Дисертації з теми "Crises politiques – France – 2000-"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Crises politiques – France – 2000-".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Bouhila, Lydia. "L'identité professionnelle d'un cadre, à l'épreuve du changement : entre réformes et crises, le cas des inspecteurs de l'Éducation nationale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/35708.
This thesis focuses on the National Education Inspectors (IEN), the managers of primary education in the French education system. At district level, they are responsible for driving forward and supporting the implementation of ministerial and academic policies among teaching staff. Since 2013, school reforms have abounded. The year 2020 is also marked by two events. The first - the health crisis - is forcing exceptional and destabilising reorganisations. The second - the assassination of Samuel Paty - has turned the school and its republican values upside down. These political and social changes required adjustments that weighed heavily on the players in the school system, particularly the inspectors who were responsible for putting them into practice. Against this backdrop, our research examines the professional identity of school inspectors - that prescribed by the institution (IPP) and that expressed (IPE) - in relation to the concept of change triggered by the reforms and crises of the last decade. The survey is structured around three methods of data collection and analysis, using jury reports to characterise the IPP, career histories and a questionnaire to document the IPE. Our results show that the CAI is in line with the PPI, although the values of surpassing oneself dominate the CAI. Based on a thematic analysis of the narratives, our modelling of the space for appropriating norms highlights the triangulation between "values" and "norms". As far as changes are concerned, the crises have reinforced the conservative values of both the IPP and the IPE. A study of the reforms reveals that the IEN's missions have become more complex and that administrative tasks have become more onerous, although their prerogatives have not increased. This can be a source of frustration for some IENs, despite their commitment, particularly during the implementation of the 2013 inclusive school reforms and the 2017 inspection. They express a feeling of loss of efficiency and exhaustion
El, Khoury Nabil. "Convergences et rivalités des diplomaties française et américaine à l’épreuve des crises libanaises de 1958 à 2008." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D013.
Lebanon is a nation where the construction of the State is still unachieved in the second half of the 20th century. In fact, this State was incapable to settle political internal crises and limit the impact of regional and international conflicts from which it was suffering. And it was the aggravation of crises in Lebanon and their transformation to armed conflicts as of 1958 that threatened peace and international security. Great powers and the U.N. did not indeed succeed in resolving Lebanese crises. Nevertheless, the international community never disengaged itself from Lebanon. There are two Western powers with an undeniable influence in Lebanon that were constantly facing the Lebanese issue after World War II: France and the United States. This thesis looks into the French and U.S. diplomacies facing the Lebanese crises from 1958 till 2008, as well as their convergences and mostly their divergences. It will compare and explain their attitudes, initiatives, motivations, intentions and objectives on the short, medium and long terms. The aim is to show to which extent the Lebanese issue was the subject of a disagreement between Paris and Washington originating confrontation and rivalry between both countries, and to study how their policies influenced – or not – recurrent crises in Lebanon. In fact, France and the United States did not succeed to prevent the transformation of the crisis into an armed conflict, and failed to avoid the collapse of the Lebanese State facing the Arab- Palestinian issue that strongly weighted on the situation between 1958 and 1982. Furthermore, both countries were unable since 1982 to re-establish the State sovereignty and restore its effectiveness facing the Syria-Iran issue. In fact, the United States always refused to deploy the necessary efforts to resolve the causes of the Lebanese problem. France had the intention to do it but it was incapable because of the voluntary inaction of the United States on the Palestinian issue. The French-American divergent opinions on the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967 did not help formulate any tangible and constructive cooperation between France and the United States that would contribute to end the Lebanese war and find a permanent solution to internal problems in Lebanon that remained linked to the region’s geopolitical developments. This observation helps to understand the current situation, which is worrying for the country’s future, and demonstrates the limits of the Great powers’ role
Boyd, Marie-Pierre. "Crises politiques, images des femmes et représentations du pouvoir." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0116.
Because the women, as critical group, act preferently on the public scene during the troubles and disorder’s periods, it can be interesting to ask if the political crisis that France has known during the XXth century (1936, 1940-1945, 1968) have been decisive for their access to citizenship and the political capacity. Is the political crisis favourable to the women? Have these crisis transformed the social sex relationships? Have they broken the historical linearity? Women’s images, imaginary production, can help to determinate it. We can consider indeed that images contain “the substance of politics”: they explain and justify a power’s representation that traditionally excludes women from the public, institutional and real power. In other words, images show not only how the women are thought in the political and social organization but too how this organization is thought itself, that is to say, which are its main values and principles. If we examine more particularly women’s images during the crisis time – considered as a crisis of the traditional’s power representation – we can show a coincidence between women’s political power exclusion and a process for restablishing order. We have to question this coincidence. A reflexion about the recent French law for political parity complete this sociological research
Tournié, Vincent. "Monnaie, épargne et crises politiques dans la France du XXe siècle." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070052.
This thesis devoted to the study of savings and savers of French Savings Banks confronted with a highly specific type of crisis. Indeed Wars, industrial unrest, and international crises ail had an influence on the movement of funds ranging from a reluctance to make deposits to the most uncontrolled forms of bank runs. Accordingly, we then focused their attention more specifically on the relationship between savings and political crises, and we set out to understand this mechanism that created the most serious difficulties for the Caisses d'Epargne, leading to massive withdrawals and seriously jeopardizing the accounts of the French savings banks. The principal aim of this thesis is to show that it is the freezing of accounts, or the possibility of seeing their accounts frozen, due to crises that trigger a reaction on the part of savers. We are going to demonstrate that savers, when faced with this type of crisis, attempt to transform their savings into what they consider the safes form of money, i. E. Paper money. We want to show that a bank run within the framework of a political crisis is a perfectly rational and coherent way to respond to the crisis. The transformation of bank money into paper money represents the transfer of financial resources from one form of money into another form, considered more secure
Boukoukou-Boussaga, Louis Pascal. "La presse quotidienne parisienne devant trois crises politiques d'Afrique Centrale francophone." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30023.
The 1960s saw the arrival on the international scene of many new states as a result of the decolonization process. The states were unfortunately soon plunged into various political crisis. In this study we have looked at three political crisis : the crisis in congo leopoldville which later led to the tragic death innjuly 1960 of the prime minister patrice lumumba, the fall of president fulbert youlou in congo brazzaville inn august 1963 and finally the military coup d'etat of february 18, 1964 which overthrew president leon mba, leading to the intervention of the french army designed to bring him back to power. This institutional instability allowed the paris daily press to give a certain image of africa to the french opinion. It is this image that this study intends to find out. The study will also help us to measure the space given to africa in those newspapers. To do this, we will analyse how the paris daily press treats news about africa with regards to three principal themes : the inter-state relations, the political elites and the political institutions
Debandi, Natalia. "Retour forcé. Pratiques et politiques d’expulsion d’immigrés en France. 2000-2010." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040040/document.
Expulsion or deportation constituted a privileged punishment prior to the modern prison, whose advantage was the definite exclusion of the individual without having to deal with his body. This punishment reappears as a new strategy of social control and of surplus world population management, particularly regarding foreigners in developed countries. The French model of expulsion of foreigners was based on an administrative device presented as a hygienic and tidy system, symbolized by the administrative retention centers. By means of a six-month-ethnographic study carried out at two retention centers near Paris, we analyze this topic with an empirical inductive approach, in which the characteristics and functioning of the displayed instruments are studied, mainly, the confinement of foreigners in administrative retention centers, so as to understand the impact of migratory control practices and policies on both the individuals and on the construction of the French society. In addition, we analyze forced return as an extension of the penal system whose informal objectives transcend effective deportation and aim to establish a device for the control of the migrant population in general
Mole, Frédéric. "L'école laïque pour une République sociale ? : crises et controverses dans la politique scolaire française, 1900-1914." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/mole_f.
The school reforms of the Third Republic in France, in particular the secularisation of schools, initially rested on a relative consensus among the Republicans. But at the beginning of the 20th century, although this unity and strength was at their height, the deep internal dissensions within the republican camp could not be masked. Opposing the Conservatives, the Socialists, the Radical socialists and the primary school teacher trade unionists developed, in different ways, the idea that secular schooling from then on should convey new forms of social emancipation. In what ways did left-wing republican criticisms of the secular ideal contribute to this crisis ? How did the aim of a social Republic give rise to new conceptions of schooling ? How were hopes raised to believe that this institution could help overcome social conservatism and contribute to social justice ? The thesis, based mainly on a corpus of educational, unionist, and political periodicals as well as congress reports, explores the tensions and controversies within various networks. It examines the various conceptions of a democratic primary school: 1. An "école de la critique" – or a school of criticism – which would prepare pupils to be able to conceive and build a new social order ; 2. An "école des producteurs"– or a school for future production – which would adapt the school curriculum to the world of work and local realities; 3. An "école unique" or a unified school, which breaking away from the traditional divisions of primary and secondary schools, with would release the individual from his or her social origins. Finally, the thesis seeks to understand the political bases and the social aims of these conceptions, as well the inherent tensions
Roux, Benoit. "La France et la crise ivoirienne : le processus des décisions françaises d'engagement militaire et de conclusion de l'Accord de Linas-Marcoussis (septembre 2002 - février 2003)." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2054/document.
On September 19, 2002, armed rebels tried to overthrow the Ivorian President. Then, France committed a military and diplomatic action to resolve the conflict. On January 25, 2003, the President Laurent Gbagbo appointed a new Prime Minister in Paris and, under the auspices of France, agreed to entrust ministries to some members of rebellion. France had previously chaired the Linas-Marcoussis round table, where the Ivorian political forces were invited to negotiate. The goal of the decision that had been taken in between both dates was to solve quickly the conflict. That was also a way for France to promote such a manner as an alternative way of managing the Iraqi crisis. Finally, France has been involved far beyond its initial objectives. The Linas-Marcoussis agreement has been partially implemented. Other agreements, drafted under the auspices of the UN and the ECOWAS Member States, will follow up. France will maintain its military commitment but will not be able to manage its schedule and its budget. Eight years later, the French President announced the end of the military operation on May 21, 2011. This operation has been considered as unique regarding both human and budgetary consequences. In addition, the Parliament was requested to modify the French Constitution in 2008 in order to authorize any military operation overseas beyond four months. The current thesis analyzes and assesses the decision-making processes and the decisions in both diplomatic and military frameworks in France. The document highlights the shift between the methods to achieve the decisions and the crucial challenge of those decisions. In this regard, the most important unintended consequence has probably been the renovated involvement on the Parliament decision process for France to conduct overseas military operation
Alphandéry, Pierre. "Les campagnes françaises de l'agriculture à l'environnement (1945-2000) : politiques publiques, dynamiques sociales et enjeux territoriaux." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0012.
CARLIER, VIRGINIE. "Une interpretation economique des politiques publiques d'insertion professionnelle des jeunes en france, 1968-2000." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1EC04.
Winock, Michel. "Crises et idées de crise en France, 1871-1968 : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux : rapport de présentation des travaux]." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0020.
The studies presented in "Crisis and ideas on crisis in modern France (1871-1968)" do not deal with individual beliefs and works but with political ideas and their historical evolution; with trends of public opinion, intellectual currents and political myths, the concept of "crisis" being analyzed as a central notion. The origin of these studies goes back to "La Republique se meurt (1956-1958)" (1978). In this book, i analyzed the attitude of my generation towards the ultimate crisis of the French Fourth Republic. In 1956-1958, the notion of crisis was not related to economics any longer, but t9o politics only. Through various topics (Esprit, a French review, socialism in France, French intellectuals, anti-americanism, etc. ). I also described politics as an independent concept. As for la fievre hexagonale (1986), it is both a synthesis and a theoretical analysis about French political crises. According to me, the lasting instability of the French political system, wich goes back to the French Revolution, is due mainly to the evolution of a major religious conflict about the role of the roman Catholic Church within the French society
Cabanel, Cédric. "Le système régional d'innovation de la région PACA : vulnérabilité et résilience territoriale dans un contexte ante et post crise économique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0036.
During the 2007-2012 period, the world went through a period of multiple crises with devastating social and economic effects. This context has reinforced the role of innovation as a vector for recovery, which should restore the economic climate and meet new social and environmental challenges. However, these activities have themselves known heterogeneous impacts and trajectories, pushing them to certain mutations which depend in particular on the specificities of their territories of establishment.Thus, this thesis questions the evolution of innovation in the PACA region through the concept of system and in times of crisis. It is a question of observing the role of public authorities on the innovation process, especially in the face of a moment of crisis that can trigger multiple processes of vulnerability and territorial resilience.The example of high-tech sectors, metropolitan areas and new places of innovation, testify to the complexity of the crisis process. They illustrate the difficulty for public authorities to intervene globally and judiciously
Micallef, Fabrice. "L' Europe des possibles : crises et compétitions politiques pendant les "Affaires de Provence" (vers 1580-1610)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010574.
Coujard, Virgile. "La politique étrangère de la France dans les crises internationales, du Golfe à l’Irak : Jeu gouvernemental, jeu diplomatique, système international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010268.
Analyzing the differing French policy during the Gulf and Iraq wars - military participation to the former, diplomatic opposition to the latter, requires a multi-level approach to foreign policy. Graham Allison's governmental game paradigm shows that foreign policy is the resultant of bargainings among central players. It is also capable of revealing the ways in which domestic and bureaucratic polities interfere in the decision-making process. The diplomatic game approach put forward in this work focuses on the interstate interactions. It underlines how much foreign policy stakes and goals are defined and constructed in the process of diplomatic negociation, influenced by other diplomacies' stances. Waltzian structural theory concentrates on the systemic determinants of foreign policy. A State's position within the system, and the structure of the system - its current state as well as its trend - strongly determine and shape foreign policy. Connecting and articulating structure of the system, international order, decision-makers' perceptions and States' behavior appears to be a fruitful way to understand the mechanisms through which structural constraints and incentives act and impact on foreign policy. Afterall, this research attempts to combine infra-state, inter-state and systemic levels of analysis in a novel way, in order to explain the complexity of foreign policy in international cri sis
Lamarque, Gwénael. "Histoire, mémoire et cultures politiques : essai d'interprétation à partir de l'exemple français de 1974 à nos jours : l'odysée de Clio et Mnémosyne au pays de Marianne." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30028.
This thesis lies within a cultural and historiographic context called “Memory boom” and tries to investigate on the way the past resurfaces in the heart of the French public life and more exactly through eight of the main political cultures of the Hexagon: communist, socialist, radical, christian-democrat, liberal, gaullist and national populist. This research follows a three-part pattern. We will first try to show that the memory of a political culture seems to be built on a more or less latent state of tension between History (which remains the substratum it takes root in) and Power, which directly influences the way the past is handled and summoned. Once those circumstances are established we will enter the heart of the system of Memory and realize that Memory exerts a true power within a political culture: it is constantly referred to, sometimes even as a guide, and provides many an opportunity and place to “remember”/ have memories, each time improving its cohesion. Far from sinking into oblivion, Clio regularly reappears in between Memory and Power, being used in its turn by the different political cultures mostly in a conflicting perspective. Clio seems to have a very special place in France at the meeting points between major political issues and the reasons of state. As the heirs of a long History the French resort to their past more than others and their political life reflects this characteristic in extenso
Guillemot, Hélène. "La modélisation du climat en France des années 1970 aux années 2000 : histoire, pratiques, enjeux politiques." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0149.
Our thesis relates to the history of climate modelling from the end of the nineteen sixties to the beginning of this century, focusing on the modelling practices in the two centres developing a climate model in France: the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) from the CNRS (and the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, a fédération of laboratories in and around Paris) and the national organism for vveather forecast, Météo-France. Starting with the first numerical climate models, we trace the évolution of modelling at LMD and Météo-France, and compare the institutions, the carecrs of the researchers and the very différent ways of working in thèse two organisms, determined by their institutional cultures. We describe several modelling practices, in particular the parametrization and validation of models by data, and we analyse the specificities of the scientific practices related to the use of computer. Returning to a critical transitional period in the history of modelling in France, the beginning of the nineties, whcn institutional and scientific reconfigurations allowed coupling of models and simulations of future climate, we analyse the way French modellers confronted the problem of climate change, especially the contribution to IPCC climate prévisions. Finally, we address the expansion of climate modelling to « Earth System », integrating other environments, cycles and interactions, and we discuss the mutations that thèse changes are generating in the working practices of modellisers
Mazouz, Sarah. "La République et ses autres : politiques de la discrimination et pratiques de naturalisation dans la France des années 2000." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0011.
The object of this thesis is to study two policies appearing to be paradigmatic of the way relationship to the other and the alien was thought about and conceptualised in France in the years 2000: policy against racial discrimination and policy of naturalization. Ln the end of the years 1990, the paradigm of racial discriminations was added to the existing policies, which until then had been structured by two major idea" integrating migrants and regulating migration flow. This new problematization seemed to call for the launching of a policy of otherness thought of to go beyond the previous analysis in terms of border. However, acknowledging the existence of racial discrimination is from the beginning ambivalent. Overmore, it is the question of the nation, and more precisely of the incorporation in nation through naturaliization that is the frame of this timid acknowledgment of racial discrimination and that is politically reinvested in a new way at this occasion. Based on a fieldwork, combining observation and interviews, this research intends to hold together a sociology of public policies and an anthropology of social practices. Lts purpose is to show that the actual redefinition of French policies of otherness cannot be analysed without taking into account the way the questions of migration, nation and racialization interfere in social space
Rauch, Marie-Ange. "Le théâtre en France en 1968 : histoire d'une crise." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100022.
This research shows the effects of the events of mai 1968 in France among the professionals of theaters and culture houses. This work investigates : - the decentralization of dramatical art in France from 1945 to 1968; - the relations between the students organizations and dramatical art in the sixties; - the occupation of the Odeon-theatre de France, the closing of Parisian theaters; - the active strike of the suburbs theaters; - the manifesto issued from the Villeurbanne meeting during 3 weeks with the directors of popular theaters and culture housesand, signed by them. - the contest of the Avignon theater festival; the consequences of the May 68 movement on the French cultural policy in the immediate after-may. The thesis rely upon original archives from 1968, completed by live interviews from the main witnesses and actors
Butlen, Max. "L'offre publique de lecture : évolution des politiques en France, concurrence et complémentarité entre les acteurs de 1980 à 2000." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H041.
Object : analyse and understand the public offers of reading policies evolutions, in France from 1980 to 2000. An initial inventory of fixtures shows the proliferation of offered objects, places, actions, actors, and the consensus range around the offer of reading. The study of interactions between announced policies and their implementations done by the main actors underlines competition, complementarity and limits of the consensus. It appears that book militants and some professionals have built the offer insufficiency as a society problem. The decision makers considered the claimsmakers' systems of reference. The offer of reading got rationalised, professionalized and institutionalised. It structures demand, improves visibility and profitability, sometimes to the detriment of an ethics of conviction. The reading crisis isn't at all exhausted. Successes and limits of offer lead to others mutations in the offerings
Pardanaud, Cyrielle. "La crise de l'Etat de Californie dans les années 2000 : enjeux institutionnels et choix politiques dans un contexte économique perturbé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA049.
This dissertation focuses on the institutional and political reasons behind the severity and length of the crises that the State of California went through during the first decade of the 2000s. After several years of economic growth that generated significant budget surpluses, several crises hit the Golden State. The first started after the bursting of the dotcom bubble in 2000 and was directly followed by a power crisis resulting from a failed deregulation of the supply chain system. This coincided with the beginning of an era of budget deficits that would last for a decade. Finally, this time period had seen the worst crisis since the 1930s: the Great Recession that originated from the bursting of a housing bubble in 2007 and was followed by a global financial crisis that culminated in the Golden State in the year 2009.The consequences of these crises were particularly severe in California and this dissertation aims at identifying the reasons accounting for this severity. It first stresses that the significant diversity of interests that comes from the state’s size, its economic structure and its socio-ethnic profile slows down political decision-making and increases its complexity. It can even result in an unequal representation of those interests. In addition, political partisanship is very high, and recession periods tend to increase this divide. This is one of the reasons behind the political and budget gridlocks of the 2000s that prevented legislators from promptly and efficiently dealing with the consequences of the recessions. Handling these consequences was also made difficult by the shift in power from local governments to the state, resulting in a slowing down of the decision-making process as well as in a shortage of funds. Besides, even though direct democracy has proved efficient in allowing citizens to circumvent gridlocks, it appears that a few propositions adopted through the initiative process have had unintended negative consequences like limiting the ability of elected officials to adjust revenues and expenditures in a timely manner. Indeed, the volatility of the California tax structure tends to be exacerbated when the economy takes a hit. This volatility is rather hard to offset both because the state does not tax services and a two-thirds majority vote is required to amend the tax code. Finally, several political decisions can be questioned, sometimes because they were made in favor of special interest groups while being detrimental to the public good. We conclude that the severity of the crises the Golden State went through during the 2000s results from a combination of both institutional and political weaknesses
Troupel, Aurélia. "Disparités dans la parité : les effets de la loi du 6 juin 2000 sur la féminisation du personnel politique local et national." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0029.
The law of 6 June 2000, which obliges parties to field an equal number of male and female candidates, should have increased the number of women elected in politics. However, the parity law achieved very variable results, being most effective at the local and European levels whilst having little or no effect on the composition of the Senate and the National Assembly. To understand the reasons for these variations between the different levels of politics, several theories have been tested and a database has been created of female politicians (1958-2004). This research allows certain established ideas to be challenged and disputed. It is revealed that partisanship, changes to the electoral regulations and the presence of female incumbents are not sufficient to explain these variations. On the other hand, the prior feminisation of the elected assembly along with how restrictive the parity law is under the circumstances are both essential to the effective functioning of the law. Taken together, these elements show a perpetuation of the local/national cleavage (strongly and weakly feminised), as argued by Mariette Sineau
Fabre, Christopher. "La dimension environnementale des politiques énergétiques française et allemande de 1973 à 2000 : de l’antagonisme à la convergence des modèles ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040102.
This thesis studies the integration of environmental issues into French and German energy policies between 1973 and 2000. While the two countries are generally analyzed in terms of their divergences, the question here is whether the development of protection of the environment has not contributed to the phenomena of convergence. To do this, the energy systems of the two countries are studied in their entirety and through a long historical perspective. Beyond the nuclear question, it is indeed the entire energy mix and the evolution of consumption that are questioned here, from the first oil shock and the launch of nuclear programs, until the early 2000s, Which mark the beginning of a new cycle for the energy sector. Over the period as a whole, environmental protection has become a key and structuring issue, particularly through the development of standards and commitments at international and community levels. While the nuclear issue remains a definite element of differentiation, it appears that it responds to different initial constraints between the two countries and is gradually being resolved. In the end, there is a certain degree of convergence of all French and German indicators between 1973 and 2000, to which the protection of the environment contributed with certainty
Desbrosses, Elodie. "Politiques culturelles locales, coopération et frontières : l'exemple de villes frontalières petites et moyennes dans le nord et le nord-est de la France." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-11-1.pdf.
Tournayre, Nadine. "Dominique de Villepin et le monde : visions et pratiques d'une politique étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030068.
This research analyses the making of Dominique de Villepin’s foreign policy - as decided by President Chirac – by studying in a first time the Minister personnality : so, how could an interaction be between his real-life, his own longings and the international context he had to face up? Head of French diplomacy from May, 2002 to March, 2004, he came into office in a transition period. Indeed, a consequence of 9-11 attacks was the process set up by the Bush administration, which would lead to war in Iraq, but to a serious crisis of international principles too. During Iraqi crisis, the Minister tried to defend law against strength, negotiation against some arbitrariness, dialogue between civilizations against clash of civilizations. At the same time, the Ivorian crisis has been one of the other stakes in D. de Villepin’s policy, who particularly promoted the role of regional organizations. International challenges were not the minister’s only sphere of activity : From the Convention for the Future of Europe to the constitutional referendum failure in France, from the former Eastern countries integration in EU to the limits of Europe matter, European construction was one of great stakes of his come by the French political stage. On that subject, we will analyze his policy reception, widening our remarks to America and to some countries of the European Union. At least, we would try to see what could be his theory of international relationship, which was developed both on the content – by developing new negotiation tools – and on the form, with all the importance devoted to word
Fabre, Christopher. "La dimension environnementale des politiques énergétiques française et allemande de 1973 à 2000 : de l’antagonisme à la convergence des modèles ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040102.
This thesis studies the integration of environmental issues into French and German energy policies between 1973 and 2000. While the two countries are generally analyzed in terms of their divergences, the question here is whether the development of protection of the environment has not contributed to the phenomena of convergence. To do this, the energy systems of the two countries are studied in their entirety and through a long historical perspective. Beyond the nuclear question, it is indeed the entire energy mix and the evolution of consumption that are questioned here, from the first oil shock and the launch of nuclear programs, until the early 2000s, Which mark the beginning of a new cycle for the energy sector. Over the period as a whole, environmental protection has become a key and structuring issue, particularly through the development of standards and commitments at international and community levels. While the nuclear issue remains a definite element of differentiation, it appears that it responds to different initial constraints between the two countries and is gradually being resolved. In the end, there is a certain degree of convergence of all French and German indicators between 1973 and 2000, to which the protection of the environment contributed with certainty
Becerra, Sylvia. "Protéger la nature : politiques publiques et régulations locales en Espagne et en France." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133021.
Marty, Laurence. "Apprendre et lutter au bord du monde : récits de mouvements pour la justice climatique en France et en Europe (2014-2017)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0143.
This dissertation focuses on the French and European movements against climate change and on the tensions that characterize them: what does it mean to fight when the scale of the disaster, the sense of urgency and the feeling of powerlessness prevail? How does one keep fighting in a world in rubble, which we do not believe we can save anymore? And how do we do so when we know that we belong to the countries responsible (historically and still today) for the unprecedented environmental disruptions that are happening to us? This ethnography explores the actions of activists and collective groups in the preparation of the mobilizations that took place around the COP21 (Paris, December 2015). It examines the decomposition and re-composition of the struggles against climate change that ensued. The specificity of these activists and collectives is that they belong to the least institutionalized space of the environmental movement: their commitments rested on a continuum of collective actions ranging from food farming to direct action. Moreover, they belong to the part of the movement that has participated in importing and developing the climate justice framing in France since 2015. From this ethnography, which was also lived as a personal experience, whereby I shared moments of life with these activists and collectives, I sought to make tangible the pathways and learnings that unfolded within the climate movements, as well as the breathlessness, doubts, joys and empowerment, which have been experienced in these movements.The manuscript is organized in two "volumes", each of which corresponds to a major question addressed to the movements against climate disruption and which relays those asked by the activists themselves: “What is the ‘right way’ to fight against climate disruption?” and “What is the ‘right political subject’ of the movement for climate justice?” In contrast to univocal and absolute answers, I propose to think about these questions as pharmaka in the sense of Isabelle Stengers: depending on their dosage, they can empower or weaken, poison. Each of the two volumes is itself composed of several “stories”, which are used to shift these questions and showing their effects in situation. Finally, between these stories I have interspersed “workshops”, which are the summary of notes I took during trainings, in which I participated in the climate movements since 2015
Saint, Georges Marie-Eve. "Le traitement journalistique des crises politiques et des catastrophes naturelles : (les cas de la RdCongo et du Rwanda ; d’Haïti et du Japon)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020007.
How does media coverage contribute to build History, when it faces Human atrocities and huge natural disasters? What keys to understanding can be found in the recollection of such events? The journalist’s position on these unstable fields is untenable. He is stuck in a permanent crisis that he can only watch as a contemporary witness. And, because records are not always held, traces are randomly available. My objective is to dissect what we may call the media spiral. Through an in-depth but nonetheless selective study of the Medias and their publics, the aim is to find keys to understanding how these major crises are turned into a new History focused on the reporter’s snapshot. Wars, genocides, earthquakes, and tsunami: this backdrop is not subject to the same media coverage depending whether we are in April 1994 or in January 2010. Questioning the approach to crises which are alike, but tear memories variously as the journalistic treatment concerns the Democratic Republic of Congo or Rwanda; decoding what is a breeding ground for ‘miserabilism’ on the one hand, and what arouses the admiration on the other hand, in the way of reporting the events which affect Haiti or Japan; trying to find out why such or such direction is favoured in the coverage of these crises in French-speaking printed press, through the study of Belgian and French titles; comprehending why the Internet rushes the choices and the race for the chaos coverage: here is the basis of this research
Bereni, Laure. "De la cause à la loi : Les mobilisations pour la parité politique en France (1992-2000)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00232810.
Le présent travail de thèse explore les logiques sociales et politiques de transformation de cette revendication initialement marginale en slogan consensuel et en dispositif institutionnel. Afin de saisir la complexité d'un tel processus, on a élaboré la catégorie d'espace de la cause des femmes, qui désigne l'ensemble des collectifs – et leurs participant-e-s – luttant au nom des femmes et pour les femmes, quelle que soit la sphère sociale dans laquelle ils s'inscrivent. Cette notion permet d'appréhender à la fois l'hétérogénéité des actrices, des lieux et des investissements pour la parité (traversant les frontières établies entre les univers associatif, étatique, partisan, académique, etc.) et les liens qui les unissent (par le jeu des multipositionnalités et des réseaux militants). On montre que la structure intersectionnelle de l'espace de la cause des femmes éclaire le processus de légitimation du slogan de parité, ses « percées » dans le champ politique et les modalités de sa « traduction » institutionnelle tout au long des années 1990.
Au-delà de la question de la parité, une telle approche permet d'échapper aux apories de l'antagonisme entre une explication « par le bas » (insistant sur le rôle des « mouvements ») et « par le haut » (plaçant la focale sur les « institutions ») de la genèse d'une réforme institutionnelle, dans le sillage de développements récents en science politique, qui tendent à décloisonner les lieux et les registres de la politique contestataire.
Apard-Malah, Élodie. "Queues de Pie et Grands Boubous : une histoire franco-africaine : les relations politiques franco-nigériennes de l'après-guerre aux années 2000." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010652.
Gay, Renaud. "L'Etat hospitalier : réformes hospitalières et formation d'une administration spécialisée en France : (années 1960 - années 2000)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH014.
The « neoliberal statization » of French hospital system is a well-established paradox that our research reexamines through two ways. The first one is historical. It consists in studying managerial reformism which emerged in the 1960s, whereas most investigations are focused on policies implemented after the 1980s. The second one is organizational. The statization is to be understood less as proliferation of norms and procedures in hospitals than as the formation and the stabilization of public specialized organizations. At the intersection of the policy analysis and the sociology of administration, this study focuses on how hospital reforms can contribute to the definition, the consolidation and the recognition of a political-administrative center in a sociohistorical perspective. Our main hypothesis is that hospital reforms crystallize three interconnected processes which underpin the institutionnalization of a specialized administrative organization called the Hospital State. Firstly, reforms support the redistribution and concentration of administrative prerogatives on hospitals within one single organization (process of monopolization). Secondly, they help increase the capacities of this organization that in turn strengthen its autonomy from other agents (process of autonomization). Thirdly, they generate and rely on specialized knowledge that justifies state interventions (process of legitimation). Our historical observation of reform activities leads to outline three temporal sequences. These reveal an uneven continuity of these processes and their unequal articulation depending on historical periods. If reforms contribute to forging a relative autonomous Hospital State, its organizational boundaries and its principles of legitimation are far from being stabilized. Our investigation is based on various materials : records from administrative and private organizations ; interviews with minister’s advisers, senior civil servants and experts of the Ministry of Health ; grey literature (administrative and expert reports, ministerial publications) ; national newspapers and professional journals ; parliamentary debates ; biographies of supervisory staff members at the Ministry of Health
Kouyaté, Oumou. "Côte d’Ivoire : émergence-dynamiques et recomposition de la Société civile, lecture et interprétation sous la crise militaro-politique de 2000 à 2011." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0556.
"Emergence dynamics and recomposition of civil society in Cote d'Ivoire: reading and interpreting through the military and political crisis of 2000 to 2011" is the title of this thesis. The subject is certainly sharpness, due to the complex roles and positions played by Ivorian Civil Society both as observer and actor of the crisis. Caught up in the social contradictions and political antagonisms, did Ivorian Civil Society not rid of ideological pressures to ensure its effectiveness and its own neutrality? All the problematic is founded by its capability to keep tie to its original objectives
Duhalde, Michel. "Analyse des instruments des politiques de la biodiversité : le cas de Natura 2000 en milieu littoral et marin." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0008/document.
Taking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers
Ghibaudi, Paul-Emmanuel. "Le citoyen et le politicien : étude ethnopolitologique en agglomération lyonnaise." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/ghibaudi_pe.
Ahuir, Gilles. "Gestion de crise : l'appropriation territoriale à l'épreuve des faits." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H038/document.
"Sir, my municipality does not go into the field of your study, certainly we have a stream which crosses the municipality and which floods it from time to time and we had an accident with a tanker, but apart from that we are exposed to no risk. "This small sentence pulled by the mail of a mayor shows to what extent the crisis management at the national level can be integrated in a fragmented way. She also underlines the current fragility of the municipalities in front of this complex problem, while the law on the modernization of the civil safety of 2004 places the elected representative municipal as a leading player of the crisis management. It is this central question which constitutes the problem of my thesis, made under the joint direction of Mr Pierre Pech and Mr Paul Durand from the university Paris 1 Pantheon - Sorbonne. Indeed, hardly of this report, my work of thesis leaned on an analysis of a corpus of data from the national bases handling potential and actual major risks, bases Gaspar and Aria, which allowed to select the panel of the municipalities of this survey.10 000 municipalities were requested on the metropolitan territory through an audit questionnaire taking into account :- The risk assessment;- The measures of crisis management organized;- The feeling of preparation of the Mayor. The choice of the targeted municipalities answers a logic of geographical, structural and environmental representativeness with regard to the protean exposure at the risks of our territories.703 municipalities are actually integrated into the study and a quantitative and qualitative interpretation allowed to establish if the latter were in capacity to manage a major crisis arising on their territory, if there were factors susceptible to influence this capacity of crisis management, and to establish if the municipal level is really the most relevant level of crisis management. The obtained results highlight that the metropolitan municipalities are just partially prepared to face a crisis and that the implication of the local elected representatives is to be perfected. On the other hand, there seems be a link between the size of the municipality and the capacity to manage a crisis. This report is to be put in parallel with the Japanese municipal model having faced the disasters of2011. During this crisis of unequalled scale, the capacity of the municipalities to face the crisis was the cornerstone of the process of immediate management. Yet, the Japanese model bases on municipal important structures, structured and well equipped. Without questioning the municipal structure, the heiress of a long republican tradition, but by joining the dynamics of the law on the new territorial organization of the republic, can we intend to position the problem of territorial crisis management in an above municipal level to win in coherence and inefficiency in front of protean threats pressing on our municipalities? This question is the proposal in which ends the thesis which diagnoses certain deficits in capacity to take care of the major risks of our French municipalities
Righi, Dominique. "Les images dans les manuels de lycee (manuels d'histoire, de français, de philosophie et de langues vivantes publiés de 2000 à 2003) : les représentations des pouvoirs et des conflits politiques de 1815 à nos jours." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5014.
Throughout this research, two levels of analysis are carried out in parallel _one relating to the original images and the other concerning the modes of reproduction in the handbooks_ from a historical and history of art perspectives. The introduction delivers the historiography of the subject and analyzes the sources, i. E. The programs and the images chosen by the authors of the handbooks according to their nature and their place in these works. The first part concentrates on the political power representations and the second relates to the armed confrontations representations. The third part continues with the civilian images during the conflicts and the traces of the wars including genocides, and finishes with the various memories representations. A volume of appendices counts the exhaustiveness of the images reproduced _3651 images_ as well as the precise statistics in order to show and to justify the established reports
Gobille, Boris. "Crise politique et incertitude : régimes de problématisation et logiques de mobilisation des écrivains en mai 68." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0052.
The objective of the dissertation is to contribute to the analysis of the events in May and June 1968 in France. Through the prism of a socio-history elaborated on a short time scale, the research focuses on the logics and repertoires of collective action of writers during the crisis by replacing them in the specific dynamics of the events and by reconstructing the social, political and literary trajectories and positions of the engaged authors. By defining the event as a " rupture of intelligibility ", the analysis places at its heart the joining of two forms of uncertainty: the uncertainty of the life of an author, well demonstrated by the sociology of artistic professions, and the tactical and cognitive uncertainty characteristic of political crisis. At the same time the research seeks to specify literary representations and artistic criticism which simultaneously mold the signification which writers confer upon the unexpected events and the forms which they give to their mobilizations
Brunn, Matthias. "Idées globalisées, défis nationaux : l’introduction du Disease Management et du paiement à la performance en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV020/document.
Health systems in many welfare states are undergoing important transformations, triggered by increasing budgetary pressures and characterized by the growing role of market and rationalization measures. In this context, France and Germany have introduced disease management (DM) programs to deliver more structured patient care and pay-for-performance (P4P) measures to provide financial incentives for providers meeting certain objectives.These reforms, which reflect the increasing role of the State in both statutory health insurance systems, were inspired by Anglo-Saxon models but translated in distinct ways, owing to differences in the two countries’ systems. In Germany, DM and P4P were based on increasing competition between sickness funds and between hospitals, while in France these reforms reflected a shift by its central insurance system “from payer to player”.The positioning of the medical profession vis-a-vis these new instruments of governance, which are hierarchical in nature and impose stronger public accountability, was a key issue in both France and Germany. The negotiation processes were accompanied by a growing disconnect between physician representatives and their memberships in both countries, despite significant differences in the way physicians are traditionally integrated into health system regulation
Adib, Doss Maria. "Les talk-shows en Egypte. D’un dispositif de modernisation de l’autoritarisme à des arènes de parole dissidente. Mise en perspective d’une situation révolutionnaire (25 janvier - 11 février 2011)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020037.
The subject of this thesis is the talk-shows, those socio-political tv shows that marked the media and political scene during the last years of Mubarak’s regime till the new political era post-July 2013. The main question that guided this research was: to what extent have the talk shows been an arena of dissident speech? The thesis demonstrates that this mechanism was a part of a public space designed by specific dynamics and branded by a liberalized and adaptive authoritarianism. It allowed the manifestation of social practices including counter movements endorsing them to express themselves and to gain visibility.Thus, through the study of the process that allowed the appearance of such shows, its actors and its operating methods, we observe how these broadcasts were a part of different political dynamics and served challenging the political power. They acquired roles and a freedom of expression that the country hadn’t experienced since 1952, exceeding their initial function as designed by the regime despite the means of control that the latter kept in order to maintain a minimum control on media and hence widening the fields of struggles and spaces of contentious. Then, the thesis studies the dynamics of January 2011 uprisings. Based on an interactionist approach and a work of several years field study of both television professionals and guests of these shows and an analysis of a record of broadcasts. We demonstrate that the talk-shows role was fundamental in the media conflict which doubled the conflict in the field
Allouche-Chemla, Marie-Rose. "Etude de la réception de la littérature hébraïque en France : nature et enjeux culturels, économiques et politiques des œuvres de fiction en prose traduites en français depuis l'an 2000." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080046/document.
There are been a significant increase in French translations of Israeli literature in recent decades. This phenomenon fits into the general framework of increased international literary exchange, but also due to political, commercial or cultural reasons. Our study identifies the works of prose fiction of Israeli literature translated into French between 2000 and 2012, and provides statistical data on the number of translations to Hebrew, on the most translated authors and on the publishers and translators involved in the import into France.It clarifies the role of the main actors involved in such export / import: Israeli and French governmental institutions, literary agents, editors and translators, and it analyses for each of them the importance of political, cultural and commercial issues.Lastly, our study attempts to understand how these works were accepted into France by the media and by the general public.Our conclusions are based on the one hand on a broad corpus of Israeli literary works and press articles and on the other hand on interviews or written responses of writers, literary agents, editors, translators, library directors and readers. They highlight not only a quantitative change in the acceptance of Israeli literature in France, but also a change in terms of choice of translation that reflect evolution of Israeli literature itself and the individual will of a few people much involved in such export / import. If the approach of the French media remains today, although to a lesser extent, politically oriented, the public of readers is primarily sensitive to its literary qualities
Cognard, Françoise. "" Migrations d'agrément " et nouveaux habitants dans les moyennes montagnes françaises : de la recomposition sociale au développement territorial. L'exemple du Diois, du Morvan et du Séronais." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20003.
Charles, Thierry. "Le chabanisme : idéal politique et projet social." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33025.
Chabanism is mneither a deviation or an imitation of a failing gaullism. Where does the difference lie ? not of course, in the attachement to a republican "france libre" but in a political, economic and social conception. It's very close to both the english idea of a parliamentaty government and to liberalism. The chaban doctrine can be divided into two periods : one of secret complicities (iv republic) and illusions (from 1969 to 1972); and one of latent opposition to de gaulle and then to pompidou. (in its relationship to the executive power) two concepts epitomize chabanism : its criticism of society and its reforms to set up a new society the chaban doctrine is rooted in the romantic attachement of france to failure ( chaban and "l'exception francaise" ). Great men have always been faced with the painful experience of adversity, ungratefulness and failure
Dromard, Michaël. "Les doctrines institutionnelles des Responsables Politiques Français vis à vis de la notion de Cohabitation au cours de la 5ème République : 1958-2017." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020080/document.
The thesis recalls the many positions of the French political officials with respect to the concept of cohabitation during years 1958-2017 and highlights their institutional contradictions which appear according to situations and political circumstances given. It thus emphasizes the many institutional divergences of the right-hand side on the subject : the cohabitationnist refusal of the Gaullist and Pompidolian regims, the Giscardian assent of 1978, the division within the right during Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1995, the union in the denunciation during the first mandate of Jacques Chirac between 1995 and 2002 and finally a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis also records certain institutional divergences on the side of the socialist left : a cohabitationnist will during years 1958-1981, a serious reserve during years 1981-1986 then 1988-1993, a cohabitationnist satisfaction during years 1997-2002 and also a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis shows so the way in which the political leaders have evolved their institutional doctrines according to situations and political circumstances given and also tries to explain their numerous personal strategies and their institutional reflections with respect to the cohabitation
Darriet, Elisa. "Science économique et sens commun : études des représentations sociales de la crise économique et de l'euro." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020034.
In this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population
Cakpo, Charles Christian Kotomé. "Les Institutions démocratiques au Bénin : Analyse comparée France Etats-Unis." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMD002/document.
The modern constitution of Benin dates from December 11, 1990. It establishes a democratic regime, based on the people, the sole holder of the sovereign power and, defines the institutions as well as a control organ which watches over the relations of their reciprocal actions. As an electoral body, this people exercises its sovereignty through its legitimate representatives.The present thesis aims to study the democratic aspect, the report to the people using the French and American examples. The analysis deals with both constituent power and constituted powers. First, it highlights the intervention of the people both in the process of constitution-making and revision of the constitution.In a democratic context, the sovereign people intervene on the one hand, in the designation of the original constituent organ and at the end of the process to ratify the constitutional text by referendum; on the other hand, during the implementation of the derived constituent function, either initially, on the initiative, by its representatives, or at the end, or by its representatives, or by itself through the popular referendum.Then, with regard to constituted powers, the people exercise their sovereignty through elections to appoint their representatives, those who embody these powers, by means of direct or indirect universal suffrage. These two interventions of the people are compared with the American examples of 1787 and French of 1958 to draw the necessary consequences.The goal is to understand the specificities of Benin in terms of universal suffrage, separation of powers and the relationship established with the people
Qassim, Niazy. "L'utilisation du big data, de l'intelligence artificielle et des technologies XR dans les campagnes politiques : Une étude comparative Franco-Allemande." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2033.
In the last few years, new information and communication technology has made information easily accessible. At the same time, information has become a strategic raw material that political actors seek to master in order to gain competitive advantages. In parallel, artificial intelligence and virtual reality have started to revolutionize the forms and the modes of political communication. Therefore, in this thesis, we studied how French and German political candidates and parties use big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality during political campaigns. Based on mixed research during the 2021 German federal election and 2022 French presidential elections. We found that political campaigns in France are more dynamic, aggressive and diverse than German political campaigns. We also found that French political candidates and parties are more creative and innovative in terms of using big data, artificial intelligence and virtual reality in political campaigns than German political candidates and parties. Despite the progress of professionalized campaigning in both countries, the use of big data, artificial intelligence and virtual reality in political campaigns until now weak and not perfect
Bréville, Benoît. ""Inner city" montréalais et banlieue parisienne, politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté urbaine : la politique de la ville à Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (Canada) et Saint-Denis (France), années 1960-début des années 2000." Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5483/1/D2407v1.pdf.
Many, Guillaume. "Profession et professionnalisation des enseignants en France, en République Démocratique Allemande et dans les nouveaux länder de l'Allemagne : 1970-2000." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20013/document.
The main objective of this thesis is to establish a comparison of the teachers professions evolution and lived careers, in the time period going from 1970 to 2000. This period allows us to concentrate the comparison on the political evolutions, which are different in the two considered geographic areas: in GDR and Germany, the Reunification disrupts the whole society and leads the land in a total reform period; in France, the political and societal evolution is, in comparison, quite linear. The reforms about the teachers education and status are taken in this work under the perspective of the different types of modernization.After the justification of the interest of comparing France, the GDR and the new Länder of Germany, this thesis aims the definition of the types of modernization we can find in the considered geographic and politic contexts. The methodology we used in this work to gather and analyse the data is the interactionist profession sociology, and the empiric data used is a corpus of teachers career interviews realised in Lyon and Leipzig. The interviewed teachers began their career as teacher between 1970 and 2000.A second part is centered in the observation of the evolution of the school systems in the concerned countries, and especially teachers education and status. The historical and educative contexts we used for this study are defined here.The third part is the empiric part, and is about the analysis of the interviews. The evolutions the teachers told about the profession are compared in this part. It is composed of eight categories, built after the interviews analysis. They are at the heart of the comparison, and shows the categories we built under many lights: temporal evolution, political evolution, professional groups, personal and common features
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2018theseBoccarossaA.pdf.
Since the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20043/document.
Since the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality