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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Criminal statistics Victoria"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Criminal statistics Victoria"

1

Shepherd, Stephane M., and Benjamin L. Spivak. "Estimating the extent and nature of offending by Sudanese-born individuals in Victoria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820929066.

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Анотація:
The involvement in crime of some young Sudanese-born Victorians has received sustained public attention in recent years. The media coverage of these occurrences has been extensive, with some outlets criticised for sensationalist reporting and prejudiced undertones. A range of views were held across the commentariat including, for example, the notion that Sudanese-Victorian criminal involvement has been overstated; that some level of justice over-representation was inevitable due to the demographics of Sudanese-born Victorians, which skew young and male (i.e. the demographic hypothesis); and that offending rates may be associated with heightened law enforcement responses following a high-profile criminal incident in March 2016 that received protracted media coverage and political commentary (i.e. the racial-profiling hypothesis). This paper sought to address these contentions by (i) examining the offending rates of both young and adult males across three cultural sub-groups (i.e. Sudanese-born, Indigenous Australian, Australian-born) across several offending categories between 2015 and 2018 and (ii) exploring the impact of a high-profile criminal incident in March 2016, on the offending rates of Sudanese-born Victorians. Offending rates were calculated using offender incident data from the Victorian Crime Statistics Agency and population estimates from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data. Findings indicate that Sudanese-born individuals figure prominently in both youth and adult offending categories relative to other major cultural sub-groups. Rates for ‘crimes against the person’ were especially pronounced for Sudanese-born youth and significantly higher than rates for crimes more subject to police discretion (i.e. public order offences). The ‘demographic hypothesis’ did not hold for the specified age range of 10 to 17 years. An increase in offending was observed post-March 2016 across two offending categories for Sudanese-born Victorians. Findings are contextualised within.
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2

Beyer, Lorraine, Gary Reid, and Nick Crofts. "Ethnic Based Differences in Drug Offending." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 2 (August 2001): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400205.

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There is a perception in Victoria that some ethnic groups are more heavily involved in illicit drugs than others. The published police and prison statistics appear to support this view. The paper discusses why published statistics show an increase in drug offending by people of Vietnamese birth, describes some of the outcomes of current criminal justice responses to the illicit drug problem in Victoria, and identifies differing offending patterns between drug offenders of “Asian” and “non-Asian” backgrounds. Court and Juvenile Justice key informants’ perceptions of the reasons young “Asian” people become involved with heroin is also briefly discussed.
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3

Lovegrove, Austin. "Sentencing the Multiple Offender: Towards Detailed Sentencing Statistics for Armed Robbers." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 31, no. 1 (April 1998): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589803100102.

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Анотація:
Recently, Lovegrove developed a decision model describing how judges in Victoria apply the totality principle to determine sentences for offenders convicted on multiple counts. The model, taking the form of a set of working rules, is empirically based but springs from the legal analyses of Thomas and Ashworth. This article describes a new study in which this conceptual framework is used to analyse archival sentencing data in order to show quantitatively the relationship between the effective (head) sentence determined for a case and the component sentences fixed for its comprising counts. The sample comprised 69 multiple-count cases in which armed robbery was the principal offence. They were selected from cases heard in the Victorian Court of Criminal Appeal between 1985 and 1994 (inclusive). The theoretical significance of this work is that it uses archival data to quantify an algebraic model — reciprocal function — representing the judges' approach to this sentencing problem. The practical product of this study is a method for developing, for the assistance of judges, detailed sentencing statistics: these could be used to generate an effective sentence from the sentences fixed for counts comprising a case, according to sentencing practice.
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4

Piper, Alana, and Lisa Durnian. "Theft on trial: Prosecution, conviction and sentencing patterns in colonial Victoria and Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815620684.

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Анотація:
From Ned Kelly to Waltzing Matilda, tales of thievery dominate Australia's colonial history. Yet while theft represents one of the most pervasive forms of criminal activity, it remains an under-researched area in Australian historical scholarship. This article draws on detailed inter-jurisdictional research from Victoria and Western Australia to elaborate trends in the prosecution, conviction and sentencing of theft in colonial Australia. In particular, we use these patterns to explore courtroom attitudes towards different forms of theft by situating such statistics within the context of contemporary commentaries. We examine the way responses to theft and the protection of property were affected by colonial conditions, and consider the influence of a variety of factors on the outcomes of theft trials.
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Книги з теми "Criminal statistics Victoria"

1

Carcach, Carlos. Review of Victoria police crime statistics. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2002.

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2

Kelly, Burns. Homicide in Victoria: Offenders, victims and sentencing. Melbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council, 2007.

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3

Kelly, Burns. Homicide in Victoria: Offenders, victims and sentencing. Melbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council, 2007.

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4

Victoria. Office of Police Integrity. Report of investigation into Victoria Police crime records and statistical reporting. [Melbourne, VIC]: Victorian Government Printer, 2011.

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5

Ombudsman, Victoria. Crime statistics and police numbers. Melbourne, VIC: Victorian Government Printer, 2009.

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6

Freiberg, Arie. Sentencing reform and penal change: The Victorian experience. Sydney: Federation Press, 1999.

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7

Victoria. Inter-Departmental Committee on Community Safety and Crime Prevention. and Victoria. Dept. of Justice., eds. Young people and crime in Victoria. Melbourne, Vic: Secretary, Dept. of Justice, Victoria, 1994.

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8

Churchill, David. Crime Control and the Police. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.003.0004.

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Анотація:
This chapter assesses the impact of policing on urban crime control. It argues that the protection of property was central to the practice of preventative policing, and that the growth of the police significantly enhanced the state’s capacity to control urban property crime. Nevertheless, police efforts to combat theft obtained only limited purchase, and ultimately failed to live up to public expectations. Having demonstrated that the criminal statistics do not provide a reliable measure of crime trends, the chapter exposes the barriers to police effectiveness in crime control, particularly the scale and scope of opportunity for theft which the Victorian city presented, and limitations on resources which undermined the operation of the preventative policing strategy. The result was an enforcement gap in responding to urban property crime, which provided an incentive for autonomous civilian participation in crime control.
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Частини книг з теми "Criminal statistics Victoria"

1

Goldman, Lawrence. "Buckle’s Fatal History." In Victorians and Numbers, 197–210. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847744.003.0011.

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Анотація:
This chapter examines one of the literary sensations of the mid-Victorian era, The History of Civilisation in England, written by Henry Thomas Buckle. Two volumes were published in 1857 and 1861, though the work was unfinished at the time of Buckle’s early death in 1862. Indeed, he had hardly begun to write about specifically English History. The work is famous for its opening chapters which argued, on the basis of social statistical regularities, that a scientific history was possible. Because birth, death, and marriage rates were steady year by year, and because rates of even criminal behaviour were also roughly invariable, Buckle jumped to the conclusion that human behaviour was predictable. History itself, rather than a collection of random events thrown together into a narrative, could be understood as the stately unfolding of clear and certain patterns in which superstition and religion were gradually surpassed by reason and science. Buckle’s ideas were strongly influenced by Adolphe Quetelet and the French sociologist Auguste Comte. But he had misunderstood the implications of the so-called Law of Large Numbers, and, over time, his deterministic approach was criticized and shown to be false by both historians and philosophers. By the 1880s Buckle was no longer fashionable, but had found many devotees among working-class autodidacts and socialists across Britain, Europe and the United States who were attracted to historical determinism, whether in a Marxist or some other guise.
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