Дисертації з теми "Critères objectifs"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-18 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Critères objectifs".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Le, Callet Patrick. "Critères objectifs avec référence de qualité visuelle des images couleur." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2084.
Objective metrics for image quality assessment are very useful in order to optimise performance of image processing systems for acquiring, viewing, archiving or transmitting visual data. An objective metric should provide quality measures in strong correspondence with human judgement. So, it is necessary to incorporate models of most of human visual system properties in the design of such metric. The main global of this thesis is to establish and apply these models in order to assess colour image quality. This assessment is done with the full reference image but without any a priori knowledge on the distortion nature introduced in the distorted image
Mosnier, David. "Optimisation robuste multi-critères des pneumatiques en préconception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0028.
A global framework has been introduced in or der to deal with pre-design steps. The proposed workflow has been applied on the design of tire dimensions to fit new vehicles specifications. Indeed, industrial design lead time has been progressively reduced in order to bring new products faster to market. Nevertheless, environmental regulations become more and more stringent and the importance given to energetic efficiency during new products design phases increase From day to day. Therefore, design pro cess has to be reconsidered in order to be able to design quickly products which have to fulfil new specifications compared to their former version. The proposed framework uses a genetic algorithm in order to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. Since model calls are computationally expensive, it has been necessary to use surrogate modelling in order to fast en objective evaluations. Then data mining tools using self organizing maps have been deployed in order to cluster solutions. It allows providing the designer a limited number of typing, which are easier to behold. Eventually, uncertainties have been considered during optimization thanks to constraints addition. The proposed framework has been employed on tire dimensions optimization while designing a new vehicle. Therefore design parameters as well as objective functions that have to be taken into account have been introduced before developing corresponding models. Furthermore surrogate modelling is integrated in the optimization pro cess in order to accelerate objective functions evaluations while keeping a good accuracy. The automatic clustering workflow is then a real design support tool. A last step of constrained optimization can be fulfilled so as to refine the proposed solutions. Numerous problems with diverse specifications have been solved with the multi-criteria optimization framework presented. It has been shown that this framework is also able to deal with uncertainties and ensures limited influence on optimal solutions performances. Several examples have been treated as a validation. lndeed, tire dimensions designs have been conducted for several specifications which belonged to different vehicles with diverse properties. Indeed tire dimensions have been proposed for a vintage vehicle as well as electric, hybrid or down-sized vehicles, which would emerge in the upcoming decade
Fonseca, Gamboa Juan David. "Configuration optimale des systèmes d'énergie distribuée avec l'hydrogène comme vecteur d'énergie selon les critères de durabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0153.
This work focuses on the conceptual design of distributed energy systems considering the sustainability dimensions. The design problem is addressed by means of an optimization-based strategy that enables to integrate different energy vectors and multiple technological units as possible solutions. The modeling approach considers the time-varying operation of the energy conversion units along with the seasonal behavior of the storage system. Meanwhile, the multi-objective optimization problem simultaneously addresses economic, environmental, and social aspects for the design of the energy system. Total annualized cost, levelized cost of energy, CO2 emissions, water consumption, grid dependence, and inherent safety are the selected indicators to evaluate the sustainability dimensions. Two case studies are analyzed to illustrate the proposed framework. The first case study is in France and corresponds to a grid-connected energy system conceived to satisfy the electricity and hydrogen needs of a neighborhood of 1500 inhabitants. The second case study is an isolated energy system located in a remote region in the Colombian Amazon. In such a case, the objective is to design a self-sufficient energy system with the capacity for supplying electricity and methane to a community of 4200 inhabitants. Initially, the impact of the sustainability indicators on the optimal design of the energy systems is investigated through single-objective optimizations. Besides, the time-varying operating conditions and the seasonal behavior of the energy storage units are also analyzed. Subsequently, different multi-objective optimization problems are addressed considering different combinations of the sustainability indicators. In such a way, the compromise among the objective functions is identified, and the obtained Pareto solutions are explored for elucidating the changes in the design and operating conditions throughout the non-dominated solutions. Broadly, these results constitute a valuable information about the relationships between the sustainability dimensions in terms of design and operation variables. Accordingly, the proposed approach represents a useful tool for decision-makers to make informed decisions from early stages in the energy system design
Aït, Saïd Khalil. "Le succès de carrière perçu par les cadres : l'importance des critères subjectifs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0039/document.
Over the past decades, the concept of career has moved from a traditional conceptualization characterized by an upward mobility within a single organization to new contemporary designs: boundaryless careers, protean careers, post-corporate careers, etc. The research distinguish two dimensions. First, the objective career represents the result of the positions occupied by an individual throughout its work life. Second, the subjective career is the interpretation made by the individual of its work histories. This distinction is important because two persons may interpret a same objective career differently. In this sense, the ‘perceived career success’ constitutes an important dimension of subjective career. It refers to the perception, by an individual, of the fact that his/her career can be regarded as a success, as normal or as a failure, either in the absolute or relative to the initial goals that he/she had set. The purpose of this study is to measure the managers’ perceived career and to identify its determinants. A second goal is to study how career anchors and occupational self-efficacy predict objective success and career satisfaction. The last purpose is to study the influence of career success on life satisfaction and turnover intention. Using a sample of 362 French managers, we found that career satisfaction predicts more perceived career success, life satisfaction and turnover intention than doe’s objective career success. Our results also show that occupational self-efficacy influences positively career satisfaction and that only managerial and technical anchors have an impact on objective career success
Chaabouni, Amine. "Compression vidéo basée sur HEVC pour la télémédecine sur des réseaux hauts débits, bas débits et vers des terminaux mobiles : application à la cancérologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0326.
This thesis deals with HD video transmission over low-bandwidth networks. In the context of the European project E3, scenarios such as remote consultation, telemonitoring and remote lecture, have been defined and implemented thanks to telemedicine tools and services. A first part was devoted to assess the performance of the new video encoding standard HEVC in the medical context. Objective metrics and subjective scores validated the improvements offered by this standard compared to the AVC-H.264 standard, showing that we could save up to 54% in terms of compression bitrate for a same quality, acceptable by experts. Despite the complexity of its architecture, a configuration adapted to the low bit rate context (<3 Mbps/s) was defined and recommended by using the x265 real-time encoder. A second solution has been proposed: an original method of data hiding, based on a zonal approach, to hide medical data into the endoscopic sequences. Compared to the state of the art, this method offers more efficient performance in payload, imperceptibility and complexity. This technique allows us to hide, in real time, up to 3 Mbits of data in a 10s FHD medical video, without requiring more bandwidth or an additional processing time to the encoder “x265”. The solution has been still improved by visual saliency techniques, by hiding in salient areas rather than throughout the entire image
Mrabti, Nassim. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la distribution collaborative avec partage de gains sous critères de durabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0072.
Sustainability issues are increasingly influencing customer behavior and corporate strategy. Consequently, the optimization of distribution networks through horizontal collaboration is becoming a necessity. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we found that most studies proposing quantitative approaches address the operational decision level through the optimization of transport planning. Therefore, in this thesis we deal with both strategic and tactical decision levels. The first level is studied by the collaborative distribution network design problem, while the second level is studied by the cost and CO2 emission allocation problem. Furthermore, we believe that reducing all sustainability dimensions to a single objective is not desirable. In this context, we address both problems by taking into account economic, environmental and social sustainability. We have developed mathematical models to design two- and three-echelon distribution networks. In addition, the inclusion of sustainability indicators in the profit-sharing process makes it possible to reward partners who best contribute to sustainability. In this context, we have developed two approaches that use the levels of sustainability and flexibility of each partner in order to distribute the benefits of the collaboration in a fair way. Furthermore, several scenarios are compared on the basis of the proposed indicators. Regarding the resolution of the mathematical models, the single-objective optimization is carried out in an exact way and by using the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing, while the multi-objective optimization is carried out by the ε-constraint method and the NSGA-II. The results and analyses obtained show that collaboration always provides better performance compared to non-collaboration on all sustainability levels. Several managerial decisions are presented to properly apply horizontal collaboration and further improve its sustainability performance
Blot, Aymeric. "Reacting and adapting to the environment : designing autonomous methods for multi-objective combinatorial optimisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I035/document.
Large-scale optimisation problems are usually hard to solve optimally.Approximation algorithms such as metaheuristics, able to quickly find sub-optimal solutions, are often preferred.This thesis focuses on multi-objective local search (MOLS) algorithms, metaheuristics able to deal with the simultaneous optimisation of multiple criteria. As many algorithms, metaheuristics expose many parameters that significantly impact their performance. These parameters can be either predicted and set before the execution of the algorithm, or dynamically modified during the execution itself. While in the last decade many advances have been made on the automatic design of algorithms, the great majority of them only deal with single-objective algorithms and the optimisation of a single performance indicator such as the algorithm running time or the final solution quality. In this thesis, we investigate the relations between automatic algorithm design and multi-objective optimisation, with an application on MOLS algorithms. We first review possible MOLS strategies ans parameters and present a general, highly configurable, MOLS framework. We also propose MO-ParamILS, an automatic configurator specifically designed to deal with multiple performance indicators. Then, we conduct several studies on the automatic offline design of MOLS algorithms on multiple combinatorial bi-objective problems. Finally, we discuss two online extensions of classical algorithm configuration: first the integration of parameter control mechanisms, to benefit from having multiple configuration predictions; then the use of configuration schedules, to sequentially use multiple configurations
Degas, Augustin. "Auto-structuration de trafic temps-réel multi-objectif et multi-critère dans un monde virtuel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30058.
In many areas, simulation is a powerful tool to learn, visualize, and understand the impact of a decision at a given time on the entire system. The area of air navigation is not an exception. Air traffic simulation tools are essential in air traffic management, and must be able to generate a wide variety of realistic scenarios while taking into account different constraints observable by a simulation user, called situations such as traffic density, a flow typology, collisions, a weather event, or any other emerging event. Structuring traffic simulation to achieve realism and different situations is a complex task, given the many objectives and criteria to meet, the diversity of mobile entities and their multiple interactions, and the dynamics of the environment. In the field of air navigation, this complexity is very often managed by humans, whether by the scriptwriter expert who generates the traffic scenario after several hours of trial and error, or by human actors during the simulation that manage the real-time adaptation of the traffic if needed. Traditional resolution approaches have shown their limits to face the complexity of these applications. In this thesis, we propose to solve real-time structuring of a multi-objective traffic simulation by using the AMAS theory (Adaptive Multi-Agents Systems). In these systems, agents pursue local goals and interact in a cooperative manner. By their local interactions, the system is more robust and self-adapt to the dynamics of the environment, allowing the global function to emerge. After several studies, this theory has shown its adequacy to solve complex and dynamic problems. The objective of this work is to model and specialize this theory for the real-tile structuring of multi-objective and multi-criteria traffic simulation. For this purpose, the AGATS agent model with cooperative and local behaviors and interactions has been defined. This model is composed of two sub-models, AGEAS, for structuring the simulation according to a scenario, and CAAMAS, for enabling mobile entities to self-adapt to the scenarios and dynamics of the simulation. The results of the instantiation of these two models for air traffic simulation show the adequacy of the proposed approach for autonomous scenario generation
Oujebbour, Fatima Zahra. "Méthodes et applications industrielles en optimisation multi-critère de paramètres de processus et de forme en emboutissage." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976639.
Kessaci, Yacine. "Ordonnancement multi-critère sur Clouds." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915043.
Fabbris, Olivier. "Optimisation multi-physique et multi-critère des coeurs de RNR-Na : application au concept CFV." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI055/document.
Nuclear reactor core design is a highly multidisciplinary task where neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, fuel thermo-mechanics and fuel cycle are involved. The problem is moreover multi-objective (several performances) and highly dimensional (several tens of design parameters).As the reference deterministic calculation codes for core characterization require important computing resources, the classical design method is not well suited to investigate and optimize new innovative core concepts. To cope with these difficulties, a new methodology has been developed in this thesis. Our work is based on the development and validation of simplified neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation schemes allowing the full characterization of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core regarding both neutronics performances and behavior during thermal hydraulic dimensioning transients.The developed methodology uses surrogate models (or metamodels) able to replace the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation chain. Advanced mathematical methods for the design of experiment, building and validation of metamodels allows substituting this calculation chain by regression models with high prediction capabilities.The methodology is applied on a very large design space to a challenging core called CFV (French acronym for low void effect core) with a large gain on the sodium void effect. Global sensitivity analysis leads to identify the significant design parameters on the core design and its behavior during unprotected transient which can lead to severe accidents. Multi-objective optimizations lead to alternative core configurations with significantly improved performances. Validation results demonstrate the relevance of the methodology at the predesign stage of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core
Assila, Ahlem. "Une approche et un outil pour l'évaluation subjective et objective de l'utilisabilité des systèmes interactifs : application à un système d'aide à l'information voyageurs." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0026/document.
Usability evaluation for interactive systems is one of the greatest interests for Human-Computer Interaction community. To the success of this evaluation, several subjective and objective evaluation methods and tools have been proposed and applied in academy and industry. In this context, usability evaluators usually work with a lot of and different kind of data. These data are generated from various methods and tools and related to different usability criteria. In general, understanding and interpreting these heterogeneous data are not easy tasks. In this thesis, we propose to integrate subjective and objective evaluation data to better support the quality evaluators’ decision-making for traffic supervision systems domain. In fact, we applied the measurement information model defined by ISO/IEC 15939 with the use of indicators in an interactive system evaluation environment. The development of this environment has started in a decade. Thus, for completing implementation and putting it into practice, we have applied several proposed usability indicators in the evaluation of a traffic supervision system. These indicators integrate subjective and objective evaluation results from usability questionnaires, an ergonomic guidelines inspector and an electronic informer. They provide a basis for aiding the interpretation of their results obtained. Furthermore, they allow detecting usability problems and give recommendations for enhancing the user interfaces. Finally, this thesis propose research perspectives based on the encountered limits
Atig, Asma. "Sur la commande neuronale adaptative des systèmes non linéraires." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0004.
This work deals with the control of non linear square MIMO systems with unknown or uncertain dynamics. The retained adaptative neural control scheme consists of an emulator and a controller. The emulator and controller parameters are decoupled and adjusted in real time using the Real Time Recurrent Learning algorithm. New adptation approaches for the controller parameters, based on the Lyapunov stability study, are proposed to ensure a stable behavior of disturbed nonlinear systems. Minimization of multi-objective criteria is also considered to adjust the controller parameter. Performances of the proposed approaches were evaluated by numerical simulations and by real time applications on disturbed nonlinear systems
Perez, Gallardo Jorge Raúl. "Ecodesign of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems with multi-objective optimization and Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10505/1/perez_gallardo_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Tromeur, Eric. "Concilier enjeux écologiques et économiques pour une gestion écosystémique des pêches." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS409.
Overfishing affects the structures and dynamics of many marine ecosystems, as well as the associated ecosystem services. To tackle this issue, many scientists and managers are calling for an ecosystem-based fisheries management, integrating the complexity of harvested ecosystems, and based on ecological and economic sustainability objectives. In that perspective, our aim is to build an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, reconciling biodiversity and resilience preservation with the maintenance of high yields and profits. To this aim, we develop bio-economic models of mixed fisheries, composed of species that are either independent or in trophic interactions. We show that maximizing the aggregate catches or profits of a mixed fishery can threaten the biodiversity and resilience of harvested ecosystems, but that economic instruments can address these issues. In uncertain systems, risk aversion also helps reconciling constrasting management goals. We then apply multi-objective management approaches to identify the best strategies from an ecological and economic point of view. Chosen strategies depend on managers' preferences: favoring production implies to focus harvest on small trophic levels, while favoring biodiversity or resilience implies to focus on higher trophic levels. We therefore suggest that diversified fishing patterns could allow reconciling ecological with economic objectives, in order to achieve a sustainable ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Lapertot, Arnaud. "Méthodologie d'optimisation de composants et de systèmes énergétiques complexes : application au secteur résidentiel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0624.
This thesis is dedicated to the optimization of components and energy systems with an application in the residential sector. The methodology developed is composed of a sensitivity analysis, a multi-objective optimization and a multi-criteria decision-making aid to select the best compromise.First of all, an optimization of a domestic hot water production system is implemented numerically and is based on an experimental set-up in the IUSTI laboratory. The aim of this study is to optimize the performance of a heat pump-based system by improving its regulation according to different drawing profiles. Then, the procedure is applied to the parametric optimization of an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE). The system uses geothermal resources to preheat or cool the air in a building by ventilation. The model of the earth-air heat exchanger has been experimentally validated with an existing geothermal platform at Strasbourg. A system that combines an EAHE, a double flow ventilation and a heat pump is also studied. Optimal sizing makes it possible to obtain a system that is profitable, autonomous and efficient for the different climates considered. Finally, the process is applied to the topological optimization of heat exchangers. The procedure identifies the set of topologies that has a good compromise between pressure drops and heat transfer. The decision aid methodology selects the final topology that allows to have an optimized distribution of solid elements in order to obtain the best compromise between these objectives
Zhang, Yipei. "Optimisation de la chaîne logistique agroalimentaire à boucle fermée avec emballages réutilisables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE037.
Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), as an important branch of supply chain, has received increasing attention in recent decades. However, CLSC for perishable food products that is more complex than classic CLSC has been seldom studied in spite of its growing applications in practice. This thesis aims to develop new models and methods for optimizing closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items. To this end, three new problems are investigated.Firstly, a closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items (CLFSC-RTI) is studied. This problem involves a single manufacturer and a single retailer. Outsourcing is permitted and RTI purchasing budget is limited. The objective is to maximize the total profit of the supply chain. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and it is proved to be NP hard. To solve the problem, an improved kernel search-based heuristic is designed. Computational experiments on a real case study and extensive random instances demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and heuristic.Secondly, a bi-objective closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items (BCLFSC-RTI) is investigated. The two objectives are to maximize the total profit and to minimize carbon emissions, simultaneously. The studied problem considers multiple retailers. For this complex bi objective problem, a bi-objective MILP is proposed for its modelling, and an iterative ε-constraint method is applied to solve it. Then, a relax-and-fix heuristic is developed to solve the transformed single objective problem in each iteration of the ε-constraint method. Computational results based on various randomly generated instances show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to that of a state-of-the-art commercial optimization solver CPLEX.Finally, a closed-loop food inventory-routing problem with RTIs (CLFIRP-RTI) is addressed. In this problem, a vehicle routing problem is integrated and returnable transport items with different protective levels are considered. An appropriate MILP is proposed to formulate the problem, and the problem is proved to be NP-hard. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the proposed model
Rioux, William Gabriel. "Analyse des récentes décisions relatives à l'action collective à la lumière des objectifs des recours de la Loi sur les valeurs mobilières : analyse et critique." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20388.