Дисертації: "Criminal behavior – united states"

1

Kirkpatrick, Bonnie Lavonne High. "Cognitive restructuring : effects on recidivism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027089.

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The purpose of this baseline study was to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive restructuring program in reducing recidivism of offenders under supervision in a communitybased setting. The study also sought to determine the relationships between three outcomes (no recidivism within one year of release from the community-based supervised setting, violation of Home Detention requirements resulting in incompleteness of court ordered supervision, and recidivism within one year of release from Home Detention) and risk predictor variables including hours of participation in a cognitive restructuring program (Criminal Intervention), gender, race, age, previous criminal history, educational attainment, and history of substance abuse.The population of the study included offenders under sentence of community-based supervision during a two-year period from November, 1992 to October, 1994. One group of 297 offenders participated in the cognitive restructuring intervention program; another group of 346 offenders did not participate. Chi-square analyses based in contingency tables determined statistical significance of the categorical variables, and stepwise discriminant analysis was utilized to create a model that best differentiated between three outcome groups.When using 16 predictor variables, the results of discriminant analyses indicated that outcomes between groups could be differentiated by a function that accounted for 94% of the variability between groups and resulted in no statistically significant residual discriminations. Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated only modest correlations between the variables, and chi-square analyses resulted in the rejection of seven out of ten hypotheses concerning outcome and the categorical risk variables.Two important findings relating to the treatment program, Criminal Intervention, were found. Post-release recidivism of offenders was reduced by 7%. However, offenders participating in the treatment program were terminated from supervision due to violations of the conditions for that supervision at an additional rate of 10% over the nonparticipating violators. The review of the literature and research findings confirmed that individual differences were important to successful rehabilitation; therefore, appropriate matching between intervention program and offender risk and need was warranted. Follow up studies, comprehensive offender assessments, and development, utilization, and validation of a comprehensive risk assessment tool was recommended for future research.
Department of Educational Leadership

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2

Hahn, Fox Bryanna. "Developing and testing a profile of American burglars using statistical analyses and scientific methods : a new approach to offender profiling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648401.

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3

LEWIS, ROBERT W. "REFRAMING INTENTIONS UNDERLYING RAPE BEHAVIOR WITH OFFENDERS INCARCERATED FOR RAPE (SEXUAL ASSAULT, NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMING, RORSCHACH, AROUSED AGGRESSION)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183777.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NLP Reframing as a means of decreasing sexual response when aggression is aroused by a female with incarcerated rape offenders. The process of reframing involves a redirection of the positive intentions underlying rape behavior by associating new acceptable and nonviolent behaviors to the same intention. The paradoxical nature of this method allows for measurement of newly acquired behavior, a decrease in the maladaptive behavior (rape) or a decrease in some representation of the maladaptive behavior. In this study, a representation was created by arousing the aggression level of the participants toward a female followed by measurement of sexual response as measured by the Sexual Imagery Levels 1 and 3 of the Rorschach. A post-test only control group design was utilized. The sample for this study included 26 rape offenders incarcerated at the Arizona Correctional Training Center in Tucson. Participants ranged from 18 to 28 years of age and had a mean age of 23.33 years; had a mean I.Q. of 112.71 on the Culture Fair Intelligence Test and included 13 Anglos, 7 Mexican Americans, 4 Blacks, and 2 Native Americans. Data analysis for hypotheses testing involved ANCOVA with the total number of responses on the Rorschach being the covariate. Significant results beyond the .05 level of confidence were obtained on one of the two directional hypotheses (Sexual Imagery Level 3), suggesting that reframing rape behavior using the NLP method with incarcerated rape offenders may be effective in decreasing sexual response at a more symbolic level.

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4

Fetter, Mark Lawson. "The criminal behavior and motivations behind McVeigh's decision to bomb the Murrah Federal Building." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2251.

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5

Ferrelli, Erica Jean. "A New Low in Getting High: Illegal Drug Use and Crime." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1123.

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The current research analyzed the relationship between methamphetamine use, cocaine use and marijuana use within the last 12 months and crime committed within the last 12 months. Crime is defined as drug sales, property and violent crime. The research design is a quantitative approach which uses secondary data analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to provide evidence toward the research question; does illegal drug use increase the risk of committing a crime?The public access, 2008 Wave III data results of this nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 through 12 in the US in the 1994-95 school year was used for analysis. Methamphetamine use was associated with an increased risk of committing all crime, only until cocaine use was controlled for. Once cocaine use was controlled for, methamphetamine use became non-significant. Cocaine use and marijuana use were significant and associated with an increased use of committing a crime.

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6

Butler, Colleen. "Intercultural conflict styles in the criminal justice system and the implications for intercultural interventions." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/756.

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This thesis explored the communication and conflict style contrasts between criminal justice professionals and African American defendants that can interfere with the equitable administration of justice in the criminal justice system in Dane County, Wisconsin. The focus of this research was on the potential conflict style contrasts between criminal justice professionals and African Americans because the racial disparity in the incarceration rate was greatest for African Americans. This research project began from the premise that the racial incarceration rate disparity was caused in part by differences in cultural conflict and communication styles, and it explored the intersection of power differentials and cultural conflict and communication style differentials. The study employed the Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory, courtroom observations, and two focus groups. One focus group was composed of professionals in the criminal justice system from Dane County, Wisconsin, and the other of African Americans who have been impacted negatively by this system. All findings were used to develop specific training recommendations to help criminal justice professionals to understand conflict and communication style preferences with the intention of decreasing the disparate treatment of members of the African American community. The combined research strategies suggested that the primary culture of the criminal justice system was consistent with European American cultural preferences for low-context, direct, and emotionally restrained communication and conflict styles, which contrasts with the general preference of the African American culture for a more emotionally expressive engagement style. While this research did not specifically indicate that intercultural miscommunication directly impacts the equitable distribution of justice in Dane County, it did suggest that cultural contrasts may be one variable contributing to the inequitable distribution of justice.

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7

Candelaria, Jacob. "Europe, the United States, and the international criminal court." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FCandelaria.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Daniel Moran, James Armstead. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.

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8

Langsam, Adam H. "Juvenile Substance Abuse and Criminal Career Continuity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2631/.

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The issue of juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity has become a nationwide concern in the last 3 decades. Social scientists and policymakers alike are concerned with the plausible relationship between juvenile drug abuse and adult crimes of high seriousness. This study represents an effort to examine the connection between juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity. This study has been conducted to examine the life course of the individual. The data came from Lyle Shannon's longitudinal study of the relationship between juvenile delinquency and adult crime in three birth cohorts from the city of Racine, Wisconsin The traditional social control approach toward reducing the likelihood of criminal career continuity is deterrence. The deterrence model asserts that people engage in certain kinds of behavior only after rational calculation of the costs versus the benefits. People who obey the law strive for the rewards of conformity and try to avoid the costs of criminal behavior. The threat of punishment increases the potential costs of breaking the law. Punishment is one sanction inducing such compliance. It must be realized, however, that deterrence does not have a linear effect across all types of offenders. The degree of deterrent effect on future criminal activity is often mitigated by the circumstances unique to an individual. The offender who is involved with drug abuse and the lifestyle that surrounds it best exemplifies this situation. This way of life diminishes the effectiveness of official deterrence techniques to an extent, because drug abuse is a biopsychosocial problem. In this study, the researcher pursued a number of concerns dealing with the question of whether juveniles who are delinquents and drug users are more likely to commit crimes as adults. The focus was on the juvenile recidivist and the juvenile drug user. The results indicate that those juveniles having a contact with the police are more likely to have a criminal career than are those who do not. Furthermore, those juveniles having a police contact for drugs are far more likely to commit crimes of high seriousness in adulthood than are those juveniles having police contact for non-drug crimes. In an analysis of sanctions, the results support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction are less likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than those who received no sanction. In addition, the empirical findings support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction for a drug crime are more likely to commit an adult crime of high seriousness than are those juveniles who received a non-drug sanction. This result is likely due to the biopsycosocial nature of drug abuse. The results do not support the hypothesis that juvenile drug distributors are more likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than are consumers. Also, the results suggest that there is no support for the hypothesis that juveniles who used hard drugs are more likely to commit adult crimes of high seriousness than are those who used marijuana only. These results suggest that once a juvenile is in the drug web, he/she becomes an active participant in a network of criminal activity.

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9

Hsieh, Kuo-Hsing. "Exclusionary rule of evidence in the United Kingdom, United States and China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6183.

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If there is any fixed star in our constitutional and criminal procedure constellation, it is that torture is illegal and torture-introduced evidence is inadmissible. The purposes of this research are to (1) assess the exclusionary rule in the United Kingdom and United States; (2) explore the theoretical constitutional foundation of the rule; and (3) establish the Chinese exclusionary rule. Currently, there is no exclusionary rule explicitly in the Chinese Code of Criminal Procedure. If the wrongful conviction of the innocent is a pressing issue in China today, police torture is the flashpoint. Police torture in China is the prevalent evil not the isolated anecdote. This thesis combines diagnosis and prescription – the problem of police torture in China and the solution of the exclusionary rule. The ultimate goal of the research is to find a suitable exclusionary rule for China to solve the serious problem of police torture and wrongdoing. At the level of theory, my exclusionary rule framework is grounded in the separation of powers. Previous research about the separation of powers doctrine has focused almost entirely on constitutional law and political theory. They completely ignored the special role that the doctrine plays in the criminal justice system, a role consisting of the exercise of a reviewing function to ensure executive compliance with the criminal law. Separation of powers is a core component of the constitution’s system of checks and balances, a system in which each branch of the government is endowed with a constitutional control over the others. Without any judicial supervision or due process, the potential for arbitrary enforcement is high. The alternatives to the exclusionary rule are mainly illusory and of no practical avail. Past history also demonstrates that the very idea of protecting the defendant’s right is completely empty unless it is linked to an efficient mechanism. China grants the police too much power and has too little judicial supervision over police investigations. It creates imbalance in the existing Chinese criminal justice system. It is such an imbalance and the lack of separation of powers in the criminal justice system that poses a significant and growing threat for the protection of defendants’ rights.

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10

Schmidt, Conrad Peter. "Friend or foe? bureaucratic behavior and acquisition reform in the U.S. Army /." Santa Monica, CA : Rand, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=94zfAAAAMAAJ.

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11

Larnefeldt, Anna. "The United States and the International Criminal Court : An Identity Approach." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2505.

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The aim of this thesis is to understand the reasons behind the decision of the United States to stand in opposition to the International Criminal Court. This policy seems to contradict the United States'leading role in international justice and commitment to universal human rights. The opposition to the ICC presents an apparent contradiction between principles and interests, and provokes the question of what role power, identity and principles play in the formation of national interest.

The author reviews the concept of national interest in International Relations theory. It is found that only a constructivist identity approach takes account of both power and identity in the formation of national interest. The constructivist identity approach presents the concept of national interest as endogenous to social interaction and linked to identity. National interest is thus not seen as an objective analytical concept from which one can derive and explain rational behavior by rational actors, but as the very phenomenon that we are trying to understand. This theoretical framework is firmly located in an understanding tradition.

In the search for an understanding of why the United States’ decision-makers considered opposition to the ICC to be in the national interest of the United States, role theory serves as a method. The empirical part of this thesis consists of analysis of speeches and statements, and of role conceptions found therein.

The results of this approach show that the apparent contradiction between principles and interests does not exist. The reason why the behavior examined appears to be contradictory is that the spectator lets his or her own expectations of behavior appropriate for a certain belief or a certain role conception stand as a guide. The only way we can understand the reasons behind a given behavior is by looking at the actors’ view of the problem and what beliefs and role conceptions come into play for the actors when they face a foreign policy issue.

The analysis makes it clear that the United States views its behavior as contradictory neither to its principles, nor to its perceived roles. Instead, it is the roles of the United States, the sources of which include both principles and capabilities, that are the reasons behind the policy.

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12

Ferrell, Emily Lauren. "Disordered Eating Behavior Among United States Military Personnel." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1552056638682163.

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13

Aceves, Gabriela. "An analysis of plea bargaining." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/744.

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14

Gonzales, Jose. "The relevance of retention behavior in the development of accession strategy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FGonzales.pdf.

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15

Sen, Osman N. "Criminal Justice Responses to Emerging Computer Crime Problems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2866/.

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This study discussed the issue of computer crime as it relates to the criminal justice system, specifically law enforcement. The information was gathered through several books, academic journals, governmental documents, and the Internet. First, the nature and forms of computer crime, Internet crime, and cyber terrorism were analyzed. Next, law enforcement responses were discussed. International aspects of the problem were separately pointed out. Further, detection and investigation of computer crime were examined. Problems related to the each component of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, investigators, prosecutors, and judges) were described. Specific solutions to these problems were offered. In addition, computer crime handling procedures were presented. Results indicate that computer crime will increase in the 21st century, and this problem cannot be controlled by traditional methods alone. Using new technology as preventive measures, and increasing awareness and security conscious culture will prevent the problem in the long run.

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16

Schopp, Robert Francis. "Actions, reasoning, and criminal liability: Philosophical and psychological foundations of criminal responsibility." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184787.

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Contemporary American Criminal Law, as represented by the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code, defines the structure of criminal offenses in a manner that establishes certain psychological processes of the defendant as necessary conditions for criminal liability. In order to convict a defendant, the state must prove all offense elements including the voluntary act and culpability requirements. These provisions involve the actor's psychological processes, but neither the exact nature of these requirements nor the relationship between them is clearly understood. Certain general defenses, such as automatism and insanity, also address the defendant's psychological processes. It has been notoriously difficult, however, to develop a satisfactory formulation of either of these defenses or of the relationship between them and the system of offense elements. This dissertation presents a conceptual framework that grounds the Model Penal Code's structure of offense elements in philosophical action theory. On this interpretation, the offense requirements that involve the defendant's psychological processes can be understood as part of an integrated attempt to establish the criminal law as a behavior guiding institution that is uniquely appropriate to those who have the capacity to direct their conduct through a process of practical reasoning. The key offense requirements are designed to limit criminal liability to those behaviors that are appropriately attributed to the offender as a practical reasoner. Certain general defenses, including insanity, exculpate defendants when their behavior is not attributable to them as practical reasoners as a result of certain types of impairment that are not addressed by the offense elements. This conceptual framework provides a consistent interpretation of the relevant offense elements and defenses as part of an integrated system that limits criminal liability to those acts that are appropriately attributable to the defendant in his capacity as a practical reasoner. In addition, this dissertation contends that this system reflects a defensible conception of personal responsibility.

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17

Bhagwat, Tanya A. "Relationship between Fortune 500 companies with regulatory violations and/or criminal offenses and resulting stock values." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12083/.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether publicly disclosed violations by U.S corporations, resulting in convictions or settlements, erode shareholder investment in the offending organizations. This study was designed to assess whether or not the shareholders' reactions to corporations' violations were related to a decline in organizations' stock valuations across sectors. In addition, this study attempted to assess whether or not shareholder support, expressed by stock prices, declined more after a corporation was prosecuted or reached a settlement for violations, as compared to corporations that disclosed earnings disappointments. Also, this study investigated the stock prices of violating corporations compared to the non-offending corporations from within the same business sector, as well as considered the percentage decline for repeat offenders for violation two compared to violation one. Opposite to hypothesis, results showed that stock prices for the violating companies were significantly greater 12 months after the violation compared to the other months and no significant differences in percent decline between the eight sectors on any of the five decline measures. There were also no differences between violating companies and their matched companies. Companies with a violation had significantly greater stock prices overall than those without a violation.

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18

Zhang, Feng. "Price Behavior of Paper and Paperboard Industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7266.

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This paper presents a model of the probability of price response to the previous periods inventory absolute and relative level for U.S. paper and paperboard industry. The initial part of the paper contains a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon. The proposed framework indicates that the inventory level plays an important leading role in the price adjustment. The model is then estimated with monthly data extending from 1980 to 1999. The LPM and Probit models are used to estimate the effect of absolute and relative inventory level on the probability of price variations. The estimated results are in agreement with the oligopolistic market condition of U.S. paper and paperboard industry, showing the price upward adjustment is sticker and rigid than the price downward adjustment while the output level is indifferent to the previous months inventory fluctuation.

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19

Monaco, Jason T. "Oceans apart : the United States, the European Union, and the International Criminal Court." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FMonaco.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Daniel Moran, David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-102). Also available online.

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20

Miller, Craig G. "The case for the extension of United States extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over civilians associated with the United States military in foreign jurisdictions /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA395152.

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21

Grunig, Stephen Douglas. "A model of donor behavior for law school alumni." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186529.

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Past higher education fund-raising studies examining alumni giving across several institutions have had two main limitations. First, the multitude of independent variables used in these studies has made it difficult to determine whether past studies have discovered many different factors that influence levels of alumni gift revenue, or whether they have discovered a few common factors that have been represented by different sets of variables in each study. Second, past studies have failed to adequately describe causal mechanisms through which variables significantly related to gift revenue influence levels of gift revenue. The current study addresses the aforementioned limitations in creating an aggregate model of donor behavior for law school alumni. The study examines alumni giving at 41 ABA-approved law schools. The results indicate that four basic factors account for most (87 percent) of the variance in amounts of alumni annual fund revenue among different law schools. The four factors, listed in order of importance and shown with the variables that load highly on each factor, are the following: Factor l--"Institutional Quality" (variables are average LSAT scores of accepted law students; reputation of law school among professors at other law schools; reputation of law school's graduates among judges and practicing lawyers; average starting salaries of new graduates of the law school; total number of volumes in law library; number of volumes in law library divided by FTE enrollment;). Factor 2--"Institutional Size" (variables are: FTE law school enrollment; number of living law school alumni; number of FTE law faculty; total number of law school advancement staff people). Factor 3--"Relative Advancement Effort" (variables are: number of law school advancement staff people divided by number of living law school alumni; number of law school reunion classes solicited for special gifts each year). Factor 4--"Institutional Age" (variables are: age of law school; age of law school's parent institution). Differences between the factor structures for public and private law schools are examined. The study suggests possible causal mechanisms through which these four factors influence the amount of alumni gift revenue raised by each law school.

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22

Arredondo, Christina Marlene. "The affects [sic] of behavior on celebrity image." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2627.

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23

Choi, Seok Joon. "Three essays on agent behavior in United States housing market." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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24

Reeves, Jeffery G. "The United States sheep industry : producer behavior and supply response /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020159/.

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25

Orbea, Therese B. "Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Sexual Education in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/5.

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This review of sexual education in the United States broadly defines the two most common approaches in sexual education seen in this country today. I cover the status of certain sexual behaviors and risks amongst the teenage population in the U.S. and specifically cover reported sexual activity in high school students and overall data on teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This work specifically looks at Maine, California, Texas, Maryland, North Carolina, and New Mexico to highlight the variety of state policies concerning sexual education and the differences in teenage sexual behaviors that exist within each of those six states. A description of how cultural influences can affect a young person’s sexual behavior is also given. In the final discussion section of this paper I have emphasized the need for more comprehensive sexual education programs in the United States and the importance of providing culturally sensitive programs in order to continue the fight against teenage pregnancy and STI rates in adolescents.

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26

Guilfoyle, Michael Hoag 1946. "Indians and criminal justice administration: The failure of the criminal justice system for the American Indian." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291683.

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The criminal justice administration has failed the American Indian. Since the usurpation of traditional tribal criminal justice management by the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems, the impacts of Indian crime have become epidemic. The American Indian has the highest arrest rates, alcohol-related crime, violent-related crime, and conviction rates of any group in the United States. Indians are 15% less likely to receive deferred sentences, and 15% less likely to receive parole. In addition, the Indian offender has the highest recidivism rate of any ethnic group in the United State. This paper discusses the problems of Indians in the criminal justice system at the adult and juvenile level. As recommendations it stresses the empowering of the Indian community, the greater autonomy of tribal courts, the concepts of alternative sentencing programs for Indian offenders, treatment as justice, and the idea that Indian people can take charge of this problem and do a better job in addressing their relatives.

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27

Marshall, David Herman. "The Marine Corps subculture." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1145.

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This thesis analyzes the subculture within the United States Marine Corps. It attempts to bring the traditional literature of criminal subculture and the subculture of violence together with literature of occupational subculture to explain many of the behaviors exhibited by Marines.

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28

Bergin, Tiffany. "Criminal justice policy diffusion : an examination of the spread and contraction of correctional boot camps in the United States." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609712.

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29

O'Bryhim, Jason. "Public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards sharks and shark conservation." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4571.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 127. Thesis director: Chris Parsons. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126). Also issued in print.

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30

STAFFORD, JOSHUA TAKA. "THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND THE UNITED STATES: DISPELLING THE FEAR SURROUNDING U.S. RATIFICATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613630.

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In this day of rapid technological development and the resulting increase in globalization, there has been a call to reassess the judicial mechanisms we have in place. A sense of universal responsibility prompted the international community to establish the International Criminal Court (ICC) in order to promote global peace and security. The ICC is a judicial institution that seeks to prosecute individuals responsible for war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity. However, the United States has yet to become a member; a controversial decision that has polarized political and legal scholars. Issues of state sovereignty, possible prosecution of U.S. military personnel, constitutional incompatibility, and others have been raised to argue against U.S. ratification. Upon extensive research concerning the ICC in its relationship with the US, the author of this paper has concluded that the U.S. would benefit from joining the ICC. Starting from the basic history and structure concerning the ICC, this paper will then delve into the various arguments offered by the opponents of U.S. involvement as well as the counter-arguments of its advocates.

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31

Ali, Ahmed Palh Baker Iljas. "United states' opposition to the international criminal court : a legal and political-cultural analysis /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd418/4837949.pdf.

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32

Aaby, Makenzie Laron. "An Assessment of Sentencing Disparities among American Indians within the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Federal Circuit Courts." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4459.

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Assessing the effect of race on crime is an important topic of criminology and criminal justice research. Prior investigations have sought to uncover if racial disparities exist within certain aspects of the criminal justice system, such as arrests, trials, and sentencing. The existing scholarship, however, has largely focused on assessing differences between Black and Hispanic offenders in relation to White offenders. There has been little academic exploration to examine if racial disparities exist among American Indian offenders during criminal justice processing. To address this gap in knowledge, this study analyzes data collected from the United States Sentencing Commission to assess if American Indians receive different sentencing outcomes, when compared to other racial groups. The findings from a series of binary logistic and ordinary least square regression analyses suggest that American Indians are sentenced to prison more often than White, Black, and Hispanic offenders, but receive similar sentence lengths compared to Whites and shorter sentence lengths compared to Blacks and Hispanics. The implications of these results are discussed.

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33

Robinson, Marquice. "A Case Study of Overcrowding in a County Jail in the Southeast United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5412.

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For the past several decades, the county jail in a large metropolitan city in the southeast United States has been overcrowded, which has resulted in violence within the jail, excessive costs to the Sheriff's Office, and a requirement of Federal oversight of the jail from 2005 to 2015. In spite of these events, little is understood about why jail overcrowding is prevalent in the county and what impacts overcrowding may have on the communities around the jail. Using Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory as the foundation, the purpose of this case study was to understand the unique circumstances around in the geographic region that may contribute to overcrowding in order to avoid the risk of future federal government intervention. Data were collected through interviews with jail administrators and staff, commissioners, and judges. Additionally, publicly available data related to the operations of the jail were collected. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings identified the primary causes of overcrowding to include increases in the number of correctional clients with mental health problems, increases in the number of youthful offenders, and deficiencies in capacity at the primary jail facility that has not kept pace with population changes in the county. Positive social change implications include recommendations to jail administrators and lawmakers to use statutory authority to alleviate some of the problems in and around the jail facility. These recommendations may reduce the financial and legal risk for the county and promote public safety both within and outside the jail.

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Grant, Jacqueline. "The Lived Experiences of African-American Male Exoffenders in the Northeast United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6030.

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Discrimination, racism, and class bias affects the accessibility of resources available to African American males who are exoffenders. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of African American, male exoffenders' ability to access resources postincarceration. Guided by Bell and Freeman's critical race theory, a purposeful sample of 6 African American, male exoffenders were recruited from 2 reentry programs in the Northeast United States. A semistructured interview approach was employed to examine the life history, details of experience, and reflection on the meaning of the lived experience from the participants. The modified Stevick, Colaizzi, and Keen method of analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Seven themes emerged that included the stigma of a criminal record, lack of resources, good family support, the importance of employment, accountability, responsibility, lack of education, and the environment that can impact the success or failure of an exoffender's reentry. Policymakers in the criminal justice system can change the current policy that underestimates the extent to which the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 has affected the resources that African American, male exoffenders need to reintegrate into society. The positive social change implication is that service providers can use the results of this study to better serve the needs of African American, male exoffenders as they transition from prison into society.

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Fiorini, John Carl. "Subconscious Influences: The Leopold-Loeb Case and the Development of an American Criminal Archetype." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626492.

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36

Whitehead, Daniel K. "An historical study of a criminal defendant's right to exculpatory information under the protection of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033641.

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This study has presented a comprehensive historical overview of the context and significance of a, criminal defendants constitutional right to due process of law. The evidence suggests that, in many circumstances, a criminal defendant is not being afforded our most basic constitutional guarantee of fairness and justice for allOne of the primary objectives of this study was to develop a working definition for journalists to better understand the fundamental concepts of a defendants right to exculpatory evidence during criminal proceedings.Since 1791, the Supreme Court has had to continually broaden a criminal defendants right to exculpatory information. In case after case, a similar fad pattern has shown that pauper criminal defendants with court appointed attorneys having to compete against state or federal prosecutors with unlimited investigative and legal research funding This disparity is further compounded when the state or government prosecutors define to turn over information or evidence which could help the defendants case.Further analysis identified other problem areas within the scope of due process which deserve significant attention such as: the grand jury process, plea-bargains, probable cause warrants, and post-conviction hearings.
Department of Journalism

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Bouressa, Andrea Kelly. "Conspicuous Consumption and American Political Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4817/.

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The following premise is based on the ideas of social theorists who have contributed to understanding the importance of image in society. This proposal argues that political participation is susceptible to exploitation in the form of conspicuous consumption as defined by Thorstein Veblen. The analyses that follow will test the degree to which Americans who demonstrate more traditional forms of conspicuous consumption also tend to show more activity in political venues. While the correlation of these two variables is not sufficient to demonstrate cause and effect, it may be significant enough to attract more researchers to this question: are Americans using political involvement to positively influence the way that their social status is perceived by others?

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Dwyer, Richard Gregg. "Informal learning in the police subculture: a case study of probationary special agents of a federal criminal investigative agency." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38629.

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39

Cakmak, Yasar. "The value of the 1999 USMC retention survey in explaining the factors that influence Marines' subsequent stay/leave behavior." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FCakmak.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Susan Page Hocevar, Kathryn M. Kocher. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-110). Also available online.

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Gustin, Mary Elizabeth. "The intention to purchase a night's stay in a hotel: an empirical test of the Hines' model of responsible environmental behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40042.

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This study was approached with a desire to move forward the body of knowledge concerning environmental research as it pertains to the hospitality industry. The endeavor was undertaken with the belief that concern and awareness about the environment is not a passing fad but a fundamental shift in society. In order for any business to survive it must keep up with changes and meet the demands of consumers. The research efforts in this study were aimed at establishing the validity and reliability of a consumer behavior model specifically related to environmental behavior. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate a consumer's intention to stay in a hotel based on the environmental strategies used by that hotel. Hines (1984) developed a conceptual environmental consumer behavior model based on a meta-analysis of literature on environmentally responsible behavior. Hines' conceptual Model of Responsible Environmental Behavior utilized knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personal responsibility and locus of control to predict environmental behavior. The goal of this study was to empirically test an adapted version of Hines' Model of Responsible Environmental Behavior. This adapted version utilized knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-efficacy to predict consumers' intentions to purchase a night's stay in a hotel. Canonical correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between intention and each of the variables (knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-efficacy) in Hines' model. The multivariate test of significance revealed that each variable had a positive relationship to intention to purchase. The Hines' Model of Responsible Environmental Behavior was more useful in predicting consumers' intention to purchase a night's stay in a particular hotel than each variable individually. The model tested in this study has laid the foundation for developing a sound environmentally responsible consumer behavior model. The research findings suggest that a hotel implementing environmental strategies can increase business for that hotel.
Ph. D.

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41

Connaughton, Katharine G. "The Political Implications of Felon Disenfranchisement Laws in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1285.

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This empirical study analyzes the political implications for presidential election outcomes that stem from varying felon disenfranchisement laws within the United States. In the past decade incarceration rates have drastically increased, consequently augmenting the disenfranchised population. This paper focuses on presidential election outcomes and state political party majorities in the election years 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012. I use demographic characteristics to calibrate assumptions for voter turnout and political party choice among the disenfranchised populations within each state. I then apply these voting populations to historical election outcomes and find that three state political party outcomes change, as well as the potential for a reversal in the 2000 presidential election. I also apply the estimated voting populations by state to an entirely Republican turnout and then to an entirely Democratic turnout to analyze the scope of the disenfranchised population and find that under these assumptions several states’ political party majorities and several election outcomes are reversed.

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Imlay, Jamie Ann. "Effective Behavior Interventions and Strategies in United States of America (USA) Classrooms." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1103316971.

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Imlay, Jamie A. "Effective behavior interventions and strategies in United States of America (USA) classrooms /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1103316971.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2004.
Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Curriculum and Instruction." Bibliography: leaves 97-110.

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Singer, Thomas Edward. "Law enforcement officers killed and assaulted, 1960-1987: A descriptive analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/712.

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45

Gregory, Amanda Louise. "Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in adolescent psychopathy neuropsychological function, violent behavior, and MRI volumetrics /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3032405.

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46

Dunaway, Johanna. "Changing Ideological Boots: Adaptive Legislator Behavior in Changing Districts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3254/.

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Congressional roll-call votes are often used to investigate legislative voting behavior. To depict adaptive roll-call behavior in response to demographic changes that occur during redistricting, I use issue specific interest group scores from the ADA, NFU, and COPE. This exploits the bias in the selection of the issues that interest groups utilize to rate U.S. representatives, by using them to reflect changes in response to significant demographic fluctuations in the constituency population. The findings indicate that while party is the most significant factor in whether legislators adapt their voting in favor of certain groups, they do notice group composition changes within district and adapt their voting accordingly. This illustrates the impact of redistricting on policy and legislators' adaptation to changes in district composition.

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Lewis, Ted Adam. "The Effect of American Political Party on Electoral Behavior: an Application of the Voter Decision Rule to the 1952-1988 Presidential Elections." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503830/.

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The purpose of this study is to examine two major psychological determinants of the vote in presidential elections - candidate image and party orientation. The central thesis of this study is that candidate image, as measured here, has been a greater determinant of electoral choice in the majority of presidential elections since 1952 than has party orientation. One of the vices as well as virtues of a democratic society is that the people often get what they want. This is especially true in the case of electing our leaders. Political scientists have often concentrated their efforts on attempting to ascertain why people vote as they do. Studies have been conducted focusing on the behavior of voters in making that important decision-who should govern?

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Montoya, Martin Dale. "The methodological risk of relying on official statistics to construct crime and other deviancy rates /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095264.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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McGonigle, Brianne Nora. "The journey of international human rights law: a path leading to an international criminal court and the United States' role in its progression." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27718.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Olen, Kathleen. "Employee Satisfaction Factors in Administrative and Executive Assistants in the United States." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10615992.

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This mixed methods research was designed to explore the factors that most impact the job satisfaction of contemporary Administrative and Executive Assistants in the United States. As part of a convergent parallel analysis, quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews were collected to correlate cognitive and affective results for an in-depth analysis. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to examine 20 different factors of job satisfaction. Three sets of data were collected: current levels of job satisfaction for each factor, self-ranked lists of the factors indicating which factors are most-to-least important to respondents, and frequency with which factors were discussed by participants in the interviews. Anecdotal information from the interviews provided context to the data sets. The most impactful factors for this employee group were intrinsic factors, identified to be: Co-Workers, Ability Utilization, Achievement, and Responsibility. It was also reported that Responsibility acts as an antecedent factor to both Ability Utilization and Achievement. The least impactful factor was an extrinsic one: Working Conditions, while other factors that were identified to be low-impact require more research to validate. Three actionable recommendations were proposed for organizations as they seek to hire and retain administrative talent, and several related research topics were proposed.

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