Дисертації з теми "CQI"
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1
Herrell, Justin Lee. "The implementation impact of continuous quality improvement (CQI) on teacher perceptions of CQI categories." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5611.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 8, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
2
Ahmad, Ayaz. "On Resource Optimization and Robust CQI Reporting for Wireless Communication Systems." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771973.
Анотація:
Adaptive resource allocation in wireless communication systems is crucial in order to support the diverse QoS needs of the services and optimize resource utilization. The design of resource allocation schemes should consider the service type for which it is intended. Moreover, due to feedback delay and channel estimation error, the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) reported to the transmitter may not be a perfect measure of the channel quality and its use for resource allocation may severely degrade the systems performance. In this thesis, we study resource allocation and CQI reporting for wireless networks while taking the aforementioned factors into consideration. First, we consider resource allocation and adaptive modulation in uplink SC-FDMA systems. This is a combinatorial problem whose optimal solution is exponentially complex. We use canonical duality theory to derive a polynomial complexity resource allocation algorithm that provides a nearly optimal solution to the problem. Then, we focus on resource allocation for video streaming in wireless networks with time-varying interference. To this end, by using risk-sensitive control approach, we develop a cross-layer optimization framework that performs power control at the PHY/MAC layer and rate adaptation at the APPLICATION layer jointly and provides fairness among nodes. Finally, by using stochastic control and game theory, we design a robust best-M CQI reporting scheme for multi-carrier and multi-user systems which takes into account the impact of feedback delay and error in CQI computation. Performing resource allocation on the basis of the proposed CQI reporting can significantly improve the system performance.
3
Awal, Mohammad abdul. "Efficient cqi feedback resource utilisation for multi-user multi-carrier wireless systems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112223/document.
Анотація:
La technologie OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) a été adoptée par les systèmes de télécommunications de 4ème génération (4G) comme technique de transmission et d'accès multiple pour ses performances supérieures en termes d'efficacité spectrale. Dans ce type de systèmes, l'adaptation dynamique du débit en fonction de la qualité du canal CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) constitue une problématique de recherche d'actualité qui attire l'attention de plusieurs acteurs académiques et industriels. Ce problème d'adaptation dynamique est encore plus complexe à gérer dans des environnements multi-utilisateurs hétérogènes et à ressources limitées tels que les systèmes OFDMA comme WiMAX Mobile et Long-term Evolution (LTE). Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au problème d'allocation de ressources de l'information de feedback relative au CQI dans le cadre de systèmes OFDMA multi-porteuses multi-utilisateurs. Dans le but de réduire la charge (overhead) du feedback, nous proposons une méthode de prédiction du CQI basée sur l'exploitation de la corrélation temporelle de ce dernier et d'une solution inter-couches. L'objectif est de trouver des schémas d'allocation de ressources adaptatifs respectant les contraintes de qualité de service (QoS) applicatives.Nous proposons en premier lieu un algorithme de réduction de feedback PBF (Prediction Based Feedack) qui permet à la station de base (BS) à prédire certaines occurrences du CQI en se basant sur l'algorithme des moindres carrés récursif RLS (Recursive least-square). Les résultats de simulation montrent que l'outil de prédiction du CQI réduit sensiblement l'overhead du feedback et améliore par conséquent le débit de la liaison montante. Nous proposons, par la suite, une version opportuniste de PBF pour atténuer les éventuels effets de sur et sous estimations liées à l'algorithme de prédiction. Dans ce mécanisme, nous exploitons les informations inter-couches pour améliorer les performances des mécanismes de feedbacks périodiques dont PBF fait partie. L'approche opportuniste améliore sensiblement les performances du système pour les cas de mobilité élevée comparés aux cas de faible mobilité.Dans un second temps, nous proposons une plateforme (FEREP : feedback resource allocation and prediction) basée sur une approche inter-couches. Implémentée au niveau de la station BS, FEREP intègre les fonctionnalités de prédiction, d'adaptation dynamique du CQI et d'ordonnancement des demandes de feedback. Elle comporte trois modules. Le module FWA (feedback window adaptation) gère dynamiquement la fenêtre de feedbacks de chaque station mobile (MS) en se basant sur les messages ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) reçus qui reflètent l'état actuel des canaux respectifs. Le module PBFS (priority-based feedback scheduling) effectue ensuite l'ordonnancement des feedbacks en tenant compte de la taille de la fenêtre de feedback, du profil de l'utilisateur sous la contrainte de la limitation des ressources globales du systèmes réservées au feedback. Afin de choisir les paramètres de transmission MCS (modulation and coding schemes), le module PBF (prediction based feedback) est utilisé pour les utilisateurs dont le feedabck n'a pas pu être ordonnancé dans la trame courante. Les résultats de simulation ont montré un gain significatif des performances de FREREP en comparaison à un mécanisme de référence, en particulier, sous de fortes contraintes de limitation des ressources du feedback.Le protocole ARQ génère un accusé de réception uniquement si l'utilisateur est sélectionné par l'ordonnanceur pour envoyer des données sur la liaison descendante. Dans le cas où la fréquence d'ordonnancement des utilisateurs sur le lien descendant est réduite, les messages ARQ s'en trouvent également réduits, dégradant par conséquent les performances de la plateforme FEREP proposée ci-dessus. En effet, dans ce cas la signalisation ARQ devient insuffisante pour adapter efficacement la fenêtre de feedback de chaque utilisateur. Pour pallier à ce problème, nous proposons l'algorithme DCRA (dynamic CQI resource allocation) qui utilise deux modes d'estimation de la fenêtre de feedback. Le premier est un mode hors-ligne basé sur des études empiriques permettant d'estimer la fenêtre moyenne optimale de feedback en utilisant les profils applicatif et de mobilité de l'utilisateur. Notre analyse de performance par simulation montre que la fenêtre de feedback peut être estimée en fonction de la classe de service des utilisateurs et de leurs profils de mobilité pour un environnement cellulaire donné. Le second mode de fonctionnement de DCRA effectue une adaptation dynamique de la fenêtre en temps réel dans le cas où la signalisation ARQ est suffisante. Une étude comparative avec les mécanismes DFS (deterministic feedback scheduling) et OFS (opportunistic feedback scheduling), a montré que DCRA arrive à réaliser un meilleur gain en ressources montantes grâce à la réduction de l'overhead des feedbacks, sans pour autant trop dégrader le débit descendant des utilisateurs. Du point de vue des utilisateurs, DCRA améliore les contraintes de QoS tels que le taux de perte de paquets et réduit la consommation énergétique des terminaux grâce à la réduction de feedbackOrthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology has been adopted by 4th generation (a.k.a. 4G) telecommunication systems to achieve high system spectral efficiency. A crucial research issue is how to design adaptive channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback mechanisms so that the base station can use adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques to adjust its data rate based on the channel condition. This problem is even more challenging in resource-limited and heterogeneous multiuser environments such as Mobile WiMAX, Long-term Evolution (LTE) networks. In this thesis, we consider CQI feedback resource allocation issue for multiuser multicarrier OFDMA systems. We exploit time-domain correlation for CQI prediction and cross-layer information to reduce feedback overhead for OFDMA systems. Our aim is find resource allocation schemes respecting the users QoS constraints.Our study begins with proposing prediction based feedback (PBF) which allows the base station to predict the CQI feedbacks based on recursive least-square (RLS) algorithm. We showed that it is useful to use channel prediction as a tool to reduce the feedback overhead and improve the uplink throughput. Then, we propose an opportunistic periodic feedback mechanism to mitigate the possible under and over estimation effects of CQI prediction. In this mechanism, we exploited the cross-layer information to enhance the performance of periodic feedback mechanisms. The opportunistic mechanism improves the system performance for high mobility cases compared to low mobility cases.For OFDMA systems with limited feedback resource, we propose an integrated cross-layer framework of feedback resource allocation and prediction (FEREP). The proposed framework, implemented at the BS side, is composed of three modules. The feedback window adaptation (FWA) module dynamically tunes the feedback window size for each mobile station based on the received ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) messages that reflect the current channel condition. The priority-based feedback scheduling (PBFS) module then performs feedback allocation by taking into account the feedback window size, the user profile and the total system feedback budget. To choose adapted modulation and coding schemes (MCS), the prediction based feedback (PBF) module performs channel prediction by using recursive least square (RLS) algorithm for the user whose channel feedback has not been granted for schedule in current frame. Through extensive simulations, the proposed framework shows significant performance gain especially under stringent feedback budget constraint.ARQ protocol receives users acknowledgement only if the user is scheduled in the downlink. The reduction in users scheduling frequency also reduces the rate of ARQ hints and degrades the performance of above contributions. In this case, it is difficult to exploit the ARQ signal to adapt the feedback window for that user. To address this issue, we propose a cross-layer dynamic CQI resource allocation (DCRA) algorithm for multiuser multicarrier OFDMA systems. DCRA uses two modes for feedback window estimation. The first one is an off-line mode based on empirical studies to derive optimal average feedback window based on user application and mobility profile. Our experimental analysis shows that the feedback window can be averaged according to users service class and their mobility profile for a given cell environment. DCRA performs a realtime dynamic window adaptation if sufficient cross-layer hints are available from ARQ signaling. DCRA increases uplink resource by reducing feedback overhead without degrading downlink throughout significantly compared to deterministic feedback scheduling (DFS) and opportunistic feedback scheduling (OFS). From the users perspective, DCRA improves QoS constraints like packet loss rate and saves users power due to feedback reduction
4
Awal, Mohammad Abdul, and Mohammad Abdul Awal. "Efficient cqi feedback resource utilisation for multi-user multi-carrier wireless systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636659.
Анотація:
La technologie OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) a été adoptée par les systèmes de télécommunications de 4ème génération (4G) comme technique de transmission et d'accès multiple pour ses performances supérieures en termes d'efficacité spectrale. Dans ce type de systèmes, l'adaptation dynamique du débit en fonction de la qualité du canal CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) constitue une problématique de recherche d'actualité qui attire l'attention de plusieurs acteurs académiques et industriels. Ce problème d'adaptation dynamique est encore plus complexe à gérer dans des environnements multi-utilisateurs hétérogènes et à ressources limitées tels que les systèmes OFDMA comme WiMAX Mobile et Long-term Evolution (LTE). Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au problème d'allocation de ressources de l'information de feedback relative au CQI dans le cadre de systèmes OFDMA multi-porteuses multi-utilisateurs. Dans le but de réduire la charge (overhead) du feedback, nous proposons une méthode de prédiction du CQI basée sur l'exploitation de la corrélation temporelle de ce dernier et d'une solution inter-couches. L'objectif est de trouver des schémas d'allocation de ressources adaptatifs respectant les contraintes de qualité de service (QoS) applicatives.Nous proposons en premier lieu un algorithme de réduction de feedback PBF (Prediction Based Feedack) qui permet à la station de base (BS) à prédire certaines occurrences du CQI en se basant sur l'algorithme des moindres carrés récursif RLS (Recursive least-square). Les résultats de simulation montrent que l'outil de prédiction du CQI réduit sensiblement l'overhead du feedback et améliore par conséquent le débit de la liaison montante. Nous proposons, par la suite, une version opportuniste de PBF pour atténuer les éventuels effets de sur et sous estimations liées à l'algorithme de prédiction. Dans ce mécanisme, nous exploitons les informations inter-couches pour améliorer les performances des mécanismes de feedbacks périodiques dont PBF fait partie. L'approche opportuniste améliore sensiblement les performances du système pour les cas de mobilité élevée comparés aux cas de faible mobilité.Dans un second temps, nous proposons une plateforme (FEREP : feedback resource allocation and prediction) basée sur une approche inter-couches. Implémentée au niveau de la station BS, FEREP intègre les fonctionnalités de prédiction, d'adaptation dynamique du CQI et d'ordonnancement des demandes de feedback. Elle comporte trois modules. Le module FWA (feedback window adaptation) gère dynamiquement la fenêtre de feedbacks de chaque station mobile (MS) en se basant sur les messages ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) reçus qui reflètent l'état actuel des canaux respectifs. Le module PBFS (priority-based feedback scheduling) effectue ensuite l'ordonnancement des feedbacks en tenant compte de la taille de la fenêtre de feedback, du profil de l'utilisateur sous la contrainte de la limitation des ressources globales du systèmes réservées au feedback. Afin de choisir les paramètres de transmission MCS (modulation and coding schemes), le module PBF (prediction based feedback) est utilisé pour les utilisateurs dont le feedabck n'a pas pu être ordonnancé dans la trame courante. Les résultats de simulation ont montré un gain significatif des performances de FREREP en comparaison à un mécanisme de référence, en particulier, sous de fortes contraintes de limitation des ressources du feedback.Le protocole ARQ génère un accusé de réception uniquement si l'utilisateur est sélectionné par l'ordonnanceur pour envoyer des données sur la liaison descendante. Dans le cas où la fréquence d'ordonnancement des utilisateurs sur le lien descendant est réduite, les messages ARQ s'en trouvent également réduits, dégradant par conséquent les performances de la plateforme FEREP proposée ci-dessus. En effet, dans ce cas la signalisation ARQ devient insuffisante pour adapter efficacement la fenêtre de feedback de chaque utilisateur. Pour pallier à ce problème, nous proposons l'algorithme DCRA (dynamic CQI resource allocation) qui utilise deux modes d'estimation de la fenêtre de feedback. Le premier est un mode hors-ligne basé sur des études empiriques permettant d'estimer la fenêtre moyenne optimale de feedback en utilisant les profils applicatif et de mobilité de l'utilisateur. Notre analyse de performance par simulation montre que la fenêtre de feedback peut être estimée en fonction de la classe de service des utilisateurs et de leurs profils de mobilité pour un environnement cellulaire donné. Le second mode de fonctionnement de DCRA effectue une adaptation dynamique de la fenêtre en temps réel dans le cas où la signalisation ARQ est suffisante. Une étude comparative avec les mécanismes DFS (deterministic feedback scheduling) et OFS (opportunistic feedback scheduling), a montré que DCRA arrive à réaliser un meilleur gain en ressources montantes grâce à la réduction de l'overhead des feedbacks, sans pour autant trop dégrader le débit descendant des utilisateurs. Du point de vue des utilisateurs, DCRA améliore les contraintes de QoS tels que le taux de perte de paquets et réduit la consommation énergétique des terminaux grâce à la réduction de feedback.
5
Sideras, Demetri. "The development and adoption of an innovative, sustainable quality improvement model in a private healthcare firm." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15496.
Анотація:
Currently, UK healthcare is encountering an unprecedented quality crisis, especially considering the overwhelming challenge of improving patient care in the face of growing demands and limited resources. Although past efforts to adopt Total Quality Management (TQM) initiatives have failed to produce desired results, this thesis investigates the limitations of TQM applicability and explores the development of an innovative Quality Improvement model germane to a healthcare context. By integrating TQM with concepts from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Complexity Theory (CT) and Knowledge Management (KM) a novel TQM conceptual framework, called EALIM—Ethical, Adaptive, Learning and Improvement Model—was devised. Using an Action Research (AR) study, EALIM was implemented within a private healthcare firm by working collaboratively with organisational members over a period of eighteen months. The study included gathering qualitative data in three AR cycles: 1) pre-implementation, 2) implementation and 3) post-implementation. The first cycle involved gathering data to form a baseline assessment of the organisation, which was used to provide feedback to top management on areas for improvement. In the second cycle, an action plan was developed with top managers and EALIM’s implementation was examined. In the third cycle, further data were gathered and findings were evaluated against the baseline assessment from the first cycle to identify the overall impact of EALIM on the organisation. Findings indicated that EALIM’s adoption generated a moral perception of the organisation, a learning culture, increased organisational commitment and an improvement in patient self-advocacy and independence. Factors that contributed to these outcomes were top management commitment, employee empowerment, the use of trans-disciplinary groups and practice-based training. However, other findings indicated that poor leadership and staff nurses’ use of managerial control created variability in service quality. These findings suggest that while EALIM can lead to organisational improvement, the commitment of all internal stakeholders is required to achieve sustainable quality patient care.
6
Eriksson, Erik. "Channel Quality Information Reporting and Channel Quality Dependent Scheduling in LTE." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11033.
Анотація:
Telecommunication systems are under constant development. Currently 3GPP is working on an evolution of the 3G-standard, under the name 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE). Some of the goals are higher throughput and higher peak bit rates. A crucial part to achieve the higher performance is channel dependent scheduling (CDS). CDS is to assign users when they have favorable channel conditions. Channel dependent scheduling demands accurate and timely channel quality reports. These channel quality indication (CQI) reports can possibly take up a large part of the allocated uplink. This thesis report focuses on the potential gains from channel dependent scheduling in contrast to the loss in uplink to reporting overhead.
System simulations show that the gain from channel dependent scheduling is substantial but highly cell layout dependent. The gain with frequency and time CDS, compered to CDS in time domain only, is also large, around 20\%. With a full uplink it can still be a considerable gain in downlink performance if a large overhead is used for channel quality reports. This gives a loss in uplink performance, and if the uplink gets to limited it will severely affect both uplink and downlink performance negatively.
How to schedule and transmit CQI-reports is also under consideration. A suggested technique is to transmit the CQI reports together with uplink data. With a web traffic model simulations show that a high uplink load is required to get the reports often enough. The overhead also gets unnecessary large, if the report-size only depends on the allocated capacity.
7
YAÑEZ, LENDIZABAL ALEJANDRA EMILSEN. "IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA NORMA CQI-8 LPA´s, EN EL PROCESO DE INYECCIÓN DE CERA PERDIDA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/40410.
Анотація:
La aplicación de la norma CQI-8 LPA´s se llevará a cabo en una empresa automotriz que obtiene sus productos mediante el proceso de fundición a la cera perdida, específicamente en el proceso de inyección de cera. Los datos serán analizados considerando los antecedentes e información para el estudio correspondiente.Las empresas manufactureras industriales, principalmente las automotrices, en su esfuerzo por mantenerse competitivos en el mercado, trabajan para estar en conformidad con los estándares de las certificaciones de los sistemas de gestión: ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 9001:2008, ISO/TS 16949, Norma CQI-8 Layered Process Audit (Auditorías de Procesos por Capas (o niveles)).
8
Winn, Richard A. "QA or CQI : the role of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award program in higher education /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 2002. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.garfield.ulv.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3060180.
9
Isouard, Godfrey, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Health. "A total quality management approach to appropriate clinical laboratory test utilisation in acute myocardial infarction." THESIS_FH_XXX_Isourd_G.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20.
Анотація:
The first goal of this investigation was to undertake a non-equivalent quasi-experimental design to test the effect of a total Quality management (TQM) approach to improve the appropriateness of clinical laboratory test utilisation in the management of early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study was conducted at 2 public hospitals in Sydney over a 30 month period, and in 2 stages- pre and post TQM intervention. Using specifically a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) FOCUS-PDCA model, a multidisciplinary team was empowered to make appropriate changes in order to improve a variety of problem areas that affected the total pathology service. Improvement was directed at the total system of pathology testing, not just test ordering. It was observed that the introduction of a TQM environment had provided a more committed, integrated and motivated clinical care effort towards improving the appropriateness of test ordering. Such team efforts were accompanied by demonstrated customer satisfaction at various aspects of the laboratory service and further benefits to patient care. Patient care benefited greatly from the highly significant changes towards more appropriate timing of blood collections for cardiac enzyme testing. Other improvements included overall improvements to the turnaround time of test results, reductions in specimen delivery delays, more appropriate use of clinical laboratory tests, a streamlined distribution of printed reports and marked improvements in communication between staff involved in the process of test ordering. Of major importance was the finding that CQI strategies resulted in substantial savings of 23.0% of the overall cost of pathology services. Adoption of the TQM approach appears to be a strategy worthy of exploration by laboratory directors and health administrators interested in improving patient care while at the same time reducing expenditure.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
10
Isouard, Godfrey, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Health. "A total quality management approach to appropriate clinical laboratory test utilisation in acute myocardial infarction." THESIS_FH_XXX_Isouard_G.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/670.
Анотація:
The first goal of this investigation was to undertake a non-equivalent quasi-experimental design to test the effect of a total Quality management (TQM) approach to improve the appropriateness of clinical laboratory test utilisation in the management of early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study was conducted at 2 public hospitals in Sydney over a 30 month period, and in 2 stages- pre and post TQM intervention. Using specifically a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) FOCUS-PDCA model, a multidisciplinary team was empowered to make appropriate changes in order to improve a variety of problem areas that affected the total pathology service. Improvement was directed at the total system of pathology testing, not just test ordering. It was observed that the introduction of a TQM environment had provided a more committed, integrated and motivated clinical care effort towards improving the appropriateness of test ordering. Such team efforts were accompanied by demonstrated customer satisfaction at various aspects of the laboratory service and further benefits to patient care. Patient care benefited greatly from the highly significant changes towards more appropriate timing of blood collections for cardiac enzyme testing. Other improvements included overall improvements to the turnaround time of test results, reductions in specimen delivery delays, more appropriate use of clinical laboratory tests, a streamlined distribution of printed reports and marked improvements in communication between staff involved in the process of test ordering. Of major importance was the finding that CQI strategies resulted in substantial savings of 23.0% of the overall cost of pathology services. Adoption of the TQM approach appears to be a strategy worthy of exploration by laboratory directors and health administrators interested in improving patient care while at the same time reducing expenditure.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
11
Latif, Imran. "Méthodologies pour l'évaluation de performance système à grand échelle avec applications au système LTE." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0044/document.
Анотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de souligner l'importance de l'abstraction de la couche physique (PHY abstraction) dans l'évaluation des systèmes LTE (Long Term Evolution). Cette thèse propose une approche pragmatique pour l'utilisation de PHY abstraction dans les simulateurs des systèmes LTE. PHY abstraction est un outil très important pour l'évaluation des systèmes LTE à grande échelle car il est efficace, pratique et à complexité réduite . Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons que, à part son objectif principal et qui consiste à fournir un indicateur instantané de la qualité de liaison pour l'évaluation du système, le PHY abstraction peut aussi: améliorer le feedback de l'indicateur sur la qualité de canal (CQI) en se basant sur les différentes configurations d'antennes, et la prédiction de la performance des réseaux LTE en se basant sur des mesures de canal réelles. Cette thèse est principalement divisée en deux parties: méthodologies et applications. La première partie présente la conception complète et la méthodologie de validation des systèmes de captage PHY pour différentes configurations d'antennes correspondant à des différentes modes de transmissions en LTE. La validation est effectuée en utilisant des simulateurs de niveau de liaison. Nous soulignons aussi les astuces de calibrage nécessaires pour que la production PHY soit précise dans la prédiction de la performance de capacité réalisant turbo-codesThe main focus of this thesis is to highlight the importance of PHY abstraction for the system level evaluations in the framework of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. This thesis presents a pragmatic approach towards the use of PHY abstraction in LTE based system level simulators. PHY abstraction is an extremely valuable low complexity tool for efficient and realistic large scale system evaluations. This thesis shows that apart from the primary purpose of PHY abstraction of providing instantaneous link quality indicator for the purpose of system level evaluations, it can be further used for an improved channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback based on the different antenna configurations and for the performance prediction of LTE networks based on the real life channel measurements. This thesis is mainly divided into two parts; methodologies and applications. The first part presents the complete design and validation methodology of PHY abstraction schemes for various antennaconfigurations corresponding to different transmission modes in LTE. The validation is performed using link level simulators and it also highlights the calibration issues necessary for the PHY abstraction to be accurate in predicting the performance of capacity achieving turbo codes
12
Yella, Gilbert Ncheh, and Tongwa Ivo Atem. "Continuous Quality Improvement: Implementation and Sustainability." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Innovation, Design and Product Development, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-378.
Анотація:
As the philosophy of doing business shift from sell what you can produce to produce what you can sell so do the customers’ specification continuously become a vital tool during product development process, hence increasing the volatility of the business environment. The objective of this thesis is to thoroughly review literature to be supported by cases why most companies fail in sustaining improvement programs then map out a pathway that will leads to successful implementation.
A series of reasons were found which impedes the successful implementation of improvement programs which includes; management is unable to define the problem to be solve and the method of measurement, implementers choose wrong parameters for improvement, implementers sub-optimize or may not involve everyone that will be affected by the program, top management gives little or no attention to improvement programs and at times they may even loose focus, so many concurrent improvement programs are executed which will result to resource overloading, teams members most often lack data integrity, and teams members are often scared to try new ideas hence prohibiting the chances of innovation. To minimize this cankerworm, a number of steps has been mentioned. The steps were divided into two phases, the selection phase and the implementation. The selection process includes; defining the program, focus program on improving shareholders’ value and choose program base on a holistic perspective. The implementation phase includes; commitment of top management, prioritize projects, use critical chain project management to plan and execute project, lay emphasis on quality data, minimize the number of concurrent projects, encourage risk taking, and spend time and resources on value adding activities.
13
Isouard, Godfrey. "A total quality management approach to appropriate clinical laboratory test utilisation in acute myocardial infarction." Thesis, [Milperra, N.S.W. : Teh Author], 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/670.
Анотація:
The first goal of this investigation was to undertake a non-equivalent quasi-experimental design to test the effect of a total Quality management (TQM) approach to improve the appropriateness of clinical laboratory test utilisation in the management of early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study was conducted at 2 public hospitals in Sydney over a 30 month period, and in 2 stages- pre and post TQM intervention. Using specifically a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) FOCUS-PDCA model, a multidisciplinary team was empowered to make appropriate changes in order to improve a variety of problem areas that affected the total pathology service. Improvement was directed at the total system of pathology testing, not just test ordering. It was observed that the introduction of a TQM environment had provided a more committed, integrated and motivated clinical care effort towards improving the appropriateness of test ordering. Such team efforts were accompanied by demonstrated customer satisfaction at various aspects of the laboratory service and further benefits to patient care. Patient care benefited greatly from the highly significant changes towards more appropriate timing of blood collections for cardiac enzyme testing. Other improvements included overall improvements to the turnaround time of test results, reductions in specimen delivery delays, more appropriate use of clinical laboratory tests, a streamlined distribution of printed reports and marked improvements in communication between staff involved in the process of test ordering. Of major importance was the finding that CQI strategies resulted in substantial savings of 23.0% of the overall cost of pathology services. Adoption of the TQM approach appears to be a strategy worthy of exploration by laboratory directors and health administrators interested in improving patient care while at the same time reducing expenditure.
14
Newlon, Kelly Ann. "Cultural Competency of Short-Term Education Abroad Student Participants." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555429050879666.
15
Rao, Raghunandan M. "Perspectives of Jamming, Mitigation and Pattern Adaptation of OFDM Pilot Signals for the Evolution of Wireless Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77485.
Анотація:
Wireless communication networks have evolved continuously over the last four decades in order to meet the traffic and security requirements due to the ever-increasing amount of traffic. However this increase is projected to be massive for the fifth generation of wireless networks (5G), with a targeted capacity enhancement of 1000× w.r.t. 4G networks. This enhanced capacity is possible by a combination of major approaches (a) overhaul of some parts and (b) elimination of overhead and redundancies of the current 4G. In this work we focus on OFDM reference signal or pilot tones, which are used for channel estimation, link adaptation and other crucial functions in Long-Term Evolution (LTE). We investigate two aspects of pilot signals pertaining to its evolution - (a) impact of targeted interference on pilots and its mitigation and (b) adaptation of pilot patterns to match the channel conditions of the user.
We develop theoretical models that accurately quantify the performance degradation at the user’s receiver in the presence of a multi-tone pilot jammer. We develop and evaluate mitigation algorithms to mitigate power constrained multi-tone pilot jammers in SISO- and full rank spatial multiplexing MIMO-OFDM systems. Our results show that the channel estimation performance can be restored even in the presence of a strong pilot jammer. We also show that full rank spatial multiplexing in the presence of a synchronized pilot jammer (transmitting on pilot locations only) is possible when the channel is flat between two pilot locations in either time or frequency.
We also present experimental results of multi-tone broadcast pilot jamming (Jamming of Cell Specific Reference Signal) in the LTE downlink. Our results show that full-band jamming of pilots needs 5 dB less power than jamming the entire downlink signal, in order to cause Denial of Service (DoS) to the users. In addition to this, we have identified and demonstrated a previously unreported issue with LTE termed ‘Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) Spoofing’. In this scenario, the attacker tricks the user terminal into thinking that the channel quality is good, by transmitting interference transmission only on the data locations, while deliberately avoiding the pilots. This jamming strategy leverages the dependence of the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) schemes on the CQI estimate in LTE.
Lastly, we investigate the idea of pilot pattern adaptation for SISO- and spatial multiplexing MIMO-OFDM systems. We present a generic heuristic algorithm to predict the optimal pilot spacing and power in a nonstationary doubly selective channel (channel fading in both time and frequency). The algorithm fits estimated channel statistics to stored codebook channel profiles and uses it to maximize the upper bound on the constrained capacity. We demonstrate up to a 30% improvement in ergodic capacity using our algorithm and describe ways to minimize feedback requirements while adapting pilot patterns in multi-band carrier aggregation systems. We conclude this work by identifying scenarios where pilot adaptation can be implemented in current wireless networks and provide some guidelines to adapt pilots for 5G.Master of Science
16
Latif, Imran. "Méthodologies pour l'évaluation de performance système à grand échelle avec applications au système LTE." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0044.
Анотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de souligner l'importance de l'abstraction de la couche physique (PHY abstraction) dans l'évaluation des systèmes LTE (Long Term Evolution). Cette thèse propose une approche pragmatique pour l'utilisation de PHY abstraction dans les simulateurs des systèmes LTE. PHY abstraction est un outil très important pour l'évaluation des systèmes LTE à grande échelle car il est efficace, pratique et à complexité réduite . Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons que, à part son objectif principal et qui consiste à fournir un indicateur instantané de la qualité de liaison pour l'évaluation du système, le PHY abstraction peut aussi: améliorer le feedback de l'indicateur sur la qualité de canal (CQI) en se basant sur les différentes configurations d'antennes, et la prédiction de la performance des réseaux LTE en se basant sur des mesures de canal réelles. Cette thèse est principalement divisée en deux parties: méthodologies et applications. La première partie présente la conception complète et la méthodologie de validation des systèmes de captage PHY pour différentes configurations d'antennes correspondant à des différentes modes de transmissions en LTE. La validation est effectuée en utilisant des simulateurs de niveau de liaison. Nous soulignons aussi les astuces de calibrage nécessaires pour que la production PHY soit précise dans la prédiction de la performance de capacité réalisant turbo-codesThe main focus of this thesis is to highlight the importance of PHY abstraction for the system level evaluations in the framework of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. This thesis presents a pragmatic approach towards the use of PHY abstraction in LTE based system level simulators. PHY abstraction is an extremely valuable low complexity tool for efficient and realistic large scale system evaluations. This thesis shows that apart from the primary purpose of PHY abstraction of providing instantaneous link quality indicator for the purpose of system level evaluations, it can be further used for an improved channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback based on the different antenna configurations and for the performance prediction of LTE networks based on the real life channel measurements. This thesis is mainly divided into two parts; methodologies and applications. The first part presents the complete design and validation methodology of PHY abstraction schemes for various antennaconfigurations corresponding to different transmission modes in LTE. The validation is performed using link level simulators and it also highlights the calibration issues necessary for the PHY abstraction to be accurate in predicting the performance of capacity achieving turbo codes
17
區君儀 and Kwan-yi Au. "A study of Cai Songnian (1107-1159) and his ci poems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210685.
18
Stockwell, Alexis. "Evaluation of financial incentives as a quality improvement strategy in the public hospital context : clinician attitudes, design variables, and economic costs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/42427/1/Alexis_Stockwell_Thesis_.pdf.
Анотація:
In 2008, a three-year pilot ‘pay for performance’ (P4P) program, known as ‘Clinical Practice Improvement Payment’ (CPIP) was introduced into Queensland Health (QHealth). QHealth is a large public health sector provider of acute, community, and public health services in Queensland, Australia. The organisation has recently embarked on a significant reform agenda including a review of existing funding arrangements (Duckett et al., 2008). Partly in response to this reform agenda, a casemix funding model has been implemented to reconnect health care funding with outcomes. CPIP was conceptualised as a performance-based scheme that rewarded quality with financial incentives. This is the first time such a scheme has been implemented into the public health sector in Australia with a focus on rewarding quality, and it is unique in that it has a large state-wide focus and includes 15 Districts. CPIP initially targeted five acute and community clinical areas including Mental Health, Discharge Medication, Emergency Department, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Stroke.
The CPIP scheme was designed around key concepts including the identification of clinical indicators that met the set criteria of: high disease burden, a well defined single diagnostic group or intervention, significant variations in clinical outcomes and/or practices, a good evidence, and clinician control and support (Ward, Daniels, Walker & Duckett, 2007).
This evaluative research targeted Phase One of implementation of the CPIP scheme from January 2008 to March 2009. A formative evaluation utilising a mixed methodology and complementarity analysis was undertaken. The research involved three research questions and aimed to determine the knowledge, understanding, and attitudes of clinicians; identify improvements to the design, administration, and monitoring of CPIP; and determine the financial and economic costs of the scheme.
Three key studies were undertaken to ascertain responses to the key research questions. Firstly, a survey of clinicians was undertaken to examine levels of knowledge and understanding and their attitudes to the scheme. Secondly, the study sought to apply Statistical Process Control (SPC) to the process indicators to assess if this enhanced the scheme and a third study examined a simple economic cost analysis. The CPIP Survey of clinicians elicited 192 clinician respondents. Over 70% of these respondents were supportive of the continuation of the CPIP scheme. This finding was also supported by the results of a quantitative altitude survey that identified positive attitudes in 6 of the 7 domains-including impact, awareness and understanding and clinical relevance, all being scored positive across the combined respondent group. SPC as a trending tool may play an important role in the early identification of indicator weakness for the CPIP scheme.
This evaluative research study supports a previously identified need in the literature for a phased introduction of Pay for Performance (P4P) type programs. It further highlights the value of undertaking a formal risk assessment of clinician, management, and systemic levels of literacy and competency with measurement and monitoring of quality prior to a phased implementation. This phasing can then be guided by a P4P Design Variable Matrix which provides a selection of program design options such as indicator target and payment mechanisms. It became evident that a clear process is required to standardise how clinical indicators evolve over time and direct movement towards more rigorous ‘pay for performance’ targets and the development of an optimal funding model. Use of this matrix will enable the scheme to mature and build the literacy and competency of clinicians and the organisation as implementation progresses. Furthermore, the research identified that CPIP created a spotlight on clinical indicators and incentive payments of over five million from a potential ten million was secured across the five clinical areas in the first 15 months of the scheme. This indicates that quality was rewarded in the new QHealth funding model, and despite issues being identified with the payment mechanism, funding was distributed. The economic model used identified a relative low cost of reporting (under $8,000) as opposed to funds secured of over $300,000 for mental health as an example. Movement to a full cost effectiveness study of CPIP is supported.
Overall the introduction of the CPIP scheme into QHealth has been a positive and effective strategy for engaging clinicians in quality and has been the catalyst for the identification and monitoring of valuable clinical process indicators. This research has highlighted that clinicians are supportive of the scheme in general; however, there are some significant risks that include the functioning of the CPIP payment mechanism. Given clinician support for the use of a pay–for-performance methodology in QHealth, the CPIP scheme has the potential to be a powerful addition to a multi-faceted suite of quality improvement initiatives within QHealth.
19
Guimarães, Tathiane Barbosa. "Perfil psicossocial de portadores de CDI: COMFORT-CDI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-24102016-154635/.
Анотація:
Introdução: Ansiedade, depressão, personalidade Tipo D e terapias de choque do cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI) são fatores de risco para pior ajuste psicossocial. Além da maior parte dos estudos serem realizados em países desenvolvidos, pouca atenção é dada a estes e outros fatores, assim como à influência na percepção de portadores de CDI quanto à sua cardiopatia de base. Estratégias de enfrentamento, diferença entre percepção do CDI e da doença, assim como percepção dos familiares também têm sido negligenciadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever o perfil psicossocial de portadores de CDI em nosso meio, avaliar a relação entre os fatores de risco supracitados, percepções do paciente quanto à doença cardíaca e CDI, a relação entre ocorrência e frequência das terapias de choque do CDI e a compreensão e percepção de familiares em relação ao CDI. Método: 250 portadores de CDI foram avaliados (54.10 ±15.15 anos, 67% sexo masculino) quanto à percepção de doença (Questionário Breve de Percepção de Doença [B-IPQ]); ansiedade, depressão, distress (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão [HADS]); personalidade Tipo D (DS-14); ocorrência e frequência de choques do CDI desde implante e estratégias de enfrentamento. Representações emocionais e compressão de familiares dos pacientes também foram medidas. A análise estatística utilizou os métodos de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e X2. Resultados: Noventa e nove pacientes (39,6%) apresentaram ansiedade, 62 (24.8%) depressão; 85(34%) distress, 84(34%) personalidade Tipo D e 72(29%) perceberam a doença cardíaca como ameaça. Ansiedade, distress, depressão e personalidade Tipo D foram associadas à percepção de cardiopatia como ameaçadora, OR=11 (p= <. 0001); 7.4 (p= <. 0001); 5.3 p= <. 0001); e 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectivamente. A percepção da doença cardíaca como ameaça também foi influenciada pela presença de choques do CDI desde o implante, com OR= 2.2 (p= 0.007), 2.1 para >=3 choques em 24 horas (p= 0.03) e 2.4 para >= 5 choques desde o implante (p= 0.008). Pacientes ansiosos e Tipo D foram associados a pior percepção de doença, considerando: 1 - fortes crenças sobre consequências mais graves da doença; 2 - não serem capazes de controlar a doença; 3 - atribuem maior número de sintomas à doença; 4 - são mais preocupados e apresentam mais emoções negativas. As percepções de pacientes com distress ou depressivos são mais negativas em todas as subescalas, exceto compreensão. A maioria dos pacientes (68%) utilizou estratégias de enfrentamento focadas na emoção. Vinte e cinco por cento dos pacientes reportaram limitação imposta pela doença, enquanto 75% se sentiram limitados pelo CDI. Pacientes perceberam mais consequências negativas da doença que do CDI. Familiares apresentaram desgaste emocional e baixa compreensão quanto o uso e funcionamento do CDI. Conclusões: Portadores de CDI assistidos em hospital terciário de atenção cardiológica apresentaram: Elevada taxa de ocorrência de ansiedade; depressão, distress, personalidade Tipo D e percepção de doença como ameaça; Limitação das atividades da vida diária como a maior demanda vivenciada; Cardiopatia de base afetando mais a vida que o CDI, mas a maioria considerando o choque do CDI aversivo. Implicação: Intervenções psicossociais específicas são essenciais para melhor ajustamento de portadores de CDI e seus familiaresIntroduction: Anxiety, depression, Type D personality, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks are well-known risk factors for psychosocial maladjustment. Despite the fact that most of the studies were conducted in well-developed countries, little attention has been given to these and others factors and their influence on ICD patients\' perceptions of their heart disease. Coping strategies, the differences between ICD patient and heart disease patient perceptions, and the perception of family members has also been neglected. This project was aimed at describing the psychosocial profile of Brazilian ICD patients and evaluating the relationship between the aforementioned risk factors and patient perceptions about their heart disease and ICD, the temporal relation between occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks, and the understanding and perception of family members regarding the ICD. Methods: 250 ICD patients were evaluated (54.10 ±15.15 years, 67% male) regarding illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [B-IPQ]); anxiety, depression, distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]); Type D personality (DS-14); occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks since implantation; and coping. Family members\' comprehension and emotional representations of the ICD were also assessed. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and X2 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-nine patients (40%) had anxiety, 62 (25%) depression; 85 (34%) distress, 84 (34%) Type D personality, and 72 (29%) perceived the heart disease as a threat. Anxiety, distress, depression, and Type D personality were associated with perceiving heart disease as a health threat with odds ratios of 11 (p= <.0001); 7.4 (p= <.0001); 5.3 (p= <.0001); and 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectively. Patients\' perceptions of their heart disease as a threat were also influenced by ICD shocks since implantation with odds ratios of 2.1 (p= 0.007), of 2.1 for >=3 shocks in 24 hours (p= 0.045) and of 2.4 for >= 5 shocks since implantation (p= 0.043). Anxious and Type D patients were also associated with poorer illness perceptions regarding: 1 - strong beliefs about more serious consequences of the illness; 2 - not being capable of controlling the disease on their own; 3 - a greater number of symptoms attributed to the illness; 4 - more concerns and negative reactions. Distressed or depressive patients\' perceptions are more negative on every item of the scale except for understanding. The majority of patients (68%) used emotion focused coping mechanisms. Twenty-five percent of the patients reported feeling limited by heart disease, while 75% reported feeling limited by having the ICD in place. Patients perceived more negative consequences with heart disease than with ICD placement. Family members manifested distress about the ICD and misunderstanding regarding its purpose and function. Conclusions: ICD patients treated in a tertiary heart center presented with incresead frequency of anxiety, depression, distress, Type D personality, and perception of their illness as threat. Limitation of activities of daily living was the most common complaint. Heart disease was reported as more debilitating than the ICD itself, but most patients still considered the device\'s shock aversive. Implication: Specific psychosocial interventions are essential for better adjustment of ICD patients and their families after ICD placement
20
Lissner, Patricia Ann. "Chi-thinking." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7687.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
21
Carbajal, Arguedas Cynthia Nathalya, De Lama Mary Isabel Pérez, Castañeda Fiorella Karyn Tarrillo, and Contreas Lizette Virginia Vigo. "Cri-Ollas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623047.
Анотація:
El proyecto empresarial tiene como finalidad lograr que las personas puedan realizar pedidos de comida criolla tradicional del país, a través del uso de la página web de la empresa o App del celular. Los clientes serán quienes escojan sus pedidos a partir de diversas y atractivas opciones que serán ofrecidas, para así posteriormente enviarlos por delivery.Trabajo de investigación
22
Li, Zhiwen. "Guang yi xiu ci zai zhong liu Zhong wen ke shi yong wen zhi jiao cai she ji /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 1996. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b14945678a.pdf.
23
Achaica, Santos Angelica, Huamanchumo Jackeline Liz Arce, Salcedo Angel De Jesús Calle, Huamán Rocio del Pilar Silva, and Xiuwen Zhou. "Hao Hao Chi." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654898.
Анотація:
El trabajo realizado presenta un modelo de negocio que pertenece a la industria de alimentos y bebidas, y se dedicará a la producción y comercialización de bocaditos chinos congelados y empaquetados al vacío en el departamento de Lima, Perú. Mediante la recopilación de información obtenida del análisis PESTEL, se determinó la situación actual de los factores Macroentorno del país para estar preparados ante situaciones inusuales. Asimismo, se consideró relevante el estudio de las cinco fuerzas de Porter para abordar los factores de Microentorno que tiene relación con la industria que deseamos ingresar, esta fase permite conocer el comportamiento y el poder de negociación de ciertos factores como los clientes, proveedores y la competencia. Además, se hizo un estudio minucioso del mercado con entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas al consumidor final, dueños o colaboradores de los restaurantes chifas y otros negocios similares, a fin de definir la idea de negocio y las verdaderas necesidades de nuestro público objetivo para dar el enfoque correcto y tomar las decisiones empresariales más adecuadas.
Toda actividad relacionada con la producción, tales como: la elaboración, conservación, distribución e inversión de activos, son analizados en relación a la demanda y según la capacidad proyectada del establecimiento, por ende, el sabor, la calidad y presentación de los bocaditos serán producidos según las exigencias del público objetivo.The work carried out presents a business model that belongs to the food and beverage industry, and will be dedicated to the production and marketing of frozen and vacuum-packed Chinese snacks in the department of Lima, Peru. Through the compilation of information obtained from the PESTEL analysis, the current situation of the country's Macroenvironment factors was determined to be prepared for unusual situations. Likewise, the study of Porter's five forces was considered relevant to address the Microenvironment factors that are related to the industry we wish to enter, this phase allows knowing the behavior and bargaining power of certain factors such as customers, suppliers and the competition. In addition, a thorough study of the market was carried out with in-depth interviews and surveys of the final consumer, owners or collaborators of chifas restaurants and other similar businesses, in order to define the business idea and the true needs of our target audience to give the correct approach and make the most appropriate business decisions. All activities related to production, such as: the preparation, conservation, distribution and investment of assets, are analyzed in relation to demand and according to the projected capacity of the establishment, therefore, the taste, quality and presentation of the snacks will be produced according to the demands of the target audience.
Trabajo de investigación
24
Akin, Ilina V. "Measurement Of The Cross Section Ratio Chi-c2/chi-c1 For Prompt Chi-c Production With Cms Experiment." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614979/index.pdf.
Анотація:
The prompt production of &chic quarkonia is studied in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV, using data collected by CMS in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb &minus
1. The &chi
c mesons are reconstructed through their radiative decays to J/&psi
and photon with J/&psi
&rarr
&mu
+&mu
&minus
. The photons are reconstructed through their conversion in electron-positron pairs in the tracking detector which gives a mass resolution sufficient for resolving these states. The ratio of the prompt production cross sections for the &chi
c1 and &chi
c2 states, &sigma
(&chi
c2)/&sigma
(&chi
c1), has been determined as a function of the J/&psi
transverse momentum between 7 and 25 GeV/c.
25
Tiberi, Antonio. "La rete siamo noi: rassegna sull'evoluzione del web con approfondimenti sull'importanza sociale e sui "nuovi pericoli" a cui ci espone." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1829/.
26
Lee, Oi-ling. "The death of Cui Hao, ?-450 Lun Cui Hao zhi si /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31949502.
27
Oseku-Afful, Thomas. "The use of Big Data Analytics to protect Critical Information Infrastructures from Cyber-attacks." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59779.
Анотація:
Unfortunately, cyber-attacks, which are the consequence of our increasing dependence on digital technology, is a phenomenon that we have to live with today. As technology becomes more advanced and complex, so have the types of malware that are used in these cyber-attacks. Currently, targeted cyber-attacks directed at CIIs such as financial institutions and telecom companies are on the rise. A particular group of malware known as APTs, which are used for targeted attacks, are very difficult to detect and prevent due to their sophisticated and stealthy nature. These malwares are able to attack and wreak havoc (in the targeted system) within a matter of seconds; this is very worrying because traditional cyber security defence systems cannot handle these attacks. The solution, as proposed by some in the industry, is the use of BDA systems. However, whilst it appears that BDA has achieved greater success at large companies, little is known about success at smaller companies. Also, there is scarcity of research addressing how BDA is deployed for the purpose of detecting and preventing cyber-attacks on CII. This research examines and discusses the effectiveness of the use of BDA for detecting cyber-attacks and also describes how such a system is deployed. To establish the effectiveness of using a BDA, a survey by questionnaire was conducted. The target audience of the survey were large corporations that were likely to use such systems for cyber security. The research concludes that a BDA system is indeed a powerful and effective tool, and currently the best method for protecting CIIs against the range of stealthy cyber-attacks. Also, a description of how such a system is deployed is abstracted into a model of meaningful practice.
28
LeBlanc, Catriona. "Cri de terre, a translation of Raymond Guy LeBlanc's Cri de terre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ49391.pdf.
29
Yang, Wen. "Development of CVI Process and Property Evaluation of CVI-SiC/SiC Composites." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149642.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第9683号
エネ博第48号
新制||エネ||14(附属図書館)
UT51-2002-G441
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー応用科学専攻
(主査)教授 香山 晃, 教授 吉川 潔, 教授 木村 晃彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当
30
Feliciano, Lisa. "Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI): Use of Preventive Bundle to Decrease CDI Incidences." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5188.
Анотація:
The challenge of combating Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) is a major problem within many health care organizations as CDI adds to the cost of care and is an uncomfortable and sometimes fatal complication of hospitalization for the patient. The practice-focused question for this doctoral project was targeted at patients in hospital settings on a medical surgical floor and asked if clostridium difficile preventive bundles reduce the incidence of CDI compared with nonstandardized preventative methods. Using the plan-do-study-act framework, the purpose of this DNP project was to use a clostridium difficile bundle approach to study the effects of clostridium difficile incidence (CDI) decrease on a medical-surgical unit with high CDI incidences. Standardized environmental cleaning practices resulted in improvement of the patient environment. High-touch cleaning improved from 43.7% to 83.3%. Time between CDI events lengthened from 19.9 days to 30.2, environmental cleaning with the use of Dazo auditing improved from 33.4% to 81.6%, isolation practices improved from 62.7% to 90%, and with the implementation of the nurse-driven CD testing protocol, unnecessary testing improved. Results showed that the CDI incidence on an acute care medical surgical unit was reduced through the use of a clostridium difficile preventive bundle in this DNP project. Reducing the incidence of CDI is a significant contribution to social change as this unwanted complication of hospitalization causes discomfort and pain and adds unnecessary cost to health care.
31
Bergenius, Sara. "GLAST CsI(Tl) Crystals." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Physics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1775.
32
Kajic, Robert. "Processing Functional CQL Queries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-133869.
Анотація:
At UDBL (Uppsala DataBase Laboratory) we are developing the DSMS SCSQ (SuperComputer Stream Query processor) based on the main memory DBMS Amos II. Amos II is a functional DBMS where data and information are represented as typed functions. In SCSQ database queries over streams are expressed in the functional query language SCSQL, a language similar to the object oriented parts of SQL:99 but extended with parallel stream query facilities. In this paper we investigate what existing functionality in SCSQ and Amos II can be utilized to support CQL, a continuous query language developed by the Stanford STREAM project. SCSQL is extended with functionality required to support CQL. The extended functional stream query language is called FCQL. To implement FCQL, SCSQ is extended with new operators that adhere to the semantics of CQL. FCQL is a functional continuous query language with the same expressive power as CQL. Furthermore, we show how CQL queries can be translated to FCQL in a systematic way and by doing so give a template for an automatic CQL-to-FCQL translator. We also evaluate the completeness of FCQL by translating to FCQL the queries of the linear road DSMS benchmark as it was expressed in CQL by the Stanford STREAM project.
33
楊靜倪. "A Study of Implementing CQI in Health Care." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75355449674353955571.
Анотація:
碩士中原大學
工業工程學系
85
The medical environment has been greatly changing since 1990s, such as the modification of the medical policy, the implementation of the Medical Care Network, the execution of Hospital Accreditation and the accomplishment of The National Health Insurance Program, which began in 1995. All of these indicate that the government concerns the medical service and quality and the people look forward to having the good quality of medical service. The quality activities in American health industry had developed from the traditional Quality Assurance (QA) to Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) and Total Quality Management (TQM). In domestic, few large-scale hospitals are planning and taking the quality improvement activities. They hope that the healthcare quality and the market competition will be improved. This study integrates the literature with the CQI models applied by the industry and the foreign medical industry into a suitable CQI model for the domestic medical industry. It also offers three CQI cases for those who implement the CQI program. Hopefully, the result of this research will enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of the health-care organization and benefit the health of the people eventually.
34
Chiou, Chen-yuan, and 邱晟源. "Error Regressed On-demand CQI Feedback Scheme in HSDPA." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92543602840974633589.
Анотація:
碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
95
HSDPA is called 3.5G related to 3G WCDMA/UMTS cellular system. It can reach over 10Mbps data rate and resolve the data bust problem by a high capacity shared channel. An important technology, AMC is used in HSDPA to manage the radio resource according the channel conditions, so that a good channel usage can achieve in HSDPA. In order to get the channel conditions between Node B and UEs, UEs periodically report the channel quality and have different cycles are defined in 3GPP specification. A shorter cycle used make Node B better in resource deployment since Node B can know the channel conditions more often. But the channel is not always on used, the periodical report will cause unnecessary power consumption and channel interference. So a good feedback mechanism also plays an important role in the HSDPA. In this paper, we present an error regressed on demand feedback scheme. This scheme is based on the on-demand scheme that has better ability on protecting the first packet. Besides, our scheme also monitors the error rate of channel and activates the error regression on appropriate time, and takes advantage of the correlation of data transmission and the correlation of channel changes. By this way, our scheme can reach less error rate and light decrease throughput, so that has good performance on power efficiency.
35
Wei-YaLiu and 劉威亞. "CQI-Based Interference-Aware Graph Resource-Sharing Schemefor Vehicular Networks." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tneqbr.
36
Lee, Cheng Han, and 李承翰. "CQI Feedback Reduction Algorithm for Adaptive Multicast IPTV in Wireless Cellular Networks." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55wq3e.
Анотація:
碩士長庚大學
電機工程學系
104
Conventional multicast IPTV services in wireless cellular networks use the most robust modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to guarantee that all mobile users within the cell can receive the video streams with acceptable qualities. Since the most robust MCS has the lowest data rate, the spectral efficiency is not good. To enhance the spectral efficiency, the adaptive multicast IPTV that uses the adaptive MCS based on signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) or channel quality indicators (CQIs) of user equipments (UEs) was proposed. However, the CQI feedback messages induced by the adaptive multicast scheme incur additional signaling overhead. To effectively reduce the amount of CQI feedback messages, this thesis presents a novel CQI feedback reduction algorithm. The CQI feedback rate of our proposed algorithm is also analyzed theoretically based on the Markovian queueing model. Numerical results show that the proposed feedback reduction algorithm can significantly reduce the amount of CQI feedback messages and thus the load at the base station. Additionally, the proposed CQI feedback reduction algorithm is compared with other existing CQI feedback schemes. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing CQI feedback mechanisms in the literature.
37
Li, Wan-Hsuan, and 李婉萱. "A Study on CQI Based Resource Allocation for Transparent Relay Network in LTE." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ukj3ue.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
100
The radio resource in LTE is made from RBs(Resource Blocks) which compose of frequency domain and time domain. To use the radio resource efficiently, many papers have been focused on the resource allocation method and hope not to waist the resources by way of a good resource allocation scheduling. Now, most of the resource allocation methods based on CQI(Channel Quality Indicator) are only focus on the system CQI values or only on RB CQI values. Otherwise, in LTE, the UE(User Equipment) which is located on the cell edge may have a bad signal because of some factors. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, we proposed a resource allocation method which is based on the type II relay networks and on the CQI called CBRA (CQI Based Resource Allocation). In our method, eNodeB (eNB) allocates RBs according to the CQI and allocated rate of a UE. We select RBs by using the 2 types of CQI to gain the number of selectable RBs of other UEs. In this way, we hope to gain the system throughput and the fairness. However, the model we proposed is built on a system whose eNB is placed in the center of a transparent relay network cell to improve the communication quality on the cell edge users.
38
Guo, Yu-Sheng, and 郭雨昇. "Transmitter-Side Channel Estimation Based on Precoded Sounding and CQI Feedback for MU-MIMO." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cm9n5c.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程學系 電子研究所
104
This thesis introduces the topic about channel estimation, including background introduction, problem formulation, algorithm derivation and simulation in LTE-like scenario. We develop a channel estimation algorithm based on multiple CSI feedbacks other than one CSI feedback in convention. We first transmit data streams with our sounding precoding matrices one after another, and then receive CSI feedbacks corresponding to different precoding matrices. Finally, we use these CSI feedbacks to perform channel estimation. In algorithm derivation, we derive a channel estimation method in time-invariant channel and then use it to be in time-variant channel. We also try combining the codebook precoding matrices with our sounding precoding matrices to estimate channel information. In simulation, we establish a reasonable downlink MU-MIMO system model in LTE specification and estimate channels with our proposed method in the transmitter-side. We simulate our proposed estimation method under single-path Rayleigh fading channel to verify its derivation. Moreover, we test our method at different mobile speeds in multi-path channels, and analyze MSE between perfect channel and estimated channel. We also observe the sum rate with SLNR precoding scheme based on our estimated method at different SNR.
39
Chao, Ching-Sung, and 趙清松. "Design of Dynamic Relay Power Allocation Considering CQI and Service Request in LTE-A Networks." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01867680379123190081.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
103
The Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) is an enhanced standard based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) by adding some new technologies, e.g., relay stations etc. A relay station can not only effectively improve the service quality of the user equipments (UEs) located near the edge of service coverage but also extend the service coverage. However, some side effects of relay stations have been raised, for example, the impact caused by the transmit power of relay stations to the other relay stations. To properly address such an issue, a dynamic relay power allocation (DRPA) mechanism is proposed in this thesis. According to the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) allocated to the relay station, DRPA will adjust the relay transmit power to alleviate the interference from the other nodes to improve the channel quality, enhance the channel capacity, and maintain the throughput while achieving the purpose of power saving.
40
Freeman, Richard Wayne. "Incorporating TQM and CQI techniques into evaluation tools for the electrical and computer engineering learning communities /." 2004.
41
Chen, Hung-Ling, and 陳紅綾. "Implementation and Analysis of CQI Aware Beamforming Using Neural Network with Conjugate Gradient Least Squares Method." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x72gun.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
103
Digital beamforming is known to have interference rejection and capability against multipath effect when controlling the phase and relative amplitude of the signal at each transmitter. Steering array vector is carried out by weighting received signals, different weighting patterns can be used to achieve the desired sensitivity. Thereby adjusting the weighting pattern to form the desired beam toward AOAs (Angles of Arrival) of desired signals. In this paper, we propose a neural-based adaptive beamforming in MIMO-OFDM system based on correlation of power to solve the deep fading effect. Use power correlation algorithm to choose an initial weighting patterns, and then the neural network process peak subcarriers and deep fading subcarriers and calculate weighting pattern of beamforming closed to steering vectors in order to decrease deep fading effect of multipath channel. By simulation in 4 by 4 MIMO-OFDM wireless backhaul system indicates that the proposed algorithm can solve almost 81% deep fading effect in specific variables under SNR=25 and iteration limit=10 for neural network.
42
Zalewska, Elżbieta. "Ciągłe Doskonalenie Jakości w procesie kształcenia studentów." Phd diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/40594.
Анотація:
Jakość kształcenia jest głównym czynnikiem decydującym o konkurencyjności uczelni wyższych. Koniecznością jest monitorowanie, jak stosowane metody i narzędzia nauczania wpływają, na jakości kształcenia. Duże sukcesy i widoczne efekty, wśród przedsiębiorstw, zachęciły do rozważenia szansy przystosowania koncepcji Total Quality Managment – TQM do innych instytucji. Metody te można dostosować i zmodyfikować tak by w pełni uwzględniały aspekty edukacji. Koncepcje zarządzania jakością stosowane w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego, które wzajemnie się przenikają i uzupełniają, będą utożsamiane z pojęciem Ciągłe Doskonalenie Jakości (ang. Continuous Quality Improvement – CQI).
Głównym celem rozprawy jest dokonanie oceny efektywności wdrażania metod Ciągłego Doskonalenia Jakości w uczelniach wyższych w Polsce. Praca została ujęta w czterech rozdziałach. W rozdziale pierwszym przedstawiono metody zarządzania jakością. Zaprezentowano zarówno genezę, jak i zarys metod Ciągłego Doskonalenia Jakości w szkolnictwie wyższym. W szczególności wskazując na bariery i korzyści wynikające z ich wdrożenia. Rozdział drugi obejmuje charakterystykę doświadczenia z zakresu wdrażania i stosowania metod CQI na najlepszych uczelniach, głównie w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Wielkiej Brytanii. Przedstawiono także pierwsze próby wprowadzania metod CQI w polskich uczelniach wyższych. W rozdziale trzecim zawarte są wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego uczestniczących w zajęciach, na których stosowano metody CQI, oceniając czynniki wpływające na opinię studentów. W rozdziale czwartym zaprezentowano wyniki badań dotyczące oceny metod CQI wśród nauczycieli akademickich prowadzących zajęcia z przedmiotów ilościowych. Badania przeprowadzono na najlepszych polskich uczelniach wg rankingu czasopisma Perspektywy 2019 oraz na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim. Wyniki badań opinii pozwoliły porównać poglądy studentów i wykładowców dotyczące oceny możliwości wdrożenia metod CQI oraz ich efektywności.
43
Onianwa, Patricia Obiajulu. "An appraisal of continuous quality improvement (CQI) mechanisms and development of quality care indicators amongst clinical nurses in selected teaching hospitals in South-West (SW) Nigeria." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8173.
Анотація:
Aim: This study appraised the CQI mechanisms and processes in the clinical nursing divisions of five selected teaching hospitals located in South-West Nigeria and developed quality care indicators to measure and monitor quality of care amongst clinical based nurses in these teaching hospitals.
Background: Studies have been done on evaluation of quality care to determine what good care is; whether the care nurses give is proper and effective, and whether the care provided is good quality. Several authors have asserted that evaluating the quality of nursing care is an essential part of professional accountability. Literature also suggests that in providing high quality care, it is important that nurses develop appropriate evaluative measurement tools to ensure professional aspect of nursing.
Conversely, it is a concern that in the clinical nursing division of some teaching hospitals in SW Nigeria, CQI mechanisms/processes (such as a structured auditing, monitoring and measuring quality of nursing care, established systems of continuing professional learning/ In-service Education Unit) were not more evident, particularly when these teaching hospitals were supposed to be seen as models for providing quality care services. It was not certain what CQI activities were present in similar hospitals, and if such activities were present, there was uncertainty as to how these activities were performed. In addition, the type of instrument/tools available for nursing care measurement was uncertain. There is a paucity of published evidence relating to the quality of nursing care measurement in the teaching hospitals in SW Nigeria. Gaps identified in the study would form the basis for future training and education of nurses involved in care-giving to promote quality care. Findings from the study provided evidenced-based scientific rationale for practice in relation to quality nursing care measurement in the health care institutions, thus adding to the body of knowledge of quality improvement. The methodology employed in the study is an action research; with a mixed method-Sequential explanatory incorporated. Quantitative data was collected and analysed, followed by the collection and analyses of qualitative data. The study was done in five cycles which included a survey that elicited responses from the participants on general knowledge and perceptions about CQI. Cycle two included generating promising solutions and an action plan. In cycle three, established quality-care indicators were analysed, developed and thereafter, the newly adapted instrument for nursing care measurement was tested for applicability to settings. Participants reflected on the testing of the new tool in the fourth cycle and lastly, implementation/testing outcomes were evaluated in the fifth cycle. Conclusion: Established quality-care indicators were adapted in each of the five hospital settings for quality nursing care measurement. The newly adapted quality care indicators were tested for applicability on two acute-care wards in three of the five participating hospitals. The results of the study could be used in Nigeria and elsewhere as a means to protect the rights of the patient; by measuring and monitoring the quality of nursing care.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
44
WeiTan, Shi, and 陳實偉. "A Study of Yang Shen’s “Chi Du Qing Cai”." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6u892e.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
中國文學系
103
In view of the practical writings becoming increasingly important in today's society, and letter writings depend on daily life, and therefore contains the author's true feelings, its showing the particular style, and this is especially worthy of further research. And Yang Shen Chi Du Qing Cai is the first letters of the ancient anthology as it is thousand years across from the Chun Qiu dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, which contains precious academic value, but there are few scholars have touched this topic, so this article focuses on the standards of Yang Shen Compiles his Chi Du Qing Cai, to present its extraordinary place. This thesis describes the origin and evolution of the style of letter writing, defined the writing style, and to clarify the content of which it covered by. Again, introduce Yang Shen’s entire life and his literary thought which has been associated with his compilation. And made the detailed introduction about the article text, properties and stylistic rules of Chi Du Qing Cai.The Content classification, adopt modern taxonomy of Zhang Ren Qing’s Practical Writing, in order to reflects the context of Yang Shen compile this book. Finally, describes Yang Shen’s compilation, which are contain both objectively and subjectively selection of texts. The part of objectively selections discussed about Yang Shen definition of “chi du”, and it was influenced by Liu Xie. subjective aspects of selected articles from the Yang Shen to explore the entitled ofChi Du Qing Cai, and analysis the text to restore the mind and the emotional of Yang Shen, and dig out the Yang Shen’s consciousness of life, which contains in Chi Du Qing Cai.
45
Donthi, Sushruth N. "The Combined Effect Of Reduced Feedback, Frequency-Domain Scheduling, And Multiple Antenna Techniques On The Performance Of LTE." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2411.
Анотація:
Frequency-domain scheduling, multiple antenna techniques, and rate adaptation enable next generation orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) to achieve significantly higher downlink spectral efficiencies. However, this comes at the expense of increased feedback overhead on the uplink. LTE uses a pragmatic combination of several techniques to reduce the channel state feedback required by a frequency-domain scheduler.
In subband-level feedback scheme specified in LTE, the user reduces feedback by only reporting the channel quality indicator (CQI) computed over groups of resource blocks called subbands. LTE also specifies an alternate user selected subband feedback scheme, in which the feedback overhead is reduced even further by making each user feed back the indices of the best M subbands and only one CQI value averaged over all the M subbands. The coarse frequency granularity of the feedback in the above schemes leads to an occasional incorrect determination of rate by the scheduler for some resource blocks. The overall throughput of LTE depends on the method used to generate the CQI and the statistics of the channel, which depends on the multiple antenna technique used.
In this thesis, we develop closed-form expressions for the throughput achieved by the user selected and subband-level CQI feedback schemes of LTE. The comprehensive analysis quantifies the joint effects of four critical components on the overall system throughput, namely, scheduler, multiple antenna mode, CQI feedback scheme, and CQI generation method. The performance of a wide range of schedulers, namely, round robin, greedy, and proportional fair schedulers and several multiple antenna diversity modes such as receive antenna diversity and open-and closed-loop transmit diversity is analyzed. The analysis clearly brings out the dependence of the overall system throughput on important parameters such as number of resource blocks per subband and the rate adaptation thresholds. The effect of the coarse subband-level frequency granularity of feedback is explicitly captured. The analysis provides an independent theoretical reference and a quick system parameter optimization tool to an LTE system designer. It also helps us theoretically understand the behavior of OFDMA feedback reduction techniques when operated under practical system constraints.
Another contribution of this thesis is a new statistical model for the effective exponential SNR mapping (EESM), which is a highly non-linear mapping that is widely used in the design, analysis, and simulation of OFDMA systems. The statistical model is shown to be both accurate and analytically tractable, and plays a crucial role in facilitating the analysis of the throughput of LTE when EESM is used to generate the CQI.
46
Donthi, Sushruth N. "The Combined Effect Of Reduced Feedback, Frequency-Domain Scheduling, And Multiple Antenna Techniques On The Performance Of LTE." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2411.
Анотація:
Frequency-domain scheduling, multiple antenna techniques, and rate adaptation enable next generation orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) to achieve significantly higher downlink spectral efficiencies. However, this comes at the expense of increased feedback overhead on the uplink. LTE uses a pragmatic combination of several techniques to reduce the channel state feedback required by a frequency-domain scheduler.
In subband-level feedback scheme specified in LTE, the user reduces feedback by only reporting the channel quality indicator (CQI) computed over groups of resource blocks called subbands. LTE also specifies an alternate user selected subband feedback scheme, in which the feedback overhead is reduced even further by making each user feed back the indices of the best M subbands and only one CQI value averaged over all the M subbands. The coarse frequency granularity of the feedback in the above schemes leads to an occasional incorrect determination of rate by the scheduler for some resource blocks. The overall throughput of LTE depends on the method used to generate the CQI and the statistics of the channel, which depends on the multiple antenna technique used.
In this thesis, we develop closed-form expressions for the throughput achieved by the user selected and subband-level CQI feedback schemes of LTE. The comprehensive analysis quantifies the joint effects of four critical components on the overall system throughput, namely, scheduler, multiple antenna mode, CQI feedback scheme, and CQI generation method. The performance of a wide range of schedulers, namely, round robin, greedy, and proportional fair schedulers and several multiple antenna diversity modes such as receive antenna diversity and open-and closed-loop transmit diversity is analyzed. The analysis clearly brings out the dependence of the overall system throughput on important parameters such as number of resource blocks per subband and the rate adaptation thresholds. The effect of the coarse subband-level frequency granularity of feedback is explicitly captured. The analysis provides an independent theoretical reference and a quick system parameter optimization tool to an LTE system designer. It also helps us theoretically understand the behavior of OFDMA feedback reduction techniques when operated under practical system constraints.
Another contribution of this thesis is a new statistical model for the effective exponential SNR mapping (EESM), which is a highly non-linear mapping that is widely used in the design, analysis, and simulation of OFDMA systems. The statistical model is shown to be both accurate and analytically tractable, and plays a crucial role in facilitating the analysis of the throughput of LTE when EESM is used to generate the CQI.
47
Lee, Eun-Jeong. "Cross-nation examination of CCI and CPI with an emphasis on Korea." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/lee%5Feunjeong%5F200505%5Fms.
48
Liao, Hsuan-Wu, and 廖軒吾. "Landslides Triggered by Chi-Chi Earthquake." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39880880911363995001.
Анотація:
碩士國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
88
Landslides Triggered by Chi-Chi Earthquake Hsuan Wu Liao Abstract A large number of landslides were triggered by the Chi-Chi Earthquake (ML 7.3) on 21 September 1999. These landslides have been mapped from satellite images in this study. By using GIS (Geographic Information System) as a tool, we can construct a GIS table of landslides triggered by the earthquake and analyze their characteristics, including types, distribution, areas and numbers, …etc. The distribution and areas of landslides have been compared with the distance from the earthquake foci, rock types, faults, roads, rivers, hill slopes and slope directions. There were 9272 landslides occurred during earthquake shaking within the area greater than 625 square meters and total area of landslides is 127.8 square kilometers. There were 8843 landslides located within the area of PGA value 250gal and above. These landslides were distributed in an ellipse-shaped region with the major axis striking NNE, coinciding with the trend of regional faults. Statistics shows the following results: (1) Landslides almost located within the area that PGA greater than 250gal, especially within the area that PGA greater than 300gal. (2) A lot of landslides occurred within 20Km from the fault rupture plane. The longest distance from the rupture plane located at the interval of 60 to 70 Km. (3) the Toukoshan Formation, The Chinsui Shale and the Tachien Sandstone were more easily influenced by the earthquake shaking, especially at Huoyenshan Facies. (4) slopes with inclination larger than 100% involves more landslides. (5) At the hanging wall, most slopes collapsed at S and SE facing. At the foot wall, most slopes collapsed at S , SE and SW facing, whereas slopes facing to other directions were not so seriously damaged. It shows that the main movement of Chi-Chi earthquake is from SE to NW.
49
CHUNG, LAI LI, and 賴立中. "Failure Analysis of Chi-Lu Cable Bridge in 921-Chi-Chi Earthquake." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41697518362405843810.
50
Kao, Min-Hsuan, and 高敏軒. "A Research of Chi-Chi''s Fictions." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66922161267124604231.