affect energy consumption, whereas the mid-term energy price change will affect energy consumption significantly. For the United States, the results indicate that the change in money growth will not affect U.S. energy consumption. Change in energy consumption also will not affect real industrial production as well. However, changes in energy price do have significant effect on energy consumption. Due to the existence of differential endowment in natural resources, difference in industrial structures, and differential level of economic development between Taiwan and the United States, we did find different linkage relationship between energy consumption and macroeconomic for the two economies. In addition, the results of cross-spectral analysis show that Taiwan’s energy consumption leads all macroeconomic variables, while the results are reversed for the United States.

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41

Hu, Yi-Wen, and 胡怡文. "A Cross-Country Analysis on the Linkages between Energy Stocks and Oil Prices." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36155398415876871196.

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碩士
中原大學
國際貿易研究所
94
The purpose of this study is to examine the linkages between energy stock prices and crude oil prices. Comparisons are also made among different areas. We use vector autoregression (VAR), vector error correction model (VECM), impulse response, and variance decomposition to analyze the impact of energy stock prices in response to crude oil price shocks. Stock price indices data are used for the current study, and the data frequency is monthly. The data is collected at month-end and the sample period spans from January 1999 to December 2005. Our results show that the impact to the European stock market is evident for oil company indices in dealing with oil price shocks. As for the US market, the impact to the oil company indices is evident as well, but the magnitude of the impact is relatively small in comparison with that of the European market. Furthermore, in the US market, aside from the evident impact observed, the magnitude of the effect of oil price shock will increase gradually when oil price shock sustains for a period of time. Further analysis on the interactions between US and European markets show that positive correlation exists among US oil company indices in dealing with oil price shocks, and which is also higher than that found in the European market. As for the Taiwan market, our results show that energy intensive industries’ (such as transportation and chemical) stock price indices are sensitive to oil price shocks. However, the response of the electronics sector’s stock index is not evident in dealing with oil price shocks. In sum, Taiwan’s stock indices are relatively irresponsive to oil price shocks as compared to the interactions exist among the indices.

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42

Liao, Ming-Hung, and 廖明鴻. "Thermally Cross-Linkable Hole-Transporting Materials for Polymer Light-Emitting Devices." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43c9vc.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立交通大學
應用化學研究所
98
Seven tri-arylamine-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) bearing thermally cross-linkable vinyl groups have been synthesized and characterized. These HTMs could be in situ cross-linked under mild thermal polymerization without any initiator. After cross-linking, the resultant HTMs form robust, smooth, and solvent-resistant networks, which enables the subsequent spin-coating of emissive layer (EML). The HOMO energy levels of the HTMs can be fine-tuned by introducing electron-withdrawing groups or electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring para to the nitrogen. The polymer LED devices with configuration of (ITO/HTLs/PFO/CsF/Al) were fabricated and characterized. The device luminous efficiency is improved because the HTLs can facilitate cascade hole injection and transport, and function as an efficient electron blocker. Most importantly, the milder cross-linking condition for these HTMs allows the commonly used conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), to be incorporated as the bottom hole-injecting layer to reduce the turn-on voltage and improve the luminous efficiency of the devices. In the electroluminescence spectra, in addition to the blue emission from the polyfluorene, we found that these devices showed an emission band at the longer wavelengths, which is proved to be the exciplex emission between the fluorenone spcies and HTMs. On the other hand, the devices with the configuration of (ITO/HTLs/S2Y/TPBI/LiF/Al) using PPV-type yellow emitting polymer SY2 were also fabricated and evaluated. However, due to the electron-dominating properties of SY2, we found that introduction of the HTLs will slow down the hole transport in the devices, thus resulting in unbalanced charge carriers and reduced luminous efficiency. However, the brightness of the devices is generally improved. We envision that the strategy of using styrene as an efficient cross-linker can also be integrated with various HTMs with different properties for realizing high power efficiency white PLED in the future.

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43

Li, Pei-Jung, and 李佩蓉. "Thermally Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivatives:Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications for Inverted Solar Cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80105140044811650461.

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44

Ball, Rebecca A. "Disentangling the effects of litter diversity non-random species loss, cross-system linkages, and ecosystem function /." 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/ball%5Frebecca%5Fa%5F200712%5Fphd.

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45

Wu, Hsu-Hsuan, and 吳旭軒. "Synthesis, Properties, and Optoelectronic Applications of Novel Thermally Cross-Linkable 6,12-Disubstituted Chrysene." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48169644847742191537.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
97
Organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been the subject of intensive investigation in recent years. For LEDs based on small molecules, it is rather straightforward to adopt multilayer strategy via layer-by-layer vacuum deposition. However, for polymer-based LEDs, where spin-coating is the basic way to form films, it is very challenging to form multilayer structures, because of solvent erosion of previously deposited layer during spin-coating. We have prepared a series of novel emissive materials which bearing thermally cross-linkable styryl groups (VPC-1, VPC-2, VPOC-1, VPOC-2). Hole transporting layer and emissive layer could be in situ cross-linked under mild thermal polymerization without any initiator. After cross-linking, the resultant films form robust, smooth, and solvent-resistant networks. At the same time, the electrical and optical properties of the cross-linked polymers are preserved and no deleterious species or undesirable byproducts are produced.

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46

Park, Jae Hee. "An Examination of Automobile Online Brand Communities (AOBCs) in the U.S. and South Korea: Linkages among Motivation, Experience, and Satisfaction." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1113.

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This study explores automobile online brand communities in the different cultural contexts between South Korea and the United States. The core assumption is that members of automobile online brand communities in different cultures have different motivation orientations to visit their online communities and have different community experiences. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were utilized as embedded cultural circumstances in examining relationships between different motivation orientations and community experiences. Two steps of qualitative and quantitative research methods were adopted to determine the relationships among community members’ motivation orientations, community experiences, and satisfaction. The study found that Korean automobile online brand community (KAOBC) members have stronger social, business, and communication motivations than American automobile online brand community (AAOBC) members. These community members’ motivations also influenced their community experiences. Both social network motivations and communication motivations are crucial predictors for four community experiences: Community loyalty, trust, membership identity, and word of mouth (WOM). Community members who have a stronger social networking and/or communication motivation are more likely to have a higher level of community loyalty, trust, membership identity, and WOM. Finally, community experiences were the most important indicators of the satisfaction of online community members among nationality, demographic factors, and motivation orientations.

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47

Villamon, Francisco G. "Late blight resistance linkages in a novel cross of the wild potato species Solanum paucissectum (series Piurana)." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/61325932.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2005.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-32)

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48

Lee, Yun Yang, and 李允揚. "Preparation of Cross-linkable Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Polymer for Secondary Lithium Ion Batteries Separators." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57213491866020767796.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立清華大學
化學工程學系
104
This study investigates in the distinctive features, advantages, potentials as well as obstacles upon the developing process of secondary lithium ion battery (LiB). Safety and energy efficiency issues have always been two of the long-standing barriers that hamper LiBs from being widely utilized in all fields. They usually arise because of the natural intrinsic of olefin separators material limits and herein lies the problem, that is, poor thermal-dimension stability and low electrolyte wettability. Hence, we report a method to design a cross-linkable thermal plastic polymer material by grafting PMASS side chains on PVdF. The as-synthesized grafted polymer was characterized by FITR, DSC, TGA, NMR to verify its molecular structure and thermal property. The nano-fibrous ES PVdF-MASS mat was fabricated by the electrospinning process. Its pore size distribution was also decreased by undergoing hydraulic pressing. After thermal crosslinked, the ES PVdF-MASS CR separator suffers nearly none thermal shrinkage (0.9 %), while also obtain better affinity to the electrolyte. The aforementioned separators were assembled in a containined glove box which was set with low moisturized and low oxygen. The LiBs were compared to the commercial Celgard 2325® ones. Results show that ES PVdF-MASS CR LiBs offer better electric capacity under high-speed charge-discharge cycles and work properly without any performance compromise in the 50-cycle durability test.

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49

Tao, Jhih-Hao, and 陶志豪. "Thermally Cross-linkable Hole Transporting Material and Wet Vanadium Oxide in Perovskite Solar Cells." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/afym88.

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50

Moremoholo, Manthatisi Corinne. "The nature of cross border linkages between Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal and aspects of Basotho migrants in Pietermaritzburg." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5943.

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Дисертації з теми "Cross linkage"

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