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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cristaux – Matériaux – Fatigue"
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Дисертації з теми "Cristaux – Matériaux – Fatigue"
Haddou, Hakim. "Influence de la taille de grain et de l'énergie de défaut d'empilement sur l'état de contraintes internes développé au cours de la déformation plastique en traction simple et en fatigue oligocyclique (Alliages C. F. C. )." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1444.
Повний текст джерелаEcherradi, Insaf. "Modèle rapide de plasticité cristalline dans les polycristaux pour la fatigue à grand nombre de cycles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0038.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the study of the reliability of structures working in fatigue. One of the most important subjects is the understanding and modelling of fatigue phenomena in both normal and accidental situations. In polycrystals, these phenomena are of a probabilistic nature: for the same cyclic loading, two macroscopically identical specimens have different lifetimes. This is because the microstructures exhibit a certain variability. The traditional approach is to establish S-N curves experimentally. Due to the random nature of the fatigue phenomena, this experimental procedure must be repeated a large number of times to be statistically representative. It is generally considered that the safe prediction of service life for a given loading level is the average number of cycles to failure minus twice the standard deviation. This approach is extremely cumbersome in terms of experimental effort, but also inadequate from the point of view of risk analysis.The main objective of this work is to develop a polycrystalline evolution model integrating plasticity and fracture, sufficiently fast in calculation time to allow probabilistic analysis and applicable on the scale of an entire structure. The proposed model is based on the principle of minimising incremental energy and targets low-amplitude loading, for which plasticity is confined to a few critical grains that are assumed to be distant from one another and loaded according to a single sliding system. Initially, we assume isotropic and linear kinematic strain hardening, neglecting elastic interactions between critical grains. The plastic slip increment in each critical grain is then obtained as an explicit function of the material parameters, the loading, and a localization tensor determined entirely by the grain geometry and its elastic moduli. For ellipsoidal grains, this location tensor is identified with the Eshelby tensor. The validity of the model is studied by comparison with finite element calculations. The model is then extended to take into account the dominant effects of elastic interaction between grains. Based on an analysis of dislocations, a non-linear strain-hardening law is also proposed, showing the effect of grain size. An extension of the polycrystalline model to this type of law is presented.For cyclic loading, the proposed approach makes it possible to calculate the incremental evolution of a polycrystal using analytical recurrence formulae, without requiring any spatial discretisation. In the simplest situation, where elastic interactions are neglected, direct formulae are obtained giving the stabilized state reached after a large number of cycles. This polycrystalline model is used to analyse the sensitivity of fatigue life to microstructural parameters such as grain size, morphological and crystallographic textures. The influence of the stress gradient is also discussed. Finally, the applicability of the model to real structures is illustrated by the study of stents, small biomedical devices that are subjected to cyclic loading due to heartbeats and for which fatigue life is crucial
Chicois, Jean. "Etude des mécanismes microscopiques de la déformation cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0008.
Повний текст джерелаSerrano, Pierre. "Modélisation multi-échelles du comportement mécanique des alliages TiAl pour la prévision de leur tenue en fatigue." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4952/.
Повний текст джерелаTechnological advances in aircraft engine design require the use of lightweight materials at increasingly high temperatures. Therefore, intermetallics titanium aluminide alloys based on $\gamma$-TiAl have been introduced in the most recent civil turbo-engines as low pressure turbine blades. To extend the use of this material to other application technologies, new alloys are being developed with enhanced mechanical properties. Particularly, material development teams focus on increasing the working temperature and the fatigue strength. The aim of this work is to study the link between TiAl alloys microstructures and their fatigue strengths. Both experimental and numerical aspects are studied at various scales of interest. To begin with, the cyclic deformation of TiAl generic microstructures is studied experimentally by performing standard testing (i.e. stress-strain response) and micro-scale testing. Then, a crystal plasticity model that can be used to take into account the specific behavior of lamellar colonies is defined. The mechanical behavior of TiAl alloys is thereafter modeled by means of finite element computation on statistically representative microstructures and computational homogenization. Lastly, a Fatigue Indicator Parameters (FIP) analysis is performed to identify the various fatigue hot spot within TiAl microstructures. The results are used to suggest microstructure designs that could improve the fatigue strength of TiAl alloys next generation
Mu, Pengfei. "Etude de l'amorçage en fatigue plastique d'un acier inoxydable austénitique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628063.
Повний текст джерелаL'Hôte, Gabriel. "Etude de la dynamique des dislocations de monocristaux de cuivre sous chargement cyclique : Emission acoustique et caractérisations microstructurales." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI125.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the plastic deformation of crystalline materials, a soft plasticity, made up of many uncorrelated dislocation movements, can coexist with a wilder plasticity, in the form of collaborative movements: dislocation avalanches. The coexistence of the two plasticities depends on the establishment of a dislocation structure, which is supposed to hinder the spread of avalanches. It is proposed to study the correlation between microstructural evolutions and dislocation arrangements under cyclic loading on the one hand, and the nature of the collective dynamics of dislocations on the other hand, in the case of pure copper single crystals. Various stress imposed fatigue tests are performed to study the influence of (i) the loading path, (ii) the loading ratio and (iii) the crystallographic orientation on the plasticity phenomena. The acoustic emission (EA) technique is used to study both types of plasticity. Continuous EA, which can be considered as background noise resulting from the cumulative effect of many sources, is associated with mild plasticity. Discrete EA, with more energetic signals than those emitted continuously, is associated with wild plasticity. Dislocation microstructures are studied using EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) and ECCI (Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging) techniques at the end of each fatigue level. The EA-ECCI coupling provides valuable information on the dynamics of dislocations. The monitoring by ECCI, during a fatigue test at Rσ=0.1 shows that a given dislocation structure is stable only for given level of stress. The emergence of a dislocation structure act as an obstacle to avalanche movement. However, the application of a larger stress amplitude allows the rearrangement of the structure, which is largely in the form of dislocation avalanches that can travel longer distances than the dislocation mean free path. Small uncorrelated dislocation movements are confined within the dislocation structures, between dense dislocation arrangements (cells, walls, etc.). Mild plasticity is therefore increasingly restricted as the mean free path decreases. The various tests carried out show that the loading path (at Rσ=0.1) has no influence on the dislocation structure formed, but that the dynamics of the dislocations adapt to the way the material is loaded. The loading ratio (Rσ=-1) has a major influence on the formation of dislocation structures, with the emergence of veins, matrices, persistent slip bands and dense cells, but also on the dynamics of dislocations, with a gradual evolution of mild plasticity during cycles and a reduction in the number of avalanches during the hardening of the material. Concerning the influence of crystallographic orientation, a larger number of activated slip systems limit the contribution of avalanches to plasticity
Gouldieff, Céline. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière en régime nanoseconde sous irradiations multiples : application aux composants optiques pour l’UV." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4328.
Повний текст джерелаThe work is devoted to laser-induced damage in the nanosecond regime at the wavelengths of 266 nm and 355 nm. The goal of this study is to understand and to analyze the processes taking place during multi-pulse irradiation causing laser-damage, on the surface and in the bulk of massive or thin-films optical materials. To this end, a laser-damage experiment was entirely set up and automated. It allows analyzing the laser-damage resistance and the ageing of these components under UV irradiation at a pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz and for a high number of laser pulses and to record systematically the most important test parameters (spatial beam profiles, energies, images of the site before and after irradiation).To better understand the physical phenomena leading to fatigue effects in the materials under multiple pulse irradiation, a model was developed allowing the discrimination of statistical effects (due to the high number of shots) from material modifications under UV irradiation. This model was confirmed by testing synthetic fused silica irradiated in the bulk. Concerning thin-film coated components, oxide mixtures were studied in collaboration with the Laser Zentrum Hannover (LZH, Germany) using a multi-parameter approach. These materials show indeed a complex behavior and remain poorly known, in particular under multi-pulse irradiation. Finally, a part of the work is dedicated to the non-destructive characterization of KDP crystals by UV-pumped photoluminescence, realized in the framework of the MegaJoule project, in collaboration with CEA Le Ripault (Monts, France)
Beaudier, Alexandre. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière dans les composants optiques en irradiation multiple, en régime nanoseconde et dans l'UV." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0334/document.
Повний текст джерелаFatigue effects in fused silica have been largely studied in the past years, as this phenomenon is directly linked to the lifetime of high power photonic materials. Indeed, in the UV regime, we observe a decrease of the LIDT (Laser-Induced Damage Threshold) when the number of laser shots increases and this has been attributed for this couple wavelength/material to laser-induced material modifications. Under 266 nm laser irradiation, with nanosecond pulses of constant fluence, we observed that the photoluminescence is modified until damage occurs. Based on this observation, we propose a new representation of the experimental S-on-1 breakdown data which allows predicting the occurrence of material breakdown. This prediction, based on fluorescence signal and not damage statistics (presently widely used) allows consuming fewer sample surface and saving time. To extend the interest of the study to many more applications, we propose an extension of the results at 355 nm. We suppose that damage is caused in our fused silica samples by accumulation of laser-induced modifications under multiple-pulse UV irradiation inducing catastrophic non-linear self-focusing. In order to try to extend the fatigue diagnostic method by fluorescence, we have also realized preliminary tests in well-known non-linear crystals like LBO and KDP
Degeilh, Robin. "Développement expérimental et modélisation d’un essai de fatigue avec gradient thermique de paroi pour application aube de turbine monocristalline." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаMonocrystalline high pressure turbine blades are booth cooled by an internal channel network and side-wall crossing holes. As they undergo complex thermo-mechanical cycles they suffer fatigue, creep and oxidation damages. In order to validate lifetime prediction chain under real conditions of use, the study of technological test configurations reproducing turbine cycle conditions was necessary. For that, a thermal gradient mechanical fatigue facility is developed. Thermal gradient is generated through an external surface heating and an internal air cooling. As a result, tests could be conducted following a growing complexity on smooth and multi-perforated tubular specimens going from isothermal test up to thermo-mechanical complex cycle. The need of in-depth analysis of these tests led to the study of two measurement methods. The electrical potential drop method for crack detection and crack following applied to complex shapes and digital image correlation which use was extended to high temperatures. Simulation key issue is the thermal field estimation. Measurement complexity led us to numerically determine it by various methods including aero-thermal coupled calculations. Finally lifetime prediction chain including non-local coverage was confronted with experimental measurements in terms of mechanical response, damage localisation and crack initiation lifetime
Zouaghi, Ahmed. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement non linéaire et hétérogène en surface de l'acier AISI H11." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаAISI H11 martensitic tool steels are critical mechanical components that behaviour during service is drastically linked to their internal structures and their possible evolution. Their manufacture processes are often at the origin of microstructural changes at the surface, namely the morphology of martensitic laths, the crystallographic orientations, the internal hardening state and the surface profile These aspects can potentially alter the mechanical performance of AISI H11 martensitic steel. In order to get better insight into and optimize its mechanical behaviour, a multi-scale approach involving an experimental investigation and a numerical treatment is taken in this work.The experimental investigation focuses to reproduce, at the laboratory scale, equivalent surfaces to those resulting from tool steels manufacture processes. Specific characterization techniques, namely SEM, EBSD, nanoindentation and altimetry enable to highlight a stereology gradient of the material in surface and sub-surface. The induced local heterogeneities consist in morphology of martensitic laths and crystallographic orientations, internal hardening state and surface profile. In-situ mechanical tests with digital image correlation technique (DIC) are carried out for monotonous quasi-static and tension-tension cyclic loads. An investigation of the local mechanical fields at the surface is thus performed and allows to analyze the localizations schemes of nonlinear strains which are related to stereological artifacts.The numerical treatment is focused on a multi-scale modelling, and more particularly on finite element calculations on virtual microstructures which are generated by Voronoi tesselations. The latters are carried out such that to reproduce martensitic structures and consider a specific orientation relationship between martensitic laths and parent austenitic grains (i.e. Kurdjumov-Sachs) after the heat treatment. The constitutive equations of the (elasto-viscoplastic) crystal plasticity of Méric-Cailletaud are implemented in the finite element code Abaqus in the context of the small strain assumption and the finite strain theory. The formulation of the model in the context of finite strain theory is is given a spatial description where the notion of objective derivative, namely the so called one of Oldroyd or Truesdell, is used in such a way that such formulation is equivalent to a Lagrangian description.The numerical treatment has allowed to qualitatively reproduce the localization patterns at the surface which have been highlighted in the experimental investigation. The influence of the different stereological parameters mentioned above on the local mechanical fields was analyzed. By this approach, it was possible to highlight some elementary mechanisms including interaction and surface effects. Finally, it was found that the inclusion of lattice rotations via the theory of finite strain allows to release certain areas of mechanical fields localization that are related to stereological artifacts