Статті в журналах: "CPMA"

1

Song, Yao, Xiangyu Pei, Huichao Liu, Jiajia Zhou, and Zhibin Wang. "Characterization of tandem aerosol classifiers for selecting particles: implication for eliminating the multiple charging effect." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 11 (June 14, 2022): 3513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3513-2022.

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Abstract. Accurate particle classification plays a vital role in aerosol studies. Differential mobility analyzers (DMAs), centrifugal particle mass analyzers (CPMAs) and aerodynamic aerosol classifiers (AACs) are commonly used to select particles with a specific mobility diameter, aerodynamic diameter or mass, respectively. However, multiple charging effects cannot be entirely avoided when using either individual techniques or tandem systems such as DMA–CPMA, especially when selecting soot particles with fractal structures. In this study, we calculate the transfer functions of the DMA–CPMA and DMA–AAC in static configurations for flame-generated soot particles. We propose an equation that constrains the resolutions of the DMA and CPMA to eliminate the multiple charging effect when selecting particles with a certain mass–mobility relationship using the DMA–CPMA system. The equation for the DMA–AAC system is also derived. For DMA–CPMA in a static configuration, our results show that the ability to remove multiply charged particles mainly depends on the particle morphology and resolution settings of the DMA and CPMA. Using measurements from soot experiments and literature data, a general trend in the appearance of the multiple charging effect with decreasing size when selecting aspherical particles is observed. As for DMA–AAC in a static configuration, the ability to eliminate particles with multiple charges is mainly related to the resolutions of the classifiers. In most cases, the DMA–AAC in a static configuration can eliminate the multiple charging effect regardless of the particle morphology, but multiply charged particles will be selected when decreasing the resolution of the DMA or AAC. We propose that the potential influence of the multiple charging effect should be considered when using the DMA–CPMA or DMA–AAC systems in estimating size- and mass-resolved optical properties in field and lab experiments.

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2

MATSUMOTO, TETSUYA, KAZUHITO HAGIO, and MASAYUKI TAKEDA. "A RUN-TIME EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPRESSED PATTERN MATCHING AUTOMATA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 20, no. 04 (August 2009): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054109006838.

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We present a run-time efficient implementation of compressed pattern matching automata (CPMA) of Kida et al. (2003), where a text is given as a truncation-free collage system [Formula: see text] such that variable sequence [Formula: see text] is encoded by any prefix code. We first build CPMA directly from P and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time and space, and then convert it into the decoder-embedded CPMA (DECPMA), where |P| is the pattern length and [Formula: see text] is the number of variables defined in [Formula: see text]. The bound [Formula: see text] improves the bound [Formula: see text] achieved by a straightforward application of the method of Kida et al. We experimentally show that a combination of recursive-pairing compression and byte-oriented Huffman coding allows both a high compression ratio and a high speed CPM.

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3

Lee, Doojin. "Metasurface cloaks for decoupling electromagnetic interference within highly dense areas." AIP Advances 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 045111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0141212.

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This paper presents the results of intensive investigations of electromagnetic interference caused primarily by closely arranged antennas within subwavelength distance; potential applications involve the principle of scattering cancellation. A cloaked planar monopole antenna (CPMA) is newly proposed in this work. The performance of the CPMA is compared with that of a bare planar monopole antenna. Numerical simulations with the two antenna types were conducted, and various configurations with the potential for practical applications in the industrial and defense sectors were tested.

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4

Wang, Zhongbao, and Shaojun Fang. "ANN Synthesis Model of Single-Feed Corner-Truncated Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with an Air Gap for Wideband Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392843.

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A computer-aided design model based on the artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed to directly obtain patch physical dimensions of the single-feed corner-truncated circularly polarized microstrip antenna (CPMA) with an air gap for wideband applications. To take account of the effect of the air gap, an equivalent relative permittivity is introduced and adopted to calculate the resonant frequency andQ-factor of square microstrip antennas for obtaining the training data sets. ANN architectures using multilayered perceptrons (MLPs) and radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are compared. Also, six learning algorithms are used to train the MLPs for comparison. It is found that MLPs trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm are better than RBFNs for the synthesis of the CPMA. An accurate model is achieved by using an MLP with three hidden layers. The model is validated by the electromagnetic simulation and measurements. It is enormously useful to antenna engineers for facilitating the design of the single-feed CPMA with an air gap.

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5

Ma, Yong Sheng, Yun Fa Chen, Xian Hui Sun, Chuan Jun Zhao, and Shou Jie Nie. "Application Study of Cationic Polymethyl Acrylate Emulsion as Papermaking Sizing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.504.

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The cationic polymethyl acrylate (CPMA) emulsion which was prepared with no soap emulsion polymerization was used with petroleum resin sizing agent in bleached wheat straw pulp and wood pulp as papermaking sizing agent. It was showed that by the experimental results that when the dosage of composite sizing agent composed of CPMA emulsion and anionic petroleum resin sizing agent was 0.2% absolute dry pulp, sizing degree and white degree of handsheet made of bleached wheat straw pulp were improved 33% and 5.2%ISO respectively. It was also showed that when the dosage of composite sizing agent was 0.2% absolute dry pulp, sizing degree and white degree of handsheet made of wood pulp were improved 37% and 4.2%ISO respectively.

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6

Lavieri, Frank P. "Review of the 1993 ISCC/CPMA conference." Color Research & Application 18, no. 6 (December 1993): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080180614.

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7

Dvornyk, Volodymyr. "Subfamilies of cpmA, a gene involved in circadian output, have different evolutionary histories in cyanobacteria." Microbiology 152, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28400-0.

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The cpmA gene mediates an output signal in the cyanobacterial circadian system. This gene and its homologues are evolutionarily old, and occur in some non-photosynthetic bacteria and archaea as well as in cyanobacteria. The gene has two functional domains that differ drastically in their level of polymorphism: the N-terminal domain is much more variable than the PurE homologous C-terminal domain. The phylogenetic tree of the cpmA homologues features four main clades (C1–C4), two of which (C1 and C3) belong to cyanobacteria. These cyanobacterial clades match respective ones in the previously reported phylogenetic trees of the other genes involved in the circadian system. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the C3 subfamily, which comprises the genes from the cyanobacteria with the kaiBC-based circadian system, experienced a lateral transfer, probably from evolutionarily old proteobacteria about 1000 million years ago. The genes of this subfamily have a significantly higher nonsynonymous substitution rate than those of C1 (2·13×10−10 and 1·53×10−10 substitutions per nonsynonymous site per year, respectively). It appears that the functional and selective constraints of the kaiABC-based system have slowed down the rate of sequence evolution compared to the cpmA homologues of the kaiBC-based system. On the other hand, the differences in the mutation rates between the two cyanobacterial clades point to the different functional constraints of the systems with or without kaiA.

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8

Derzelle, Sylviane, Eric Duchaud, Frank Kunst, Antoine Danchin, and Philippe Bertin. "Identification, Characterization, and Regulation of a Cluster of Genes Involved in Carbapenem Biosynthesis in Photorhabdus luminescens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 8 (August 2002): 3780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.8.3780-3789.2002.

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ABSTRACT The luminescent entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens produces several yet-uncharacterized broad-spectrum antibiotics. We report the identification and characterization of a cluster of eight genes (named cpmA to cpmH) responsible for the production of a carbapenem-like antibiotic in strain TT01 of P. luminescens. The cpm cluster differs in several crucial aspects from other car operons. The level of cpm mRNA peaks during exponential phase and is regulated by a Rap/Hor homolog identified in the P. luminescens genome. Marker-exchange mutagenesis of this gene in the entomopathogen decreased antibiotic production. The luxS-like signaling mechanism of quorum sensing also plays a role in the regulation of the cpm operon. Indeed, luxS, which is involved in the production of a newly identified autoinducer, is responsible for repression of cpm gene expression at the end of the exponential growth phase. The importance of this carbapenem production in the ecology of P. luminescens is discussed.

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9

Damle, Priyadarshan K., Erin A. Wall, Michael S. Spilman, Altaira D. Dearborn, Geeta Ram, Richard P. Novick, Terje Dokland, and Gail E. Christie. "The roles of SaPI1 proteins gp7 (CpmA) and gp6 (CpmB) in capsid size determination and helper phage interference." Virology 432, no. 2 (October 2012): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.026.

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10

Symonds, Jonathan P. R., Kingsley St J. Reavell, and Jason S. Olfert. "The CPMA-Electrometer System—A Suspended Particle Mass Concentration Standard." Aerosol Science and Technology 47, no. 8 (August 2013): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.801547.

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11

Royandi, Muhamad Aditya, and Jui-Pin Hung. "Design of an Affordable Cross-Platform Monitoring Application Based on a Website Creation Tool and Its Implementation on a CNC Lathe Machine." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 9259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189259.

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Currently, monitoring applications are being designed to provide comprehensive, flexible access. Monitoring applications are also required to function on several platforms (e.g., desktops and mobile phones). However, designers often have difficulty meeting these needs, owing to a lack of expertise in various fields. Here, we aim to convey a simple concept to achieve this goal. Visualization data on the system can be displayed and updated online using Google Sites, which can be accessed on several platforms. The data were displayed using dynamic image HTML embedded code. They were generated from the URL of an image stored in Google Drive. The image was taken from the monitoring system user interface created with the Windows Forms app and periodically uploaded to Google Drive. Therefore, using this concept, a cross-platform monitoring application (CPMA) can be created in a short time without complicated database processing or subscriptions to paid applications. Additionally, a messaging feature from the user platform was developed to enable messaging features between an operator at the machining site and another user/manager of the CPMA. This concept was applied to revisualize the collected data from the data acquisition system and the results of the predicted parameters from the main user interface through image uploadbased data visualization and to monitor two CNC lathe machines (with different sensors attached) at different locations.

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12

Saleem, Madyen M., and Salah Abdulghani Alabady. "Performance Analysis and Evaluation of a Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022203.247515.

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Researchers in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are constantly interested in designing and developing energy-efficient routing protocols. Numerous clustering routing protocols have been developed in recent years to overcome the limitation of consuming less energy and prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes in homogeneous and heterogeneous WMSNs. Existing approaches depend on single-hope communication, in which sensor nodes consume more energy and die faster. Inter-communication nodes can play an important role in reducing energy by transmitting data in a multi-hope fashion to the sink. An energy-efficient multi-path clustering with load balancing routing protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks (EEMCL) is proposed in this study. In this protocol, the main cluster heads (MCHs) are preselected in each network cluster and filled with more energy than normal sensor nodes. The two secondary cluster heads (SCHs) with the highest energy nodes will be selected by the main cluster head algorithm. Moreover, inter-cluster multi-hop routing with the help of MCHs can enhance the network lifetime when the sink is located at the corner of the sensing field. The simulation results verify that the proposed multi-hop technique provides better performance than existing LEACH, LEACH-C, SEEN, and IEE-LEACH routing protocols in scenario 1 and when compared with CPMA in scenario 2. The last node dead (LND) for the proposed protocol is at round 5721, 2225 for LEACH, 2300 for LEACH-C, 2900 for SEEN, and 3160 for IEE−LEACH in scenario 1, while in scenario 2, the LND for the proposed protocol is at round 3820 and 435 for the CPMA routing protocol.

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13

Dickau, Matthew, Tyler J. Johnson, Kevin Thomson, Greg Smallwood, and Jason S. Olfert. "Demonstration of the CPMA-Electrometer System for Calibrating Black Carbon Particulate Mass Instruments." Aerosol Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (February 5, 2015): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1010033.

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14

Katayama, Mitsunori, Nicholas F. Tsinoremas, Takao Kondo, and Susan S. Golden. "cpmA, a Gene Involved in an Output Pathway of the Cyanobacterial Circadian System." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 11 (June 1, 1999): 3516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.11.3516-3524.1999.

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ABSTRACT We generated random mutations in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 to look for genes of output pathways in the cyanobacterial circadian system. A derivative of transposon Tn5 was introduced into the chromosomes of reporter strains in which cyanobacterial promoters drive the Vibrio harveyi luxAB genes and produce an oscillation of bioluminescence as a function of circadian gene expression. Among low-amplitude mutants, one mutant, tnp6, had an insertion in a 780-bp open reading frame. The tnp6 mutation produced an altered circadian phasing phenotype in the expression rhythms of psbAI::luxAB,psbAII::luxAB, andkaiA::luxAB but had no or little effect on those of psbAIII::luxAB,purF::luxAB,kaiB::luxAB,rpoD2::luxAB,ndhD::luxAB, andconII::luxAB. This suggests that the interrupted gene in tnp6, named cpmA (circadian phase modifier), is part of a circadian output pathway that regulates the expression rhythms of psbAI, psbAII, andkaiA.

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15

Yuan, Kai, Cheng Chen, Xin Wang, Winnie Chiu-wing Chu, and Raymond Kai-yu Tong. "BCI Training Effects on Chronic Stroke Correlate with Functional Reorganization in Motor-Related Regions: A Concurrent EEG and fMRI Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010056.

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Brain–computer interface (BCI)-guided robot-assisted training strategy has been increasingly applied to stroke rehabilitation, while few studies have investigated the neuroplasticity change and functional reorganization after intervention from multimodality neuroimaging perspective. The present study aims to investigate the hemodynamic and electrophysical changes induced by BCI training using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) respectively, as well as the relationship between the neurological changes and motor function improvement. Fourteen chronic stroke subjects received 20 sessions of BCI-guided robot hand training. Simultaneous EEG and fMRI data were acquired before and immediately after the intervention. Seed-based functional connectivity for resting-state fMRI data and effective connectivity analysis for EEG were processed to reveal the neuroplasticity changes and interaction between different brain regions. Moreover, the relationship among motor function improvement, hemodynamic changes, and electrophysical changes derived from the two neuroimaging modalities was also investigated. This work suggested that (a) significant motor function improvement could be obtained after BCI training therapy, (b) training effect significantly correlated with functional connectivity change between ipsilesional M1 (iM1) and contralesional Brodmann area 6 (including premotor area (cPMA) and supplementary motor area (SMA)) derived from fMRI, (c) training effect significantly correlated with information flow change from cPMA to iM1 and strongly correlated with information flow change from SMA to iM1 derived from EEG, and (d) consistency of fMRI and EEG results illustrated by the correlation between functional connectivity change and information flow change. Our study showed changes in the brain after the BCI training therapy from chronic stroke survivors and provided a better understanding of neural mechanisms, especially the interaction among motor-related brain regions during stroke recovery. Besides, our finding demonstrated the feasibility and consistency of combining multiple neuroimaging modalities to investigate the neuroplasticity change.

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16

Marcineiro, Nazareno, Fábio Henrique Machado, Felipe Souza Dutra, and Igor Noberto Camelo. "METODOLOGIA DE PRIORIZAÇÃO DAS NATUREZAS DE INFRAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS PARA EMPREGO DA POLÍCIA MILITAR AMBIENTAL CATARINENSE." Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Segurança Pública (RIBSP) 3, no. 7 (August 19, 2020): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36776/ribsp.v3i7.93.

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A Polícia Militar de Santa Catarina, através do Comando de Policiamento Militar Ambiental (CPMA), desenvolve diversas ações nas áreas de fiscalização ambiental. Os esforços desta unidade especializada são destinados quase que em sua totalidade ao atendimento de denúncias provenientes da população em geral. O nível de complexidade da atividade desenvolvida e a quantidade de ocorrências recebidas são desproporcionais aos recursos existentes, acarretando na impossibilidade do atendimento de toda a demanda. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a priorização das ocorrências de infrações ambientais de diferentes naturezas, quer sejam administrativas ou penais, através de métodos comparativos já conhecidos como a matriz GUT e a comparação Par a Par. Como resultado, atribui-se pontuação às diversas naturezas de infrações, possibilitando ao Comandante da unidade, alocar recursos de forma mais eficiente para o atendimento das ocorrências mais relevantes ao meio ambiente e à sociedade.

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17

Inglés, Cándido J., Agustin E. Martínez-González, Antonio Valle, José M. García-Fernández, and Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban. "Conducta prosocial y motivación académica en estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria obligatoria." Universitas Psychologica 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2010): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy10-2.cpma.

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Este estudio analizó la relación entre conducta prosocial y metas académicas en una muestra de 2.022 estudiantes españoles. La conducta prosocial fue medida con la escala de Conducta Prosocial del Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) y las metas académicas mediante el Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ). Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes con alta conducta prosocial presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en metas de aprendizaje y logro. La conducta prosocial fue un predictor positivo y estadísticamente significativo de metas de aprendizaje y logro. Además, las metas de aprendizaje y logro fueron predictores positivos y estadísticamente significativos de la conducta prosocial, mientas que las metas de refuerzo social fueron un predictor negativo y estadísticamente significativo de la conducta prosocial.

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18

Gomez, Laurent, Françoise Gellibert, Alain Wagner, and Charles Mioskowski. "(Chloro-phenylthio-methylene)dimethylammonium chloride (CPMA) an efficient reagent for selective chlorination and bromination of primary alcohols." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 32 (August 2000): 6049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00940-0.

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19

Hatanaka, Takeshi, Satoru Kakizaki, Tamon Nagashima, Masashi Namikawa, Takashi Ueno, Hiroki Tojima, Daichi Takizawa, et al. "Liver Function Changes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib: Predictive Factors of Progression to Child-Pugh Class B, the Formation of Ascites and the Candidates for the Post-Progression Treatment." Cancers 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102906.

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The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to assess the change in liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib. Among 139 consecutive patients receiving lenvatinib treatment between March 2018 and July 2019, 28 patients with Child-Pugh class B and one patient with inadequate patient information were excluded. Remaining 110 patients with Child-Pugh class A were analyzed. The median age of 110 patients was 73 years (IQR 66.7–80) and 88 patients (80.0%) were men. Child-Pugh score was 5 (CP5A) and 6 (CP6A) in 58 (52.7%) and 52 patients (47.3%), and ALBI grade was 1 and 2 in 38 (34.5%) and 72 patients (65.5%), respectively. The deterioration to Child-Pugh class B was found in 43 patients (39.1%) during the lenvatinib treatment. The favorable factors related to preserving liver function were significantly shown to be male, ALBI grade 1, CP5A and BCLC early or intermediate stage in the multivariate analysis. The formation of ascites was found in 32 patients (28.6%). The significant unfavorable factors associated with the formation of ascites were found to be low platelet count and CP6A. Among the 79 patients, there were 36 (45.6%) and 11 patients (13.9%) who fulfilled the criteria for candidate for the post-progression treatment and ramucirumab treatment, respectively. The predictive factors of the post-progression treatment were shown to be ALBI grade 1 and CP5A in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, male, ALBI grade 1, CP5A and BCLC early or intermediate stage were favorable factors related to sustaining liver function and the patients with ALBI grade 1 and CP5A were eligible for the post-progression treatment. Careful screening for ascites was needed in patients with low platelet count and CP6A.

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20

Gomez, Laurent, Silvère Ngouela, Françoise Gellibert, Alain Wagner, and Charles Mioskowski. "(Chloro-phenylthio-methylene)dimethylammonium chloride (CPMA): a new coupling reagent for the formation of ester and amide bond." Tetrahedron Letters 43, no. 42 (October 2002): 7597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01763-x.

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21

Nguyen, Tu T., Pham Thanh Tung, and Kobir Hossain. "Evaluation of modulus of elasticity for eco-friendly concrete made with seawater and marine sand." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - HUCE 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce(nuce)2021-15(4)-13.

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The ultimate aim of this study is to use experimental work for evaluating the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) using marine sand as fine aggregate and seawater for the mix. Four different groups of concrete mixtures, namely CP1a, CP1b, CP2a, CP2b were identified. While the CP1a mix was prepared using GPC with marine sand and seawater, the CP1b was made by adding sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) into the CP1a mix. The same procedure was applied for CP2a and CP2b mixtures; however, instead of using GPC, Portland Cement was used as the binder for the CP2 group (OPC). A total of 12 test samples were cast and tested to determine the development of MOE of GPC and OPC over time. The MOE of concrete was measured at 3, 7, 28, 60, and 120 days. Experimental results were then compared to the MOE obtained using the empirical equation from ACI 318 - 2008. It was found that the experimental MOE of both OPC and GPC specimens was higher than the estimated MOE values from ACI standards. The added sodium sulfate yielded a significant effect on the MOE of OPC but produced a minimal influence on the MOE of GPC.

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22

Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 3, 2011): 4937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-4937-2011.

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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a stable quantity and largely unaffected by differences in aerosol generation procedures and suspension treatments. The effective density of fullerene soot particles from one production lot was also found to be stable and independent of suspension treatments. Some difference to previous literature data was observed for both Aquadag and fullerene soot at larger particle diameters. Knowledge of the exact relationship between mobility diameter and particle mass is of great importance, as DMAs are commonly used to size-select particles from BC reference materials for calibration of single particle soot photometers (SP2), which quantitatively detect the BC mass in single particles.

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23

Sanyal, Rajarshi, Ernestina Cianca, and Ramjee Prasad. "Novel WLL Architecture Based on Color Pixel Multiple Access Implemented on a Terrestrial Video Network as the Overlay." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2013010105.

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Light waves of different wavelengths and frequencies manifest in various colors. Color can be formulated electronically by video processing technologies for the purpose of multimedia, image processing and entertainment. Optoelectronic devices like DWDM use optical signals of various wave lengths for conveying data symbols from one end to other. The big question is: Is it feasible to implement color synthesized by the video systems for the purpose of telecommunications? In this paper we propose the ‘Color Pixel Multiple Access’ scheme for the radio access network and Color Pixel Multiplexing for core network, by implementing electronic color as a tool for addressing and bearing data overhead. The present day video systems that can generate millions of colors, in its electronic form have been utilized to set up a wireless network, serving mobile stations or computers as its nodes. The state of the art Wireless Local Loop deployments are based on the traditional cellular technologies. However there are limitations in terms of intricacy, cost and time to deploy .In this paper, the authors introduce a Wireless Local Loop architecture employing the proposed CPMA technique on existing overlay video/television network. Further we corroborate the advantages.

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Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 12 (December 22, 2011): 2851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2851-2011.

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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a stable quantity and largely unaffected by differences in aerosol generation procedures and suspension treatments. The effective density of fullerene soot particles from one production lot was also found to be stable and independent of suspension treatments. Some differences to previous literature data were observed for both Aquadag and fullerene soot at larger particle diameters. Knowledge of the exact relationship between mobility diameter and particle mass is of great importance, as DMAs are commonly used to size-select particles from BC reference materials for calibration of single particle soot photometers (SP2), which quantitatively detect the BC mass in single particles.

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Gomez, Laurent, Francoise Gellibert, Alain Wagner, and Charles Mioskowski. "ChemInform Abstract: (Chloro-phenylthio-methylene)dimethylammonium Chloride (CPMA): An Efficient Reagent for Selective Chlorination and Bromination of Primary Alcohols." ChemInform 31, no. 44 (October 31, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200044050.

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Naiyl, Rania A., Fredrick O. Kengara, Kirimi H. Kiriamiti, and Yousif A. Ragab. "Lipid extraction from microalgae using pure caprolactam-based ionic liquids and with organic co-solvent." PeerJ Analytical Chemistry 4 (February 22, 2022): e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.13.

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Анотація:

Background The main process limitation of microalgae biofuel technology is lack of cost-effective and efficient lipid extraction methods. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of six caprolactam-based ionic liquids (CPILs) namely, Caprolactamium chloride, Caprolactamium methyl sulphonate, Caprolactamium trifluoromethane sulfonate, Caprolactamium acetate, Caprolactamium hydrogen sulphate and Caprolactamium trifluoromethane-acetate—for extraction of lipids from wet and dry Spirulina platensis microalgae biomass. Of these, the first three are novel CPILs. Methods The caprolactam-based ionic liquids (CPILs) were formed by a combination of caprolactam with different organic and inorganic Brønsted acids, and used for lipid extraction from wet and dry S. platensis microalgae biomass. Extraction of microalgae was performed in a reflux at 95 °C for 2 h using pure CPILs and mixtures of CPIL with methanol (as co-solvent) in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The microalgae biomass was mixed with the ILs/ methanol in a ratio of 1:19 (w/w) under magnetic stirring. Results The yield by control experiment from dry and wet biomass was found to be 9.5% and 4.1%, respectively. A lipid recovery of 10% from dry biomass was recorded with both caprolactamium acetate (CPAA) and caprolactamium trifluoroacetate (CPTFA), followed by caprolactamium chloride (CPHA, 9.3 ± 0.1%). When the CPILs were mixed with methanol, observable lipids’ yield enhancement of 14% and 8% (CPAA), 13% and 5% (CPTFA), and 11% and 6% (CPHA) were recorded from dry and wet biomass, respectively. The fatty acid composition showed that C16 and C18 were dominant, and this is comparable to results obtained from the traditional solvent (methanol-hexane) extraction method. The lower level of pigments in the lipids extracted with CPHA and CPTFA is one of the advantages of using CPILs because they lower the cost of biodiesel production by reducing the purification steps. Conclusion In conclusion, the three CPILs, CPAA, CPHA and CPTFA can be considered as promising green solvents in terms of energy and cost saving in the lipid extraction and thus biodiesel production process.

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Dvornyk, Volodymyr, and Akhee Sabiha Jahan. "Extreme Conservation and Non-Neutral Evolution of the cpmA Circadian Locus in a Globally Distributed Chroococcidiopsis sp. from Naturally Stressful Habitats." Molecular Biology and Evolution 29, no. 12 (July 25, 2012): 3899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss191.

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Ferrini, A. M., V. Mannoni, and P. Aureli. "Combined Plate Microbial Assay (CPMA): A 6-plate-method for simultaneous first and second level screening of antibacterial residues in meat." Food Additives and Contaminants 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030500307131.

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Corbin, Joel C., Alireza Moallemi, Fengshan Liu, Stéphanie Gagné, Jason S. Olfert, Greg J. Smallwood, and Prem Lobo. "Closure between particulate matter concentrations measured ex situ by thermal–optical analysis and in situ by the CPMA–electrometer reference mass system." Aerosol Science and Technology 54, no. 11 (July 20, 2020): 1293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1788710.

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Stephen Oladeji, Babatunde, and Adeniran Omotoso Badmus. "Physico-chemical and sensory properties of cereal/legume-substituted cocoa-based beverage." Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2013-0022.

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Анотація:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a cereal/legume-substituted cocoa-based beverage using cocoa powder, malted sorghum flour, soybean flour and defatted melon seed flour and to evaluate their physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory properties. Design/methodology/approach – Malted sorghum was prepared; flours of soybean and defatted melon were also prepared separately. Two samples were formulated, the first formulation tagged CPM1 contained 60, 10, 20 and 10 per cent of cocoa powder, malted sorghum, soybean flour and melon flour, respectively, and the second sample tagged CPM2 contained 65, 05, 20 and 10 per cent of cocoa powder, malted sorghum, soybean flour and melon flour, respectively. A commercial product (Noble Vita) was purchased from local market as reference sample. Findings – Protein contents of formulated samples (16.93 and10.58 per cent for samples CPM1 and CPM2, respectively) are higher than that of the Noble Vita (6.35 per cent). The vitamin C content of the formulated samples was found to be 13.38 and 13.50 mg/100 g, an improvement from that of the reference sample (6.13 mg/100 g). Significant difference exists in the overall acceptability between the formulated samples and the reference sample (p < 0.05), and the formulated samples were more acceptable. Originality/value – Formulated samples are nutritionally richer than the reference sample and that they are capable of supplying limiting nutrients in the diet of majority in the developing countries.

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Hussain, Azham, Chow Chun Leong, Nurnasran Puteh, and Zarul Fitri Zaaba. "Requirement Model of Conference Management System: A Mobile App for Creating and Managing Conference Paper." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i11.11280.

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Анотація:

Technology have changed the way we work. This have increased the productivity in the workplace. The purpose of having conference paper s app is to aid researcher to improve the effectiveness and efficiency on management of conference paper.Without a proper management of these matters, people might suffer from theinconvenient by using desktop system to complete certain tasks and monitor them efficiently. However, based on investigating existing applications, a few shortcomings have been identified. Certain shortcoming leads us to develop a new mobile application to fix the identified shortcomings. Some others include complex navigation of user interfaces this cause a poor user experience for user. Hence, this project proposes a development of a mobile application that is called CPMA to serve as a better alternative of tool to allow users managing and monitoring any related conference paper matters in more efficient way.This app specifically targeted for researcher in higher learning institutions who are needed to proceed with conference paper. Software development methodology named prototyping will be adapted which consisted of phases such as planning, repeated phases (analysis, design, implementation and system prototype), implementation and final system. The essential significant of this project is to provide a platform for researcher to manage and monitor conference paper in a savvy manner. By the time of completing this project, users are expected to access this application without any costs and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of managing conference paper.to ensure the security is presented in a tabular form for each online marketplace.

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Liu, Hang, Xiaole Pan, Dantong Liu, Xiaoyong Liu, Xueshun Chen, Yu Tian, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang. "Mixing characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols at an urban site in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 9 (May 14, 2020): 5771–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5771-2020.

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Abstract. Black carbon aerosols play an important role in climate change because they directly absorb solar radiation. In this study, the mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC) at an urban site in Beijing in the early summer of 2018 was studied with a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) as well as a tandem observation system with a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). The results demonstrated that the mass-equivalent size distribution of rBC exhibited an approximately lognormal distribution with a mass median diameter (MMD) of 171 nm. When the site experienced prevailing southerly winds, the MMD of rBC increased notably, by 19 %. During the observational period, the ratio of the diameter of rBC-containing particles (Dp) to the rBC core (Dc) was 1.20 on average for Dc=180 nm, indicating that the majority of rBC particles were thinly coated. The Dp∕Dc value exhibited a clear diurnal pattern, with a maximum at 14:00 LST and a Dp growth rate of 2.3 nm h−1; higher Ox conditions increased the coating growth rate. The microphysical properties of rBC were also studied. Bare rBC particles were mostly found in fractal structures with a mass fractal dimensions (Dfm) of 2.35, with limited variation during both clean and polluted periods. The morphology of rBC changed with coating thickness increasing. When the mass ratio of nonrefractory matter to rBC (MR) was <1.5, rBC-containing particles were primarily found in external fractal structures, and they changed to a core–shell structure when MR>6, at which point the measured scattering cross section of rBC-containing particles was consistent with that based on the Mie-scattering simulation. We found that only 28 % of the rBC-containing particles were in core–shell structures with a particle mass of 10 fg in the clean period but that proportion increased considerably, to 45 %, in the polluted period. Due to the morphology change, the absorption enhancement (Eabs) was 12 % lower than that predicted for core–shell structures.

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Liu, Hang, Xiaole Pan, Yu Wu, Dawei Wang, Yu Tian, Xiaoyong Liu, Lu Lei, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang. "Effective densities of soot particles and their relationships with the mixing state at an urban site in the Beijing megacity in the winter of 2018." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 23 (December 9, 2019): 14791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14791-2019.

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Abstract. The effective density (ρeff) of refractory black carbon (rBC) is a key parameter relevant to its mixing state that imposes great uncertainty in evaluating the direct radiation forcing effect. In this study, a tandem differential mobility analyzer–centrifugal particle analyzer–single-particle soot photometer (DMA–CPMA–SP2) system was used to investigate the relationship between the effective density (ρeff) and the mixing state of rBC particles during the winter of 2018 in the Beijing megacity. During the experiment, aerosols with a known mobility diameter (Dmob) and known ρeff values (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 g cm−3) were precisely selected and measured by the SP2 to obtain their corresponding mixing states. The results showed that the ρeff well represented the morphological variation in rBC-containing particles. The rBC-containing particles changed from an irregular structure to a compact spherical structure with the increase in ρeff. A ρeff value of 1.4 g cm−3 was the morphological transition point. The morphology and ρeff value of the rBC-containing particles were intrinsically related to the mass ratio of non-refractory matter to rBC (MR). As the ρeff values of the rBC-containing particles increased from 0.8 to 1.8 g cm−3, the MR of the rBC-containing particles significantly increased from 2 up to 6–8, indicating that atmospheric aging processes were likely to lead to the reconstruction of more compact and regular particle shapes. During the observation period, the ρeff of the majority of rBC-containing particles was smaller than the morphology transition point independent of the pollution conditions. This suggested that the major rBC-containing particles did not have a spherical structure. Simulation based on an aggregate model considering the morphological information of the particles demonstrated that absorption enhancement of rBC-containing particles could be overestimated by ∼ 17 % by using a core–shell model. This study highlights the strong dependence of the morphology of ambient rBC-containing particles on ρeff and will be helpful for elucidating the microphysical characteristics of rBC and reducing uncertainty in the evaluation of rBC climate effects and health risks.

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Zhou, Yaqing, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, et al. "Bimodal distribution of size-resolved particle effective density: results from a short campaign in a rural environment over the North China Plain." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 3 (February 14, 2022): 2029–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022.

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Abstract. Effective density is one of the most important physical properties of atmospheric particles. It is closely linked to particle chemical composition and morphology and could provide special information on particle emissions and aging processes. In this study, size-resolved particle effective density was measured with a combined differential mobility analyzer–centrifugal particle mass analyzer–condensation particle counter (DMA–CPMA–CPC) system in autumn 2019 as part of the Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the North China Plain (McFAN). With a newly developed flexible Gaussian fit algorithm, frequent (77 %–87 %) bimodal distribution of particle effective density is identified, with a low-density mode (named sub-density mode) accounting for 22 %–27 % of the total number of observed particles. The prevalence of the sub-density mode is closely related to fresh black carbon (BC) emissions. The geometric mean for the main density mode (ρ‾eff,main) increases from 1.18 ± 0.10 g cm−3 (50 nm) to 1.37 ± 0.12 g cm−3 (300 nm) due to a larger fraction of high-density components and a more significant restructuring effect at large particle sizes but decreases from 0.89 ± 0.08 g cm−3 (50 nm) to 0.62 ± 0.12 g cm−3 (300 nm) for the sub-density mode (ρ‾eff,sub), which could be mainly ascribed to the agglomerate effect of BC. ρ‾eff,main and ρ‾eff,sub show similar diurnal cycles with peaks in the early afternoon, mainly attributed to the increasing mass fraction of high material density components associated with secondary aerosol production, especially of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA). To investigate the impact of chemical composition, bulk particle effective density was calculated based on measured chemical composition (ρeff,ACSM) and compared to the average effective density at 300 nm (ρ‾eff,tot,300nm). The best agreement between the two densities is achieved when assuming a BC effective density of 0.60 g cm−3. The particle effective density is highly dependent on SIA and BC mass fractions. The influence of BC on the effective density is even stronger than SIA, implying the importance and necessity of including BC in the estimate of effective density for ambient particles.

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Ma, Song Jiang, Mei Ling Fu, Fang Wen Li, Nian Fen Wu, Juan Yang, Hai Wu Jia, Bing Wang, and Rui Cheng. "Preparation of a New Inorganic-Organic Composite Dual-Coagulant and Application of Oily Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.523.

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A new inorganic-organic composite dual-coagulant (PAFC-CPAM) was prepared by polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and its treatment efficiency for oily wastewater was evaluated by coagulation jar tests. PAFC-CPAM dual-coagulants were characterized by FT-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectra illustrated that there were some chemical reactions between PAFC and CPAM in PAFC-CPAM. SEM micrographs testified that PAFC-CPAM formed compact net structure which is different from PAFC and CPAM, resulting to its outstanding coagulation performance other than monomeric coagulant in treating oily wastewater. Coagulation jar tests presented that PAFC-CPAM improved 1.14% and 0.38% of oil removal rate and reduced 0.35NTU and 0.06NTU of residual turbidity than PAFC and CPAM respectively at the optimal dosage of 120mg/L. PAFC-CPAM enhanced 4.56% and 2.12% of oil removal efficiency and decreased 0.27NTU and 0.01NTU of residual turbidity on average in comparison with PAFC and CPAM respectively in the pH range of 4.0-8.0. All of above-mentioned experiment results demonstrated that PAFC-CPAM behaved superior coagulation performance than PAFC and CPAM.

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Chen, Fu Shan, Huan Fei Xu, Xiu Ying Jiang, and Song Lin Wang. "Effects of PEI as ATC on the Retention and Drainage of APMP." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1587.

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The impact of highly cationic density polymers such as modified poly-ethyleneimine(PEI), as anionic trash catcher(ATC) on the drainage and retention properties of aspen alkaline hydrogen peroxide mechanical pulp(APMP) in different CPAM(/bentonite) systems was studied. The results showed that Modified PEI could improve the retention and drainage properties of CPAM/ bentonite systems; when adding 0.02% dosage of PEI, the drainage and retention rate were increased by 16.0% and 1.9% respectively as compared to control with 0.03% dosage of the CPAM with 1.55 meq/g cationic charge density and 4.9 million molecular weight, which denoted by CPAM(W/W); the drainage and retention rate were increased by 28.6% and 3.0% respectively as compared to the control with 0.03% dosage of CPAM(W/W) and 0.3% dosage of bentonite. The CPAM with more cationic charge density and higher molecular weight than the CPAM(W/W) is denoted by CPAM(W/O) in this paper. The microparticle system which consisted with PEI and the CPAM(W/O)(/bentonite) was slightly superior to the PEI/CPAM(W/W)/bentonite system. When 0.02% dosage of PEI and 0.03% dosage of CPAM were added respectively, PEI/CPAM(W/O) made the drainage and retention rate increased by 9.5% and 1.9% respectively as compared with PEI/CPAM(W/W).

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Radenković, Miroslav, Marko Stojanović, Radmila Janković, Mirko Topalović, and Milica Stojiljković. "Combined Contribution of Endothelial Relaxing Autacoides in the Rat Femoral Artery Response to CPCA: An Adenosine A2Receptor Agonist." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/143818.

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We examined the contribution of endothelial relaxing factors and potassium channels in actions of CPCA, potent adenosine A2receptor agonist, on isolated intact male rat femoral artery (FA). CPCA produced concentration-dependent relaxation of FA, which was notably, but not completely, reduced after endothelial denudation. DPCPX, A1receptor antagonist, had no significant effect, while SCH 58261 (A2Areceptor antagonist) notably reduced CPCA-evoked effect. Pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase comparably reduced CPCA-evoked action, still in a lesser degree than after denudation. In the presence of buffer with high K+(100 mM), CPCA-produced relaxations were almost abolished. TEA (nonselective KCablocker), glibenclamide (KATPblocker), Ba++(KIRblocker), or ouabain (Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor) did not change CPCA-induced relaxation. Concentration-response curve for CPCA was significantly shifted to the right after the incubation of apamin (SK channel blocker). CPCA produced concentration-dependent relaxation of FA that was partly dependent on endothelial cells. Endothelium-related portion of CPCA-elicited effect was mediated by combined action of endothelial NO, prostacyclin, and EDHF after activation of endothelial A2Areceptors. Small conductance KCachannels were involved in this action.

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Hoffmann, Bernd, Oliver Valerius, Meike Andermann, and Gerhard H. Braus. "Transcriptional Autoregulation and Inhibition of mRNA Translation of Amino Acid Regulator GenecpcAof Filamentous FungusAspergillus nidulans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 9 (September 2001): 2846–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.9.2846.

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The CPCA protein of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans is a member of the c-Jun-like transcriptional activator family. It acts as central transcription factor of the cross-pathway regulatory network of amino acid biosynthesis and is functionally exchangeable for the general control transcriptional activator Gcn4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to GCN4, expression of cpcA is strongly regulated by two equally important mechanisms with additive effects that lead to a fivefold increased CPCA protein amount under amino acid starvation conditions. One component of cpcA regulation involves a transcriptional autoregulatory mechanism via a CPCA recognition element (CPRE) in the cpcA promoter that causes a sevenfold increased cpcA mRNA level when cells are starved for amino acids. Point mutations in the CPRE cause a constitutively low mRNA level of cpcA and a halved protein level when amino acids are limited. Moreover, two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ region of thecpcA mRNA are important for a translational regulatory mechanism. Destruction of both short uORFs results in a sixfold increased CPCA protein level under nonstarvation conditions and a 10-fold increase under starvation conditions. Mutations in both the CPRE and uORF regulatory elements lead to an intermediate effect, with a low cpcA mRNA level but a threefold increased CPCA protein level independent of amino acid availability. These data argue for a combined regulation of cpcA that includes a translational regulation like that of yeast GCN4 as well as a transcriptional regulation like that of the mammalianjun and fos genes.

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Yu, Chenjie, Dantong Liu, Kurtis Broda, Rutambhara Joshi, Jason Olfert, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hugh Coe, and James D. Allan. "Characterising mass-resolved mixing state of black carbon in Beijing using a morphology-independent measurement method." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (March 26, 2020): 3645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3645-2020.

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Анотація:

Abstract. Refractory black carbon (rBC) in the atmosphere is known for its significant impacts on climate. The relationship between the microphysical and optical properties of rBC remains poorly understood and is influenced by its size and mixing state. Mixing state also influences its cloud scavenging potential and thus atmospheric lifetime. This study presents a coupling of a centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA) and a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) for the morphology-independent quantification of the mixing state of rBC-containing particles, used in the urban site of Beijing as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health–Beijing (APHH-Beijing) project during winter (10 November–10 December 2016) and summer (18 May–25 June 2017). This represents a highly dynamic polluted environment with a wide variety of conditions that could be considered representative of megacity area sources in Asia. An inversion method (used for the first time on atmospheric aerosols) is applied to the measurements to present two-variable distributions of both rBC mass and total mass of rBC-containing particles and calculate the mass-resolved mixing state of rBC-containing particles, using previously published metrics. The mass ratio between non-rBC material and rBC material (MR) is calculated to determine the thickness of a hypothetical coating if the rBC and other material followed a concentric sphere model (the equivalent coating thickness). The bulk MR (MRbulk) was found to vary between 2 and 12 in winter and between 2 and 3 in summer. This mass-resolved mixing state is used to derive the mass-weighted mixing state index for the rBC-containing particles (χrBC). χrBC quantifies how uniformly the non-rBC material is distributed across the rBC-containing-particle population, with 100 % representing uniform mixing. The χrBC in Beijing varied between 55 % and 70 % in winter depending on the dominant air masses, and χrBC was highly correlated with increased MRbulk and PM1 mass concentration in winter, whereas χrBC in summer varied significantly (ranging 60 %–75 %) within the narrowly distributed MRbulk and was found to be independent of air mass sources. In some model treatments, it is assumed that more atmospheric ageing causes the BC to tend towards a more homogeneous mixture, but this leads to the conclusion that the MRbulk may only act as a predictor of χrBC in winter. The particle morphology-independent and mass-based information on BC mixing used in this and future studies can be applied to mixing-state-aware models investigating atmospheric rBC ageing.

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Fu, Chaochen, Zhengan Zhang, Yuying Li, Lin Li, Hongtian Wang, Shaobo Liu, Xia Hua, and Bailian Li. "Optimizing the Flocculation Effect of Cationic Polyacrylamide Prepared with UV-Initiated Polymerization by Response Surface Methodology." Water 15, no. 6 (March 20, 2023): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061200.

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Анотація:

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a commonly used flocculant for water treatment. Factors that affect the flocculation effect and can be controlled manually include the type and dosage of CPAM, wastewater pH, stirring time and settling time, and their reasonable setting is critical to the flocculation effect of CPAM. In this paper, the optimal flocculation conditions of a novel CPAM were studied. First, single-factor tests were conducted to preliminarily explore the optimal range of factors that influence CPAM flocculation, and then response surface methodology (RSM) tests were performed to accurately determine the optimums of the influencing factors. The results showed that the flocculation effect was better when the intrinsic viscosity was larger or the cationic degree of CPAM was higher. The CPAM dosage, wastewater pH and stirring time significantly impacted the flocculation effect, and inflection points were observed. A model that could guide CPAM-8.14-40.2 flocculation was obtained by RSM tests. The model optimization showed that the optimal flocculation conditions of CPAM-8.14-40.2 for treating wastewater prepared with kaolin were as follows: the CPAM dosage, wastewater pH and stirring time were 5.83 mg·L−1, 7.28, and 5.95 min, respectively, and the turbidity of the treated wastewater was reduced to 6.24 NTU.

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Wang, Hai Peng, Rong Zhang, Zhao Yi He, and Jian Zhuang Wang. "Deformation Behaviors of Dilution Type Cold Patch Asphalt Mixture under Different Stress Modes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.114.

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In order to comprehensively evaluate the performance of dilution type cold patch asphalt mixture (CPAM), basic performances and deformation behaviors of dilution type CPAM under different stress modes were tested. The compaction performance and stability increasing property of CPAM were tested by rotation compaction test and Marshall stability test. The deformation behaviors of CPAM were tested by rolling test, small beam bending test and penetration shear test. Results show that when the using temperature is below 25°C, the compaction ability of CPAM is affected by temperature. The evaporation rate of organic solvents is slow, and affects the strength growing and rolling deformation behavior. It needs about 10d for the stability of CPAM rising to 3kN. The residue of organic solvents may lead the deformation of CPAM to constantly instability under rolling load. The stretching deformation and penetration shear deformation are affected by temperature. The low temperature and high temperature performance of CPAM is below standard requirements of hot asphalt mixture (HMA).

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Kim, Han-Suk, Sung-Min Kim, Hyun-Jung Lee, Soon-Jung Park, and Kyu-Ho Lee. "Expression of the cpdA Gene, Encoding a 3′,5′-Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Phosphodiesterase, Is Positively Regulated by the cAMP-cAMP Receptor Protein Complex." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 3 (November 21, 2008): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01350-08.

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ABSTRACT The intracellular level of cyclic 3′,5′-AMP (cAMP), a signaling molecule that mediates a variety of cellular processes, is finely modulated by the regulation of its synthesis, excretion, and degradation. In this study, cAMP phosphodiesterase (CpdA), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to AMP, was characterized in a pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus. The cpdA gene exists in an operon composed of mutT, yqiB, cpdA, and yqiA, the transcription of which was initiated at position −22 upstream of mutT. A cpdA-null mutant of V. vulnificus contained significantly higher levels of cAMP than the wild type but showed no detectable cAMP when a multicopy plasmid of the cpdA gene was provided in trans, suggesting that CpdA is responsible for cAMP degradation. Cellular contents of the CpdA protein decreased dramatically in both cya and crp mutants. In addition, levels of expression of the cpdA::luxAB transcription fusion decreased in cya and crp mutants. The level of expression of cpdA::luxAB in the cya mutant increased in a concentration-dependent manner upon the exogenous addition of cAMP. The cAMP-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex bound directly to the upstream region of mutT, which includes a putative CRP-binding sequence centered at position −95.5 relative to the transcription start site. Site-directed mutagenesis or the deletion of this sequence in the cpdA::luxAB transcription fusion resulted in the loss of regulation by cAMP and CRP. Thus, this study demonstrates that CpdA plays a crucial role in determining the intracellular cAMP level and shows for the first time that the expression of cpdA is activated by the cAMP-CRP complex via direct binding to the regulatory region.

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Liu, Lei Li, Rui Xia Su, and Xiao Li. "Study on Synthesis and Performance of Collagen-Modified Polylactide." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.223.

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In this paper, collagen modified polylactide (CPLA) was synthesized by means of graft modification, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and FITC-labeled fluorescence spectra. The performance of CPLA was characterized with hydrophilicity test and degradability test. The results showed that collagen had successfully grafted on the polylactide (PLA) and the graft ratio of collagen on CPLA was about 5%. The water absorotion of CPLA was significantly higher than PLA and its hydrophilicity was better than PLA. Moreover, there was no obvious acid-catalyzed self-accelerating degradation behavior in the degradation process of CPLA. The results suggested that CPLA showed a great potential as particles for drug delivery.

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44

Biswas, Avijit, M. Nazim Boutaghou, Richard M. Alvey, Christina M. Kronfel, Richard B. Cole, Donald A. Bryant, and Wendy M. Schluchter. "Characterization of the Activities of the CpeY, CpeZ, and CpeS Bilin Lyases in Phycoerythrin Biosynthesis in Fremyella diplosiphon Strain UTEX 481." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 41 (August 24, 2011): 35509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.284281.

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When grown in green light, Fremyella diplosiphon strain UTEX 481 produces the red-colored protein phycoerythrin (PE) to maximize photosynthetic light harvesting. PE is composed of two subunits, CpeA and CpeB, which carry two and three phycoerythrobilin (PEB) chromophores, respectively, that are attached to specific Cys residues via thioether linkages. Specific bilin lyases are hypothesized to catalyze each PEB ligation. Using a heterologous, coexpression system in Escherichia coli, the PEB ligation activities of putative lyase subunits CpeY, CpeZ, and CpeS were tested on the CpeA and CpeB subunits from F. diplosiphon. Purified His6-tagged CpeA, obtained by coexpressing cpeA, cpeYZ, and the genes for PEB synthesis, had absorbance and fluorescence emission maxima at 566 and 574 nm, respectively. CpeY alone, but not CpeZ, could ligate PEB to CpeA, but the yield of CpeA-PEB was lower than achieved with CpeY and CpeZ together. Studies with site-specific variants of CpeA(C82S and C139S), together with mass spectrometric analysis of trypsin-digested CpeA-PEB, revealed that CpeY/CpeZ attached PEB at Cys82 of CpeA. The CpeS bilin lyase ligated PEB at both Cys82 and Cys139 of CpeA but very inefficiently; the yield of PEB ligated at Cys82 was much lower than observed with CpeY or CpeY/CpeZ. However, CpeS efficiently attached PEB to Cys80 of CpeB but neither CpeY, CpeZ, nor CpeY/CpeZ could ligate PEB to CpeB.

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45

Izumi, Michi, Shinsuke Fujiwara, Masahiro Takagi, Shigenori Kanaya, and Tadayuki Imanaka. "Isolation and Characterization of a Second Subunit of Molecular Chaperonin from Pyrococcus kodakaraensis KOD1: Analysis of an ATPase-Deficient Mutant Enzyme." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.4.1801-1805.1999.

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ABSTRACT The cpkA gene encoding a second (α) subunit of archaeal chaperonin from Pyrococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CpkA was studied for chaperonin functions in comparison with CpkB (β subunit). The effect on decreasing the insoluble form of proteins was examined by coexpressing CpkA or CpkB with CobQ (cobyric acid synthase from P. kodakaraensis) in E. coli. The results indicate that both CpkA and CpkB effectively decrease the amount of the insoluble form of CobQ. Both CpkA and CpkB possessed the same ATPase activity as other bacterial and eukaryal chaperonins. The ATPase-deficient mutant proteins CpkA-D95K and CpkB-D95K were constructed by changing conserved Asp95 to Lys. Effect of the mutation on the ATPase activity and CobQ solubilization was examined. Neither mutant exhibited ATPase activity in vitro. Nevertheless, they decreased the amount of the insoluble form of CobQ by coexpression as did wild-type CpkA and CpkB. These results implied that both CpkA and CpkB could assist protein folding for nascent protein in E. coli without requiring energy from ATP hydrolysis.

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46

Jeon, You-kyoung, and Inhak Choi. "CPMA9, a newly immune checkpoint molecule, regulates T cell function." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 57.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.57.37.

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Abstract We identified a new immune checkpoint molecule, CPMA9, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). In TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data set, CPMA9 is highly expressed and associated with poor survival in human prostate, lung, liver, breast. Also, we showed that CPMA9 differentially expressed between responder and non-responder with Pembrolizumab, PD1 blockade, treated renal cell carcinoma patients (n=49). CPMA9 inhibits TCR mediated T cell activation through suppress of proliferation, various cytokine secretion. Furthermore, hydrodynamic injection of plasmid encoding CPMA9. Ig into mice that were immunized with ovalbumin inhibits T and B cell response to chicken OVA protein. These data suggest that CPMA9 directly inhibits T cell activation as new immune checkpoint.

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47

Mokhtari, Mostafa, Philippe Durand, Francesco Raimondi, Fiorella Migliaro, Alexandra Letourneau, Pierre Tissières, Daniele De Luca, and Nadya Yousef. "Lung Ultrasound Findings in Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 12 (May 1, 2018): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645861.

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Background and Objective Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a group of rare congenital malformations of the lung and airways. Lung ultrasound (LU) is increasingly used to diagnose neonatal respiratory diseases since it is quick, easy to learn, and radiation-free, but no formal data exist for congenital lung malformations. We aimed to describe LU findings in CPAM neonates needing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and to compare them with a control population. Methods A retrospective review of CPAM cases from three tertiary academic NICUs over 3 years (2014–2016) identified five patients with CPAM who had undergone LU examination. LU was compared with chest radiograms and computed tomography (CT) scans that were used as references. Results CPAM lesions were easily identified and corresponded well with CT scans; they varied from a single large cystic lesion, multiple hypoechoic lesions, and/or consolidation. The first two LU findings have not been described in other respiratory conditions and were not found in controls. Conclusion We provide the first description of LU findings in neonates with CPAM. LU may be used to confirm antenatally diagnosed CPAM and to suspect CPAM in infants with respiratory distress if cystic lung lesions are revealed. Further studies are necessary to define the place of LU in the management of CPAM.

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48

Gao, Le, Tadayuki Imanaka, and Shinsuke Fujiwara. "A Mutant Chaperonin That Is Functional at Lower Temperatures Enables Hyperthermophilic Archaea To Grow under Cold-Stress Conditions." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 16 (May 26, 2015): 2642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00279-15.

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ABSTRACTThermococcus kodakarensisgrows optimally at 85°C and possesses two chaperonins, cold-inducible CpkA and heat-inducible CpkB, which are involved in adaptation to low and high temperatures, respectively. The two chaperonins share a high sequence identity (77%), except in their C-terminal regions. CpkA, which contains tandem repeats of a GGM motif, shows its highest ATPase activity at 60°C to 70°C, whereas CpkB shows its highest activity at temperatures higher than 90°C. To clarify the effects of changes in ATPase activity on chaperonin function at lower temperatures, various CpkA variants were constructed by introducing single point mutations into the C-terminal region. A CpkA variant in which Glu530 was replaced with Gly (CpkA-E530G) showed increased ATPase activity, with its highest activity at 50°C. The efficacy of the CpkA variants against denatured indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase ofT. kodakarensis(TrpCTk), which is a CpkA target, was then examinedin vitro. CpkA-E530G was more effective than wild-type CpkA at facilitating the refolding of chemically unfolded TrpCTkat 50°C. The effect ofcpkA-E530Gon cell growth was then examined by introducingcpkA-E530Ginto the genome ofT. kodakarensisKU216 (pyrF). The mutant strain, DA4 (pyrF cpkA-E530G), grew as well as the parental KU216 strain at 60°C. In contrast, DA4 grew more vigorously than KU216 at 50°C. These results suggested that the CpkA-E530G mutation prevented cold denaturation of proteins under cold-stress conditions, thereby enabling cells to grow in cooler environments. Thus, a single base pair substitution in a chaperonin gene allows cells to grow vigorously in a new environment.IMPORTANCEThermococcus kodakarensispossesses two group II chaperonins, cold-inducible CpkA and heat-inducible CpkB, which are involved in adaptation to low and high temperatures, respectively. CpkA might act as an “adaptive allele” to adapt to cooler environments. In this study, we compared the last 20 amino acids within the C termini of the chaperonins and found a clear correlation between the CpkA-type chaperonin gene copy number and growth temperature. Furthermore, we introduced single mutations into the CpkA C-terminal region to clarify its role in cold adaptation, and we showed that a single base substitution allowed the organism to adapt to a lower temperature. The present data suggest that hyperthermophiles have evolved by obtaining mutations in chaperonins that allow them to adapt to a colder environment.

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Fujiwara, Shinsuke, Ryohei Aki, Masaya Yoshida, Hiroki Higashibata, Tadayuki Imanaka, and Wakao Fukuda. "Expression Profiles and Physiological Roles of Two Types of Molecular Chaperonins from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 23 (October 3, 2008): 7306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01245-08.

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ABSTRACT Thermococcus kodakarensis possesses two chaperonins, CpkA and CpkB, and their expression is induced by the downshift and upshift, respectively, of the cell cultivation temperature. The expression levels of the chaperonins were examined by using specific antibodies at various cell growth temperatures in the logarithmic and stationary phases. At 60°C, CpkA was highly expressed in both the logarithmic and stationary phases; however, CpkB was not expressed in either phase. At 85°C, CpkA and CpkB were expressed in both phases; however, the CpkA level was decreased in the stationary phase. At 93°C, CpkA was expressed only in the logarithmic phase and not in the stationary phase. In contrast, CpkB was highly expressed in both phases. The results of reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed the same growth phase- and temperature-dependent profiles as observed in immunoblot analyses, indicating that the expression of cpkA and cpkB is regulated at the mRNA level. The cpkA or cpkB gene disruptant was then constructed, and its growth profile was monitored. The cpkA disruptant showed poor cell growth at 60°C but no significant defects at 85°C and 93°C. On the other hand, cpkB disruption led to growth defects at 93°C but no significant defects at 60°C and 85°C. These data indicate that CpkA and CpkB are necessary for cell growth at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. The logarithmic-phase-dependent expression of CpkA at 93°C suggested that CpkA participates in initial cell growth in addition to lower-temperature adaptation. Promoter mapping and quantitative analyses using the Phr (Pyrococcus heat-shock regulator) gene disruptant revealed that temperature-dependent expression was achieved in a Phr-independent manner.

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Singh, Purnima, Chi Young Song, Shubha R. Dutta, Ajeeth Pingili, Ji Soo Shin, Frank J. Gonzalez, Joseph V. Bonventre та Kafait U. Malik. "6β-Hydroxytestosterone Promotes Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via Enhanced Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 α Activity". Hypertension 78, № 4 (жовтень 2021): 1053–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17927.

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This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 1B1)-testosterone metabolite 6β-hydroxytestosterone contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension by promoting activation of group IV cPLA 2 α (cytosolic phospholipase A 2 α) and generation of prohypertensive eicosanoids in male mice. Eight-week-old male intact or orchidectomized cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 +/+ and cPLA 2 α –/– / Cyp1b1 +/+ and intact cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 –/– mice were infused with angiotensin II (700 ng/kg/min, subcutaneous) for 2 weeks and injected with 6β-hydroxytestosterone (15 μg/g/every third day, intraperitoneal). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff and confirmed by radiotelemetry. Angiotensin II-induced increase in systolic blood pressure, cardiac and renal collagen deposition, and reactive oxygen species production were reduced by disruption of the cPLA 2 α or Cyp1b1 genes or by administration of the arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitor 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid to cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 +/+ mice. 6β-hydroxytestosterone treatment restored these effects of angiotensin II in cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 –/– mice but not in orchidectomized cPLA 2 α –/– / Cyp1b1 +/+ mice, which were lowered by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid in cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 –/– mice. Antagonists of prostaglandin E 2 -EP1/EP3 receptors and thromboxane A 2 -TP receptors decreased the effect of 6β-hydroxytestosterone in restoring the angiotensin II-induced increase in systolic blood pressure, cardiac and renal collagen deposition, and reactive oxygen species production in cPLA 2 α +/+ / Cyp1b1 –/– mice. These data suggest that 6β-hydroxytestosterone promotes angiotensin II-induced increase in systolic blood pressure and associated pathogenesis via cPLA 2 α activation and generation of eicosanoids, most likely prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane A 2 that exerts prohypertensive effects by stimulating EP1/EP3 and TP receptors, respectively. Therefore, agents that selectively block these receptors could be useful in treating testosterone exacerbated angiotensin II-induced hypertension and its pathogenesis.

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