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1
THOMPSON, GEOFFREY M., STEPHEN JESS, and ARCHIE K. MURCHIE. "Differential emergence of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from on-farm breeding substrates in Northern Ireland." Parasitology 140, no. 6 (January 30, 2013): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012002016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYBiting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of a number of viral diseases worldwide. Following the unforeseen outbreak of bluetongue in northern Europe (2006–2009) there was a need to clarify on-farm breeding substrates utilized by temperate Culicoides spp. Six substrates (cow dung, cow slurry, horse dung, sheep dung, maize silage and soil) were investigated for Culicoides spp. emergence over a 31-week period. Overall, most Obsoletus group Culicoides emerged from the cow dung and the most Pulicaris group Culicoides emerged from the sheep dung. Furthermore, Culicoides of the Obsoletus group were found to be abundant in cow slurry and sheep dung. Temperature played a significant role in the emergence times of adult Culicoides. The Obsoletus group appear to have undergone 3 generations during the experimental period. The sex ratio of emergent Obsoletus group Culicoides was affected by substrate type, with a greater proportion of males emerging from cow dung and slurry compared with the other substrates.
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Gnanambal, Venkatachalam Sundaresan, and Krishnaswamy Swaminathan. "Biogas production from renewable lignocellulosic biomass." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effect of raw and biologically treated lignocellulosic biomass using cow dung slurry for biogas production is reported. Biomass is an energy source. Water containing biomass such as sewage sludge, cow dung slurry and lignocellulosic waste, has several important advantages and one of the key feature is renewability. Cow dung slurry has the potential to produce large amounts of biogas. Four categories of bacteria viz., hydrolytic, fermentative, fermentative acidogenic and acidogenic-methanogenic bacteria are involved in the production of biogas. The different characteristics of the cow dung slurry were determined according to standard methods. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content of the lignocellulosic waste were also determined in our earlier studies. The substrates were digested under anaerobic condition for 5 days. The total biogas and methane produced during anaerobic digestion were estimated on 5th day. The total biogas produced during digestion was estimated by water displacement method. Biological methane production was estimated by using Saccharometer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12662 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 341-347
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Aisien, Felix Aibuedefe, and Eki Tina Aisien. "BIOGAS FROM CASSAVA PEELS WASTE." Detritus, no. 10 (March 5, 2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing growth of cassava agro-industries in Nigeria has led to the enormous generation of cassava peels waste. The feasibility of generating biogas and biofertilizer for both domestic and agricultural applications from cassava peels waste inoculated with cow dung was investigated. Fresh and stale cassava peels were used in the study. Three pretreatment chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) buffer solutions were used in pretreating the cassava peels and cow dung slurry. Six batch anaerobic biodigesters of 10-litre capacity each were used in this study for 40 days retention period. The pH, temperature, and volumes of biogas and methane produced were monitored and recorded daily. The fertilizer qualities (total solids, volatile solids, % phosphorus, % nitrogen, etc.) of the digester slurry and the digester sludge after 40 days digestion were determined using official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that the amount of biogas generated is 2540 cm3/day. The stale cassava peels and cow dung slurry and the use of NH4Cl pretreatment chemical gave the best biogas production and methane yield of 104,961cm3 and 62.3% respectively. The digester sludge from the anaerobic digestion of cassava peels and cow dung showed and demonstrated good biofertilizer qualities.
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Seafatullah, M., M. A. Hoque, M. S. Islam, M. M. Islam, and M. N. Islam. "Effect of Cow Dung, Biogas Slurry and Vermicompost on Phosphorus Adsorption Behavior of Soil." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i3.23756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the approaches for phosphorus fertilizer management is controlling the soil phosphorus adsorption behavior. To examine the effect on phosphorus adsorption behavior, three amended soil samples were prepared by mixing 10% (w/w in dry basis) cow dung, biogas slurry and vermicompost with soil. Phosphorus adsorption behavior was examined by using Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Initially, biogas slurry and vermicompost increased the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (MPAC) of soil from 461 µg g-1 (control) to 558.0357 and 586.17 µg g-1 respectively, and then decreased steadily and reached 429.92 and 398.41 µg g-1 respectively in five weeks. Whereas in case of cow dung, MPAC was initially decreased, then reached maximum in 17 days and ultimately decreased. Thus application of cow dung along with phosphate fertilizer seems to increase the loss of the fertilizer through runoff and leaching. Conversely, biogas slurry and vermicompost prevent phosphorus loss by regulating phosphorus release through initial enhancement followed by gradual decrease in phosphorus adsorption capacity of soil. Both biogas slurry and vermicompost can be considered as good soil amendments as they have the ability to control the release of phosphorus fertilizer as per the need of the plants.
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Dwityaningsih, Rosita, and Nurlinda Ayu Triwuri. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KOTORAN SAPI DAN ENCENG GONDOK (EICCHORNIA CRASSIPES) TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH JEROAN IKAN." INFO-TEKNIK 19, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jit.v19i2.149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purposed of this research to study effect of adding cow dung and waterhyacinth to improve biogas production from fish waste. The method of thisresearch used experimental method at batch anaerob reactor and absortion carbonatom used NaOH solution. The result of this research analysis used describtionmethod. The observed of parameter included accumulation of biogas productionand also parameter at slurry incuded temperature and pH. Qualitative parameter istest of flame of biogas. The conclusion value of pH from this research betweencontrol reactor, A1 reactor (fishwaste: cow dung: water hyacinth= 2:9:3), A2reactor (fishwaste: cow dung: water hyacinth= 1:4:2), A3 reactor (fishwaste: cowdung: water hyacinth= 1:3:3) is 5 to 10. Temperature range in 28 oC to 31oC. Theresult indicated the different composition of subtrat slurry from fishwaste, cowdung and water hyacinth in scale 2:9:3 (A1 reactor) produced biogas accumulationand metana the most than the others reactor.
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Fauziyah, Achmad Bahul, Marhamah, Yun Suryotomo, and Indranata. "Additional Value Peternak Sapi melalui Olah Limbah Kotoran Sapi Menjadi Biogas Skala Rumah Tangga di Desa Sekarmojo Kecamatan Purwosari Kabupaten Pasuruan." Soeropati 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/js.v4i1.3299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Processing cow dung into biogas is one solution that can be offered to cattle breeders in Sekarmojo Pasuruan. This service uses a follow-up approach to the problem of utilizing cow dung waste in Sekarmojo Village as raw material for biogas production. The results of this assistance show additional value results for cattle breeders in Sekarmojo Village Pasuruan including (1) reduced air pollution from cow dung, (2) sharing biogas with neighbors, (3) having the potential for organic fertilizer from biogas slurry, (4) reducing the purchase burden. LPG gas for cooking, as well as (5) cleaner and healthier cowsheds
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NEDUNCHEZHIYAN, M., S. K. JATA, R. C. RAY, and R. S. MISRA. "MANAGEMENT OF MEALYBUG (RHIZOECUS AMORPHOPHALLI) IN ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (AMORPHOPHALLUS PAEONIIFOLIUS)." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYAmorphophallus paeoniifolius, popularly known as elephant foot yam, is an important tropical tuber crop in India. Its modified stem (corm) is consumed as a vegetable after boiling, baking or frying. Mealybug (Rhizoecus amorphophalli), a soft-bodied insect, infests the corms both in storage and in the field. Though pesticides are effective in controlling mealybugs, they can be hazardous to human health and the environment. Two experiments, one in storage followed by one in the field, were conducted during 2009 and 2010 at the Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Dumuduma, Bhubaneswar, India, to determine the effect of six low cost and environmentally safe management practices on mealybug. In the absence of mealybug control measures, mealybug numbers increased by 4–5 times during the storage period. The pest affected the quality of the corms and reduced subsequent field establishment and crop growth. Salt (NaCl) solution (1000 ppm), cow urine, cow dung slurry (2 kg of cow dung in 1 litre of water) and clay slurry (1 kg of clay in 1 litre of water) treatments were effective in reducing mealybug numbers and the associated corm damage. However, availability of cow urine, cow dung and clay slurry limit their usage. Common salt is cheap, widely available and easy to use in treating the corms prior to storage. Relative to untreated corms, those treated with salt solution recorded greater emergence when field planted as well as producing plants with more vigorous growth.
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Marsaulina, Gabriella, Taufik Taufikurahman, and Andira Rahmawati. "Biocomposites from anaerobically digested Eichhornia crassipes ((Mart.) Solms), as an alternative solution for the post-phytoremediation process." Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/crbb.2021.2.2/zlcb2984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant species commonly used for phytoremediation to reduce high chromium content in tannery liquid waste in Garut, West Java. Water hyacinth materials harvested from the phytoremediation can be used for the anaerobic digestion process to produce biogas and bio-slurry. This study aimed to determine the reduction of chromium content found in water hyacinths due to the anaerobic digestion process, and utilization of bio-slurry from the anaerobic digestion process as a biocomposite material. The anaerobic digestion process was carried out for 33 d using biodigesters and the composition of the biodigesters were varied into 100% dried water hyacinths and 80% water hyacinths with the addition of 20% cow dung. The bio-slurry from the anaerobic digestion process was then used for making biocomposites with 3 different compositions, i.e., 75 and 25%; 50 and 50%; and 25 and 75% of cement and bio-slurry, respectively. The average chromium content found in water hyacinths from the phytoremediation process without anaerobic digestion process was 41.964 mg/l. The results show a reduction in the amount of chromium after the anaerobic digestion process was found in each composition of bio-slurry, which were 15.979 mg/l (100% water hyacinth) and 14.861 mg/l (80% water hyacinth + 20% cow dung). Biodigester with a composition of 80% water hyacinth + 20% cow dung produced the highest average volume of biogas which was 0.424 l. The biocomposite of 75% cement and 25% bio-slurry had the highest compressive strength value of 30.598 MPa and water absorption capacity of 37.25%. It can be concluded that biocomposite with the composition of 75% cement and 25% water hyacinth bio-slurry is promising to be used as an alternative material for buildings.
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Atmika, I. Ketut Adi, I. Ketut Adi Atmika, Kadek Sebayuana, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia, I. Wayan Surata, I. Putu Ari Astawa, and Anak Agung Istri Agung Sri Komaladewi. "The effect of loading rate to biogas production rate of the 500 liter anaerobic digester operated with continuous system." E3S Web of Conferences 120 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912002004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional anaerobic digester such as fixed dome and floating drum are found having drawback in application in developing country. It was difficult in maintenance and operation. It was also difficult to relocate to the new site of waste processing. The portable anaerobic digester is prepared in this work as a solution. The capacity is about 500 liter so that suitable for home scale organic waste treatment. The material that is used for the digester was 304 stainless steel. The digester is completed wit agitator to optimize the biogas production. A slurry of cow dung (50% cow dung+ 50% water) is use to feed the digester. There are 2 variations of slurry loading rate that were investigated in this work, namely 5 liter slurry/day and 10 liter slurry/day. The biogas production rate is found about 51.7 liter biogas/day if loading with 5 liter slurry/ day. The biogas production rate is found increase significantly to become 82 liter biogas/day if loading with 10 liter slurry/day. The quality of biogas is found better with loading rate 5 liter slurry/day which has average CH4 content about 58.75% vol. comparing the one with loading rate 10liter slurry/day that have average CH4 content about 56.40% vol.
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Štýbnarová, Marie, Pavlína Mičová, Karel Fiala, Hana Karabcová, Oldřich Látal, and Jan Pozdíšek. "Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Botanical Composition of Grassland, Herbage Yield and Quality." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 60, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2014-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organicfertilizers (cow manure + dung water; cattle slurry) applied in different annual doses of nitrogen (54, 84 and 120 kg/ha) by different intensities of grassland utilization (extensive – two cuts per year, medium intensive – three cuts per year, intensive – four cuts per year) on percentage of plant functional groups, dry matter yield, and forage quality. The study was performed on small-plot trial over 7 years on moderately moist grassland in the Czech Republic. The proportion of legumes was significantly higher in the treatments fertilized with cow manure + dung-water combined with medium intensive utilization and intensive utilization (10.2% and 10.3%, respectively). Fertilization significantly increased dry matter yields by 51.9% (cow manure + dung water) and 56% (cattle slurry) compared with unfertilized controls (4.81 t/ha). Grasslands fertilized with cattle slurry showed significantly higher concentration of crude protein (142.9 g/kg) compared with unfertilized (126.4 g/kg). Extensive grassland utilization significantly affected the increase of crude fibre concentration (up to 282.1 g/kg), and decrease of the energy value (up to 4.68 MJ g/kg of NEL). Organic matter digestibility was also negatively influenced by extensive grassland utilization (61.0%, 65.42% and 67.44% for the extensive, medium intensive and intensive utilization, respectively). Our findings suggested that medium intensive and intensive grassland utilization by the organic fertilization, which corresponded to annual doses of nitrogen of 84 and 120 kg/ha were the most suitable from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.
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Ashraf, Sana, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Qasim Ali, Sobia Ashraf, Muzaffar Majid, and Zahir Ahmad Zahir. "Acidified Cow Dung-Assisted Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals by Ryegrass from Contaminated Soil as an Eco-Efficient Technique." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metal contamination of soil is an alarming environmental dilemma all over the world. With increasing industrialization, timely development of low-cost and eco-friendly remedial techniques for heavy metal-contaminated soil is needed. Phytoremediation is an emerging technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil for environmental sustainability. In the present study, ryegrass was used for phytoextraction of lead and cadmium from contaminated soil in a pot experiment. To enhance the bioavailability of heavy metals, cow dung was acidified by amending with elemental sulfur and molasses and also bioaugmented with an SS-16 sulfur-oxidizing strain to boost biological sulfur oxidation and, hence, four chemically different organic products were prepared. The pot experiment was conducted for a period of 60 days under Pb- and Cd-spiked soil for growing ryegrass with the application of a 10% slurry of each acidified organic product. A significant increase in root and shoot fresh mass as well as Pb and Cd accumulation in the root and shoot of the ryegrass was recorded. As compared to the control and the acidified organic product, P4 was the most effective product overall. Bioconcentration and translocation factors of ryegrass for Pb and Cd were also calculated. At the same time, acidified cow dung slurry (10%) also improved the antioxidative defense mechanism of ryegrass. The results suggest that acidified organic products could be effective for phytoextraction of lead and cadmium from contaminated soil, and in the future acidified cow dung slurry can be used to restore heavy metal-polluted soils in an environmentally sustainable way.
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Kurniawan, Azhar Armia, and Kurnia Abdullah Samani. "Pembentukan Biogas pada Media Eceng Gondok dengan Starter Kotoran Ternak." Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi 2, no. 4 (October 30, 2022): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/bjkb.v2i4.128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Animal manure and water hyacinth become waste if not used. One of its uses is as raw material for biogas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of manure on the formation of biogas from water hyacinth as seen from: 1) the rate of biogas formation, 2) the temperature of the slurry, 3) the pH of the slurry, and 4) the weight of the biogas produced. Research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of five treatments (P); P1: cow dung + water hyacinth + water, P2: buffalo dung + water hyacinth + water, P3: goat dung + water hyacinth + water, P4: horse dung + water hyacinth + water, and P5: broiler chicken dung + water hyacinth + water . Each treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. The composition of the raw material mixture consists of 8 kg of water hyacinth chopped 2 cm + 3 kg of livestock manure + 2 liters of water. Parameters observed were: rate of gas formation, slurry pH, slurry temperature, and weight of biogas produced. The research was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Kapuas Sintang University. Data were analyzed by ANOVA at 5% significance level using SPSS 16.0 and BNT test if there was a significant difference between treatments. The results showed that the type of manure only had a significant effect on the weight of biogas formed, but had no significant effect on the rate of biogas formation, slurry pH, and slurry temperature. Thus the five types of manure can be used as a starter in the manufacture of biogas made from water hyacinth.
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Idika, C., and Aimikhe, Victor Joseph. "Non-linear Regression Models for Predicting Biogas Yields from Selected Bio-wastes." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (March 16, 2023): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i2261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The benefits of biogas as alternative energy to other fossil fuel sources, due to its renewability, environmentally friendly nature, health benefits, etc., cannot be overemphasized. There are numerous models for predicting biogas production rate from bio-materials, including the modified Gompertz equation. These models are primarily dependent on specific biomass parameters. When any of these parameters, like the slurry volume, changes, another round of experiments must be conducted and curve fitted before biogas yield predictions can be made. This could be time-consuming and costly. Using experimentally published data, simple empirical models can be developed for predicting biogas yields over a range of input parameters. This will eliminate the need for always performing experiments before biogas yield predictions can be made. In light of this, scarce literature provides explicit models for predicting biogas yield over a range of parameters based on published data. This study developed non-linear regression models using published data on parameters that affect biogas yields, like the slurry volume, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, hydraulic retention time, and pH. The data covered seven readily available bio-wastes, including cow dung, cow dung with plant waste, cow dung with poultry dung, poultry dung with grass, pig dung, and plant wastes. On validation of the models, the results showed that the models had a relatively low standard error of estimates, Akaike information criterion, Schwarz criterion, and Hannan-Quinn information criterion. Furthermore, the coefficients of determination, R2, were between 94.62 and 98.93%. The percentage average absolute deviation (% AAD) for each model was less than 7 %. The non-linear models were found to adequately predict the biogas yields within the limits of the available data set.
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Rahman, MH, SH Mia, A. Nessa, MA Badhan, and MA Islam. "Reducing the Volume of Garbage and Production of Biogas through Anaerobic Decomposition." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas is one of the most eco-friendly alternative renewable energy sources, to meet future energy requirement. In order to carry out this research, two experiments were set up taking cow dung, cow dung with wasted flour and cultured Bacteria with waste flour. In Experiment 1, only cow dung was used in build biogas plant and decomposed periodically for 28 days. After that cow dung slurry (as inoculum) with waste flour were decomposed for 28 days. In Experiment 2, same waste flour with cultured anaerobic bacterial colony (as inoculum) was used as the feed stocks and the experiment was completed in 28 days. Result of the Study revealed that production of biogas was higher and consuming less time when cultured bacterial colony was used as inoculum with feed stock, compared to that of cow dung. In this experiment, garbage is decomposed with approximately all type of anaerobic bacteria. If methanogens, facultative anaerobes and other bacteria which are responsible for anaerobic digestion and biogas formation, are separately cultured and these garbages are separately decomposed with this bacteria. Anaerobic decomposition has a number of environmental benefits including production of green energy and natural fertilizers. The process of converting organic feed stock into biogas can serve as a substitute for fossil fuels and artificial fertilizers, reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 33-36 2015
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Rangasamy, Mythili. "Anaerobic Digestion of Pre-treated Maize Cob for Enhanced Biogas Production." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 58, no. 04 (March 31, 2022): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2021581.1760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maize cob is a ligno-cellulosic wastes available in India. In the present study, properties of maize cob were determined as per standard test methods. Based on the values, maize cob was pre-treated with potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and phosphoric acid in 1, 2, 3%v/v concentrations for 24 h. Pre-treatment with 3%v/v potassium hydroxide was effective in enhancing the availability of cellulose (57%). Anaerobic digestion of the alkali pre-treated maize cob showed potential of enhanced methane generation (0.0202 m3.kg-1 of TS) by three times using the conventional cow dung slurry as inoculum source. The bio-digested slurry contained (nitrogen (0.04 – 0.07%), and phosphorus (0.012 – 0.02%) and , potassium (0.01 – 0.03%)) macro-nutrients, and proved to have potential of use as organic manure.
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Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul, Sultana Bilkis, Tahsina Sharmin Hoque, Shihab Uddin, Mohammad Jahiruddin, Mohammad Mazibur Rahman, Abu Bakkar Siddique, et al. "Mineralization of Farm Manures and Slurries under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions for Subsequent Release of Phosphorus and Sulphur in Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A good understanding of nutrient release from manure or compost after application through mineralization is important to assure meeting the nutrient demand of crops, to secure timely fertilizer application and to enhance nutrient use efficiency. The current study was done to evaluate phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) release patterns from different types of manures viz. cow dung, cow dung slurry, tricho-compost, vermicompost, poultry manure, poultry manure slurry and mungbean residues. The mineralization study was performed under aerobic (field capacity) and anaerobic (waterlogging) conditions for 180 days at 25 ± 1 °C in the laboratory. The release of P and S showed the highest values within 75–180 and 75–150 days, respectively, and was always higher in aerobic conditions than in anaerobic conditions. The first-order kinetic cumulative model was a good fit for mineralization, which was significantly influenced by manure type, soil moisture level and incubation period. Poultry manure slurry exerted the highest P and S release under both moisture conditions. Both slurries showed higher potential mineralization, with a lower rate constant for these elements compared to that in their manure states. Hence, appropriate manures should be chosen and applied in the proper quantity to provide exact amounts of nutrients, to increase crops nutrient use efficiency and to formulate correct fertilizer recommendations.
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Trivedi, AP, and KN Dhumal. "Effect Of Soil And Foliar Applications Of Zinc And Iron On The Yield And Quality Of Onion (Allium cepa L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Manjari, Pune (Maharashtra), India during kharif season of 2004 and 2005 to find out the effect of application of zinc and iron and their different modes of applications on growth, yield, and quality of onion. There were 27 treatment combinations with Zn and Fe were applied either in the soil or as foliar spray with cow dung slurry/FYM/gibbrelic acid/amino acids/2,4- D to onion. Application of Zn significantly increased the bulb weight (73.9 g), bulb yield (45 t/ha) when applied with 2,4-D (3 ppm) as foliar spray. Zinc application significantly influenced the bulb quality and recorded the highest A grade bulbs and the lowest poor quality C grade bulbs when applied with 2,4-D (81.9%) as foliar spray. The maximum medium B grade bulbs were obtained with the application of Fe with cow dung slurry (11.4%). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 41-48, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15188
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Abubakar, M. S., A. B. Yazid, A. A. Sabo, A. Ibrahim, A. U. Aliyu, and M. Saleh. "EFFECTS OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER PRE-TREATMENT ON LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR SOLID-STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0701-1267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Researchers are looking into sustainable and inexpensive energy sources due to the constant rise in the price of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, and dependence on non-renewable energy sources. In this study, wastewater from the textile industry is co-digested with lignocellulosic biomass (wheat straw) to produce biogas. During 21 days, five anaerobic digesters were run at room temperature (28 to 30 0C). Wheat straw inoculated with cow manure was put into wheat straw operating in five digesters at five different ratios of wastewater to distilled water. It has been discovered that the slurry digested with mere wastewater (not diluted with distilled water) has the lowest production, while the slurry digested with wheat straw and cow dung has the highest production.
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Hassan, Ismail, Musa Abdullahi, and Lawal Garba. "Biogas production from cow dung using laboratory scale digester as potential tool for abattoir waste management." Gadau Journal of Pure and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/gjpas.v1i1.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main challenge of the present world is to harness energy source which is environment friendly and ecologically balanced because the use of fossil fuels has led to global climate change, environmental degradation, and human health problems. This has forced the world to search for another alternate energy source, such as biogas. Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Cow dung as a renewable source of energy supply has been proven to be very efficient. This work is focused on production of biogas using cow dung as a means of abattoir waste management. A laboratory scale digester was constructed using three 750ml capacity plastic water bottles with slurry concentration of 1500g cow dung per 3000cm3 distilled water over a retention time of three weeks. The biogas production started on the fourth day of fermentation and followed an increasing trend. Reaching its peak on the seventeenth day before a gradual fall in production rate. The average weekly production of biogas are; day1-7 (17.33cm3), day 8-14 (99.00cm3), day 15-21(172.33cm3). The result obtained from this study also indicates that Bacillus species were the most common bacteria isolated
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Oktiawan, Wiharyanto, Badrus Zaman, and Purwono. "Use of a germination bioassay to test compost maturity in Tekelan Village." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183105012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Livestock waste from cattle farms in Tekelan village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency can be grouped into three types, namely solid waste, slurry and waste water. Solid waste (cow dung) was processed into compost, while slurry and waste water were used to make liquid fertilizer. This compost was used as a component of planting media in horticultural crops and potted plants production. We evaluated the toxicity (phytochemical and ecotoxicological) test of compost by using germination index (GI). Vigna radiata seeds are sown on filter paper dampened with compost extract for different times. GI was calculated by relative germination (G) and relative radical length (L). The germination index (GI) = G / G0 x L / L0 x 100, where G0 and L0 are values obtained by distilled water as a control. The results showed that germination bioassay and radical length using aquades and groundwater in Tekelan village did not affect the radical length of Vigna radiata . Technically, groundwater in Tekelan village can be used as a germination bioassay control. The cow dung compost substrate appears to have a major influence on compost toxicity. Mature compost was produced on day 14 with a GI of 104.03.
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Kotur, S. C. "Direct Nutrient-Feeding to 'Ney Poovan' Banana (Musa Sp. AB) Bunch under Organic or Conventional Farming for Yield, Fruit Quality and Profitability." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v10i1.152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three types of direct nutrient-feeding methods [applying 500g fresh cow-dung and 100ml water enriched with (i) 2.5g each of urea + SOP; (ii) 100ml of panchangavya; and (iii) 100ml of cow urine] were evaluated in 'Ney Poovan' banana grown under organic or conventional farming. Plants grown under conventional farming were more robust in girth and length of their pseudostem and number of leaves retained on the plant at harvest. Conventional farming produced 62.6% and 59.0% higher fruit and bunch weight than plants grown under organic farming. Quality-wise, fruits from organic farming were superior in pulp:peel ratio and pulp total soluble solids (TSS). Conventional farming significantly increased P, S, Fe, Mn and Zn content of the pulp over organic farming. Benefit:cost ratio was significantly higher at 3.61 under conventional farming, while, it was 2.15 under organic farming. All the methods of direct nutrient-feeding of banana bunch tested were significantly superior to 'Control' where the male bud was retained on the bunch until harvest. Increase in fruit and bunch weight was in the following order of blend: urea + SOP > panchangavya > cow urine, with fresh cow dung. Improvement in pulp:peel ratio and benefit:cost ratio was maximum when direct nutrient-feeding was done using cow-dung blended with urea + SOP, while, TSS of the pulp declined to 24.0oB from 25.1oB when pancahgavya was used. Results indicated that conventional farming with adequate organic manuring, and, adopting direct nutrient-feeding of the banana bunch using cow-dung slurry enriched with 2.5g each of urea and SOP, achieved high bunch yield, pulp:peel ratio, and was profitable.
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Fiatno, Aris, Apriza Apriza, and Rizqon Jamil Farhas. "DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI PEMURNIAN BIOGAS KOTORAN SAPI TERINTEGRASI PADA USAHA PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT." JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 6, no. 2 (April 16, 2022): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v6i2.6992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstrak: Program Produk Teknologi yang Didiseminasikan ke Masyarakat (PTDM) mengisyaratkan perlunya keselarasan antara kebutuhan untuk menjawab permasalahan masyarakat dan aspek lingkungan hidup. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah limbah kotoran sapi yang menumpuk di sekitar kandang dan menimbulkan bau, serta sumber energi bahan bakar LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) yang semakin langka. Mitra PTDM adalah Kelompok Peternak Sapi dan Ibu-ibu PKK di Desa Laboy Jaya. Metode yang diterapkan pada masyarakat Desa Laboy Jaya adalah sosialisasi pembuatan reaktor biogas dari limbah sapi, pelatihan pengisian kotoran sapi ke dalam reaktor dan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk padat dan cair. Tujuan PTDM ini untuk meningkatkan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui penggunaan teknologi pemurnian biogas kotoran sapi. Hasil dari PTDM ini dapt mengurangi polusi udara yang ditimbulkan dari limbah sapi yang sebelumnya tidak dimanfaatkan dan menjadi bahan bakar alternatif pengganti LPG, hasil lain dari reaktor biogas adalah bio slurry yang dimanfaatkan mitra Ibu-ibu PKK sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk oganik dengan teknologi tepat guna sehingga didapatkan pupuk organik yang siap pakai.Abstract: The Program for Technology Products Disseminated to the Community (PTDM) implies the balance between community problems and environmental aspects. The main problems faced were cow dung waste that accumulated around the barn and caused an odor. On the other side, it is an increasingly scarce energy source for LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) fuel. PTDM partners are Cattle Breeders and PKK Women in Laboy Jaya Village. The method applied is socializing on making biogas reactors from cow waste, training on filling cow dung into the reactor, and training on making solid and liquid fertilizers. The purpose of PTDM is to improve the economy and welfare of the community through the use of cow dung biogas purification technology. This PTDM could reduce air pollution caused by cow waste that was not previously used and become an alternative fuel to replace LPG. Another result of the biogas reactor is bio-slurry which PKK partners use as an ingredient for making organic fertilizers with appropriate technology to get ready to use organic fertilizer.
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Jayadi, Edi Muhammad, and Nurrahmah Nurrahmah. "Utilization of Livestock Dung as A Biogas Starter from Water Hyacinth to Suppress Water Weeds." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 1286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i3.1632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Animal manure and water hyacinth will become waste in the environment if not utilized. One form of utilization of both is to make it as raw material for biogas. The aims of this study were: to determine the effect of the type of manure on the process of forming biogas from water hyacinth, which is related to: 1) the speed of biogas formation, 2) the temperature of the slurry , 3) the pH of the slurry , and 4) the volume of biogas produced. This study was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of five (5) treatments, namely Treatment 1 (P 1 ) cow dung + water hyacinth + water, (P 2 ) buffalo dung + water hyacinth + water, (P 3 ) manure goat + water hyacinth + water, (P 4 ) horse manure + water hyacinth + water, and (P 5 ) broiler chicken manure + water hyacinth + water. Each treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. In this study, the composition of the mixture of raw materials was used as follows: 8 kg of chopped water hyacinth (2 cm) + 3 kg of animal dung + 2 liters of water. This is based on the results of research by Sari et al. (2014) which showed that the composition was good enough to produce biogas made from water hyacinth. The composition of the raw material mixture is as follows: 8 kg of chopped water hyacinth (2 cm) + 3 kg of animal dung + 2 liters of water. The variables observed in this study were: the rate of gas formation, slurry pH, slurry temperature, and the volume of gas produced. The research was conducted at the Biology Science Education Laboratory, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Mataram. The time of research was carried out from March to October 2018. The results showed that the type of manure only had a significant effect on the amount of biogas formed, but did not significantly affect the time of gas formation, slurry pH, and slurry temperature. Thus, the five types of manure can be used as a starter in the manufacture of biogas made from water hyacinth.
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Li, Qiu Min, Bin Yang, Wu Di Zhang, Yu Ma, Jian Chang Li, Rui Xu, Yu Bao Chen, Shi Qing Liu, and Fang Yin. "Anaerobic Fermentation of Cow Dung and Slurry from Hydrogen Fermentation Production of Sucrose." Advanced Materials Research 485 (February 2012): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reported an experiment about anaerobic fermentation of cow dung and slurry from hydrogen fermentation production of sucrose by using anaerobic batch fermentation at temperature of 30°C, the results indicated that methane fermentation production can be achieved through this experiment with 40d anaerobic fermentation, its biogas yield is 212 ml/g TS and 239ml/g VS, fresh material biogas yield is 46 ml/g.
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MD. ASHRAFUL HOQUE, MST. SANJIDA NASRIN, MD. RAIHANUL FARDOUS, MD. NURUL ISLAM, and MD. SHAHIDUL ISLAM. "Effect of Cow Urine on the Biochemical and Microbial Properties of Cow Dung Derived Biogas Slurry." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4873.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas slurry (BGS) is an anaerobic digested organic material that can be used as an organic fertiliser. As cow urine (CU) is rich in plant nutrients, it may be used as diluting agent in biogas production to enhance the fertiliser quality of BGS. To explore the potency of CU on the fertiliser quality of BGS, four experimental trials were constructed by mixing cow dung (CD) and CU in varying proportion designated as T0 (50% CD + 50% Water) as control, T1 (50% CD + 50% CU), T2 (40% CD + 60% CU), T3 (30% CD + 70% CU) for biogas production. The quality of BGS was evaluated by studying its biochemical and microbial properties. The enzymatic activities revealed that all the CU amended samples showed better activities than control and were increased with the increase in CU. Compared to the control, the increase in urease, protease and phosphatase activities were 11.6% to 64.6%, 4.6% to 29.6% and 22.1% to 50.0%, respectively while cellulase activities were decreased from 25.9% to 3.1%. Most of the bacterial populations also increased in CU amended samples; total bacteria (TB) 20% to 60%, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) 33% to 67% and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) 0% to 33%. Phytohormone, indole acetic acid (IAA) content and glycemic index (GI) were also increased with increase in CU (IAA- 23.5% to 59.5% and GI- 6.2% to 100.5%). With respect to all parameters analysed, CU amended samples can be considered superior to the control one except for their cellulase activities. Thus, utilization of cow urine improves the quality of BGS as organic fertiliser. This finding will help in reducing environmental pollution by utilizing hazardous cow urine as well as improving fertiliser quality of biogas slurry for agronomic use.
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Randhawa, Gurpreet Kaur, and Jagdev Singh Kullar. "Bioremediation of Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, and Petrochemicals with Gomeya/Cow Dung." ISRN Pharmacology 2011 (April 26, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/362459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Use and misuse of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and petrochemicals by man is causing havoc with nature, as they persist as such or as their toxic metabolites. These pollutants bioaccumulate in environment, and they ultimately reach man through various means. They are hazardous because of potential toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity. To rejuvenate nature, remediation methods currently available are usually expensive and might convert one toxic pollutant to another. Bioremediation methods use naturally occurring microorganisms to detoxify man-made pollutants so that they change pollutants to innocuous products that make soil fertile in the process. Taking cue from Ayurveda, Gomeya/cow dung is used as an excellent bioremediation method. Thus, utilizing freely available cow dung as slurry or after composting in rural areas, is a cheap and effective measure to bioremediate the harmful pollutants. Yet, more research in this direction is warranted to bioremediate nonbiodegradable, potentially toxic pollutants.
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Mtamabari Simeon Torbira and Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Biogas production from cow dungs using a modified fixed-dome digester." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.3.0066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A modified fixed dome digester with stirring mechanism has been designed and constructed and used for the anaerobic digestion of cow dung slurry at 5%-7% Total solid (TS) concentration within the mesophylic temperature range. The quality of biogas gas produced was between 54%-69% methane (CH4) content. The Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C: N) varied between 35:1 - 45:1. Total biogas yield obtained over the detention period was about 261 L. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded over the 95 days period was 32oC and 25 oC respectively. The volume of biogas yield, Vb (m3) was observed to increase with the percentage total solid, PTS (%). The details of the design and construction of the biogas digester plant and its cost are reported. The performance of the plant was very satisfactory. Investigation into the anaerobic digestion revealed that cow dung has great potentials for generation of biogas.
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R. Patil, Sagar, and S. R. Kalbande. "Design and Performance Evaluation of Community Size Fixed Dome Biogas Plant." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1201.028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The disposal of cow dung was a great problem in dairy as the dung raises a lot of problems for human health and ecology system. Fossil fuels are depleting day by day there was need to increase the use of renewable energy sources and for reduce the dependency on fossil fuels for our energy needs. At Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, University dairy produces a huge amount of dung everyday which had a problem of disposal of such waste. To handle the waste in an efficient manner large scale modified fixed dome biogas had been constructed. A 50 m3 fixed dome biogas plant had been constructed to produce biogas. An average percentage of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were found 1.13, 0.75, 0.55 and 1.33, 0.90, 0.68 in fresh cow dung and digested slurry, respectively. The biogas production from modified Janta biogas plant was found maximum 49.90 m3day-1 on 29th May 2021 at 49.90 oC digester temperature and minimum of 40.00 m3day-1 on 17th December 2021 at 33.10 oC digester temperature. Economic indicators i.e. net present worth, benefit-cost ratio, payback period and internal rate of return of the system was found to be Rs. 2143000.40, 1.87, 2 years, 11 months & 3 days and 40 % respectively.
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Romansyah, Erni, Karyanik Karyanik, Muhammad Fitrah, and Mohammad Saharudin. "KARAKTERISTIK FISIK KOMPOS TABLET SLOW RELEASE BERBAHAN DASAR BIOSLURY KOTORAN SAPI." Jurnal Agrotek Ummat 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jau.v7i2.2948.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development Slow Release Compost Tablet can be used as a solution for the management of cow dung bioslurry by farmers. Bioslurry is a reject product from processing waste into biogas. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of tablet compost made from cow dung Bio-slurry. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the composition of the addition of hydrogel and silica from geothermal waste from the eruption of Mount Rinjani with five levels of treatment, namely; T1 (30gr hydrogel : 50gr silica powder); T2 (60gr hydrogel : 40gr silica powder); T3 (90gr hydrogel : 30gr silica powder); T4 (120gr hydrogel : 20gr silica powder); T5 (150gr hydrogel : 10gr silica powder). The results showed that the dimensions, weight, and hardness of tablet compost were not significantly different. The treatment without the addition of hydrogel has the highest hardness value. The higher the hydrogel addition, the lower the tablet compost hardness value.
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N.M., Witariadi, and N. N. Candraasih, K. "PRODUCTIVITY OF Panicum maximum FERTILIZED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSAGE BIO SLURRY." Pastura 7, no. 2 (January 12, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2018.v07.i02.p09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This experiment to determine the productivity of Panicum maximum with different types and doses of bio slurry. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 3 months. The design was complete Randomized Design (RAL), factorial pattern . The factor were firstly the types of bio slurry; these types consisted of cow dung bio slurry (BS) and pig manure bio slurry (BB). The second factors was bio slurry fertilizer dosage , which were as a control without any fertelizer (D0); fertilizer dosage of 10 tons / ha (D1); 20 tons / ha (D2); and 30 tons / ha (D3). Variables Observed include plant growth, production, and growth characteristics. The results showed that there was interaction between different types and dosage of bio slurry fertilizer on plant height variables, and total leaves of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume. Pig manure bio slurry at 30 tons/ha dose gave the best growth and production of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume. It can be concluded that both types of bio slurry were able to increase growth and production of the grass and in this study pig manure bioslurry (BB) with 30 tons/ha dosage gave the best result.
Keywords: growth, production, panicum maximum, bio slurry
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M, Rajalakshmi, Ramasubramanian V, and Brindha Priyadarisini V. "Mass Culture of Zooplankton, Ceriodaphnia cornuta on Animal Excreta." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, December (2012): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Daphnia spp. is one of the important live feed usable in practical aquaculture that is present in ponds all over India. Enrichment of Daphnia is essential to promote Aquaculture Industry. Hence the present study was focused to study in mass culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta using cow dung, goat pellets, chicken droppings and cow urine along with groundnut cake and superphosphate. Groundnut oilcake had the highest nitrogen (4.97%), phosphorus (0.15%) and potassium (0.73%). Among the animal wastes cow urine had the highest amount of nitrogen (1.93%) and potassium (1%), while chicken droppings had the highest amount of phosphorus (0.80%). The population of Ceriodaphnia varied significantly with animal excreta. The highest mean population was observed in chicken droppings slurry at 50g per 20 liters of water.
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Harmiansyah, Harmiansyah, Ruly Davisca Pratama, Lathifa Putri Afisna, Muhammad Syaukani, and Rustam Efendi. "Karakteristik Sisa Slurry pada Produksi Biogas Berbahan Kotoran Sapi." JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v6i2.16175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jumlah masyarakat Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, peningkatan jumlah masyarakat akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan konsumsi energi seperti bahan bakar untuk memasak sehingga dibutuhkan energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi energi. Energi alternatif yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan bakar pengganti bahan bakar konvensional untuk memasak adalah biogas. Biogas merupakan energi alternatif berfasa gas yang dihasilkan dari kotoran hewan sehingga dapat diperbarui (renewable) secara berkelanjutan, biogas termasuk energi yang ramah lingkungan dan tidak beracun. Produksi biogas memiliki sisa slurry yang dapat mencemari lingkungan, diperlukan mengkarakterisasi sisa slurry pada produksi biogas berbahan kotoran sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan campuran air dan kotoran sapi sebesar 1: dengan menggunakan jenis reaktor tangki 1000 liter, pada saat produksi biogas dilakukan pengukuran tekanan biogas, volume slurry, pengukuran temperatur, dan pengukuran pH. Data yang didapatkan akan dilakukan analisis karakteristik sisa slurry pada biogas. Pada hasil penelitian ini didapatkan volume slurry selama produksi yaitu 900-980 liter dengan nilai pH rata-rata 6-7, hasil unsur hara sisa slurry cair pada penelitian ini belum dapat langsung digunakan sebagai pupuk cair organik perlu ditambahkan substrat lainnya agar dapat menaikkan unsur hara N, P, dan K yang terkandung pada sisa slurry cair tetapi untuk sisa slurry padat dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk kompos karena telah memenuhi standar kualitas pupuk kompos. The number of Indonesian people is increasing every year, and an increase in the number of people will increase the need for energy consumption such as fuel for cooking so sustainable alternative energy is needed that can meet energy consumption needs. The alternative energy that can be used by the community as a substitute for conventional fuel for cooking is biogas. Biogas is alternative energy in the gas phase produced from animal waste so that it can be renewed sustainably, biogas is environmentally friendly and non-toxic energy. Biogas production has residual slurry that can pollute the environment, it is necessary to characterize the remaining slurry in biogas production made from cow dung. This study uses a mixture of water and cow dung ratio of 1: using a 1000 liter tank reactor type, at the time of biogas production, biogas pressure, slurry volume, temperature measurement, and pH measurements are measured. The data obtained will be analyzed for the characteristics of the residual slurry in biogas. In the results of this study, the volume of slurry during production was 900-980 liters with an average pH value of 6-7, the results of the remaining nutrients from the liquid slurry in this study could not be directly used as organic liquid fertilizer, it was necessary to add other substrates to increase the nutrients. N, P, and K are contained in the remaining liquid slurry but the remaining solid slurry can be used as compost because it meets the quality standards of compost fertilizer.
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Fardous, M. R., M. S. Nasrin, M. E. Shakil, M. S. Islam, M. A. Hoque, and M. N. Islam. "Cow Urine for Enhancement of Biogas Production and Fertilizer Quality of Biogas Slurry." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i1.43031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To explore the potency of cow urine on biogas production and fertilizer quality of the biogas slurries, six experimental trials, T0 (50% CD:50% Water) as control, T1 (10% CD:90% CU), T2 (20% CD:80% CU), T3 (30% CD:70% CU), T4 (40% CD:60% CU) and T5 (50% CD:50% CU) were constructed by mixing cow dung (CD) and cow urine (CU). Cumulative gas volume was estimated for 30 days and the physicochemical properties of the slurries were evaluated. The cumulative gas volume of three trials (T3, T4 and T5) was higher than control (T0) and T5 showed maximum (28% over the control). Moreover, all of the trials except one (T1) showed higher gas yield than control (T0) of which maximum conversion of volatile solid (VS) to gas was obtained in T3. pH of the amended samples were above 7.0 (pH 7.00-7.42). Conductivity of the samples also increases (1.94-13.40 mS cm-1) with the increase in cow urine percentage. With respect to macronutrient (N, P, K) cow urine amended samples can be considered superior to the control one. Moreover, C/N ratio of all the amended samples were below 15 (4.7-14.0) and thus these are suitable for agronomic uses.
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Gift, Ibeh Adaugo, and Ozokonkwo Onyinyechi. "Qualitative and Quantitative Means of Production of Biogas from Biodegradable Waste (Cow Dung) for Sustainable Energy." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 26, no. 7 (August 25, 2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2023/v26i7644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: This study was carried out by analyzing the quantitative and qualitative of the biogas produced from cow dung by degrading mechanism. 32L of bioreactors was used for the study.
Methodology: The bioreactors were constructed to imitate the fixed batch prototype. The study lasted for 30 days and it was carried out at the National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria,Nsukka. Slurry was prepared in bioreactors. The substrates in the bioreactors were water and cow dung (intestinal and abdominal waste). The pH, the total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) characteristics of the substrate before and after digestion were determined using standard method. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of biogas production was by liquid displacement and gas Analyzer methods
Results: The results of the TS, VS and VFA were 400 mg/l, 92mg/l and 16.7 mg/l respectively in the predigested samples and 92 mg/l, 17.4mg/l and 28.3mg/l respectively in the post digested samples. The quantity of biogas produced at the first week was 8.5liters, 7.5litre and 6.1liter from the 4th day, 5th day and 8th days. The qualitative analysis showed that the prominent biogas produced was methane.
Conclusion: The results of the research concluded that high quantity of biogas can be produced using cow dung. Approaches and technology for more efficient biogas producing consortia are proposed.
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Singla, Aniket, Mihir Singh, Prof Amit Pal, and Dr Anil Kumar. "Design of Heat Exchanger for Solar Energy Application in Biogas Plant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The main aim of this report is to reduce the retention period by adding microbes, pretreatment processes that is by Physical, Chemical and Biological like using the solar air heater with heat exchanger and this process ruptures the cell wall of sludge flow structure and facilitates release of intracellular matter into aqueous phase, improving biodegradability with lower retention time and higher biogas yield. Further, the residue of the Biogas plant can be treated as a manure to fertilise the Soil. After heating water up to 100oC in the solar water heater, maintaining the temperature of slurry taking heat capacity of both the fluids same. Gas yield of around 0.2-0.33 m3 /m3 will be obtained compared to conventional biogas plant i.e., 0.05m3 /m3 . Keywords: Cow dung; slurry; Solar water heater; Heat exchanger; biogas; water
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Singh, Rajesh, Anshul Asre, Akhilesh Kumar, and Ankur Karde. "Studies on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) as influenced by growing media, cow urine, cow dung and cow dung slurry under net house condition." Progressive Horticulture 52, no. 2 (2020): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5258.2020.00023.8.
Повний текст джерела
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Widyowanti, Reni Astuti, Candra Ginting, and Rengga Arnalis Renjani. "The Potential of Biogas Slurry and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Slurry as Slow-Release Fertilizer Pellet Through Densification." PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/pt.v9i2.9588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic fertilizer can yield higher production compared to regular fertilizer if properly applied. Thus, it can be a solution to improve nutrient content of soil. The biggest source of bio slurry in plantation is from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and cow dung biogas. This research aimed to analyze the residue’s potential from the result of biogas processing and bio slurry from POME as slow-release fertilizer pellet. Bio slurry was processed into pellet through densification process using pellet mill. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design method with five slurry compositions as treatments, including 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 (ratio of biogas slurry and POME slurry), each consisted of three replications. According to the data obtained, fertilizer pellets had characteristics of 25 – 29 mm of length, 5.23 – 5.85 mm of diameter, 0.44 – 0.53 g/cm3 of density, 54.78% - 81.96% of durability, and 7.81% - 8.57% of moisture content. Based on density and durability aspects, 30:70 composition was the higher. Macronutrient content of the five compositions were 1.88% - 2.72%, in which on day 22, N, P, and K release was 0.36 – 1.01%, 73.51 – 97.48%, and 3.19 – 7.85%, respectively. Meanwhile, on day 17, the nutrition solution conductivity of all compositions had already reached 0.80 – 1 mS/cm.
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MP, M. IDRIS. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO -SLURRY TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica juncea L.)." KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan 5, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v5i1.9779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This study aims to determine the effect of bio-slurry fertilizer application on the vegetative growth of green mustard plant (<em>Brassica juncea l.</em>)</p><p>The research was conducted at Jalan Karya Kasih, Gang sawah, Medan Johor Sub-district, Medan at least ± 30 m above sea level. The research was conducted from June 2020 to July 2020.</p><p>The materials used in this study were green mustard seeds, top soil taken from the from Medan Johor sub-district, Medan City, Manure in the form of cow dung and goat manure which were used as basic ingredients for bio-Sllury and M-Bio fertilizers as pro- biotok for making Bio-Sllury compost and 10 kg polybags.</p><p>There are lots of tools such as Hands prayer s, hoes, machetes, chainsaws, title boards, plot boards and treatment boards, speed and stationery</p><p>This study used a factorial randomized design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications, namely: Factor I. Bio-Slurry fertilizer from cow dung (L), consisting of three levels, namely; L0 = Without Application of Cow Manure = 0 ton/ha or 0 g/Polybag ; L1 = 10 tons/ha or 40 g/Polybag; L2 = 20 ton/ha or 80 g/Polybag . Factor II. Bio-Slurry Fertilizer from Goat Manure (K) which consists of three levels, namely; K0 = Without Goat Manure = 0 ton/ha or 0 g/Polybag ; K1 = 10 tons/ha or 40 g/Polybag; K2 = 20 ton/ha or 80 g/Polybag . Thus there are 9 treatment combinations. 3 replicates and 27 polybag.</p><p>The implementation of the research includes: soil preparation, planting seeds, fertilization and harvesting while plant maintenance includes: insertion, giving water, weeding and controlling pests and disease.</p><p>Observation variables include: plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and wet weight (g). Furthermore, if the results of the research test show a significant difference from the treatment being tried, it can be continued with the Honest Average Difference (DMRT) test method.</p>
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Singh, Gurpreet, and Amit Pal. "Pretreatment technique on digester for algae Biogas production during winter." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim- Biogas is the one of essential renewable energy source for modern applications which can be replaced to the fossil fuels. An alga is a new renewable feedstock introduced for replacing the cow dung based bio gas system, which takes the less time digestion of slurry. But in spite of it during winters the digestion process takes long time, low slurry temperature of the digestion result in comparatively low efficiency or even a interruption in the fermentation. Proper temperature keep maintains for the biogas production in winter is the major problem. This paper purposes efficient fermentation for obtaining the digester is then design ed, optimizing these performance parameters, for biogas production. Low carbon: nitrogen can be increased by mixing of high rich carbon content material in a proper ratio by using coil fitted in the digester for productive biogas in winters.
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Srivastva, Varun, Narinder Singh Raina, Sandeep Sehgal, Kamal Kishore Sood, Vishal Mahajan, and Sanjeev Chauhaan. "Pre-sowing Treatments Impact on the Germination of Three Melia species (Melia Azeadarch, Melia composita and Melia dubia)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A nursery experiment was carried out to study germination rate of three different Melia species at the Division of Agroforestry, experimental farm at Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chatha, Jammu (UT). Three Melia species drupes (Melia azedarach, Melia composita and Melia dubia) were subjected to eight pre-sowing treatments. Analysis of the results revealed that Melia drupes treated with cow dung slurry for 30 days enhanced germination percentage and days to initial and final germination. Finding of the experiments showed that pre-sowing treatments was effective in enhancing germination and production of quality seedlings of Melia species.
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Yadav, Anoop, Renuka Gupta, and Vinod Garg. "Organic manure production from cow dung and biogas plant slurry by vermicomposting under field conditions." International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2, no. 1 (2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2251-7715-2-21.
Повний текст джерела
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Khalasi, D. N., T. R. Ahlawat, and A. K. Pandey. "Influence of hand trimming and bunch feeding of nutrient on yield and yield attributes of banana cv. Grand Naine." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A field experiment was conducted during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Instructional Farm, ACH, and Soil and Water Management Research Unit Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) to assess the effect of hand trimming and bunch feeding on yield and yield attributes parameters of banana cv. Grand Naine. The investigation comprised of ten treatments and each treatment was repeated thrice in CRD. The treatments viz. Control (T1), KNO3 1% without trimming (T2), KNO3 2% without trimming (T3), SOP 1.5% without trimming (T4), SOP 2.0% without trimming (T5), KNO3 1% with trimming of one apical hand (T6), KNO3 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T7), SOP 1.5% with trimming of one apical hand (T8), SOP 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T9) and 300g cowdung slurry + 10g SOP +20g ammonium sulphate (T10) were imposed on banana plants of cultivar ‘Grand Naine’. Banana bunch feeding with 300g cow dung slurry + 10g SOP + 20g ammonium sulphate recorded the maximum bunch weight, fruit yield, weight of 3rd hand, finger length, finger girth and finger weight in the pooled study.
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Ogunwande, Gbolabo A., Ademola I. Adeleye, Idris O. Nureni, and Oluwaseyi Omidiora. "The effects of cleaning/disinfecting agents on biogas production in the anaerobic digestion of cow dung slurry." Environmental Technology 39, no. 14 (June 24, 2017): 1803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1340346.
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Lama, Palden, Udita Mondal, and N. C. Das. "Monitoring the Yield and Biomass Production of Pusa Bold Variety in New Alluvial Zone." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1201.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An one year field experiment was carried out in Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mondouri, Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2017 to find out the yield and yield attributes of different irrigation and nutrient management of var. Pusa Bold. The experimentation was laid out in split plot design with irrigation in the main plot and fertiliser doses in subplots. At harvest, irrigation levels significantly influenced plant height. Three post-sowing irrigations viz. one irrigation at 30 DAS (I1), one irrigation at 60 DAS (I2) and two irrigations at 30 and 60 DAS (I3), three nutrient treatments viz. No fertiliser or manure (F0), 100% recommended NPK i.e. 80kg N, 40 kg P and 40 kg K ha-1 (F1) and 100% recommended NPK plus fresh cow dung slurry (FCS) @10,000 lit ha-1 (F2) were tested in a split plot design. Biomass production was significantly greater in I3 than I1 and I2, and in F2 than F1 and F0. The I3 x F2, I1 x F2 and I3 x F1 combinations maintained significantly greater plant height and yield components. Number of siliqua per plant and seeds per siliqua were the major contributors to the seed yield. The crop yield was the highest in I3XF2 combinations, and the similar yield was obtained in I1XF2 and I3XF1 combinations. Application of organic manure in the form of fresh cow dung slurry (FCS) with 100% NPK fertilisers produced greater plant height, crop growth rate, biomass production and yield attributes and saved one post sowing irrigation. Increasing dry matter accumulation with nutrient management was observed over control at this stage. F2 (Full dose of NPK + FCS) gave the best result which was statically at par with F1 (Full dose of NPK).Interaction effect was found to be significant at this stage i.e. I3 × F2 was found with best result. The lowest value was recorded with I2 × F0.
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Shaheb, MR, MI Nazrul, and ASM MR Khan. "Agro economic performance of Bio-slurry on boro rice cultivation in some sites of Moulvibazar district." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i2.32821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil fertility in Bangladesh is gradually diminishing and this is now becoming a critical issue. Biogas slurry is a renewable energy produced organic fertilizer can be applied for maintaining the fertility of soil. In this study, a two years experiment was conducted in the year 2011 and 2012 at the farmers field of Moulvibazar district under the agroecological zone 20 (AZE-20). The overall objective of the study was to observe the effect of bio-slurry on the agroeconomic performance of boro rice cultivation at on-farm condition. Three fertilizer treatments viz., T1: Soil test based (STB) inorganic fertilizer for high yield goal (HYG), T2: Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) based inorganic fertilizer + cowdung bio-slurry 5 tha-1 for HYG and T3: Farmers practice as control i.e. average of 20 farmers fertilizer application dose in boro rice were considered during experimentation. Results revealed that bioslurry based boro rice production is more profitable than chemical fertilizer. The highest grain yield (5.06 t ha-1) was recorded from IPNS with 5 t ha-1 cow dung slurry for HYG (T2) while the lowest yield was obtained from farmers practice. However, yield increase due to application of 5 t ha-1 Cowdung slurry slurry with IPNS based inorganic fertilizer was 115 and 124% compared to STB inorganic fertilizer and farmers followed treatment. Gross margin (Tk.65900 ha-1), benefit cost ratio (2.59) and marginal rate of return (451) were also obtained higher in the same treatment. Thus, nutrient package NPKSZn @102-12-25-18-2 kg + cowdung slurry 5 tha-1 might be helpful to get increased yield and improve soil health in AZE-20.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 363-371, June 2017
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Kumar, Gopalakrishnan, and Chiu-Yue Lin. "Biogenic Hydrogen Conversion of De-Oiled Jatropha Waste via Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation: Process Performance, Microbial Insights, andCO2Reduction Efficiency." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/946503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report the semicontinuous, direct (anaerobic sequencing batch reactor operation) hydrogen fermentation of de-oiled jatropha waste (DJW). The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was studied and results show that the stable and peak hydrogen production rate of 1.48 L/L*d and hydrogen yield of 8.7 mL H2/g volatile solid added were attained when the reactor was operated at HRT 2 days (d) with a DJW concentration of 200 g/L, temperature 55°C, and pH 6.5. Reduced HRT enhanced the production performance until 1.75 d. Further reduction has lowered the process efficiency in terms of biogas production and hydrogen gas content. The effluent from hydrogen fermentor was utilized for methane fermentation in batch reactors using pig slurry and cow dung as seed sources. The results revealed that pig slurry was a feasible seed source for methane generation. Peak methane production rate of 0.43 L CH4/L*d and methane yield of 20.5 mL CH4/g COD were observed at substrate concentration of 10 g COD/L, temperature 30°C, and pH 7.0. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that combination of celluloytic and fermentative bacteria were present in the hydrogen producing ASBR.
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Shaheb, MR, and MI Nazrul. "Effect of bioslurry on transplanted aus rice under rainfed condition in Sylhet." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (November 9, 2017): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experiment was conducted in farmer’s field with the aim to evaluate the effect of integrated use of bioslurry and inorganic fertilizer on the agroeconomic performance of transplanted aus rice (t. aus) (cv. BRRIdhan42) in AEZ 20. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were three treatments viz., T1: soil test based inorganic fertilizer dose for high yield goal (HYG), T2: cowdung (CD) slurry @ 5 t ha-1 with integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) basis inorganic fertilizer dose for HYG and T3: Farmer’s practice (average of 20 farmers fertilizer dose). The highest mean grain yield (3.93 t ha-1) of t. aus rice was obtained from the treatment T2 followed by T1 (3.46 t ha-1). Gross return, gross margin and benefit cost ratio were also observed higher in T2. Therefore, fertilizer package NPKSZn @ 56-4-20-9-1 kg ha-1 + cow dung slurry @ 5 t ha-1 in IPNS approach might be helpful for getting higher grain yield of t. aus rice and maintaining sustainable soil health as well.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 467-474, September 2017
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Obileke, KeChrist, Sampson Mamphweli, Edson L. Meyer, Golden Makaka, and Nwabunwanne Nwokolo. "Development of a Mathematical Model and Validation for Methane Production Using Cow Dung as Substrate in the Underground Biogas Digester." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
South Africa is highly dependent on conventional fuels from non-renewable energy sources such as coal and fossil fuels. The methane from biogas is a renewable energy source for generating electricity using a combined heat and power plant. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop and validate a mathematical model for predicting methane production in an underground biogas digester. The developed model was able to predict the production of methane gas as separate entity differing from other models. A total of 286 datasets were used as a trained dataset for the model development, and 144 datasets served as test data for the validation of the model, making a total of 430 measured datasets of all the predictors. The determination coefficient (R2) and the p-value of the predicted and calculated methane yield were 0.962 and 0.920, respectively. The high R2 in the present study confirms a good correlation between the model and experimental value. Hence, the model is of significance because it is applicable in predicting the performance of methane production of systems of the same design used in different locations, thereby arriving at the same constant values. From the study, the ambient weather factors (ambient temperature, relative humidity, and global horizontal irradiance) affected the methane production. Additionally, the indoor parameters (pH, gas temperature, slurry bottom and slurry top temperature) impacted on the yield of the methane production because the scaling factors associated with these quantities are non-zero real numbers. Hence, the scope of the study did not consider the volume of the biogas digester as an input parameter to the response.
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Emawati, S., W. Swastike, I. N. Saputro, and A. I. Sari. "Community empowerment through development of biogas installation with fixed dome plant technology in Kenteng Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1001, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1001/1/012029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Kenteng Village has the potential for beef development due to its high cattle population. However, cow dung waste produced by farmers has not been optimally used, hence its additional benefits have not contributed to the community’s economy. This has also led to environmental pollution due to improper waste management. Therefore, empowerment efforts are needed to improve farmers’ knowledge and skills in managing livestock manure to increase their income and create environmentally friendly conditions through training activities on the manufacture of organic bio-slurry fertilizer as well as maintenance and construction of biogas installations using fixed dome plant technology. Furthermore, the training was held from August 15-September 26, 2021, in Kenteng Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. The empowerment program is implemented through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), extension, training, demonstration plots on the production technology of organic fertilizer and biogas for fuel production. Materials used in producing the fertilizer include slurry obtained from biogas waste and agricultural lime/dolomite. The dome plant constructed contains a digester with 6 main parts, namely inlet, reactor, gas reservoir, outlet, gas transport system and compost pits for degassed animal manure/bio-slurry. The training result shows an increase in farmers’ knowledge and skills on the application of bio-slurry organic fertilizer production technology and the construction of biogas installations as a fuel producer. There was also an increase in their income, which improved their standard of living. Conclusively, the community in Kenteng Village was more empowered by the existence of a biogas installation development program.
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DABAS, J. P. S., NISHI SHARMA, S. K. DUBEY, AMBRISH SHARMA, LAKHAN SINGH, and A. V. DUBEY. "Utilizing cow dung and slurry for energy sufficiency of farms and households: Experiences of field studies across three Indian states." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 8 (August 21, 2018): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i8.82538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies were undertaken at the appraisal phase (2003), concurrent stage (2005-2010) and terminal phase (2012). At the appraisal stage, PRA exercise was done by a multi-disciplinary team of scientists in the villages of Ureeka and Pipli of Chirawa Tehsil of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan; Achhej and Pahripur of Jhajhar district in Haryana and Nekpur , Siriyal, Chak and Jahagirpur of Bulandshahar district in Uttar Pradesh (UP). Data were collected from the above eight (8) villages on longitudinal basis, i.e. during pre-project stage (appraisal stage), ongoing snowballing of the intervention (i.e. concurrent stage) and after the closer of the project (i.e. terminal stage). Data were collected from 250 biogas users on the parameters of most acceptable technical requirements for the unit, output analysis of biogas, use analysis of biogas slurry, economic analysis of the unit, the intangible benefits from biogas and also the constraints experienced therein. These data were collected from individual farmers as well as from their group to arrive at most agreeable information. The simple statistics of average, percentage and unitary derivations were worked out to draw meaningful conclusions. Results indicated that in general farmers across the three states preferred the smaller size (3.0 m3) of the plant which required the lower cow dung quantity (75 kg/day). The cost of construction of thesmaller unit was found to be affordable in three states which ranged from Rupees 14-15 thousand/unit. The quantity of usable quantity of gas produced from the unit ranged from 40-45 kg/month/household. The quantity of gas produced was estimated to be equivalent to three LPG cylinders/household/month which was sufficient for meeting the kitchen and other requirements of the family on daily basis. From the gas produced, every household could utilize the light energy equivalent to 300 watts for 4 hr every day and even the small engine of 15 HP could also be operated for an hour every day. Another very important output of such smaller unit was estimated to be quantity of usable slurry produced in every house and this was observed to the extent of 145-150 l of slurry every day which if stored properly could be around 1000 l every week. Thus, by investing the Rupees 15000 in installation and running of the family size unit of bio-gas, there was saving to the extent of Rupees 33000 per family per year and the net profit in the first year was 120% higher (Rupees 18000) of the operational cost whereas in the second year and subsequent years, the net profit was computed to be 200% higher of the investment. Other intangible benefits of biogas as experienced by the respondents were reduction in drudgery among the women and lessoning the pollution at the household level. Few constraints were also delineated by the users of the biogas.