Дисертації з теми "Critical scenarios"
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1
Alam, Mohammad Saquib. "Automatic generation of critical driving scenarios." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288886.
Анотація:
Despite the tremendous development in the autonomous vehicle industry, the tools for systematic testing are still lacking. Real-world testing is time-consuming and above all, dangerous. There is also a lack of a framework to automatically generate critical scenarios to test autonomous vehicles. This thesis develops a general framework for end- to- end testing of an autonomous vehicle in a simulated environment. The framework provides the capability to generate and execute a large number of traffic scenarios in a reliable manner. Two methods are proposed to compute the criticality of a traffic scenario. A so-called critical value is used to learn the probability distribution of the critical scenario iteratively. The obtained probability distribution can be used to sample critical scenarios for testing and for benchmarking a different autonomous vehicle. To describe the static and dynamic participants of urban traffic scenario executed by the simulator, OpenDrive and OpenScenario standards are used.Trots den enorma utvecklingen inom den autonoma fordonsindustrin saknas fortfarande verktygen för systematisk testning. Verklig testning är tidskrävande och framför allt farlig. Det saknas också ett ramverk för att automatiskt generera kritiska scenarier för att testa autonoma fordon. Denna avhandling utvecklar en allmän ram för end-to-end- test av ett autonomt fordon i en simulerad miljö. Ramverket ger möjlighet att generera och utföra ett stort antal trafikscenarier på ett tillförlitligt sätt. Två metoder föreslås för att beräkna kritiken i ett trafikscenario. Ett så kallat kritiskt värde används för att lära sig sannolikhetsfördelningen för det kritiska scenariot iterativt. Den erhållna sannolikhetsfördelningen kan användas för att prova kritiska scenarier för testning och för benchmarking av ett annat autonomt fordon. För att beskriva de statiska och dynamiska deltagarna i stadstrafikscenariot som körs av simulatorn används OpenDrive och OpenScenario-standarder.
2
Osman, Gihan. "Scaffolding critical discourse in online problem-based scenarios." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319916.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 13, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3121. Adviser: Thomas M. Duffy.
3
Collin, Sofie. "Synthetic Data for Training and Evaluation of Critical Traffic Scenarios." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177779.
Анотація:
Modern camera-based vehicle safety systems heavily rely on machine learning and consequently require large amounts of training data to perform reliably. However, collecting and annotating the needed data is an extremely expensive and time-consuming process. In addition, it is exceptionally difficult to collect data that covers critical scenarios. This thesis investigates to what extent synthetic data can replace real-world data for these scenarios. Since only a limited amount of data consisting of such real-world scenarios is available, this thesis instead makes use of proxy scenarios, e.g. situations when pedestrians are located closely in front of the vehicle (for example at a crosswalk). The presented approach involves training a detector on real-world data where all samples of these proxy scenarios have been removed and compare it to other detectors trained on data where the removed samples have been replaced with various degrees of synthetic data. A method for generating and automatically and accurately annotating synthetic data, using features in the CARLA simulator, is presented. Also, the domain gap between the synthetic and real-world data is analyzed and methods in domain adaptation and data augmentation are reviewed. The presented experiments show that aligning statistical properties between the synthetic and real-world datasets distinctly mitigates the domain gap. There are also clear indications that synthetic data can help detect pedestrians in critical traffic situationsExamensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet
4
Rezvani, Arany Roushan. "Gaussian Process Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Driving in Safety-Critical Scenarios." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161430.
Анотація:
This thesis is concerned with model predictive control (MPC) within the field of autonomous driving. MPC requires a model of the system to be controlled. Since a vehicle is expected to handle a wide range of driving conditions, it is crucial that the model of the vehicle dynamics is able to account for this. Differences in road grip caused by snowy, icy or muddy roads change the driving dynamics and relying on a single model, based on ideal conditions, could possibly lead to dangerous behaviour. This work investigates the use of Gaussian processes for learning a model that can account for varying road friction coefficients. This model is incorporated as an extension to a nominal vehicle model. A double lane change scenario is considered and the aim is to learn a GP model of the disturbance based on previous driving experiences with a road friction coefficient of 0.4 and 0.6 performed with a regular MPC controller. The data is then used to train a GP model. The GPMPC controller is then compared with the regular MPC controller in the case of trajectory tracking. The results show that the obtained GP models in most cases correctly predict the model error in one prediction step. For multi-step predictions, the results vary more with some cases showing an improved prediction with a GP model compared to the nominal model. In all cases, the GPMPC controller gives a better trajectory tracking than the MPC controller while using less control input.
5
Nitsche, Philippe. "Safety-critical scenarios and virtual testing procedures for automated cars at road intersections." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34433.
Анотація:
This thesis addresses the problem of road intersection safety with regard to a mixed population of automated vehicles and non-automated road users. The work derives and evaluates safety-critical scenarios at road junctions, which can pose a particular safety problem involving automated cars. A simulation and evaluation framework for car-to-car accidents is presented and demonstrated, which allows examining the safety performance of automated driving systems within those scenarios. Given the recent advancements in automated driving functions, one of the main challenges is safe and efficient operation in complex traffic situations such as road junctions. There is a need for comprehensive testing, either in virtual testing environments or on real-world test tracks. Since it is unrealistic to cover all possible combinations of traffic situations and environment conditions, the challenge is to find the key driving situations to be evaluated at junctions. Against this background, a novel method to derive critical pre-crash scenarios from historical car accident data is presented. It employs k-medoids to cluster historical junction crash data into distinct partitions and then applies the association rules algorithm to each cluster to specify the driving scenarios in more detail. The dataset used consists of 1,056 junction crashes in the UK, which were exported from the in-depth On-the-Spot database. The study resulted in thirteen crash clusters for T-junctions, and six crash clusters for crossroads. Association rules revealed common crash characteristics, which were the basis for the scenario descriptions. As a follow-up to the scenario generation, the thesis further presents a novel, modular framework to transfer the derived collision scenarios to a sub-microscopic traffic simulation environment. The software CarMaker is used with MATLAB/Simulink to simulate realistic models of vehicles, sensors and road environments and is combined with an advanced Monte Carlo method to obtain a representative set of parameter combinations. The analysis of different safety performance indicators computed from the simulation outputs reveals collision and near-miss probabilities for selected scenarios. The usefulness and applicability of the simulation and evaluation framework is demonstrated for a selected junction scenario, where the safety performance of different in-vehicle collision avoidance systems is studied. The results show that the number of collisions and conflicts were reduced to a tenth when adding a crossing and turning assistant to a basic forward collision avoidance system. Due to its modular architecture, the presented framework can be adapted to the individual needs of future users and may be enhanced with customised simulation models. Ultimately, the thesis leads to more efficient workflows when virtually testing automated driving at intersections, as a complement to field operational tests on public roads.
6
Fredström, Linna. "Reimagining climate futures : Using critical futures studies to explore scenarios for Ljungby municipality in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194398.
Анотація:
A growing body of research is calling for radical transformation of society to avoid catastrophic levels of climate change and create a more sustainable and just future. To make this possible, climate researcher will need new approaches and methods that help envision and enable transformations. In this thesis I explore how transformative scenario studies can incorporate critical social theory to enable more reflexive and actionable results. I develop climate change scenarios for a Swedish municipality and adopt a novel combination of the Manoa method and causal layered analysis. This methodological contribution, combining the creativity of the Manoa method and critical perspective of causal layered analysis, is coupled with a transdisciplinary approach. Through collaboration with local actors, including political, private, and civil society representatives, the study maximizes the relevance of the results to the local community. Building on the area’s cultural heritage of oral storytelling, the final scenarios are developed in collaboration with local storytellers and presented back to the community as a set of short stories. The study makes two noteworthy contributions. First, by allowing local context and culture to guide the creation and dissemination of results the study shows the power of a transdisciplinary approach. Second, by applying a critical theory lens, the study unveils how underlying assumptions limit our capacity to imagine different futures and that challenging these assumptions can increase the transformative potential of scenario research.
7
Tan, Kaige. "Building verification database and extracting critical scenarios for self-driving car testing on virtual platform." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263927.
Анотація:
This degree project, conducted at Volvo Cars, investigates a method about how to build a test database for an Autonomous Driving (AD) function on a virtual platform and how to extract critical scenarios from the test database to finish test cases reduction through optimization. The virtual platform under study is the model-in-the-loop (MIL) based Simulation Platform Active Safety (SPAS) environment and the optimization tool being used is modeFrontier. The analyzing process, in which three levels of abstraction for scenarios are proposed in order to fulfill all requirements for an AD function, is followed in the project to build the test database. Application is carried out to transform requirements from a specific Operational Design Domain (ODD) and linguistic representation into a test suite which contains concrete scenarios and test cases. A meta-model is built to help analyze system structure and parameter requirements in the level of logical scenarios. The practicability of a scenario-based approach for the design of AD function test cases generation is demonstrated with the example of building Traffic Congestion Support (TCS) test database. Obtaining the test database and the successful analysis of parameters for the TCS function on the MIL platform lead to the main goal of the thesis project, which is finding edge cases in the test database by optimizing objective functions. By defining the objective functions and building the workflow in modeFrontier after trying with different methods, the optimization process is implemented with two different algorithms separately. pilOPT is evaluated as a better solution for AD function than Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) in terms of computational time and edge cases finding. In addition, a noise model is added to ideal sensor model in SPAS to study the influence of noise in real test track. The result shows a big difference in Time-toCollision value, which is a defined objective function in the project. This indicates more test cases are deteriorated to critical scenario if noise is taken into consideration, which shows the influence of noise cannot be neglected during testing.Detta examensarbete, genomfört hos Volvo Cars, undersöker en uppbyggnadsmetod av en testdatabas för Autonomous Driving (AD) på en virtuell plattform och hur man bör extrahera kritiska scenarier från testdatabasen för att reducera antalet testfall genom optimering. Den aktuella virtuella plattformen är den model-in-the-loop (MIL) baserade Simulation Platform Active Safety (SPAS) miljön och optimeringsverktyget som användes är modeFrontier. Analysprocessen, i vilken tre abstraktionsnivåer för scenarier är föreslagna i syfte att satisfiera alla kraven för AD, redogörs för i detta projekt. Tillämpning har genomförts för att transformera krav från en specifik Operational Design Domain (ODD) samt lingvistisk representation till en testsvit som innehåller konkreta scenarier och testfall. En metamodell har konstruerats för att assistera med analysen av systemstrukturen och parameterkraven i nivån av logiska scenarier. Genomförbarheten av en scenariobaserad infallsvinkel för designen av AKF-testfall demonstreras med exemplet av konstruktionen av Traffic Congestion Support (TCS)- testdatabasen. Erhållandet av testdatabasen och den framgångsrika analysen av parametrarna för TCSfunktionen på MIL-plattformen ledde till det huvudsakliga målet med examenarbetet, vilket var att identifiera kantfall i testdatabasen genom att optimera objektfunktioner. Genom att definiera objektfunktionerna och konstruera arbetsflödet i modeFrontier efter flertalet försök med olika metoder, implementerades optimeringsprocessen med tvåseparata algoritmer. pilOPT evalueras som en bättre lösning för AD jämfört med Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) med avseende på beräkningstid och identifiering av kantfall. Dessutom har brus adderats till den ideala sensormodellen i SPAS för att studera inflytandet av brus i en verklig testmiljö. Resultaten visar på en stor skillnad i tid-till-kollisionsvärde, vilket är en väldefinierad objektfunktion i projektet. Detta indikerar att fler testfall har försämrats till ett kritiskt scenario om brus tas man tar hänsyn till brus, vilket visar på att inflytandet av brus inte kan försummas under testning.
8
Jose, Anita Ann. "Economic evaluation of small wind generation ownership under different electricity pricing scenarios." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7075.
Анотація:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Anil Pahwa
With the Smart Grid trend setting in, various techniques to make the existing grid smarter are being considered. The price of electricity is one of the major factors, which affects the electric utility as well as the numerous consumers connected to the grid. Therefore deciding the right price of electricity for the time of day would be an important decision to make. Consumers’ response to this change in price will impact peak demand as well as their own annual energy bill. Owning a small wind generator under the Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) and Time of Use (TOU) price-based demand response programs could be a viable option. Economic evaluation of owning a small wind generator under the two pricing schemes, namely Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) and Time of Use (TOU), is the main focus of this research. Analysis shows that adopting either of the pricing schemes will not change the annual energy bill for the consumer. Taking into account the installed cost of the turbine, it may not be significantly economical for a residential homeowner to own a small wind turbine with either of the pricing schemes in effect under the conditions assumed.
9
Bessani, Michel. "Resilience and vulnerability of power distribution systems: approaches for dynamic features and extreme weather scenarios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-11072018-165318/.
Анотація:
Our society is heavily dependent on commodities, as water and electricity, supplied to final users by engineered systems, which are known as critical infrastructures. In such context, the understanding of how such systems handle damaging events is an important aspect and is a current concern of researchers, public agents, and society. How much of performance a system loses due to damages is related to its vulnerability, and the ability to absorb and recover successfully from damages is its resilience. In this study, approaches to assess the vulnerability and resilience of power distribution systems by evaluating dynamic features, as the processes of failure and repair, and system reconfiguration for vulnerability, and the effects of extreme weather scenarios for resilience together with the processes of failure of repair are presented. Such approaches were applied on systems previously presented in the literature, and also on a Brazilian power distribution system. A Monte Carlo simulation was applied to evaluate this systems, models for time-to-failure and time-to-repair under different circumstances were obtained from historical data, and a method to use the models of time-to-failure during the vulnerability analysis was introduced. In addition, an assessment of the impact of reconfiguration capability on vulnerability is also carried out, and a resilience assessment under different climate scenarios has been developed. The time-to-failure and repair models highlighted how external factors modifies the Brazilian system failure and repair dynamics, the use of time-to-failure models during vulnerability analysis showed that the consideration of the failure dynamic of the types of elements give different results, and the time domain allows new analysis\' perspectives. The investigation indicated that the vulnerability reduction due to reconfiguration is affected by the number of switches and also the maximum load capacity of the distribution system feeders. The resilience assessment showed that for structural connectivity, larger distribution networks are less resilient, while for electricity delivery, a set of features, related with the topological and electrical organization of such networks, seems to be associated with the network service resilience, such information is useful for system planning and management. The dynamics evaluated in this study are relevant to vulnerability and resilience of such systems, and also to other critical infrastructures. Moreover, the developed approaches can be applied to other systems, as transportation and water distribution. In future studies, other power distribution systems features, as distributed generation and energy storage, will be considered in both, vulnerability and resilience analysis.Nossa sociedade é altamente dependente de commodities, como água e eletricidade, fornecidas para os usuários por sistemas de engenharia, conhecidos como infraestruturas críticas. A compreensão de como tais sistemas lidam com eventos prejudiciais é uma preocupação atual de pesquisadores, agentes públicos e sociedade. A perda de desempenho de um sistema devido a danos é relacionada à sua vulnerabilidade, e a capacidade de absorver e se recuperar dos danos é a resiliência. Neste estudo, são apresentadas abordagens para avaliar a vulnerabilidade e resiliência de sistemas de distribuição de energia considerando características dinâmicas, como os processos de falha e reconfiguração do sistema, para a vulnerabilidade, e os efeitos de climas extremos na resiliência com os processos de falha e reparo. Tais abordagens foram aplicadas em sistemas previamente apresentados na literatura, e também em um sistema brasileiro. Simulação de Monte Carlo foi utilizada para avaliar as dinâmicas de falha e reparo do sistema utilizando de modelos obtidos a partir de dados históricos, e um método para usar os modelos de tempo-até-falha durante a análise de vulnerabilidade também foi apresentado. Além disso, uma avaliação do impacto da dinâmica de reconfiguração na vulnerabilidade foi realizada e uma avaliação de resiliência sob diferentes cenários climáticos foi desenvolvida. Os modelos tempo-para-falha e reparo destacaram como fatores externos modificam as dinâmicas de falha e reparo do sistema brasileiro, o uso de modelos de confiabilidade na análise de vulnerabilidades mostrou que a consideração dos diferentes tipos de elementos geram resultados diferentes e o domínio de tempo permite novas perspectivas de análise. A investigação da reconfiguração indicou que a redução da vulnerabilidade devido à reconfiguração é afetada pelo número de chaves e também pela máxima capacidade de carga dos alimentadores do sistema de distribuição. A avaliação de resiliência mostrou que, para conectividade estrutural, redes de distribuição maiores são menos resilientes, enquanto que para fornecimento de energia, um conjunto de características, relacionados com a organização topológica e elétrica dessas redes parece ser associado à resiliência do serviço, informação útil para o planejamento. As dinâmicas avaliadas neste estudo são relevantes para a vulnerabilidade e resiliência de tais sistemas, e também para outras infraestruturas críticas. Além disso, essas abordagens podem ser aplicadas a outros sistemas, como transporte e distribuição de água. Em estudos futuros, outras características de sistemas de distribuição de energia, como geração distribuída e armazenamento de energia, serão consideradas nas análises de vulnerabilidade e resiliência.
10
CASTRO, ABEL ARRIETA. "DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST AND FAULT TOLERANT INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF ROAD VEHICLES IN CRITICAL DRIVING SCENARIOS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33168@1.
Анотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Atualmente, as novas tecnologias estão estendendo os limites físicos dos veículos automotivos em busca de mais segurança e comforto. Novas aplicações, como por exemplo veículos autônomos, exigem sistemas de controle capazes de garantir a estabilidade do veículo durante a condução autônoma ou em cenários perigosos. Na maioria dos carros modernos, os sistemas de controle atuam de forma independente, ou seja, não há coordenação ou compartilhamento de dados entre eles, pois poderiam produzir conflitos entre esses controladores. Desse modo, nenhuma melhoria na estabilidade do veículo é alcançada ou inclusive, piores cenários podem ser produzidos. Para superar esses problemas, uma abordagem integrada é projetada neste trabalho. Esta integração, definida como sistema de controle integrado (IC), usa uma regra para coordenar o programa eletrônico de estabilidade (ESP em inglês) e o sistema de direção de quatro rodas (4WS em inglês). O ESP realiza uma frenagem seletiva dependendo do estado atual do veículo. Esta condição é estimada pela diferença entre a taxa de guinada desejada, obtida usando um modelo linear do veículo, e a taxa de guinada real. Adicionalmente, as pressões de frenagem em cada roda são calculadas pelo sistema de travagem antibloqueio (ABS em inglês). Neste trabalho, uma lógica de comutação on-off e um modelo hidráulico de primeira ordem são empregadas para modelar o sistema ABS. Para projetar o 4WS, usou-se uma estratégia por alimentação direta que considera o ângulo de esterçamento das roas frontais. Finalmente, para testar as vantagens do sistema IC proposto nesta tese contra o enfoque não integrado, realizaram-se simulações considerando um modelo não-linear do veículo em cenários críticos de condução. O modelo do veículo foi derivado empregando a abordagem multicorpos e o princípio de Jourdain, e depois é validado usando um conjunto de dados experimentais obtidos por sensores montados em um carro a escala.
Nowadays new technologies are pushing the road vehicle limits further. Promising applications, e.g. self-driving cars, requires control systems that are able to ensure the vehicle s stability during autonomous driving or under dangerous scenarios. In most of modern cars, the control systems actuates independently, i.e. there is no coordination or data sharing between them. This approach can produce conflicts between these standalone controllers, thereby no improvements on the vehicle s stability are achieved or even a worse scenario can be produced. In order to overcome these problems, an integrated approach is designed in this work. This integration, defined as Integrated control system (IC), use a rule to coordinate the Electronic stability program (ESP) and the Four-wheel steering system (4WS). The ESP performs a selective braking depending of the current state of the vehicle. This condition is estimated by the difference between the desired yaw rate, obtained using a linear vehicle model, and the actual yaw rate. In addition, the braking pressures at each wheel are computed by the Anti-lock braking system (ABS). In this work, an on-off switching logic and a firstorder hydraulic model are employed to model the ABS system. To model the 4WS, a simple feed-forward control strategy that consider the front steering as input is used. Finally, in order to test the advantages of the IC system against the non-integrated one, simulations considering a nonlinear vehicle model under critical driving scenarios were performed. The vehicle model was derived employing the multibody approach and the Jourdain s principle, and then it is validated using a set of experimental data obtained by sensors mounted on a scaled car.
11
Walsh, Susan A. "The Effects of Pattern Recognition Based Simulation Scenarios on Symptom Recognition of Myocardial Infarction, Critical Thinking, Clinical Decision-Making, and Clinical Judgment in Nursing Students." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/18.
Анотація:
In the United States nearly 1 million annual new and recurrent myocardial infarctions (MI) occur with 10% of patients hospitalized with MI having unrecognized ischemic symptoms. Inexperienced nurses are expected to accurately interpret cardiac symptom cues, possibly without ever having experienced care of patients with MI, yet have been shown to be less able to classify symptom cues and reach accurate conclusions than experienced nurses. The purpose of this study was to test an educational intervention using theories of pattern recognition to develop CT in MI and improve nursing students’ clinical decision-making and clinical judgment using high fidelity patient simulation. This study used a quasi-experimental three group pre-/post-test design and qualitative data to triangulate information on critical thinking, clinical decision-making, and clinical judgment in MI. A sample of junior baccalaureate in nursing students (N = 54) from a large metropolitan university were divided in pairs and randomized to one of two control groups. Data were collected with instruments which measured pattern recognition in MI, critical thinking in MI, and self-perception of clinical decision-making. In addition, diagnostic efficiency and accuracy were measured. Triangulation on clinical decision making with semi-structured interviews using ‘thinking aloud’ technique was conducted. Data were analyzed as qualitative data and compared among groups. Students who were given prototypes for MI using simulation significantly improved critical thinking as measured by pattern recognition in MI (t(3.153(2), p = .038) compared with the non-simulation control group. Qualitative findings showed that students receiving the experimental simulation with a non-MI scenario and feedback-based debriefing had greatest gains in clinical reasoning which included development of clinical decision-making using analytic hypothetico-deductive and Bayesian reasoning processes and learned avoidance of heuristics. Students receiving the experimental simulation learned to identify salient symptom cues, analyzed data more complexly, and reflected on their simulation experience in a way which students reported improved learning. Students who were given MI only simulation scenarios developed deleterious heuristics and showed fewer gains in clinical reasoning, though both simulation groups demonstrated greater critical thinking ability than the non-simulation control group. Findings support the use of simulation to improve clinical reasoning including pattern recognition and clinical decision-making, and emphasize the significance of simulation scenario construction and debriefing to achieving learning outcomes. The findings could be used to guide further research to improve critical thinking, clinical decision-making, and clinical judgment in nursing students using simulation. Funding for this study was provided by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses and Philips Medical Systems and a testing grant from Elsevier, Assessment.
12
Tsallis, Constantino, Pedro W. Lamberti, Domingo Prato, and tsallis@cbpf br. "A Nonextensive Critical Phenomenon Scenario for Quantum Entanglement." ESI preprints, 2000. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi977.ps.
13
Ramos, José María. "Alternative futures of globalisation a socio-ecological study of the world social forum process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40986/1/Jose_Ramos_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Inspired by the initial World Social Forum in Porto Alegre Brazil, over the past decade over 200 local and regional social forums have been held, on five continents. This study has examined the nature of this broader social forum process, in particular as an aspect of the movement for 'another globalisation'. I discuss both the discourses for 'another world', as well as the development of an Alternative Globalisation Movement. As an action research study, the research took place within a variety of groups and networks. The thesis provides six accounts of groups and people striving and struggling for 'another world'. I provide a macro account of the invention and innovation of the World Social Forum. A grassroots film-makers collective provides a window into media. A local social forum opens up the radical diversity of actors. An activist exchange circle sheds light on strategic aspects of alternative globalisation. An educational initiative provides a window into transformations in pedagogy. And a situational account (of the G20 meeting in Melbourne in 2006) provides an overview of the variety of metanetworks that converge to voice demands for global justice and sustainability. In particular, this study has sought to shed light on how, within this process, groups and communities develop 'agency', a capacity to respond to the global challenges they / we face. And as part of this question, I have also explored how alternatives futures are developed and conceived, with a re-cognition of the importance of histories and geo-political (or 'eco-political') structures as contexts. I argue the World Social Forum Process is prefigurative, as an interactional process where many social alternatives are conceived, supported, developed and innovated into the world. And I argue this innovation process is meta-formative, where convergences of diverse actors comprise ‘social ecologies of alternatives’ which lead to opportunities for dynamic collaboration and partnership.
14
Elrgaiye, Ali Saad Ab. "Semi-quantitative Risk Assessment of an anaerobic digestion process." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Анотація:
Biogas is the most emerging industrial sector for energy production from renewable sources at National and European levels, and growing government funds favor the development of its market. From a process safety standpoint, Seveso Directive (Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council), but Biogas plants are complicated enough to require both their specific technology and an accurate risk assessment for design purposes. The number of accidents involving biogas plants has been too many to be ignored. Biogas plants are often operated wrongly, deficient in technological details and incorrectly scaled-up. Moreover, all these mistakes are repeated over and over again. Therefore, there is the pressing need for an assessment of the reliability of these plants in order to operate them safely. For this reason, a quantitative risk assessment was carried out to on a biogas production plant.
Starting from event trees conventional for process industry (EU- Project ARAMIS), to the critical events, and ending with selecting the specific reference accident scenarios.
15
Fazakerley, Victor William. "Critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1246.
Анотація:
This study makes a contribution to the Australian urban water supply industry because it highlights some of the critical issues the industry faces in the future. Through the scenarios it illuminates an alternative method to develop strategies for the future. Ultimately the end result of scenario planning is not a more accurate picture of the future, but better decision making for the future. This is a significant piece of research because it demonstrates the advantages of the scenario planning process as a method to illuminate the potential future dangers and opportunities in the water industry's business environment. The scenarios can be used as a launching pad for strategic planning and to prepare the water industry for the uncertainties it faces. Water is precious and essential to life. Water supply is arguably the ultimate essential service. Australia uses about 22,000 gigalitres of water [l gigalitre (GL) = 1,000,000,000 litres, approximately 444 Olympic swimming pools (ABS 2004)] per annum across all sectors, irrigation, industry and domestic. The aim of this study was to determine the critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry. The study achieved this with the aid of scenarios that tell stories about urban water supply to the year 2025. A key to this study is the concept of organisations as living organisms, which are capable of learning and adapting to changes in their business environment. Today's business environment is constantly changing through globalisation, technological innovation and society's values. To survive, organisations must be able to anticipate and adapt to this often uncertain environment.Traditional methods, from a mechanistic perspective, of developing strategic plans for the future have a poor track record because they invariably rely on forecasting and predicting the future from historical information that, in an increasingly uncertain and fast changing world, may no longer be appropriate. Scenarios are stories about the future. They combine uncertainty and trends with creativity, insight and intuition to enable an organisation to learn and develop strategies for the future from an organic perspective. Scenarios are not predictions, but they are plausible stories about the future. The stories do allow an organisation to re-perceive a different world by questioning prevailing paradigms and assumptions. The underlying philosophical basis for scenario planning is constructivist which is consistent with the ontological position taken for this study. This study was undertaken under a qualitative research paradigm. The ontological position taken to answer the research question was constructivist with a critical perspective where realities are intangible mental constructs based on the culture and experience of individuals or groups. Constructs are more or less informed and changeable. From an epistemological perspective the constructivist position assumes that the enquirer and subject of the research are interactively linked so that findings are created. Research under a constructivist paradigm requires a hermeneutical and dialectical methodology leading to interpretation.The methodology adopted for this study was grounded research, being a modification of grounded theory and applicable to the business environment. Data were initially gathered by semi-structured interview, the objective being two fold. 1. The data were used to elicit critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry. 2. The data were used to develop 'plausible' futures for the urban water supply industry in the form of scenarios. The data were analysed using grounded research principles and organised using NVivo (Richards 1999; NVivo 2002). After two stages of analysis, 16 major categories, focusing on the future emerged from the data. In order to write the scenarios two key uncertainties critical to the future of the urban water supply industry were required for the scenario matrix. The two selected were 'Water availability' and 'Technological change' from the water industry's contextual environment. These two key uncertainties were considered to be the most uncertain and have the greatest impact on the future of the water industry. These two key uncertainties formed the context for the scenarios into which over 200 other issues were de-dimentionalised, as in the scenario planning method, and crafted into four scenarios. A time horizon of 2025 was selected for the scenarios to reflect the water industry's long term planning horizon.The scenarios were called 'Decadent water use', which depicts a future where there is plenty of water and technology addresses the cost of service delivery; 'Smart water world', which depicts a future where water is scarce but is addressed by technology providing alternative sources of water; 'Muddy waters', which depicts a future where there is plenty of water but technology does not address the cost of delivery and issues of infrastructure deterioration and 'Mad Max water world', which depicts a future where water is scarce and technology does not address the scarcity, the situation becomes a crisis. From the scenarios and using concepts from complex adaptive systems theory a number of critical issues emerged from the data. Some were at a philosophical level such as whether water, as a common good, fits with society's philosophy about water. Others were at a practical level for example expressing the criticality for the water industry to build community trust and support. The research notes the potential for further qualitative research in the fields of community attitudes and behaviours towards water, water services, recycling wastewater and the preparedness to pay for water services. In addition there is potential to further develop scenarios presented in this study; 'Decadent water use', 'Smart water world', 'Muddy waters' and 'Mad Max water world'; for the Australian urban water supply industry using the data from this research as a basis for group consultation.
16
Fazakerley, Victor William. "Critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15971.
Анотація:
This study makes a contribution to the Australian urban water supply industry because it highlights some of the critical issues the industry faces in the future. Through the scenarios it illuminates an alternative method to develop strategies for the future. Ultimately the end result of scenario planning is not a more accurate picture of the future, but better decision making for the future. This is a significant piece of research because it demonstrates the advantages of the scenario planning process as a method to illuminate the potential future dangers and opportunities in the water industry's business environment. The scenarios can be used as a launching pad for strategic planning and to prepare the water industry for the uncertainties it faces. Water is precious and essential to life. Water supply is arguably the ultimate essential service. Australia uses about 22,000 gigalitres of water [l gigalitre (GL) = 1,000,000,000 litres, approximately 444 Olympic swimming pools (ABS 2004)] per annum across all sectors, irrigation, industry and domestic. The aim of this study was to determine the critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry. The study achieved this with the aid of scenarios that tell stories about urban water supply to the year 2025. A key to this study is the concept of organisations as living organisms, which are capable of learning and adapting to changes in their business environment. Today's business environment is constantly changing through globalisation, technological innovation and society's values. To survive, organisations must be able to anticipate and adapt to this often uncertain environment.Traditional methods, from a mechanistic perspective, of developing strategic plans for the future have a poor track record because they invariably rely on forecasting and predicting the future from historical information that, in an increasingly uncertain and fast changing world, may no longer be appropriate. Scenarios are stories about the future. They combine uncertainty and trends with creativity, insight and intuition to enable an organisation to learn and develop strategies for the future from an organic perspective. Scenarios are not predictions, but they are plausible stories about the future. The stories do allow an organisation to re-perceive a different world by questioning prevailing paradigms and assumptions. The underlying philosophical basis for scenario planning is constructivist which is consistent with the ontological position taken for this study. This study was undertaken under a qualitative research paradigm. The ontological position taken to answer the research question was constructivist with a critical perspective where realities are intangible mental constructs based on the culture and experience of individuals or groups. Constructs are more or less informed and changeable. From an epistemological perspective the constructivist position assumes that the enquirer and subject of the research are interactively linked so that findings are created. Research under a constructivist paradigm requires a hermeneutical and dialectical methodology leading to interpretation.
The methodology adopted for this study was grounded research, being a modification of grounded theory and applicable to the business environment. Data were initially gathered by semi-structured interview, the objective being two fold. 1. The data were used to elicit critical issues for the future of the Australian urban water supply industry. 2. The data were used to develop 'plausible' futures for the urban water supply industry in the form of scenarios. The data were analysed using grounded research principles and organised using NVivo (Richards 1999; NVivo 2002). After two stages of analysis, 16 major categories, focusing on the future emerged from the data. In order to write the scenarios two key uncertainties critical to the future of the urban water supply industry were required for the scenario matrix. The two selected were 'Water availability' and 'Technological change' from the water industry's contextual environment. These two key uncertainties were considered to be the most uncertain and have the greatest impact on the future of the water industry. These two key uncertainties formed the context for the scenarios into which over 200 other issues were de-dimentionalised, as in the scenario planning method, and crafted into four scenarios. A time horizon of 2025 was selected for the scenarios to reflect the water industry's long term planning horizon.
The scenarios were called 'Decadent water use', which depicts a future where there is plenty of water and technology addresses the cost of service delivery; 'Smart water world', which depicts a future where water is scarce but is addressed by technology providing alternative sources of water; 'Muddy waters', which depicts a future where there is plenty of water but technology does not address the cost of delivery and issues of infrastructure deterioration and 'Mad Max water world', which depicts a future where water is scarce and technology does not address the scarcity, the situation becomes a crisis. From the scenarios and using concepts from complex adaptive systems theory a number of critical issues emerged from the data. Some were at a philosophical level such as whether water, as a common good, fits with society's philosophy about water. Others were at a practical level for example expressing the criticality for the water industry to build community trust and support. The research notes the potential for further qualitative research in the fields of community attitudes and behaviours towards water, water services, recycling wastewater and the preparedness to pay for water services. In addition there is potential to further develop scenarios presented in this study; 'Decadent water use', 'Smart water world', 'Muddy waters' and 'Mad Max water world'; for the Australian urban water supply industry using the data from this research as a basis for group consultation.
17
Hjortsberg, Sofie. "Critical metals in high-growth technologies : A scenario study of equitable technology distribution in 2050." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30792.
Анотація:
This scenario study focused on potential future demand of critical metals if the world strives for equitable use of technologies in the world in 2050. Smartphones and other electronics are increasing in the world and the consumption rate is high as the use-life generally are short. Technologies moving away from fossil fuels have increased in recent years and include solar cells and wind power in the energy sector and electric vehicles in the transportation sector. All these growing technologies are dependent on some specific metals. In some technological areas, the potential future use of specific metals have the risk to become critically scarce, as the use of these technologies increase. These technologies and their use of these potentially critical metals have been investigated in this scenario study, assuming equitable technology distribution in 2050. For metals which in the scenario study indicate critical supply, potential strategies have been screened. Rare earth elements have played a huge role improving wind turbines due to their use of neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium. Indium and tellurium are used to produce the new generation of solar cells. Lithium is important in electric vehicles and smartphone batteries. These potentially scarce metals might have the possibility to be substituted with other metals that can serve as a good enough substitution in these application. If these metals are substituted it is important that the substitution materials will not in themselves become critical. Substituting one critical metal with another might just result in the same unsustainable problems. These potentially scarce metals are also connected to some environmental consequences as demand is rapidly growing and mining is the main source for these metals. Another problem is that recycling rates are low and these metals often end up in landfills where they pose a risk of leaching hazardous or harmful substances. This scenario study showed supply limitations for the seven metals that were included. The outcome of this study resulted in the following conclusions: Indium and tellurium have a risk to become extremely critical where neither reduced material intensity nor recycling can decrease demand enough. Lithium demand Risks to become too high to support with current reserves and as material intensity is likely to increase, and recycling only can contribute with small shares in 2050, substitution is the preferable solution to the lithium scarcity. Neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium demands can be reduced through reduced material intensity, but as they are dependent on other REEs the availability of these four metals will depend on the demand for other REEs Materials under development as substitutions have to be studied regarding their availability and price sensitivity. Substituting one critical metal with another may result in similar problems for a new metal instead of a long-term solution.2017-05-02
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Lima, Marlos Correia de. "O futuro das ideias: análise estrutural & incertezas-críticas prospectivas para think tanks." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9028.
Анотація:
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The objective of this study is to identify prospective criticai uncertainties for think tanks, important information for the elaboration of prospective scenarios for these organizations. A qualitative approach was adopted. Data were collected from literature and from interviews with key executives from Fundação Getulio Vargas and international specialists were analyzed. A theoretical evaluation of the main think tanks definitions and classifications was performed, and the common elements across the definitions were identified and used to construct a suitable think tank definition that was considered in the subsequent phases of the study. The URCA Structural Analysis Model (MARQUES, 1988) was applied to evaluate 21 prospective variables selected from the collected data. The results indicate 8 prospective criticai uncertainties for think tanks: 1) Think tanks internationalization; 2) Agenda globalization; 3) International projection of the nations; 4) Competition among think tanks; 5) Competition between think tanks and ONGs, advisers, web and other information providers; 6) Technical staff; 7) Leading group; and 8) Financiai diversification and sustainability.
EI objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las incertidumbres-críticas prospectivas para think tanks, un importante subsidio para la elaboración de escenarios prospectivos para esas organizaciones. EI enfoque es cualitativo: los datos, recolectados por medio de bibliografía y entrevistas con ejecutivos estratégicos de la Fundação Getulio Vargas y especialistas internacionales, fueron tratados por el método de Análisis Estructural. Para este fin, se utilizó el Modelo URCA (MARQUES, 1988). Creemos que se trata de un abordaje inédito en el área. La base teórica analiza las definiciones y clasificaciones de think tanks, identifica atributos comunes a tales conceptos y, a partir de esta referencial, presenta la definición think tank objeto de este estudio. A seguir, a partir de los datos recolectados, son descritas 21 variables prospectivas. Esta lista inicial de variables es sometida ai Modelo URCA de Análisis Estructural (MARQUES, 1988), indicando, como resultado, ocho incertidumbrescríticas prospectivas para think tanks: Internacionalización de think tanks; Globalización de la agenda; Proyección internacional de las naciones; Competencia entre think tanks; Competencia de ONGs, consultorías, redes y similares; Cuadro técnico; Cuerpo directivo; y Diversificación y sustentación financieras.
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as incertezas-críticas prospectivas para fhínk fanks, importante subsídio na elaboração de cenários prospectivos para essas organizações. O enfoque é qualitativo: os dados, coletados por bibliografia e em entrevistas com executivos estratégicos da Fundação Getulio Vargas e especialistas internacionais, foram tratados pelo método da Análise Estrutural. Para tanto, utilizouse o Modelo URCA (MARQUES, 1988). Acredita-se tratar de abordagem inédita na área, pois registro de Análises Prospectivas para thínk tanks não foram localizados. A base teórica analisa diversas definições e classificações de fhínk fanks, identifica atributos comuns a tais conceitos e, a partir deste referencial, apresenta a definição de thínk tank, objeto deste estudo. Em seguida, a partir dos dados coletados, são descritas 21 variáveis prospectivas. Essa lista inicial de variáveis é submetida ao Modelo URCA de Análise Estrutural, gerando, como resultado, oito incertezascríticas prospectivas para thínk fanks: Internacionalização de thínk fanks; Globalização da agenda; Projeção internacional das nações; Concorrência entre thínk tanks; Concorrência de organizações não-governamentais, consultorias, web e similares; Quadro técnico; Corpo dirigente; e Diversificação e sustentação financeiras.
19
Koné, Tchoya Florence. "Contribution à la démonstration de la sécurité du véhicule autonome, basée sur une stratégie de génération de scénarios, modélisée par niveaux d’abstraction et orientée par la sensibilité du VA, pour une validation par simulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0182.
Анотація:
Cette thèse CIFRE, réalisé au sein de Stellantis, fournit une stratégie de génération de scénarios, modélisée par niveaux d’abstraction et orientée par la sensibilité du VA, pour une validation par simulation. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le périmètre du standard ISO PAS 21448 /SOTIF (Safety Of The Intended Functionality). Pour ce faire, la démarche suivie s’articule autour de cinq contributions : (1) Une analyse de l’architecture fonctionnelle du VA et la mise en évidence des challenges liés à la validation de sa sécurité : aspects normatifs, chaines de simulation, la présence d’incertitude dans l’environnement opérationnel du VA. (2) La proposition d’un cadre conceptuel (modèle de connaissance) sur lequel s’appuiera la méthodologie de génération des scénarios qui sera proposée par la suite. (3) Une synthèse sur les indicateurs manipulés dans la littérature, ainsi que ceux, que nous retiendrons dans notre stratégie de génération finale dont notamment l’indicateur de sensibilité. Elle donne également une structure du système de génération des scénarios et de validation par simulation de la sécurité du VA, ainsi que la manière dont les indicateurs seront exploités dans cette structure. (4) La proposition d’une heuristique de génération des scénarios et l’estimation de l’indicateur de risque associé au VA. Cette quatrième contribution, s’appuie sur les éléments développés dans les contributions précédentes : le modèle conceptuel proposé (contribution 2), la structure du système de génération et de validation ainsi que les indicateurs associés (contribution 3). (5) Enfin, la dernière contribution est une implémentation des propositions précédentes via un cas d’étude.Mots clés : Véhicule Autonome (VA), SOTIF (Safety Of The Intended Functionality), Limitation de performances fonctionnelles, Insuffisances fonctionnelles, Scénarios critiques, Métrique de sensibilité, Stratégie de génération de scénarios, Validation par simulationThis CIFRE thesis, carried out within Stellantis, provides a scenario generation strategy, modelled by levels of abstraction and oriented by the sensitivity of the AV, for a simulation-based validation process. This work is within the scope of the ISO PAS 21448 /SOTIF (Safety Of The Intended Functionality) standard.To do this, the approach followed is based on five contributions: (1) An analysis of the functional architecture of the AV and the highlighting of the challenges related to its safety validation: normative aspects, simulation chains, the presence of uncertainty in the operational environment of the AV. (2) The proposal of a conceptual framework (knowledge model) on which the scenario generation methodology to be proposed later will be based. (3) A summary of the indicators used in the literature, as well as those that we will use in our final generation strategy, including the sensitivity indicator. It also gives a structure of the system of scenario generation and simulation based validation of the safety of the AV, as well as the way in which the indicators will be exploited in this structure. (4) The proposal of a scenario generation heuristic and the estimation of the risk indicator associated with the AV. This fourth contribution is based on the elements developed in the previous contributions: the proposed conceptual model (contribution 2), the structure of the generation and validation system and the associated indicators (contribution 3). (5) Finally, the last contribution is an implementation of the previous proposals via a case study.Keywords: Autonomous Vehicle (AV), Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF), Functional performance limitation, Functional insufficiencies, Critical scenarios, Sensitivity metric, Scenarios generation strategy, Simulation-based Validation process
20
Montabert, Cyril. "Supporting Requirements Reuse in a User-centric Design Framework through Task Modeling and Critical Parameters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33152.
Анотація:
Many software systems fail as a direct consequence of errors in requirements analysis. Establishing formal metrics early in the design process, using attributes like critical parameters, enables designers to properly assess software success. While critical parameters alone do not have the potential to drive design, establishing requirements tied to critical parameters helps designers capture design objectives. For the design of interactive systems, the use of scenario-based approaches offers natural user centricity and facilitates knowledge reuse through the generation of claims. Unfortunately, the requirements-analysis phase of scenario-based design does not offer sufficient built-in and explicit techniques needed for capturing the critical-parameter requirements of a system. Because success depends heavily on user involvement and proper requirements, there is a crucial need for a requirements-analysis technique that bridges the gap between scenarios and critical parameters.Better establishing requirements will benefit design. By adapting task-modeling techniques to support critical parameters within the requirements-analysis phase of scenario-based design, we are able to provide designers with a systematic technique for capturing requirements in a reusable form that enables and encourages knowledge transfer early in the development process. The research work presented concentrates on the domain of notification systems, as previous research efforts led to the identification of three critical parameters.
Contributions of this work include establishment of a structured process for capturing critical-parameter requirements within a user-centric design framework and introduction of knowledge reuse at the requirements phase. On one hand, adapting task models to capture requirements bridges the gap between scenarios and critical parameters, which benefits design from user involvement and accurate requirements. On the other hand, using task models as a reusable component leverages requirements reuse which benefits design by increasing quality while reducing development costs and time-to-market.
Master of Science
21
Godoy, Stênico Joselaine Andréia de, and Marcela Soares Polato Paes. "Paulo Freire and Social Movements: An Analysis of the Brazilian Scenario." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117650.
Анотація:
This paper presents the thought of Paulo Freire as a perspective of analysis andreflection on the social movement in Brazilian society. It is action and object ofthis reflection to contribute to the task of reinventing the critical pedagogy in theconstruction of social movements. This is a qualitative research that is dividedinto two stages: the first is dedicated to presenting the theoretical framework,and then an analysis of Brazilian social movements, exposing the origin of thestruggles and advanced to the most recent discussions that have undertaken theBrazil in search of freedom and justice in the recovery of stolen humanity. Anincessant struggle that calls for Liberation Pedagogy developed by Freire, key toolin awareness process, and thus the constitution of social movements.En este artículo se presenta el pensamiento de Paulo Freire como una perspectiva de análisis y reflexión sobre el movimiento social en el contexto de la sociedad brasileña. Es objeto de la presente acción y reflexión contribuir a la tarea de reinventar la pedagogía crítica en la construcción de movimientos sociales. Se tratade una investigación cualitativa dividida en dos etapas: la primera está dedicadaa la presentación del marco teórico, y luego de un análisis de los movimientossociales brasileños, se deja al descubierto el origen de las luchas y avance a lasdiscusiones más recientes que se ha emprendido en Brasil en busca de la libertady la justicia en la recuperación de la humanidad. Una lucha incesante que pide laPedagogía Liberadora de Freire, herramienta clave en el proceso educativo, y porlo tanto, en la constitución de los movimientos sociales.
Este artigo apresenta o pensamento de Paulo Freire enquanto uma perspectiva deanálise e reflexão sobre o movimento social no contexto da sociedade brasileira.Constitui ação e objeto desta reflexão contribuir na tarefa de reinventar apedagogia crítica na construção dos movimentos sociais. Trata-se de uma pesquisaqualitativa dividida em dois momentos: o primeiro é dedicado a apresentaçãodo aporte teórico, e em seguida, uma análise dos movimentos sociais brasileiros,expondo a origem das lutas e avançado para as discussões mais recentes que setem empreendido no Brasil na busca da liberdade e da justiça na recuperação dahumanidade roubada. Uma luta incessante que clama pela Pedagogia Libertadorade Freire, instrumento fundamental no processo de conscientização, e, portanto,na constituição dos movimentos sociais.
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Orlando, Chiara. "Analisi critica di alcuni scenari di effetto domino in uno stabilimento a rischio di incidente rilevante." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Анотація:
L’effetto domino è un incidente che si verifica in seguito alla propagazione di uno scenario incidentale sulle apparecchiature circostanti, dalle quali scaturiscono altri scenari incidentali. Gli scenari che potenzialmente sono in grado di innescare l’effetto domino sono le esplosioni e gli incendi. L’effetto domino può essere inter-stabilimento, se coinvolge apparecchiature di stabilimenti adiacenti, o intra-stabilimento, se si verifica tra le apparecchiature sotto la responsabilità di uno stesso gestore.
Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di selezionare alcuni scenari di effetto domino intra-stabilimento causati da incendi che potrebbero verificarsi in uno stabilimento a rischio di incidente rilevante, al fine di individuare alcune strategie in grado di mitigare il rischio connesso a tali scenari, principalmente tramite l’introduzione di sistemi di protezione antincendio attiva e di funzioni di sicurezza strumentate.
23
Carvalho, Claudio Bezerra de. "Avaliação critica do planejamento energetico de longo prazo no Brasil, com enfase no tratamento das incertezas e descentralização do processo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264571.
Анотація:
Orientador: Sergio Valdir BajayTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho traz uma avaliação critica do planejamento energético de longo prazo realizado no Pais nos últimos anos e aponta tanto para a necessidade de uma melhor integração entre as atividades de planejamento energético, elaboração de políticas públicas e regulação dos mercados de energia, como para uma premente descentralização do processo de planejamento. Como resultados desta análise e com base em experiências bem sucedidas no exterior, são propostos avanços metodológicos para a elaboração de futuras projeções e o desenvolvimento de um modelo integrado de projeção da demanda e da oferta de energéticos. Como a aplicação de tal modelo está vinculada à utilização de uma base de dados ampla e consistente, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um sistema nacional de informações energéticas, integrado a um sistema de informações executivas, cujo objetivo é servir de suporte para as atividades desenvolvidas pelo Ministério de Minas e Energia. Discute-se os vários métodos de tratamento das incertezas nos modelos energéticos, com destaques para a elaboração de cenários alternativos de desenvolvimento e para o uso da técnica Delphi de levantamento de opiniões de especialistas. Monta-se, por fim, à guisa de um estudo de caso que visa contribuir para o necessário processo de descentralização do planejamento energético no País, cenários alternativos de desenvolvimento para a projeção da demanda energética do Estado da Bahia, de uma forma concatenada com cenários semelhantes no âmbito nacional
Abstract: This work brings a critical evaluation of the long-term energy planning carried out in the country in the last years, pointing out both for the need of a better integration of the activities concerning energy planning, policy making and regulation of energy markets, and for an urgent decentralization of the planning process. As results of this analysis and based on successful experiences abroad,methodological advances are proposed for the elaboration of future forecasts, together with the development of an integrated model for forecasting energy demand and supply. As the application of such a model requires a broad and consistent data basis, setting up a national system of energy information is proposed, integrated to a system of executive information, aimed to support the activities of the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The several methods for treating uncertainties in energy modeling are discussed, with emphasis on the elaboration of alternative development scenarios and the use of the Delphi technique for collecting and processing the opinions of specialists. At the end, alternative development scenarios for forecasting the energy demand in the State of Bahia, linked to similar scenarios at the national level, are elaborated, as a study case aimed to contribute for the necessary decentralization process of energy planning in the country
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
24
Eliopoulos, Maria Fernanda. "Managing New Service Development through Relationship Marketing.- : An application of Six Sigma DMAIC methodology in a Telecom Company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103057.
Анотація:
Customer-oriented processes are essential to achieve customer satisfaction. This research describes the application of the concepts of Relationship Marketing as a starting point in the process of developing new services in a telecommunications service provider in Spain. In the quest to increase customer satisfaction, this paper seeks to understand whether the structure of internal processes is the most suitable to channel customer requirements using relationship marketing philosophy but in order to use a systematics tool and a robust method; DMAIC methodology of Six Sigma is applied. Previous researches have contemplated the used of Six Sigma methodologies within manufacturing industries, while this research tries to explore a unique niche by shifting from a production approach, to a service-process, where few researches are found. The scientific research is initiated with the exploration of New Service Development (NSD) processes in the company allowing the preparation of As-Is process maps. Two ways or scenarios are identified for developing new services in the company; the first one where “Standard Services” are developed and proposed by the company, while in the second scenario, services born from a specific customer requirement and known as “Special Projects”. The collection of the Voice of the customer (VOC) identifies 13 criteria that are essential for purchasing, making possible to compare the linkage between internal activities with customer requirements. In a final stage the methodology proposed is validated with a service within the company portfolio. Significant contributions of this research are presented through the framework proposed so as to measure the performance gaps within the services provided by company, regardless of their lifecycle stage, which can also be extrapolated to other businesses of the group. Moreover it provides an understanding on the impact of each process activities in a specific requirement highlighting the most Critical to Quality (CTQ) activities and proposing improvement opportunities.
25
Cherqui, Marie-Claude. "Raymond Queneau, écrivain de cinéma." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030005.
Анотація:
Raymond Queneau, né en 1903, grandit et vit au rythme du cinématographe, à peine plus âgé que lui. Toute sa vie il rendra compte dans ses écrits intimes, journaux et lettres, de sa vie de spectateur assidu au Havre, puis à Paris. Il peuplera sa langue, sa poésie et ses romans, de l’univers foisonnant des salles de cinéma, des stars de l’écran et de ses œuvres mythiques. Il fera apparaître un monde rêvé et pensé, fait de ses ombres et de sa lumière. Nourri de cinéma, il sera aussi nourri par lui. Parallèlement à son travail de poète en littérature, il pratiquera tout au long de sa vie, et sans jamais se défaire de son humour légendaire, le travail, parfois ingrat, d’écrivain de cinéma, art dans lequel il occupera plusieurs postes : critique cinématographique, juré de festivals, auteur de commentaires de films, scénariste, dialoguiste, auteur de chansons… A l’occasion, il deviendra même réalisateur ou acteur. Rendre compte de manière chronologique puis analytique de l’ensemble de ses travaux, appréhender le traitement de l’art cinématographique dans son œuvre littéraire, c’est ce que se propose cet ouvrage : partir à la recherche de Raymond Queneau, écrivain du vingtième siècle et « homo-cinématographicus »Raymond Queneau, who was born in 1903, grew up and lived at the pace of cinematograph that was hardly older than him. Througout his life, in his journals and letters, he reported his life as a regular movie-watcher. He filled his writings, his poetry and his novels with the blossoming universe of movie theatres, movie stars and masterpeices. In his work appears a dreamed and thougt out world, made of his shadows and his lights. Fed with cinema, he also fed it. Aside from his work as a poet in literature, he also, all along his life and without losing his legendary sense of humour, worked as a cinema writer. In this sometimes ungrateful job, he occupied many different positions : film critic, juryman in festival, writer of comments on movies, script writer, dialogue writer, songwriter, etc... He even occasionally became a filmmaker or an actor. To report chronologically of the totality of his work, to approach the treatment of the cinematographic art in his literary work, is what we suggest in this study : looking for Raymond Queneau writer of the twentieth century and “homo-cinematographicus”
26
Salomão, Nizi. "Identificação e análise dos fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos de uma empresa do terceiro setor do ramo da saúde especializada em oncologia: caso Fundação XPTO." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14979.
Анотація:
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On the current business scenario, due to the speed of changes and information dynamism of contemporary world, it has been widely discussed how organizations can respond swiftly to these movements and thereby build a competitive advantage to ensure business sustainability. Despite the social and non-profit character of the Third Sector companies, this segment also looks for best management practices focused on results. From this perspective, thinking about how management by projects can promote positive change by leveraging actions and resources, this work aims to explore, through a case study, what are the success factors of the projects in a Third Sector Company, on health sector, specialized in oncology, in a time frame of twenty two (22) months. Multiple evidence sources were used: analysis of historical documentation of four (04) projects of avarage and high complexity, observation and accompaniment of five (05) professionals at the implementation stage of a highly complex project, verification of qualitative research maturity’s results in projects and research of project’s portfolio, through the report of twenty (20) health and administrative professionals. In the academic area, several studies had as its study object the critical success factors of the projects. However, is still needed to explore the subject on health sector.
No atual cenário empresarial, em consequência da velocidade das mudanças e do dinamismo das informações no mundo contemporâneo, vem sendo amplamente discutido como as organizações podem responder de forma célere a esses movimentos e, assim, construir uma vantagem competitiva para assegurar a sustentabilidade dos negócios. Não obstante o caráter social e não-lucrativo das empresas do Terceiro Setor, esse segmento também caminha na busca de práticas de gestão baseadas em resultados. Nessa perspectiva, pensando em como a gestão por projetos pode promover mudanças positivas pela potencialização de ações e recursos, este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar, por meio de um estudo de caso, os fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos em uma empresa do Terceiro Setor do ramo da saúde, especializada em oncologia, em um horizonte temporal de vinte e dois (22) meses. Foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de evidências: análise da documentação histórica de quatro (04) projetos de média e alta complexidades, observação e acompanhamento de cinco (05) profissionais na fase de execução de um projeto de alta complexidade, verificação dos resultados da pesquisa qualitativa de maturidade em projetos e investigação do portfólio de projetos, através do relato de vinte (20) profissionais de saúde e administrativos. Na área acadêmica, diversos estudos tiveram como objeto os fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos. No entanto, existe a necessidade de exploração do tema no ramo da saúde.
27
"Scaffolding critical discourse in online problem-based scenarios." INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3319916.
28
CIAVARELLA, STEFANO. "Network analysis and algorithm solutions in critical emergency scenarios." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/932663.
Анотація:
Critical emergency scenarios in network communication, mobile wireless sensor networks and Smart Grids. Network recovery after massive disruption, algorithms for damaged networks, protocols for damaged networks, progressive monitoring of a damaged network, progressive flow restoration of a damaged network. Analysis of the vulnerabilities of the deployment algorithm for Mobile Wireless Sensor Netowkrs in human hostile environment, Algorithms for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks under attack. Analysis of the cascading failures phenomenon in the Smart Grids, Prevents Large Blackout in the Smart Grids, Reduce the energy demand on the Smart Grids using the Internet of Things.
29
Sander, Lisa. "Evaluation of critical fault scenarios for operation with inherent overload in HVDC stations." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357954.
Анотація:
The HVDC, High Voltage Direct Current, is important when it comes to upgrading the energy system to a renewable, sustainable and efficient system. This master thesis is investigating what is happening during the most decisive fault cases when the HVDC station is operating with inherent overload. An inherent overload operating area is defined and simulations are performed in PSCAD/EMTDC to study the transient behavior of the fault currents and overvoltages.
30
D'Alessandro, Guido. "ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SUPPLY TO REMOTE EQUIPMENT IN CRITICAL LOGISTIC SCENARIOS." Tesi di dottorato, 2016. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/11145/1/d%2527ALESSANDRO_GUIDO_28.pdf.
Анотація:
In this work were reviewed various issues concerning the supply of electrical and electronic equipment in presence of not wired physical scenarios have been reviewed. Possible solutions have been examined, in particular, the WPT solution one. Different technologies have been analyzed, with particular attention to resonant inductive type, examining applications and study approaches, as well as the pros and cons.
Different prototypes have been studied, time after time, simulated designed and manufactured; these prototypes made possible the use of several methods of characterization. Finally an application, based on the same technology, for sensing purposes, specifically ground monitoring, has been optimized.
31
Irwin, Ruth Erminia. "The Evaluation of Teaching the Nursing Process Using Traditional Lecture, Campus Laboratory, Clinical, and the Addition of High Fidelity Human Simulation (HFHS) Unfolding Scenarios." 2013. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,162303.
Анотація:
It is not sufficient to just make changes in a nursing curriculum without a plan to evaluate the impact on program outcomes. This study sought to determine the outcomes of teaching the nursing process to Foundation of Nursing students in an Associate Degree Nursing program using a factorial design study. Four groups of students were taught the nursing process as follows: case study and concept mapping; case study, concept mapping with a pocket reference; case study, two hours HFHS, concept mapping with a pocket reference, or four hours of HFHS, concept mapping with a pocket reference.
The Simulation Design Scale (SDS) measured the perceptions of the simulation groups for design elements. The four hour group mean was significantly lower on both the importance of the objectives and information and importance of fidelity design elements (p < .05). This suggests that as time in a simulation increases more attention to these elements is required.
There was not a significant difference between the four study groups on the Nursing Process or the Assessment Technology Institute (ATI) RN Fundamentals 2010 Assessment Form B examinations individual scores. Two sub-categories on the ATI were significant. Planning was significantly higher for fall 2012 cohort (p = .024) and analysis/diagnosis was almost significant for fall 2011 cohort (p = .054). The results for Factorial Groups was not significant.
The National League for Nursing (NLN) PAX-RN entrance examination had a significant correlation with students passing onto the second semester in a nursing program (p < .001).
The ATI results of students were the same without regard to the Factorial Group assigned in relation to instructor employment status of full time versus part time.School of Nursing;
Nursing
PhD;
Dissertation;
32
Martins, João Bernardo Caldeira Pires Calaça. "Inter-Team and Inter-Player Game Patterns Variability in Critical Game Scenarios in high-level Volleyball." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139929.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variabilidade da performance inter-equipa e inter-jogador, associada a padrões de jogo, em cenários críticos de jogo. A tese investigativa foi delineada por sete artigos: (i) dois estudos teóricos (uma revisão narrativa sobre a variabilidade de padrões de jogo e uma revisão sistemática sobre cenários críticos nos jogos desportivos) e (ii) cinco estudos empíricos (um estudo piloto, criando e testando um instrumento inovador, dois artigos empíricos focando-se na variabilidade inter-equipas em cenários críticos de jogo e dois focando-se na variabilidade inter-jogador para um mesmo estatuto posicional, no voleibol feminino e masculino de alto nível).
Dos cinco tipos de variabilidade, conceptualmente desenvolvidos na revisão narrativa (inter-equipa baseada no sexo, inter-equipa emergente do nível competitivo, inter-equipa dentro do mesmo nível competitivo, inter- e intra-equipa devido ao estatuto posicional e intra-equipa no mesmo estatuto posicional) decorreu a pertinência de ser necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada da variabilidade inter-equipa dentro do mesmo nível competitivo e a variabilidade intra-equipa dentro da mesma função de jogador. Deste modo, estes dois tipos de variabilidade foram mais focados nos artigos empíricos desta investigação, oferecendo uma visão mais detalhada dos padrões de jogo das equipas e dos jogadores da mesma posição. A saber: (i) dentro do mesmo nível competitivo, existiram diferenças nos padrões de jogo das equipas, inclusive entre as duas primeiras classificadas, tanto no feminino como no masculino; (ii) a abordagem ao ataque em cenários críticos (p.e., em condições não ideais e/ou após erros de ataque consecutivos) revelou soluções diferentes para problemas semelhantes; (iii) houve diferenças inter-jogador para o mesmo estatuto posicional, havendo diferentes abordagens ao jogo após ações prévias e erros consecutivos.
Destacamos como limitações, a necessidade de estudos prático com maior incidência sobre cenários críticos de jogo, bem como o melhoramento do seu conceito. Assim, este estudo permitiu destacar as seguintes ideias (que aparentam ser simples na teoria, mas na prática não estão desenvolvidas): (i) dentro do mesmo nível competitivo, há diferenças nas abordagens de jogo das equipas, permitindo assim inferir que as equipas foram modeladas seguindo as caraterísticas dos seus jogadores; (ii) mesmo dentro do mesmo estatuto posicional, há uma variabilidade subtil, mas relevante entre jogadores, permitindo destacar que os treinadores devem dedicar atenção redobrada ao atribuir jogadores a estatutos posicionais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Variabilidade, Performance, Cenários Críticos, Padrões de Jogo, Voleibol.This thesis aimed to analyse the variability in inter-team and inter-player performance associated with game patterns during critical game scenarios. An investigative thesis comprising seven articles is outlined: (i) two theoretical (a narrative review on game patterns variability and a systematic review of critical scenarios in sports games); and (ii) five empirical (one pilot study, creating and testing an innovative instrument, two empirical articles focused on inter-team variability in critical game scenarios, and two focused on inter-player variability for the same positional status in high-level women's and men's volleyball). Of the five types of variability conceptually considered in the narrative review (inter-team variability across sex/gender, inter-team variability across competitive levels, inter-team variability within the same competitive level, inter- and intra-team variability due to positional status, and intra-team variability within the same positional status) further investigation of inter-team variability within the same competitive level and intra-team variability within the same player role was required. These latter two types of variability were focused on mostly in the empirical articles of this investigation to provide a more detailed perspective of the game patterns of teams and the players of the same position. Major findings were that: (i) within the same competitive level there were differences in game patterns among teams, both men and women's, including between the two highest-ranked teams; (ii) the variability in approach to attack in critical scenarios (e.g., under non-ideal setting conditions and/or after consecutive attack errors) indicated there are different solutions to similar problems; and (iii) there were inter-player differences among players with the same positional status, particularly in their approaches to the game after previous actions and consecutive errors. The results presented in this thesis highlight the following ideas: (i) within the same competitive level there are differences in the ways that teams approach the game, indicating that teams are modelled following the characteristics of their players; and (ii) even among those with the same positional status, there is subtle but relevant variability among players, highlighting that coaches should devote attention when assigning players to positional statutes.
33
Chen, Jung-Hua, and 陳容花. "Influence of Rainfall Infiltration on Unsaturated Soil Slope and Critical Volumetric Water Content under Different Rainfall Scenarios." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38957571487701006706.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
103
ABSTRACT The majority of Taiwan’s hillsides belong to unsaturated soil slope. Seepage in these unsaturated slopes situated above groundwater level would easily lead to changes of hydrological characteristics (such as matric suction, etc.) when encountered rainfall, and then trigger subsequent slope stability problems. This study adopted a field case and used numerical analysis program SEEP/W and SLOPE/W module to conduct seepage simulation and stability analysis on unsaturated soil slopes under different rainfall scenarios. In addition to simulation and exploration of original alert modes (rainfall, groundwater level), this study also investigates changes of hydrological characteristics and stability in unsaturated soil slopes caused by rainfall infiltration, and then identify more accurate landslide disaster occurrence indicators also having a mechanical basis for potential application by related agencies in implementing disaster prevention and early warning measures. This study found that the slope stability analysis results of unsaturated soil slope would vary under same cumulative rainfall but different durations. Therefore, only cumulative rainfall was used as indicator parameter of whether landslide will occur or not, in terms of this case study, its accuracy still has room for improvement. And under different rainfall scenarios the changes of water level in slopes with thick colluvium or deep groundwater are not significant. The majority of damage types of unsaturated soil slope belong to shallow landslide, and slope failures mostly occur along the wetting front, while the generation of wetting front represents the dissipation of matric suction, as a result the shear strength of soil will also drop, and this is one of the important factors causing slope instability. The analytical results exhibit critical value characteristic of volumetric water content prior to slope failure induced by rainfall infiltration. In addition, this critical volumetric water content would not be influenced by rainfall conditions and positions in the slope. Therefore, using critical volumetric water content as a landslide disaster occurrence indicator should be a feasible direction and warrants further study.
34
Shih, Mei-Ju, and 施美如. "Cellular Resource Management for Three Internet-of-Things Scenarios: Energy-Harvesting, Low-Cost & Mission-Critical, and Proximity-Based." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67716487956654347377.
Анотація:
博士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
105
Internet-of-Things (IoT), also known as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and Machine-Type Communication (MTC), has attracted much attention in the next-generation wireless communications network. Specifically, in view of 5G targets, i.e., extreme mobile broadband (eMBB), ultrareliable MTC (uMTC) and massive MTC (mMTC), “IoT” has played a key role in the evolution of the 5G cellular network. On the other hand, with increasing data traffic demand and deficient wireless resources, radio resource management is challenging and of great importance. Since IoT has varied requirements according to needed services, a unitary solution of resource management may not be appropriate for all IoT scenarios. In this dissertation, we investigated IoT resource management in the cellular network, focusing on three IoT features: energy-harvesting IoT, low-cost and mission-critical IoT, and proximity-based IoT. To review IoT cellular resource management, we investigated two fundamental IoT problems: network congestion and collision minimization. Such problems are caused from massive numbers of devices. For example, in a traditional uplink/downlink cellular network, IoT data traffic is mostly uplink-oriented. Therefore, we first studied the network entry procedure and uplink data transmission for energy-harvesting IoT and low-cost and mission-critical IoT. Recently, with the advent of sidelink (direct link) communications, also known as Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, proximity-based IoT allows devices to exchange local information without bypassing the evolved NodeB (eNB). Thus, we also explore the D2D resource allocation for collision minimization problem in proximity-based IoT. It is worthy to note that D2D communications can reuse uplink resources. For IoT uplink resource management, we first considered that IoT devices are energy-harvesting, which means they can harvest ambient energy on their own and operate without human intervention. This scenario becomes more popular for IoT devices deployed in places hard to access and for the purpose of cost saving. Based on Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, we built a practical simulation platform for an uplink procedure and studied the network entry procedure. Compared to the naïve LTE scheme, energy-aware push-based, pull-based, and hybrid schemes are further proposed based upon how the Random Access CHannel (RACH) resources are selected and operated. Energy-aware mechanisms are recommended for energy-harvesting IoT. In a push-based scheme, performance such as RACH collision, delay and energy efficiency begins to degrade when the device scalability exceeds an upper bound. In contrast, a pull-based scheme achieves its maximal throughput and energy efficiency at the cost of almost linearly increasing delay and schedule signaling cost. Instead, the hybrid scheme, with adaptive network access and estimation of device number, is more flexible. Thus, the hybrid scheme can achieve energy efficiency, maximal throughput and adequate delay across different traffic loads and energy-harvesting rates. Afterwards, we studied the uplink dedicated resource allocation for the low-cost and mission-critical IoT co-existing with Human-to-Human (H2H) communications. We modeled the device heterogeneity by energy awareness levels, i.e., low-cost IoT devices with low energy awareness, and mission-critical IoT devices with high energy awareness. An indirect mechanism was designed with the waiting-time auction and direct access price. This prioritized resource allocation framework was analyzed by the Bayesian Stackelberg game, and achieved unique Bayesian Nash equilibrium, and interregional and waiting-time-based truth-telling. Bayesian Nash incentive compatibility, interim efficiency, interim individual rationality, and weakly budget balance are maintained with this mechanism. Except for the eNB’s announcement, the framework does not introduce extra signaling exchange compared to the LTE standard. What’s more, the design of a price-based resource pool for mission-critical IoT compensates the operator financially. An operator can design dynamic prices according to M2M/H2H traffic loads and resource pool partitions. Finally, for IoT sidelink resource management, we designed D2D resource allocation schemes following the standardization progress and constraints in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to realize the proximity-based IoT scenario. Based on an assumption of no feedback and half-duplex mode, we designed the operation of Scheduling Assignment (SA) and data resources, in order to achieve collision minimization when the eNB is out of function. According to whether the SA pool is mapped to the data resource pool, we propose two enhanced schemes: explicit and implicit. These approaches, utilizing the sensing results, outperform Rel-12 Mode 2 in terms of data collision probability and throughput. The enhanced explicit approach, similar to Rel-12 Mode 2, avoids SA collisions by resource hopping. The implicit approach can reach data collision free in short iterations via SA admission control, while the amount of successful proximity-based IoT devices is restricted by the channel number. A comparison of the three schemes are provided, which serves as the foundation for the future standard development such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications and D2D enhancement. To sum up, this dissertation provides abundant research on uplink and sidelink resource allocation for customized IoT scenarios: a network entry design for energy-harvesting IoT, an uplink resource management for low-cost and mission-critical IoT, and a sidelink autonomous resource selection for proximity-based IoT.
35
Modiha, Pulane. "Critical evaluation of operational risk tools used in regulatory capital calculations." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26522.
Анотація:
Bank failures during recent years continue to cause stakeholders to question how board and senior management are overseeing and managing Operational Risk. This research evaluated the use of Operational Risk tools by South African banks who have adopted Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for management and calculation of Operational Risk capital, based on the Basel II requirements (Bank for International Settlements, 2006). The research was conducted under the assumption that when Operational Risk tools are adopted and used as prescribed by the Basel II Framework, it will lead to enhanced risk management practices and allow banks to identify emerging risks where controls can be designed to mitigate risks from materialising. This study was conducted using a quantitative method – the survey was sent to Operational Risk managers in the main segments of 3 South African AMA banks (ABSA, FIRSTRAND and NEDBANK), and senior managers in the group Operational Risk departments. The study found that Operational Risk tools are used and have been implemented as per Basel II requirements even though there are minor gaps. These tools have also been integrated in day-to-day processes; however there are some improvements required when it comes to a full integration and the use of the tools in the decision making processes.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
36
Chen, Cheng-Hwa, and 陳振華. "A Study on the Demands for the Military Critical Technologies and Skilled Personnel Subjects by Scenario." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03354344380179258486.
Анотація:
碩士國防大學中正理工學院
兵器系統工程研究所
93
The project is directed to study the future trend of defense technology and the required science and technology core capability for future defense needs. The study uses mainly the expert interview and the scenario analysis approach, assuming the war scene that may take place in the Taiwan Straits in the future. There are four kinds of scenarios: attack with the guided missile, the unmanned plane or cruising the guided missile attacking, sneaking warship attacking, and the electric magnetic pulse weapon attacking. The critical weapon and its corresponding critical technologies needed through the types of war are identified for each scenario in the future. The methods of the questionnaire survey and expert interview are used. At the same time, the military organization and research and development and the education delivery capacity that the organizations can offer to the corresponding skilled personnel to the above stated critical technologies are investigated, by setting up the talent bank that in common use between military and civilian sectors, regard as the foundation of expanding the capacity of development in science and technologies of national defense.
37
TARTUFERI, Emanuele. "L'impronta ecologica della Regione Marche." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251180.
Анотація:
Il lavoro di ricerca si basa sul metodo di calcolo dell'impronta ecologica, un indicatore complesso che permette di stimare l'impatto di una determinata popolazione sull'ambiente attraverso il consumo di risorse e la richiesta di assimilazione di rifiuti da parte di una determinata popolazione e di esprimere queste grandezze in termini di superficie di territorio produttivo corrispondente.
La tesi è divisa in tre singoli lavori accademici: nel primo viene introdotta la metodologia di calcolo e vengono passate in rassegna le principali applicazioni dell'impronta ecologica su scala globale, nazionale e regionale. Vengono inoltre presentati gli altri indicatori affini e complementari all'impronta ecologica capaci di dare una misura al concetto di sostenibilità e di affiancare il PIL nel misurare la situazione economica e sociale di un paese. Infine vengono presentati i principali studi critici sull'impronta ecologica e le risposte da parte dei fautori e sostenitori di questo indicatore.
Nel secondo capitolo viene calcolata l'impronta ecologica per la Regione Marche: oltre ad un approfondimento della metodologia di calcolo, con particolare attenzione alle realtà sub-nazionali, vengono presentati e discussi i risultati relativi al calcolo dell'impronta ecologica del 2011 e del 2001 per la Regione Marche, sia a livello aggregato che disaggregato, compresa la simulazione di possibili scenari per valutare eventuali benefici di strumenti atti alla riduzione dell'impronta ecologica.
Nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo vengono calcolate le impronte ecologiche di tutte e quattro le regioni del Centro Italia per gli anni 2011 e 2001: vengono passati in rassegna i principali studi sulle impronte ecologiche regionali italiane e presentati e discussi i risultati aggregati e disaggregati delle regioni Marche, Lazio, Toscana ed Umbria attraverso la comparazione dei valori dell'impronta ecologica.