Статті в журналах: "Coverages"

1

Chen, Benjamin W. J., and Manos Mavrikakis. "How coverage influences thermodynamic and kinetic isotope effects for H2/D2 dissociative adsorption on transition metals." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 3 (2020): 671–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy02338k.

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Hydrogen isotope effects are influenced by adsorbate coverage: at high coverages, isotope effects are lower than at low coverages. This helps to rationalize observed isotope effects, allowing more precise elucidation of reaction mechanisms.

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2

Gómez-Déniz, Emilio, and Enrique Calderín-Ojeda. "A Priori Ratemaking Selection Using Multivariate Regression Models Allowing Different Coverages in Auto Insurance." Risks 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9070137.

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A comprehensive auto insurance policy usually provides the broadest protection for the most common events for which the policyholder would file a claim. On the other hand, some insurers offer extended third-party car insurance to adapt to the personal needs of every policyholder. The extra coverage includes cover against fire, natural hazards, theft, windscreen repair, and legal expenses, among some other coverages that apply to specific events that may cause damage to the insured’s vehicle. In this paper, a multivariate distribution, based on a conditional specification, is proposed to account for different numbers of claims for different coverages. Then, the premium is computed for each type of coverage separately rather than for the total claims number. Closed-form expressions are given for moments and cross-moments, parameter estimates, and for a priori premiums when different premiums principles are considered. In addition, the severity of claims can be incorporated into this multivariate model to derive multivariate claims’ severity distributions. The model is extended by developing a zero-inflated version. Regression models for both multivariate families are derived. These models are used to fit a real auto insurance portfolio that includes five types of coverage. Our findings show that some specific covariates are statistically significant in some coverages, yet they are not so for others.

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3

Orenti, Annalisa, and Ettore Marubini. "Performance of Robust Regression Methods in Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Calibration." International Journal of Biological Markers 29, no. 4 (September 12, 2014): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000067.

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The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is routinely used to estimate the unknown concentration of nucleic acids in a given solution by means of calibration. However, when outliers are present it could appear sensible to resort to robust regression methods. We analyzed data from an External Quality Control program concerning quantitative real-time PCR and we found that 24 laboratories out of 40 presented outliers, which occurred most frequently at the lowest concentrations. In this article we investigated and compared the performance of the OLS method, the least absolute deviation (LAD) method, and the biweight MM-estimator in real-time PCR calibration via a Monte Carlo simulation. Outliers were introduced by replacement contamination. When contamination was absent the coverages of OLS and MM-estimator intervals were acceptable and their widths small, whereas LAD intervals had acceptable coverages at the expense of higher widths. In the presence of contamination we observed a trade-off between width and coverage: the OLS performance got worse, the MM-estimator intervals widths remained short (but this was associated with a reduction in coverages), while LAD intervals widths were constantly larger with acceptable coverages at the nominal level.

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4

BARNES, COLIN J., CAROLINE M. WHELAN, CHANTAL GREGOIRE, and JEAN-JACQUES PIREAUX. "A HREELS STUDY OF BENZENETHIOL ADSORPTION ON Au(111) AND Au(322)." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 02 (April 1999): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000226.

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Adsorption of benzenethiol on a Au(111)-[Formula: see text]-reconstructed surface at 300 K leads to formation of molecular long range disordered overlayers without lifting of the surface reconstruction. Absence of the S–H stretching vibration, both in and out of specular scattering geometry, along with identification of modes typical of benzene-like systems, indicates formation of a thiolate intermediate at both saturation and submonolayer coverage. Comparison of HREELS band intensities as a function of coverage in the specular direction indicates that no major coverage-dependent reorientation occurs on Au (111) . Consideration of relative band intensities, use of dipole selection rules and comparison with previous studies of benzene and benzenethiol adsorption on transition metal surfaces indicate a largely flat-lying bonding geometry at both monolayer and submonolayer coverages. In contrast, adsorption on Au(322), a surface consisting of monoatomic (100) steps separating (111) microterraces five unit cells wide, leads to formation of an ordered monolayer. The adsorbed intermediate on Au (322) is benzenethiolate at both low and high coverage. At low coverages the molecule is strongly inclined with respect to the (111) micro-terraces while at higher coverages adsorbates adopt a more flat-lying geometry. This unusual behavior may be due to coverage-dependent occupation of step and terrace sites with a strongly inclined species formed at step sites, preferentially occupied at low coverage, and a second flat-lying state becoming occupied within the monolayer. Alternatively, both step- and terrace-bound thiolate are strongly inclined at low exposures, with the two species undergoing an orientational transition beyond a critical coverage to form a more flat-lying intermediate. This study shows clear evidence for step-induced ordering of the thiolate intermediate and the ability of steps to promote a molecular reorientation.

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5

Evans, Lance S., and Phillip Dombrovskiy. "Anatomical Characteristics of Sunlight-induced Bark (Periderm) Coverages on Columnar Cacti of Central Mexico." Journal of Plant Studies 9, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v9n2p20.

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More than twenty-three species of tall, long-lived columnar cacti from a large variety of locations within the Americas show sunlight-induced periderm development on their stems. Periderm coverages lead to cactus morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to determine if periderm coverage patterns and anatomical characteristics of periderm formation differ among five cactus species located at a single site. Periderm coverages, patterns of periderm coverages and histological changes during the periderm formation process were determined for five native species of tall, long-lived columnar cacti in the Tehuacán Valley of Puebla, Mexico during May to June 2019. Periderm coverages and patterns of periderm on cactus surface varied among the species. On surfaces, some species had periderm form at crests initially, while one species had initial periderm form where troughs join. All species had the same internal tissues but the characteristics of these tissues varied among species. In response to periderm formation, one species retained its cuticle while one species retained its hypodermis intact and another produced cork cells inside the hypodermis. Overall, the histological changes that result from periderm formation were specific for each species and no pair of species showed the same responses to periderm formation. In conjunction with data from species from South America, eight distinct scenarios of histological manifestations were documented. Although, each of the five cactus species were in the same location and received the same amount of sunlight exposures, each species showed unique periderm coverages on surfaces, unique anatomical characteristics and unique anatomical responses. Thus, location was not the primary determinant of responses.

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6

Pamula, Vamsee K., and R. Venkat. "Beating in the RHEED Intensity Oscillations during Surfactant Mediated GaAs Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Process Physics and Modeling." VLSI Design 6, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1998): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/70460.

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In a recent work, beating in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations were observed during molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of GaAs with Sn as a surfactant. The strength of beating is found to be dependent on the Sn submonolayer coverage with strong beating observed for 0.4 monolayer coverage. For a fixed temperature and flux ratio (Ga to As), the period of oscillation decreases with increasing Sn coverage. In this work, we have developed a rate equation model of growth to investigate this phenomenon. In our model, the GaAs covered by the Sn is assumed to grow at a faster rate compared to the GaAs not covered by Sn. Assuming that the electron beams reflected from the Sn covered surface and the rest of the surface are incoherent, the results of the dependence of the RHEED oscillations on Sn submonolayer coverages for various Sn coverages were obtained and compared with experimental data and the agreement is good.

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7

Oh, Sang-Ho, and Jae-Sung Lee. "CHANGE OF HORIZONTAL WAVE PRESSURES ON A CAISSON DEPENDING ON THE CREST LEVEL OF ARMOR LAYERS ON THE RUBBLE MOUNTED CORE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.structures.29.

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This study reports physical experiment campaign to measure horizontal wave pressure acting on a solid caisson that is protected with double-layer Tetrapods and core-layer of rubble stones. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of crest level of the armor layers on the measured wave pressures. The measurements were conducted with four different models in terms of the coverage of the front face of the caisson: no coverage, full coverage up to the crest of the caisson, and two different partial coverages where the crest level of the armor layers were lower than the crest of the caisson. The wave pressures above the still water level showed significant discrepancy depending on different armor coverages, especially for the caisson that are partially protected by armor blocks. It seemed that impulsive loadings acted at times on the top exposed part of the caisson if the caisson is imperfectly protected by armor blocks.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/e8oNZrmiTjo

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8

Yamashita, Jun, and Norio Nunomura. "First-Principles Study of Chlorine Adsorption on Clean Aluminum Surface." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1796.

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Using density functional theory (DFT) we investigated the adsorption of chlorine atom on aluminum surface in the orientations, (100), (110), and (111). The structural and thermodynamic properties of chlorine atoms adsorbed on the Al (100), Al (110), and Al (111) surface for chlorine coverages of 1/9, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 3/4, and 1 monolayer (ML) are calculated. The largest bond strength is observed for a top, fcc, and hcp mixed structure at 3/4 ML coverage on Al (111). Adsorption free energy analysis reveals that the chlorine coverage of 3/4 ML of Al (111) is the most thermodynamically stable over the widest range of chlorine chemical potential and 1 ML of Al (111) is thermodynamically unstable, whereas various chlorine coverages of Al (100) and Al (110) take stable phase for a range of chlorine chemical potential.

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9

Cascarini de Torre, L. E., J. L. Llanos, and E. J. Bottani. "Nitrogen cross-sectional area on standard graphite." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 2 (1988): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880251.

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Nitrogen physical adsorption at 77.5 and 80.4 K on a standard graphite was studied with the purpose too analyze adsorption models and to determine nitrogen cross-sectional areas for each model. With this intention different models, such as Van der Waals, Langmuir, and BET, which describe the adsorption process at different surface coverages were employed. Molar differential entropies and isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated. A two-dimensional phase transition was confirmed. Adsorbed molecule cross-sectional areas were determined at different surface coverages, by direct comparison with that corresponding to argon. The values obtained varied in a wide range (0.135 to 0.166 nm2) depending on surface coverage.

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10

SZŰGYI, Zalán, and Zalán PORKOLÁB. "Comparison of DC and MC/DC Code Coverages." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2013-0050.

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11

BURKHOLDER, L., D. STACCHIOLA, and W. T. TYSOE. "KINETIC AND REACTIVE PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE ON CLEAN AND HYDROGEN-COVERED Pd(111)." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 06 (December 2003): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03005712.

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Several molecular adsorption states are identified following ethylene adsorption on clean and hydrogen-covered Pd(111) using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Di-σ-bonded ethylene forms on clean Pd(111) desorbing with an activation energy of 80 kJ/mol at low coverages. The strong intermolecular lateral interactions considerably reduce the desorption temperature at higher coverages. Π-bonded ethylene is formed on hydrogen-covered Pd(111), where the proportion of π-bonded species increases with hydrogen coverage. This species converts to the more stable di-σ-bonded species on heating. Ethane formation is detected in TPD from hydrogen-precovered Pd(111), which is predominantly formed by reaction with π-bonded ethylene.

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12

Albers, Passier, van den Berg, and van der Meer. "Automated Analysis of Platelet Aggregation on Cultured Endothelium in a Microfluidic Chip Perfused with Human Whole Blood." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110781.

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Organ-on-a-chip models with incorporated vasculature are becoming more popular to study platelet biology. A large variety of image analysis techniques are currently used to determine platelet coverage, ranging from manually setting thresholds to scoring platelet aggregates. In this communication, an automated methodology is introduced, which corrects misalignment of a microfluidic channel, automatically defines regions of interest and utilizes a triangle threshold to determine platelet coverages and platelet aggregate size distributions. A comparison between the automated methodology and manual identification of platelet aggregates shows a high accuracy of the triangle methodology. Furthermore, the image analysis methodology can determine platelet coverages and platelet size distributions in microfluidic channels lined with either untreated or activated endothelium used for whole blood perfusion, proving the robustness of the method.

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13

Zhang, Guo-Qiang. "Compact Coverages Generate Spectral Frames." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 83 (2003): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(03)50015-9.

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14

Beltramo, Peter J., Manish Gupta, Alexandra Alicke, Irma Liascukiene, Deniz Z. Gunes, Charles N. Baroud, and Jan Vermant. "Arresting dissolution by interfacial rheology design." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 39 (September 11, 2017): 10373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705181114.

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A strategy to halt dissolution of particle-coated air bubbles in water based on interfacial rheology design is presented. Whereas previously a dense monolayer was believed to be required for such an “armored bubble” to resist dissolution, in fact engineering a 2D yield stress interface suffices to achieve such performance at submonolayer particle coverages. We use a suite of interfacial rheology techniques to characterize spherical and ellipsoidal particles at an air–water interface as a function of surface coverage. Bubbles with varying particle coverages are made and their resistance to dissolution evaluated using a microfluidic technique. Whereas a bare bubble only has a single pressure at which a given radius is stable, we find a range of pressures over which bubble dissolution is arrested for armored bubbles. The link between interfacial rheology and macroscopic dissolution of ∼ 100 μm bubbles coated with ∼ 1 μm particles is presented and discussed. The generic design rationale is confirmed by using nonspherical particles, which develop significant yield stress at even lower surface coverages. Hence, it can be applied to successfully inhibit Ostwald ripening in a multitude of foam and emulsion applications.

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15

Lee, Jaejun, and Y. Richard Kim. "Determination of the optimal number of coverages for the rolling of chip seals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-129.

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This paper presents a method to determine the optimal protocol for rolling chip seals based on aggregate retention performance and aggregate embedment depth. To evaluate performance, the flip-over test (FOT), the Vialit test, the modified sand circle test, and the third-scale model mobile loading simulator (MMLS3) were employed. Two chip seal types (single and double) and three numbers of coverages (1, 3, and 5) were used as parameters to determine an optimal number of coverages. It was found from the aggregate retention test results and measured aggregate embedment depths that three coverages is the optimum number of coverages and the extra time needed for the two additional coverages cannot be justified.

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16

Philipp, J. "Equitable access to spectrum in further development of the Geneva 2006 frequency plan." Advances in Radio Science 9 (December 8, 2011): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-9-397-2011.

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Abstract. Since the frequency plan of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference Geneva 2006 has come into force, many attempts have been made towards its enhancement. The preliminary results, however, seem not to be compliant with elementary principles of distribution justice. Therefore, the planning principles which lead to the observed imbalance will be scrutinized. Furthermore it will be shown that the utilization of spectrum can be advanced in a balanced way when the same (necessary) condition for "equitable access", which has been used by a group of middle European countries for the construction of the original frequency plan, is applied to plan refinements as well. The necessary condition mentioned consists simply in the parity of the number of coverages (constituted of disjoint allotments) configured in the plan for each country. In order to be able to plan enhancements, the concept of coverage number has to be generalized to the case of incomplete coverages of potentially overlapping allotments. The computation of coverage numbers is straightforward and renders the concept of coverage number parity a useful tool to be applied as a necessary condition in testing a frequency plan variant for equitable access.

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17

TARANKO, EWA, and RYSZARD TARANKO. "THEORY OF CHEMISORPTION ON METAL SURFACES AT FINITE SUBMONOLAYER COVERAGES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 08, no. 14 (June 30, 1994): 1893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979294000786.

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A chemisorption theory of hydrogen-like atoms on metal surfaces at submonolayer coverages, based on the generalized Anderson-Newns Hamiltonian and Green’s Function formalism, is presented. A very general Hamiltonian with the terms proportional to three and four adion number operators was derived. The utility of this Hamiltonian in the context of the lattice gas model of the chemisorbed layer with non-additive lateral interactions is discussed. The coverage-dependence of the electronic structure of chemisorbed adlayer is investigated. It is shown, that the adatom ionization level’s self-energy is evidently coverage dependent as opposite to this one corresponding to the affinity level.

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18

ROBINSON, M. C., A. J. SLAVIN, and K. DE'BELL. "A STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION OF Pb ON THE Au(111) SURFACE BY STM AND EAM-MD SIMULATIONS." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 05 (October 1999): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000810.

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Surface reconstructions often result in novel growth morphologies, and are therefore of potential technological interest. The Au(111) surface will reconstruct into the [Formula: see text] "herringbone" structure. Low coverages (up to 0.3 monolayers) have been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature, to determine the impact of the reconstruction on diffusion and thin film growth. The same system has been studied using embedded-atom model molecular dynamics (EAM-MD). These simulations, in addition to providing morphological information, permit qualitative comparison of diffusion phenomena. Experimental results indicate that initial sites for Pb adsorption are located at the herringbone kinks. For higher coverages, Pb prefers hcp and fcc stacking regions, avoiding the herringbone ridges. The reconstruction is removed for some coverage between 0.05 and 0.2 monolayers. STM and EAM results will be compared.

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19

Schröder, Elsebeth. "Methanol Adsorption on Graphene." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/871706.

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The adsorption energies and orientation of methanol on graphene are determined from first-principles density functional calculations. We employ the well-tested vdW-DF method that seamlessly includes dispersion interactions with all of the more close-ranged interactions that result in bonds like the covalent and hydrogen bonds. The adsorption of a single methanol molecule and small methanol clusters on graphene is studied at various coverages. Adsorption in clusters or at high coverages (less than a monolayer) is found to be preferable, with the methanol C-O axis approximately parallel to the plane of graphene. The adsorption energies calculated with vdW-DF are compared with previous DFT-D and MP2-based calculations for single methanol adsorption on flakes of graphene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). For the high coverage adsorption energies, we also find reasonably good agreement with previous desorption measurements.

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20

Liu, Jiaqi, Reiji Kimura, and Jing Wu. "Vertical Profiles of Wind-Blown Sand Flux over Fine Gravel Surfaces and Their Implications for Field Observation in Arid Regions." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101029.

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We used a compact boundary layer wind tunnel equipped with a turbulence generator and a piezoelectric blown-sand meter to investigate the effects of the surface coverage of fine gravel on wind-blown sand flux. The vertical profile of wind-blown sand over a flat sand surface showed an exponential distribution at all wind speeds, whereas the profile over gravel surfaces of 20% or greater coverage showed a non-monotonic vertical distribution. At 20% to 30% gravel coverages, a peak of wind-blown sand flux developed between 6 and 10 cm above the ground at all wind speeds because of less energy loss due to grain-bed collisions at that level. To analyze the erosional state of wind-blown sand, we used the Wu–Ling index (λ) of the mass-flux density of sand-bearing wind. Values of λ for all gravel coverages were greater than 1 at all wind speeds, indicating an unsaturated (erosional) state. Moreover, we found that the wind-blown sand flux at 4 cm height accounted for about 20% of the total flux regardless of wind speed and gravel coverage. This finding can simplify future estimations of total near-surface wind-blown sand flux based on field observations because such measurements can be taken at just one height.

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21

Liu, Jingzhou, Beth F. Kochin, Yonas I. Tekle, and Alison P. Galvani. "Epidemiological game-theory dynamics of chickenpox vaccination in the USA and Israel." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 66 (June 2011): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0001.

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The general consensus from epidemiological game-theory studies is that vaccination coverage driven by self-interest (Nash vaccination) is generally lower than group-optimal coverage (utilitarian vaccination). However, diseases that become more severe with age, such as chickenpox, pose an exception to this general consensus. An individual choice to be vaccinated against chickenpox has the potential to harm those not vaccinated by increasing the average age at infection and thus the severity of infection as well as those already vaccinated by increasing the probability of breakthrough infection. To investigate the effects of these externalities on the relationship between Nash and utilitarian vaccination coverages for chickenpox, we developed a game-theory epidemic model that we apply to the USA and Israel, which has different vaccination programmes, vaccination and treatment costs, as well as vaccination coverage levels. We find that the increase in chickenpox severity with age can reverse the typical relationship between utilitarian and Nash vaccination coverages in both the USA and Israel. Our model suggests that to obtain herd immunity of chickenpox vaccination, subsidies or external regulation should be used if vaccination costs are high. By contrast, for low vaccination costs, improving awareness of the vaccine and the potential cost of chickenpox infection is crucial.

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22

Ongan, Serdar, and Ismet Gocer. "How Do Various Health Insurance Coverages Affect COVID-19-related Stay-at-Home-Tendencies of People Across US States?" Journal of Health Management 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420983610.

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This study investigates the relations between COVID-19-related stay-at-home-tendencies and various health insurance coverages of people across US states. To this aim, the K-means clustering and panel regression analysis with cross-sectional dependence are applied. The main empirical finding reveals that various health insurance coverages have different level impacts on COVID-19-related stay-at-home-tendencies. People who are uninsured tend to stay at home the most as compared with people with private, Medicaid, Medicare and military health insurance coverages. As a result, it may be interpreted that uninsured people have serious concerns about affording healthcare costs associated with COVID-19 and, thereby, stay at home. However, people with private health insurance coverages tend to stay at home the least. This may also lead to the interpretation that people with private health insurance coverages feel safer and better protected against the rising risks of this pandemic outside their homes.

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23

FRANK, ANDREW U., GARY S. VOLTA, and MATT McGRANAGHAN. "Formalization of families of categorical coverages." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 11, no. 3 (April 1997): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136588197242365.

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24

Menudier, C., and T. Koleck. "Sub-Reflectarrays Performances for Reconfigurable Coverages." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, no. 7 (July 2012): 3476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2196907.

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25

Preda, Iulian, Leonardo Soriano, Daniel Díaz-Fernández, Guillermo Domínguez-Cañizares, Alejandro Gutiérrez, Germán R. Castro, and Jesús Chaboy. "X-ray absorption study of the local structure at the NiO/oxide interfaces." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 4 (May 23, 2013): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513012417.

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This work reports an X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy study at the NiK-edge in the early stages of growth of NiO on non-ordered SiO2, Al2O3and MgO thin films substrates. Two different coverages of NiO on the substrates have been studied. The analysis of the XANES region shows that for high coverages (80 Eq-ML) the spectra are similar to that of bulk NiO, being identical for all substrates. In contrast, for low coverages (1 Eq-ML) the spectra differ from that of large coverages indicating that the local order around Ni is limited to the first two coordination shells. In addition, the results also suggest the formation of cross-linking bonds Ni—O—M(M= Si, Al, Mg) at the interface.

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26

Aji, Kumowarih Trisno, Prasetiyo Hadi Purwoko, Andam Deatama Refino, Mohammad Kemal Agusta, and Hermawan Kresno Dipojono. "Computational Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrazine Adsorption on Ni(110) Surface." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.217.

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Hydrazine adsorption on Ni(110) surface is studied using density functional theory. Adsorption of hydrazine in its critical conformations (anti, cis, and gauche) on both 0.25 ML and 0.11 ML coverages are investigated. The results reveal that on both coverage, gauche conformations are adsorbed as the most stable conformation. The stable conformation tends to shift to cis as the coverage is reduced. Density of states analysis suggests that dz2-band of Ni and pz orbital of hydrazine are responsible for bonding formation between two constituents.

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27

Cardoso, Deisy Lúcia, Denise Renata Pedrinho, Giselle Feliciani Barbosa, Wolff Camargo Marques Filho, José Antônio Maior Bono, and José Francisco Assis Rolim. "Soil mulch in control of soil temperature and incidence of weeds in the production of crisphead lettuce." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): e1869119729. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9729.

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It was evaluated the effects of different types of mulching of soil in the cultivation of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivar “Lucy Brown”, in the spring period, on weed control, soil temperature and productivity. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications in plots of 14.0m2. The following coverages were studied: Pennisetum glaucum L., Avena strigosa, Brachiaria ruziziensis, plus the control treatment (soil without mulching). The use of mulching of soil, P. glaucum and B. ruziziensis, proved to be a beneficial practice, reducing the soil temperature by up to 5ºC. There was a lower incidence of weeds with the use of the P. glaucum and A. strigosa coverages. The use of mulch did not provide a significant gain in productivity, however, there was a gain regarding the quality of the product, since the coverage with P. glaucum provided an increase in the size of the head (fresh mass of the commercial head).

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28

Neff, Julia L., Jan Götzen, Enhui Li, Michael Marz, and Regina Hoffmann-Vogel. "Molecular-resolution imaging of pentacene on KCl(001)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 3 (February 29, 2012): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.20.

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The growth of pentacene on KCl(001) at submonolayer coverage was studied by dynamic scanning force microscopy. At coverages below one monolayer pentacene was found to arrange in islands with an upright configuration. The molecular arrangement was resolved in high-resolution images. In these images two different types of patterns were observed, which switch repeatedly. In addition, defects were found, such as a molecular vacancy and domain boundaries.

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29

Valles Jr., J. M., R. H. Higley, B. R. Johnson, and R. B. Hallock. "Measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 for 3He–4He mixture films as a function of 3He coverage and 4He film thickness." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-256.

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We report measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) T2 for 3He–4He mixture films on Nuclepore substrates for 39 mK < T < 180 mK. 3He coverages up to a 0.091 atomic monolayer have been studied on 4He films with thickness up to 18.1 Å. We find the surprising result that the nmr T2 is not a strong function of either the 3He coverage or the 4He film thickness.

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30

Knapp, S. J., W. C. Bridges-Jr, and M. H. Yang. "Nonparametric confidence interval estimators for heritability and expected selection response." Genetics 121, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.891.

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Abstract Statistical methods have not been described for comparing estimates of family-mean heritability (H) or expected selection response (R), nor have consistently valid methods been described for estimating R intervals. Nonparametric methods, e.g., delete-one jackknifing, may be used to estimate variances, intervals, and hypothesis test statistics in estimation problems where parametric methods are unsuitable, nonrobust, or undefinable. Our objective was to evaluate normal-approximation jackknife interval estimators for H and R using Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations were done using normally distributed within-family effects and normally, uniformly, and exponentially distributed between-family effects. Realized coverage probabilities for jackknife interval (2) and parametric interval (5) for H were not significantly different from stated probabilities when between-family effects were normally distributed. Coverages for jackknife intervals (3) and (4) for R were not significantly different from stated coverages when between-family effects were normally distributed. Coverages for interval (3) for R were occasionally significantly less than stated when between-family effects were uniformly or exponentially distributed. Coverages for interval (2) for H were occasionally significantly less than stated when between-family effects were exponentially distributed. Thus, intervals (3) and (4) for R and (2) for H were robust. Means of analysis of variance estimates of R were often significantly less than parametric values when the number of families evaluated was 60 or less. Means of analysis of variance estimates of H were consistently significantly less than parametric values. Means of jackknife estimates of H calculated from log transformed point estimates and R calculated from untransformed or log transformed point estimates were not significantly different from parametric values. Thus, jackknife estimators of H and R were unbiased. Delete-one jackknifing is a robust, versatile, and effective statistical method when applied to estimation problems involving variance functions. Jackknifing is especially valuable in hypothesis test estimation problems where the objective is comparing estimates from different populations.

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31

Peng, Paul, Anton Oscar Beitia, Daniel J. Vreeman, George T. Loo, Bradley N. Delman, Frederick Thum, Tina Lowry, and Jason S. Shapiro. "Mapping of HIE CT terms to LOINC®: analysis of content-dependent coverage and coverage improvement through new term creation." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy135.

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AbstractObjectiveWe describe and evaluate the mapping of computerized tomography (CT) terms from 40 hospitals participating in a health information exchange (HIE) to a standard terminology.MethodsProprietary CT exam terms and corresponding exam frequency data were obtained from 40 participant HIE sites that transmitted radiology data to the HIE from January 2013 through October 2015. These terms were mapped to the Logical Observations Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®) terminology using the Regenstrief LOINC mapping assistant (RELMA) beginning in January 2016. Terms without initial LOINC match were submitted to LOINC as new term requests on an ongoing basis. After new LOINC terms were created, proprietary terms without an initial match were reviewed and mapped to these new LOINC terms where appropriate. Content type and token coverage were calculated for the LOINC version at the time of initial mapping (v2.54) and for the most recently released version at the time of our analysis (v2.63). Descriptive analysis was performed to assess for significant differences in content-dependent coverage between the 2 versions.ResultsLOINC’s content type and token coverages of HIE CT exam terms for version 2.54 were 83% and 95%, respectively. Two-hundred-fifteen new LOINC CT terms were created in the interval between the releases of version 2.54 and 2.63, and content type and token coverages, respectively, increased to 93% and 99% (P < .001).ConclusionLOINC’s content type coverage of proprietary CT terms across 40 HIE sites was 83% but improved significantly to 93% following new term creation.

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32

Никитина, Элина, and Elina Nikitina. "Statistical Method of Processing the Results of Experimental Research of Polycode-Polymodal Text Influence on Audience (Using the Example of Regional Televigion Sports Coverage)." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d4d6c94de5105.63925948.

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This article analyzes the description of the procedure of statistical processing of the obtained experimental data of polycode-polymodal texts influence on audience. As examples of such complicated texts were taken sports coverages aired on television covering the Republic of Bashkortostan. Sports coverages are polycode-polymodal texts as they combine components belonging to different sign systems in one text and this information is percepted by audience with the help of two channels: visual and audial. In our research the audience was represented by the first-year and secondyear students of Ufa State Aviation Technical University. Their task was to estimate 100 television sport coverages using the scale offered. Because of technical reasons 10 sports coverages were analyzed with the usage of STATISTICA Version 6, Statsoft program. We received the following results. The audial perceptual channel is suggested to be leading as audience’s total perceptual estimation was influenced by reporter’s speech quality (presence or absence speech defects) the most.

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33

ERKOÇ, ŞAKIR, and ŞENAY KATIRCIOĞLU. "DECOMPOSITION OF C60 MOLECULES ON Si(100)(2 × 1) SURFACE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 11, no. 05 (July 2000): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183100000900.

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We have investigated the decomposition of C 60 molecules with low and high coverages on Si(100)(2×1) surface at elevated temperatures. We also investigated the decomposition of an isolated C 60 molecule. We employed molecular-dynamics simulation using a model potential. It has been found that C 60 decomposes on Si(100) surface after 1000 K in the case of low coverage (0.11), however in high coverage case (0.67), C 60 molecules decompose after 900 K. On the other hand, isolated C 60 molecule decomposes after 7500 K, interestingly it shows a phase change from 3D to 2D at higher temperatures.

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34

STAMPFL, C., J. NEUGEBAUER, and M. SCHEFFLER. "THEORETICAL EVIDENCE FOR UNUSUAL BONDING GEOMETRY AND PHASE TRANSITIONS OF Na ON Al(001)." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 02n03 (August 1994): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000217.

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We performed density-functional theory calculations for Na on Al(001) for various coverages from a very low concentration up to a monolayer. From the results we predict that for low coverages the Na atoms occupy on-surface hollow sites which is the stable geometry, but for higher coverages this is only metastable; the stable geometry is reached through a phase transition to a condensed c(2×2) structure where the Na atoms are in surface substitutional sites (contrary to previously suggested models). The mechanism which actuates the island formation with a substitutional geometry is described and the differences to the substitutional adsorption of alkali metals on Al(111) are discussed.

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35

Barel, R., Y. Mai, G. R. Carlow, and M. Zinke-Allmang. "Clustering on surfaces at finite areal coverages." Applied Surface Science 104-105 (September 1996): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(96)00361-3.

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36

Voidrot, Marie-Francoise, and George Percivall. "OGC Geospatial Coverages Data Cube Community Practice." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 509 (July 10, 2020): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/509/1/012058.

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37

Van Tassel, Paul R., Pascal Viot, Gilles Tarjus, Jeremy J. Ramsden, and Julian Talbot. "Enhanced saturation coverages in adsorption–desorption processes." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 3 (January 15, 2000): 1483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480715.

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38

Frith, John, and Anneliese Schauerte. "Coverages Give Free Constructions for Partial Frames." Applied Categorical Structures 25, no. 3 (November 14, 2015): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10485-015-9417-8.

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39

Yamashita, Junko, and Norio Nunomura. "Effect of Chlorine Atoms for Development of Aluminum Corrosion." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2170.

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Computational density functional theory (DFT) model of the adsorption of chlorine atoms onto the perfect Al (111) surface has been performed. The structural and electronic properties of chlorine atoms adsorbed on the surface are investigated within a supercell approach for chlorine coverages of 0.25, 0.33, 0.5 and 1 ML respectively. It is found that the adsorbates prefer on-top sites over bridge, hcp and fcc sites in low coverage while fcc sites in high coverage, and the binding energy decrease with increase of coverage due to the interactions of chlorine atoms. The discussion of geometrical and electronic analysis by plotting differential charge density distribution and projected density of states (PDOS) are presented.

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40

KAUKASOINA, P., M. LINDROOS, G. S. LEATHERMAN, and R. D. DIEHL. "ADSORPTION SITE CHANGE FOR Cs, Rb OR K ADSORPTION ON Ag(111)." Surface Review and Letters 04, no. 06 (December 1997): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x97001565.

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The adsorption geometries for the primitive (3×3), (2×2) and ([Formula: see text] structures of K, Rb and Cs on Ag(111) have been determined using low-energy electron diffraction. In the lower-coverage (3×3) and (2×2) structures, the adatoms occupy fcc hollow sites, while in the [Formula: see text]; structure they occupy the hcp hollow sites. The fcc hollow structures are accompanied by significant substrate rumpling. There is no significant coverage-dependent or site-dependent change in chemisorption bond length. However, there is a large coverage-dependent anisotropy of vibrational amplitude of the adatoms, with the parallel component as much as five times larger than the perpendicular component at low coverages.

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41

Youn, Young-Sang. "The Effect of Deposition Time on the Surface Coverage of Sublimation Deposited Solid-Phase Glycine and Proline Molecules Measured by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy." Molecules 25, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132962.

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The effect of deposition time on the surface coverage of sublimation deposited solid-phase glycine and proline molecules onto a Ge(100) surface was studied at room temperature using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images obtained at various coverages of glycine and proline adsorbed on the Ge(100) surface showed that (i) the adsorption rate for both molecules gradually decreased with increasing deposition time, obeying the Langmuir adsorption model, and (ii) the coverage of glycine on the Ge(100) surface is higher than that of proline under the same deposition conditions, which may be due to the differences in their molecular weight or molecular sticking probability.

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42

OZAWA, K., T. SATO, M. KATO, and K. EDAMOTO. "GROWTH MODE AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SILVER ON ${\rm ZnO}(10\overline{1}0)$." Surface Review and Letters 13, no. 02n03 (April 2006): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x06008116.

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The growth mode and electronic structure of the vapor-deposited Ag overlayer on the [Formula: see text] surface is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy utilizing synchrotron radiation. The coverage dependent measurements of the two-dimensional band structure by the Ag 4d states reveal that the bands with a dispersing feature are developed from the low coverage region, suggesting that the Ag adatoms aggregate to form clusters with a laterally ordered structure. The Ag clusters grow in size with increasing the Ag coverage whereas the ordered atomic structure of the Ag cluster is preserved. From the analysis of the Ag 5sp band, the Ag clusters have a nonmetallic electronic structure at low coverages, and the metallic nature is developed as the size of the clusters becomes enlarged.

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43

Krämer, M., J. Beuermann, C. Schiller, F. Grimm, F. Arnold, T. Peter, S. Meilinger, et al. "Nitric acid partitioning in cirrus clouds: a synopsis based on field, laboratory and model studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2003): 413–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-413-2003.

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Abstract. From a synopsis of field, laboratory and model studies at T>205 K as well as from the field experiments POLSTAR at T<205 K we derive a general picture of the partitioning of nitric acid (HNO3) in cirrus clouds and a new hypothesis on the uptake of HNO3 on ice particles: A substantial part of nitric acid remains in the gas phase under cirrus cloud conditions. The HNO3 removed from the gas phase is distributed between interstitial aerosol and ice particles in dependence on the temperature and ice surface, respectively. In cold cirrus clouds with small ice surface areas (T <205 K) the partitioning is strongly in favour of interstitial ternary solution particles while in warmer cirrus clouds with large ice surface areas the uptake on ice dominates. Consequently, denitrification via sedimenting ice particles may occur only in the -more frequently occurring- warm cirrus clouds The HNO3 coverage on ice is found to be different for ice particles and ice films. On ice films the coverage can increase with decreasing temperature from about 0.1 to 0.8 monolayer, while that on ice particles is found to decrease with temperature and PHNO3 from 0.1 to 0.001 monolayer. An HNO3 uptake behaviour following dissociative Langmuir isotherms where the coverage decreases for descending temperatures may explain the observations for ice particles From a comparison of the HNO3 measurements with model calculations it is found that (i) the global model of Lawrence and Crutzen (1998) overestimates the HNO3 partitioning in favour of the ice particles (ii) the Langmuir surface chemistry model of Tabazadeh et al. (1999) overestimates HNO3 coverages for temperatures ≤210 K More appropriate coverages are calculated when implementing in that model a temperature dependent function for the adsorption free energy (ΔGads (T)), which is empirically derived from the coverage measurements.

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44

Abdukhalim Takhirovich, Mirzaakhmedov. "Technology Of Elimination Of Injuries And Deformations In Tam Coverages, Floor Replacement." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue05-34.

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The article presents the main reasons for the replacement of structural elements of buildings, their operation in different conditions and materials to increase the long-term durability of construction materials.

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45

Tiwari, Amit Kumar, Jonathan P. Goss, Patrick R. Briddon, Nicolas G. Wright, and Alton B. Horsfall. "Density Functional Simulations of Transition Metal Terminated (001)-Diamond Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.1311.

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The chemical termination of diamond strongly impacts its electron affinity and thermal stability. We have performed density functional calculations examining up to a monolayer of selected transition metals (Ti, V, Ni and Cu) on the 2×1 reconstructed (001) surface. We find that addition of the carbide forming species, Ti and V, results in significantly higher binding adsorption energies at all surface coverages relative to those of the non-carbide-forming species. For monolayer coverage by Cu or Ni, and sub-monolayer coverage by Ti and V, we observe a negative electron affinity. We propose that based upon the electron affinities and binding energies, metal coated 2×1 reconstructed (001) diamond surfaces are promising candidates for electron emitters.

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46

STUCK, A., R. FASEL, J. OSTERWALDER, and L. SCHLAPBACH. "EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF Au ON Pt(011) STUDIED WITH X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 02n03 (August 1994): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000230.

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Au films 0.24 to 5.9 monolayers thick were evaporated on Pt(011), and the growth mode was investigated with X-ray photoelectron diffraction. At 0.5 monolayer coverage most Au atoms are found in the second layer below the surface while a few atoms diffuse as far as four layers deep even though Au is not miscible with Pt in the bulk at low concentrations. With increasing coverage the missing rows of the Pt(011) (2×1) reconstruction are gradually filled by replaced Pt atoms and further Au atoms, but the top layer relaxation is not changed significantly. At high coverages Au grows epitaxially as Au(011) on the Pt(011) surface and exhibits a poorly developed missing-row reconstruction.

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47

H. S., Siddalingaiah, Aditi Chaudhuri, and Chandrakala D. "Measles occurrence, vaccination coverages and malnutrition in India: correlations, trends, and projections by time series analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175532.

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Background: Measles is a highly infectious viral disease responsible for a considerable morbidity and mortality in childhood. India has committed to achieve measles elimination by 2020. Currently, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have placed a lot of emphasis on measles elimination. Methods: Data on reported measles cases, immunization coverages and malnutrition status of children specific to India for a period from 1980 to 2017 were collected from WHO, UNICEF and related official online web sources. Also, various official measles elimination strategy documents, available literature and experiences from various countries were reviewed. The data were analysed for correlations, trends. Time series model projections were made till 2020 using two different software tools. Results: The occurrence of measles cases showed a significant downward trend especially since 2000, but continues to exhibit mild cyclical trend of 3-4 years with strong seasonality. Measles vaccine coverages are steadily and significantly increasing more so since 2014. Reduction in measles cases is strongly and significantly correlated with the vaccination coverages; moderate correlation with wasting and mild correlation with stunting was observed. Current progress in India to achieve elimination appears to be well on track with remarkable strides made in strengthening case based surveillance, immunization with 2 doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) and establishment of high quality laboratory network. MCV1 and MCV 2 coverage forecasts look promising to reach about 95% by 2020 at current rates. Also, the projections of measles case occurrence indicate the reduction in incidence to about 20 per million, which may even be augmented further with concurrent enhancements in nutritional status and socio-economic growth. Conclusions: India is well on track to achieve measles elimination goal as per the commitment made in 2014, using the established strategies.

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48

Yan, Sun. "Effect of Coverage on Adsorptions of CO on Ni(110) Surface." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531847.

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The adsorptions of CO on Ni(110) surface at different coverages have been investigated by first-principle calculations. The results show that CO will be bonded at short bridge site preferentially. And CO preferentially absorbs upright at short bridge sites and top sites at 1/6 monolayer coverage. With increasing coverage to 0.5 ML, the enhanced steric repulsion leads to the slope of CO. For 1/6 and 1/2 monolayer coverage, CO is mainly bonded at short bridge site and atop site simultaneously at a certain ratio. When CO coverage is 1 monolayer, CO absorbs at short bridge site and forms p2mg configuration. As the coverage of CO is increased to finally form the p2mg structure, there is a continuous frequency shift up to the value 1962.27 cm-1. The vibration frequencies we calculated are consistent with relative experimental results. DOS of CO molecules and Ni atoms are discussed too.

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49

ZHOU, Y. G., X. T. ZU, J. L. NIE, and H. Y. XIAO. "ADSORPTION OF Li ON Mo(110) SURFACE: A FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 04 (August 2009): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09013086.

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Periodic, self-consistent, density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate Li adsorption on Mo (110) surface. It turns out that the long-bridge site is the most stable site and the Li – Mo surface alloy forms easily at high coverage with the substitution of Mo by Li atoms in the outermost layer. Work function analysis showed that the work function decreases dramatically as the coverage from 0 to 0.5 ML, and finally increases again at the coverage of 1 ML, which agrees well with the experimental finding of Kroger et al. (Surf. Sci.449 (2000) 227–235). Vibrational properties, diffusion barrier of Li along the Mo (110) surface, and the energy of formation of the surface have also been investigated for Li adsorption at various coverages.

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50

Awodey, S., N. Gambino, P. L. Lumsdaine, and M. A. Warren. "Lawvere–Tierney sheaves in Algebraic Set Theory." Journal of Symbolic Logic 74, no. 3 (September 2009): 861–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1245158088.

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AbstractWe present a solution to the problem of denning a counterpart in Algebraic Set Theory of the construction of internal sheaves in Topos Theory. Our approach is general in that we consider sheaves as determined by Lawvere-Tierney coverages, rather than by Grothendieck coverages, and assume only a weakening of the axioms for small maps originally introduced by Joyal and Moerdijk, thus subsuming the existing topos-theoretic results.

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