Дисертації з теми "Crédits budgétaires et dépenses – France (2020)"
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Garlanda-Longueville, Lorenzo. "Fiscalité bancaire, politique monétaire et annonces budgétaires : trois essais en économie bancaire et financière internationale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100145.
This thesis is part of the general field of international financial macroeconomics, and more specifically of international banking and financial economics. Its aim is to analyze the allocation of bank debt and assets, with a particular focus on monetary policy. In this way, we highlight the specific nature of banking activities in these territories, namely the extensive use of internal debt, particularly when the debtor is highly taxed.In our first chapter, we first document the process of banking globalization, highlighting the surge in cross-border banking activities since the 1980s. We then show that OFCs, which account for a negligible share of global GDP, hold over 20% of cross-border banking assets, making them the largest banking system in the world. By mobilizing international data on these territories for the first time, we are able to show how the geographical location of cross-border intra-group outstandings is neither random, nor based on underlying economic exchanges. In particular, we present evidence of the disproportionate weight of certain jurisdictions in the location of cross-border intra-group outstandings of major banking systems: this disproportion is measured by comparing the distribution of intra-group outstandings by creditor tax rate quintiles with the distribution of inter-group outstandings.Our second chapter documents the evolution of international amount outstandings between China and Hong Kong, reflecting their banking integration. Through a variety of monetary policy variables, we assess the impact of Chinese monetary shocks on Hong Kong cross-border create loans. Our results indicate that a large part of the decline in the level of outstandings, observed as early as 2015, can be attributed to the People's Bank of China's accommodative monetary policy and its direct consequence: the narrowing of the spread between Chinese rates and those of advanced countries. We explain this development by yield-seeking behavior on the part of international banks resident in Hong Kong. Furthermore, in line with recent literature on the transmission of Chinese monetary policy, we show that the latter now operates fully within a market interest rate logic and no longer through purely quantitative instruments (quotas, credit control and reserve requirements), which were its hallmark in the 1990s and early 2000s. Finally, we compare these results with the monetary policy transmission of the hegemon, the United States. The latter indicate that the effect of Chinese monetary policy on Hong Kong's international banking assets is stronger than that of Fed policy.In our 3rd chapter, we propose to apply the idea of fiscal forward guidance to the French framework and measure the effect of President Emmanuel Macron's announcements during the COVID crisis on French financial markets. Distinguishing between the effect of press releases or leaks about future announcements and the effects specific to the announcements themselves, we show how each impacts i) the French equity market and ii) the sovereign spreads between France and Germany. We also show that the addresses and the announcement of those addresses have mixed effects on the volatility of our two indicators. Our results suggest that communication by fiscal policy-makers has an overall positive effect and can help reassure financial markets, while promoting strong fiscal support policies in times of uncertainty
Dussart, Vincent. "L'autonomie financière des pouvoirs publics constitutionnels : éléments pour une théorie de l'autonomie financière constitutionnelle." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL20012.
Since 1789, the financial system of constitutionnal public authorities has been obeying exceptionnal rules to the financial common law. It must be noticed that there is a perfect form of financial autonomy which is applicable to the different constitutionnal institutions. This particular financial autonomy is the fruit of a slow historical evolution which has allowed the parliamentary assemblies and head of state to free themselves from the traditionnal rules of the budgetary law and from the standard accounding law. Theoretically this financial autonomy is based on an unrecognized application of the separation of the powers. Under the fifth republic, the parliamentary assemblies, the presidency of the republic, the constitutionnal council, the economic and social council, the court of justice of the republic enjoy an important financial autonomy. It expresses itself in the elaboration and the executioin of grants and in particular inspections which are exercised over this execution
Yun, Kwang-Jai. "Les relations financières entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales : Etude comparée France-Corée du sud." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020022.
Ancelot, Lydie. "L'analyse économique du plaider coupable : application à la procédure française de comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20004/document.
In 2004, the french plea bargaining called the Comparution sur Reconnaissance Préalable de Culpabilité (CRPC) is introduced. With vocation to be faster and less expensive than a lawsuit, it has as the ambition to reduce the number of cases on correctional courts. Since its enforcement, there have been reserves to apply this process. The main fear is to see French justice slipping towards drifts similar to those known in the United States. Many interrogations raised concerning its effectiveness and its equity have been renewed recently by the proposal of the Leger committee to extend its application to crimes. We seek to discuss the debate on the potentially undesirable effects of plea bargaining, in general, and of the CRPC, in particular. The economic analysis of plea bargaining proposed in this thesis has two objectives. The first objective is to examine how the sanction inflicted in plea bargaining can be effective to reduce the legal errors and/or to deterrence people to commit an offence. An original approach of the literature is carried out. In fact, we insist on two aspects of the effectiveness of plea bargaining : revelation of information and the deterrence. We thus highlight useful conclusions on the effectiveness of the CRPC in its current state of application and on its effects to await if its applicability is widened. In particular, the economic literature recommends to maintain a sentence sorrow to the judgement, to grant to the prosecutor a available budget and to introduce sentencing guidelines. These conclusion are opposed to the characteristics of plea bargaining : lightest sentence, decreasing the costs of justice and individualization of the sentence. The second objective of this thesis is to examine the equity of plea bargaining. Indeed, although the reproach of iniquity was frequently formulated in France and in the United States against this procedure, the economic literature did not study this question. In order to bring answers to the legal debates, two distinct analyses are carried out. First, we examine the impact of the fees system of the attorney on the sentence. We show that a two-speed justice is developed. Secondly, with a personal database, we discuss the CRPC equity using an econometric study. We highlight that the court plays an essential part in the type of sentence inflicted with the defendant
Provost, Jean-Jacques. "Le financement de la défense : aspects juridiques : la programmation militaire." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020115.
Defense financing is materialized by: - the annual finance law which has the status of a law. - the medium-range military programming law. - the long-range planification without any legal status. The "military programming law" which is born of the "programme law" is written in "credits de paiement" (payment credit) it has not the status of a law although it has a binding status. It is a norm of goals which assign the government to do anything in order to realize the financial estimates stated by the law
Lahille, Éric. "L'économique et le militaire : un essai d'interprétation et un exemple d'application à l'organisation industrielle." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010042.
Conan, Matthieu. "La non-obligation de dépenser." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100097.
This work sheds a new light on an issue usually presented as deriving from classic treasury rules. Some authors go as far as considering that the non-obligation to spend allocated budgets is a general principle of budgetary law. Others use this principle to give substance to new budgetary adjustment techniques which have appeared in the last decade. These diverging opinions nonetheless define a right to retain public spending, thereby leading to cancellation of fund allocations during or at the end- of a given fiscal year. This non-obligation is a feature of modern budgetary practice. It demonstrates a degree of economic intervention as well as a general trend toward wealth redistribution. During the last century, no such freedom existed; it appeared mainly under the influence of Jeze and Laferriere ca. 1910-1912. This non-obligation can hardly be construed as a general principle, nor indeed can it apply to all categories of spending (e. G. Debt servicing, government budget continuity). Any instance of non-spending should not be construed as an application of this right to refrain from spending. As early as the nineteenth century, credits have been cancelled simply in view of their amount. Nowadays, credits can be cancelled for the purpose of regulating cashflow. This prerogative, originally one enjoyed by each minister for organic reasons, is progressively taken up by the exchequer and even more, by the prime minister, who now have assumed powers quite beyond the scope of the ordinance of 2 january 1959
Rainaud, Philippe. "La transparence budgétaire : approche comparée des finances des collectivités locales, de l'Etat et de l'Union européenne." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3024.
Godek, Magdalena. "Les euro-obligations municipales en France : une source de financement des collectivités locales." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33020.
Levoyer, Loïc. "L'influence du droit communautaire sur le pouvoir financier du Parlement français." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT3016.
Boyer, Bénédicte. "La redistribution spatiale induite par les budgets publics locaux : le cas de la région Île-de-France." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120019.
The combined effects of the incidence of local public revenues and of public expenditures for the provision of local services are apt to produce important redistributions between individuals and areas. The decentralization process has given french regions new responsibilities regarding regional and local development, and we found particularly relevant to try and answer the question of the spatial impacts of the regional budget. The chosen case study for the method we propose is the region ile-de-france, and the results are given for fiscal years 1983 to 1985. The overall impact of these budgets on the eight departements which constitute ile-de-france clearly tends to reduce spatial inequalities in the area: the regional budget favors the poorer departements of the east vs. The west, and the less well-to-do suburbs vs. Well-off paris
Malizard, Julien. "Dépenses militaires et croissance économique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10057.
Military spending constitutes an important economic phenomenon because in 2010, 1630b dollar are affected to the defense sector all around the world. Economists are interested in the economic consequences of such spending. However, since 40 years, one has to note that there is no consensus from this literature. This absence leads to difficulties to formulate relevant economic policy conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to determine what are the causes of the diversity of results in the past literature. Two ways are then considered: on the one hand, a diversity of models with hypothesis diametrically opposed concerning the impact of the defense sector on economic growth and on the other hand, non-linear behavior which may modify this impact for a same model.This dissertation contains four chapters. In the first one, we detail a literature review in order to draw the principal regularities in terms of results for each theoretical model. The chapter two constitutes an empirical verification of the contingency of results from different models, for a sample of OECD countries. Our empirical strategy leads to consider the complementary rather than the competition between models. In the third chapter, we examine the non-linear phenomenon with original steps and empirical method. We show that non-linear regression outperforms linear regression and characterizes asymmetric effects of the military spending on growth. The last chapter aims to analyze the case of France in order to confirm the usefulness of the strategy developed in past chapters for raising economic policy recommendations
Strub, Philippe. "La renaissance de la marine française sous la quatrième république (1er janvier 1945-novembre 1953)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010518.
Rouge, Sandra. "La dimension fiscale de l'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10407.
The question of the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities was often studied in the light of a power of creation or tax modification which it under would tighten in their connection. The unit model of the State prevents however so that the territorial collectivities can profit from such a power. They must initially be entitled to exert it by the law, which remains the guardian of the tax, voluntarily and democratically agreed. They could not consequently be seen recognizing an initial normative tax autonomy, in favour which the constitutional text was not literally expressed besides (what the Constitutional council had the occasion to confirm in 2009). There it is a question more of protecting the integrity from the local financial system in front of a financial dispossession organized by the game of the decentralization. Within this framework, the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities is defined as the capacity of these last to ensure of the expenditure not legally forced. The exercise of this capacity supposes that the warranty is established that they are given resources which they can allocate to this expenditure. The role of the legislator then central in the efficiency of protection since it is with him that returns the determination of the local tax resource, only own local resource which can escape competence from the decentralized territorial collectivities. This narrow central dependence of the local tax system militates in favour of a realistic approach of the local tax which, if he obeys a systemic logic which is clean for him, cannot withdraw himself from his unit legal nature of tax, of its creation until its perception
Bédard, Richard. "Les finances de Paris sous la Restauration : une analyse quantitative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20988.
Kerouanton, Jean-Louis. "Investissement religieux et architecture en Maine-et-Loire : 1840-1940 : les églises paroissiales." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20019.
The rebuilding of parish churches is a phenomenon which particularly affects the west of France in the XIXth century. More than two third of Maine-et-Loire parishes, which confuse with Angers'diocese, are concerned by this rebuilding between 1840 and 1940. But it's in fact nearly the whole territory which is concerned all those works realised. This study, realised thanks to catalogue published by each parish, applies not only to the most important and large works campaigns but also to the most modest such as repairing or expansions. Then different actors, priests and architects, " fabriques ", towns, state, intervene with their complementarities or their oppositions. The geography taking shape not only takes care of the practical and religious attitudes, with a traditional eastern and western dichotomy in Maine-et- Loire. The geography leads up to a different logic which is more adapted to public and council equipments, answering to the population needs
Rauzier, Jean. "Finances et gestion d'une principauté au XIVème siècle : le duché de Bourgogne de Philippe le Hardi, 1364-1384." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040228.
During the period 1364-1384,when Philipp the Bold is only duke of Burgundy,we've gathered together in a sole and centralized accounting the accounts of the Recette générale de Bourgogne,of the Chambre aux deniers,of five bailiwicks,of fourty castellanies,of the gruerie,and some various particular accounts. .
Lefebvre, Maxime. "Union européenne : la fédération d'Etats-nations entre préférences nationales, jeux de puissance et coopération institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020007/document.
Beyond the debate on intergovernmentalism and the “communautarian method”, the positioning of the “Nation States” in Europe is a key factor determining the European construction and its compromises. Traditionnally analysed through geopolitics and power politics, the relationship between the States of the European Union is nowadays ruled by institutional cooperation and must be addressed by new analytical schemes such as cultural, sociological, economical and political differences between the nations. This thesis, based on diplomatic experience and academic works, emphasizes the role of the franco-german relationship regarding in particular the negociation of the European constitution in 2002-2003, the EU positions on enlargement and the relationship to Russia, or the solution to the Eurozone crisis since 2010. In the negociation of the financial perspectives, the positions of Member States is determined by the question of budgetary balances in which contributors and beneficiaries of the EU budget face eachother. More equity in the sharing of expenditures and resources could be a mean to get out of these tough negociations. EU foreign policy is another example of a policy determined by national interests, which didn’t prevent the EU to develop a common defence policy as far as it remains compatible with NATO and the US Strategy. Having revisited the European integration through these national preferences, this thesis questions in conclusion the links between the EU, the European space and the European power