Дисертації з теми "Course à pied – Anthropologie"
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Lancelevé, Simon. "Quêtes de résonance dans un jeu d’endurance radical : la Chartreuse Terminorum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAG015.
The thesis focuses on the runners of the Chartreuse Terminorum. At the beginning of this research, no one had finished this radical race. From 2019 to 2022, we led an ethnographic study to understand and explain the ways of acting of these people, through a socio-anthropological approach. The follow-up of nine runners entailed the emergency of the ‘good life’ theory. The race is seen as a total game, with promises of resonance, perceived as access to this ‘good life’. The results show that these promises respond to quests, linked to dispositions. Everything draws cognitive maps that involve runners in different ways. Four styles emerged (the friendly/the diehard/the performer/the discoverer), inspired by Bartle (1996). If everyone adopts a dominant style, results show adaptations according to situations that generate experiences of resonance. Contrary to previous research, athletes are not limited to fixed categories and patterns. Each trajectory translates series of recompositions, giving its singularity and consistency. Consequently, this thesis highlights paradox and plural commitments
Lecland, Cécile. "Caractérisation de l'amorti en course à pied." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22109.
The presented work aims at qualifying shoe cushioning by taking into account at one the mechanical properties of the sole's materials, the sensation of cushionning as well as the inflammatory reaction of the runners. The first study allowed us to understand the bahaviour of the sole evolves with the environmental temperature. An increase of the outside temperature creates a softening of the sole being translated by an increase of cushionning properties of this one. Through the second study, the characterization of the cushionning sensation was approached. It turns out that the runner has a capacity to discriminate shoe cushioning at a level of 10 N/mm. To include the effect of shoes cushioning on the human body, we studied the evolution of rate inflammatory protein developed by running. The third study shows that traumatic exercise like running generates an increase of inflammatory protein. Then by means of the inflammatory rate development, thresholds of dynamic stiffness are proposed to runners regards their own characteristics (age, weight, gender)
Fuchslocher, jörg. "Optimisation de la flexion plantaire par des chaussures expérimentales : bases théoriques et application à la course à pied." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET007T.
Assadi, Hervé. "Réponses physiologiques au cours d'exercices intermittents en course à pied." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817851.
Chaux, Christelle. "Les facteurs mécaniques influençant le rendement en course à pied." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET001T.
Coste, Olivier. "Approche biomécanique de la course à pied chez des triathlètes de haut niveau." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11035.
Hader, Karim. "Changements de direction en course à pied : réponses musculaire et métabolique." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0018.
In team sports, players frequently accelerate and decelerate to change direction in a wide range of field running intensities. However, little is known on the physiological and perceptual responses to this game-specific movement. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the metabolic, neuromuscular and perceptual effects of CODs during field running at different intensities. Including COD was associated with an energy demand, i) greater during submaximal runs at different absolute and relative (i. E. , %VO2max) intensities , ii) equivalent during high-intensity intermittent runs (HIE) on adjusted distances, iii) lower for COD-sprints with the approach of di Prampero et al. (2005) to assess the metabolic demand. COD-runs during HIE elicited a greater decrease of some lower-limb muscles activity. We developed of a new timing system allowing the continuous measurement of metabolic power and some kinematic variables of the players before, during and after the COD. We found that the ability to maintain a high speed during the COD may be a large determinant of COD speed. The results have shown that COD sprints are very largely less metabolically demanding than linear sprints. This may be related to the very low metabolic demands associated with the deceleration phase during COD sprints that may not be compensated by the increased requirement of the reacceleration phase. When COD are introduced, these results also highlight the dissociation between metabolic demands and muscle activity, which questions the use of metabolic power as a single measure of running load in soccer
Flores, Nicolas. "Influence des propriétés mécaniques des chaussures sur la performance en course à pied d'endurance : analyses à court terme et lors d'une course à pied de durée prolongée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0222.
While physiological benefits of baseline running racing shoes are shown in the scientific literature, the specific and controlled effects of some shoe mechanical features remain not well known. The main purpose of this work was to study the effects of the midsole energy return and the shoe longitudinal bending stiffness on the physiological and biomechanical performance during endurance running. In both short-term and prolonged running duration, the metabolic energetic cost (criteria used to evaluate the endurance running performance) was not significantly altered by the tested mechanical features in average over the group of participants. The main finding was that the shoe mechanical features induced different effects on the metabolic energetic cost depending on the participants. Taking into account the participant-specific responses (in both short-term and during a prolonged running duration) enabled to highlight combinations of biomechanical responses and intrinsic participant characteristics explaining the variations of the metabolic energetic cost as a function of shoe mechanical features. A novel strategy has been highlighted in participants benefiting from the shoe longitudinal bending stiffness resulting in descendant redistribution of the muscular coordination from the hip and knee joints to the ankle joint with the running duration. This work showed the importance of considering a footwear design offer suitable to groups of runners with similar biomechanical responses and/or intrinsic characteristics
Orgaert, Philippe. "Apport du suivi medico-physiologique dans le cadre de l'entrainement du coureur de demi-fond." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M024.
SERRA, JEAN-MICHEL. "Etat actuel de l'approche physiologique : epreuves athletiques de 800 m et 1500 m." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20032.
Divert, Caroline. "Influence du chaussage sur les caractèristiques mécaniques et le coût énergétique de la course à pied." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET011T.
Chapuis, Clarissa. "Course de 24 heures : évolution des paramètres biologiques à l'arrivée et lors de la récupération de la course." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25290.
Ftaiti, Foued. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hyperthermie lors d'une course prolongée." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22081.
Bernard, Olivier. "Réponses cardiovasculaires et performance en course à pied, à intensité sous-maximale, proche de VO2max : influence du volume plasmatique." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET002T.
Vermand, Stéphane. "Gestion des modifications podales et des pressions plantaires en ultra-trail par des semelles orthopédiques équipées de barres rétro-capitales métatarsiennes." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS005/document.
Mountain Ultra Marathon is causing many biomechanical, physiological, neuromuscular, postural and psychological alterations which can lead to certain injuries. However, there are few studies has been focused on the feet. In this context, we conducted three original studies. The first one, performed with 10 runners has shown that the front feet width and the plantar pressure under the forefoot has increased from the mid-distance of a 170km ultra-trail race (UTMB®). The overpressure under the forefoot is due to the forward displacement of the center of pressure which may increase the risk of stress fracture of the metatarsals. These changes that were observed until the end of the competition are probably related to the increase of muscular fatigue of the subjects. In opposition of these changes, we proposed to use moulded orthopaedic insoles that comprising a metatarsal retro-capital bar (MRCB) placed behind the metatarsal heads. The second study carried out in 48 runners has shown that this MRCB element allows to reduce the plantar pressures under the front feet during the standing support by moving backward the center of pressure, and also the hip, the shoulders and the head. The objective of the third study was to evaluate the immediate, short-term (after 4 weeks) and medium-term (after 12 weeks) effect of wearing MRCB insoles on plantar pressure distribution and joint kinematics during running with 10 runners. A similar control group of equal size used during the same period of training moulded insoles without orthopaedic element. This longitudinal study showed that the plantar pressures under the metatarsal heads were reduced immediately with wearing MRCB soles. After 4 weeks, this reduction was accentuated and the ankle's angle of flexion was increased during the stride support. After 12 weeks, the maximum knee extension was increased and most of these changes described aboved were also observed even if the subjects used flat insoles. Any significant changes have been observed in the control group whatever the test period. Regard to these results, we can advise long-distance runners that suffer of pain in the forefoot region to choose slightly larger shoes and to use MRCB orthopaedic insoles to reduce pressure under the forefoot
Freychat, Philippe. "Le pivotement du talon et de l'avant pied durant la course : méthode de mesure et application à la chaussure de sport." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET002T.
Kachouri, Mongi. "Utilisation des tests de terrain dans l'évaluation et le suivi de l'entraînement en course à pied." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S040.
Many studies reported the use of field tests for evaluation of the maximal aerobic speed (VMA) and aerobic endurance, particularly the determination of critical power (corresponding to running speed in our study) as described by Scherrer and Monod and Chassain, and VMA according to Léger-Boucher and the indirect determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) by the use of the Cooper test. Results show that although the aquality between critical intermittent and continue speeds, this latter not allowed the prediction of intermittent capacity work due to hyperbolic relation between time and speed. (. . . )
Iaïche, Rezoug. "Etude comparative, en laboratoire et sur le terrain, de facteurs physiologiques de la performance en course de fond." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S032.
The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and the time to exhaustion at MAS (t-lim at MAS) have been assessed in laboratory and on the field by means of identical protocols at two different periods with long distance runners. With a second group of students in physical education and sports, one serie of tests aiming at the comparaison of VO2 max and MAS in laboratory and on the field has been achieved. (. . . )
PERNES, JACQUES. "Epidemiologie et prevention des pathologies microtraumatiques chez le coureur a pied : a propos d'une enquete retrospective realisee lors des 20 kilometres de rennes (1991)." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M114.
Avogadro, Patrick. "Les facteurs mécaniques des variations du coût énergétique de la course à intensité élevée et en fonction du mode de contraction musculaire." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET008T.
VILLARET, MARC. "Etude de la vitesse maximale aerobie dans une population d'athletes : interet dans la valeur predictive de la performance." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20343.
VIBERT, LAURENT. "Estimation des reserves en fer chez les coureurs de fond et de demi-fond." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6523.
MORELLE, FRANCOISE. "Accidents liees a la pratique de la course a pied de longue distance." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM020.
Locatelli, Elio. "Énergétique générale de la course de sprint court : influence de la morphologie." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T287.
Brandet, Jean-Paul. "Approche physiologique et didactique de l'entraînement intermittent en course à pied : étude de la variation des temps d'exercice et de récupération." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28328.
Fredette, Anny, and Anny Fredette. "La présentation clinique et le profil de course d'un échantillon de militaires présentant des douleurs aux membres inférieurs lors de la course à pied." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38222.
Introduction: L’incidence annuelle des blessures à la course à pied est élevée et l’influence des paramètres d’entrainement sur le développement des blessures demeure incertaine. Objectifs: 1) Décrire la présentation clinique et le profil de course chez des militaires présentant des douleurs aux membres inférieurs (MIs) lors de la course à pied, 2) explorer l’association entre les changements récents des paramètres d’entrainement (volume ou intensité) et le type de diagnostic. Méthodologie: Étude descriptive transversale effectuée auprès de militaires présentant des douleurs aux MIs lors de la course à pied. Les principales mesures de résultats de l’évaluation en physiothérapie incluaient : localisation et diagnostic de blessure, paramètres d'entrainement à la course (volume, durée, fréquence, intensité) et changements récents de ces paramètres avant l’apparition de la blessure. Des analyses statistiques descriptives, des tests de Khi-carré et des analyses de correspondances multiples ont été effectuées. Résultats: Chez les 107 militaires inclus, les blessures étaient principalement localisées au genou (47,6%), à la jambe distale (20,6%) et au pied/orteils (16,8%). Les diagnostics plus fréquents étaient: syndrome fémoropatellaire (26,2%), périostite (11,2%), fasciite plantaire (9,3%). Près de la moitié des participants couraient moins de 15 kilomètres/semaine et la majorité couraient moins de 2 heures/semaine (62,6%). La majorité des particiants ont rapporté des changements récents dans leurs paramètres d’entrainement (75,7%) qui ont précédé l’apparition de la blessure. Aucune association n’a été identifiée entre la présence d’un changement récent du volume de course (c2(4)=2,849; p=, 606), ou de l’intensité (c2(4)=1,381; p=, 855) et le diagnostic. Conclusion: Dans cette étude, les blessures étaient surtout localisées au genou ou à la jambe distale et le diagnostic le plus fréquent était le syndrome fémoropatellaire. La majorité des coureurs ont rapporté des changements récents dans leurs paramètres d’entrainement qui ont précédé l’apparition de la blessure, mais le type de changement récent n'était pas associé au diagnostic.
Background: The yearly incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high and the influence of running parameters on the development of injury is unclear. Objectives: 1) Describe the clinical presentation and running profile among military members who presented lower limb running-related pain, and 2) explore any association between recent changes in running parameters (volume or intensity) and specific RRI diagnoses. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on military members who presented lower limb running-related pain. The main outcome measures collected during a physiotherapy evaluation were: injury location and diagnosis, running parameters (volume, duration, frequency, intensity) including recent changes in training prior to injury onset. Descriptive statistical analyses, chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 107 participants included in the study, most injuries were located at the knee (47.6%), lower leg (20.6%) or foot/toe (16.8%). The most common diagnoses were patellofemoral pain (26.2%), medial tibial stress syndrome (11.2%) and plantar fasciopathy (9.3%). Nearly half of the participants ran less than 15 km per week and most runners ran less than 2 hours/week (70.5%). The majority of participants reported recent changes in their training parameters (75.7%) prior to injury onset. No association was found between recent changes in running volume ((χ2(4) =2.849; p=0.606), or intensity ((χ2(4) =1.381; p=0.855)) and the diagnosis. Conclusion: The most common injuries were located at the knee or lower leg and the most frequent diagnosis was patellofemoral pain. The majority of runners reported previous RRI, as well as recent changes in their running parameters just prior to injury onset, but unique types of recent changes were not associated with specific diagnoses
Background: The yearly incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high and the influence of running parameters on the development of injury is unclear. Objectives: 1) Describe the clinical presentation and running profile among military members who presented lower limb running-related pain, and 2) explore any association between recent changes in running parameters (volume or intensity) and specific RRI diagnoses. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on military members who presented lower limb running-related pain. The main outcome measures collected during a physiotherapy evaluation were: injury location and diagnosis, running parameters (volume, duration, frequency, intensity) including recent changes in training prior to injury onset. Descriptive statistical analyses, chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 107 participants included in the study, most injuries were located at the knee (47.6%), lower leg (20.6%) or foot/toe (16.8%). The most common diagnoses were patellofemoral pain (26.2%), medial tibial stress syndrome (11.2%) and plantar fasciopathy (9.3%). Nearly half of the participants ran less than 15 km per week and most runners ran less than 2 hours/week (70.5%). The majority of participants reported recent changes in their training parameters (75.7%) prior to injury onset. No association was found between recent changes in running volume ((χ2(4) =2.849; p=0.606), or intensity ((χ2(4) =1.381; p=0.855)) and the diagnosis. Conclusion: The most common injuries were located at the knee or lower leg and the most frequent diagnosis was patellofemoral pain. The majority of runners reported previous RRI, as well as recent changes in their running parameters just prior to injury onset, but unique types of recent changes were not associated with specific diagnoses
Haydar, Bachar. "Changement de direction en course à pied : réponses physiologiques et effets sur la performance." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0019.
Baussan, Eglantine. "Etude tribologique et modélisation du contact peau - chaussette : Application à la course à pied." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871091.
Sainton, Patrick. "Ajustements neuro-mécaniques à la variation du poids de corps en course à pied." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0087.
For the last ten years, the rehabilitation field has been using unweighting treadmill devices with lower body positive pressure technology to allow earlier return to running. Surprisingly however, current literature is lacking information about the adjustments of the activation and running patterns to the changes in gravity force. This doctoral thesis aims to characterise, in recreational runners the neuromuscular, kinetic and kinematic adjustments to conditions of partial unweighting and return to full bodyweight during a single session performed at preferred speed. For this purpose, the marketed AlterG® treadmill needed to be transformed into a scientific measuring tool. This allowed the neuromechanical adjustments of the running pattern to be quantified, once stabilised and during the intermediate transitions, in two unweighting conditions (80 and 60% bodyweight) and also after returning to 100% bodyweight. The results demonstrate the adoption of a rebounding running pattern and the transition from a rear to a midfoot striking pattern. On the other hand, the activation pattern shows adjustments which are muscle and stride phase dependent. The transition towards unweighting highlights the linearity between the bodyweight reduction and most of the mechanical adjustments. This is in contrast with and the relative stability of the extensor muscle preactivation. These results give support to the involvement of passive mechanisms, such as swing leg retraction. The present work contributes to the understanding of the capacities of humans to adjust to bodyweight changes
Hue, Olivier. "L'enchaînement cyclisme-course à pied en triathlon. Aspects physiologiques et spécifiques de la transition." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON14002.
Bacalla, Pascal. "Les fractures de fatigue chez les coureurs de fond et de demi-fond." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN11088.
Barthélémy, Marianne. "Le marathon de sables : Etude ethnologique et sociologique d'une épreuve multiple." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22084.
Lab, Frédéric. "Comment "réhabiliter" le demi-fond pour motiver les élèves à courir ?" Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1021.
Despite a strong presence in PE programs, the « school stamina running » generates recurring problems regarding students motivation & personal investment. The objective of this study is to analyze the reasons of such problems & build proposal to solve them. Studying the “Social Practice of reference” (Martinand, 1986) on which is built the didactic approach leads us to fine tune & confirm our hypothesis. We tend to think that the students could invest themselves deeper in the middle-distance running if the teaching approach was closer to the actual practice in use at competition level. We think that an interesting way to propose education contents able to trigger student motivation & allow true progress would be to rehabilitate the middle-distance running through an update of some components of the teaching as competing individually or collectively, relay race, technical aspects, strategy, tactics… To achieve our goal, we propose to compare two different teaching methods for middle-distance running with a 1500 m race preparation as target : - a “classical” approach based on Maximal Aerobic Speed development and regularity as an effort management individual model ; - an « alternative » approach adding organisation highlighting strategic, tactical & technical aspects in the physical exercise. Our experiment was built in 2 steps. In the 1st phase we worked with DEUG STAPS students in specifically adapted conditions (duration, lessons number, specialized teachers). Then in the 2nd phase we worked with on a cycle adapted to actual teaching conditions, in 7 lessons. Quantitative results & conclusions from the 1st experiment have built the ground for the 2nd phase whose objective was to validate the approach in actual conditions. Through this process, after a « local ecologist validation », we crosschecked our approach through an “external validation” (Bouthier & Durey 1994). Some questions remain open, but we have shown that our approach is realistic in the actual scholar environment. It seems that it gives satisfactory results as what concerns the acquisition & investment. Finally it highlights the question regarding a teaching content review for middle-distance running, opening some interesting perspectives to achieve it
Bourdin, Muriel. "Facteurs mécaniques et neuro-musculaires de variation du coût énergétique de la course à pied." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T127.
Koné, Yaya. "Les déterminants de la course à pied en Afrique soudano-sahélienne : de l'utilitarisme à l'olympisme." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083179.
The work focuses on the social factors of running. From representation to track of field. Running depends on many factors like, society, culture, standing of leaving, gender. Why African children are running ? What kind of motivation push people to run? When we talk about Running in Africa, we think about athletics, track and field. Our work shows an other aspect of the practice. The study method base on field survey. This survey base on participant observation, took place in Manding Area, mainly in the city of Bamako and in the land named Kenedougou, area located between three countries : South est of Mali, South west of Burkina Faso, North of Ivory Coast. People who live in this zone are muslim, Bamanan (Manding) and Senufo (Gur). We notice that Running means fears of Malians, is just a practice of children, an adult is not able to run, unless anything unforeseen happens. Many people hate Running. The most of Runners are young football players, it may to watch them at the end of evening running along the roads of Bamako. Women don’t do sport, only few student do athlectics or basket ball. Poverty and gender are major obstacles of sport in Western Africa (More than 70 % of Malian society). In the cities of Bamako and Sikasso, we meet youngs in the ‘grin’. Everybody have is ‘grin’, it’s a association of friends, and it’s the better place to observe Malian society. Inside they talk about their fears, they talk about their hopes and we notice the growing passion for only sport : Football. Effectively, youth of Bamako is looking for a better life, since few years boys wish follow the example of sport hero. Contrary to Ethiopians of Arsi area and Kenyans of Kalenji society, Athletics (track and field) don't attract west African
Vie, Bruno. "Le contrôle sensorimoteur du pied lors de la course et de la contraction statique fatiguante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5059/document.
The sensorimotor control of foot placement and motion plays a key role in the adaptive response of human being to his environment. The participation of both sensory and motor components is needed to control the foot placement during gait and posture and mechanoreceptors in the foot sole give major information on the body position. First, we established a protocol to quantify the sensation of foot sole pressure stimulation, which allowed us to examine the effects of metatarsal pads, and heel lifts in healthy subjects. We observed that 30-days of occupational activities with metatarsal pads elicited significant changes in sensation, lowering the threshold for the detection of the lowest pressure loads and, depending on the pattern of foot placement during upright standing and walking, modifying the global gain for the foot sensation. Second, we examined the consequences of fatiguing static contraction of foot invertor muscles (tibialis anterior or TA) and of maximal running exercise on a treadmill on post-test changes in foot placement using a baropodometer, maximal force production by TA. Power spectrum analyses of electromyographic (EMG) events were performed during both static and dynamic efforts and we also explored the myotatic reflexes through the recording of the tonic vibratory response (TVR) in foot muscles. Our results showed significant changes in post-test foot placement in the direction of foot eversion in both situations, significant decrease in maximal inversion force, a leftward shift of EMG spectrum in the sole TA muscle, indicating EMG signs of fatigue, and 4) significant reduction of TVR amplitude in the sole TA muscle after sustained static effort
Le, Bris Régis. "Etude biomécanique de la course à pied par une méthode accélérométrique : comparaisons méthodologiques et applications." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20008.
The aim of this work was to study running biomechanics under field condition using an ambulatory measurement method based on a triaxial accelerometer. In the first part, we reviewed the knowledge and the different measuring methods relating to the biomechanical analysis of running. In the second part (studies 1 & 2), we studied the validity of the accelerometer for the analysis of running at constant mean velocity. In the third part, we used the accelerometer to study running under field conditions. The purpose of the study 3 was to predict with a good accuracy the energy expenditure as it has been described in literature. The oxygen consumption was estimated from a multiple linear model including anterior-posterior impulse, craniocaudal activity and the height. In the study 4, the purpose was to analyse during a constant track running test to exhaustion, the continuous changes in stride patterns of athletes running at maximal aerobic speed, i. E. The lowest speed that elicits maximal oxygen consumption in an incremental test. We observed some variations that could be considered as early alterations of running pattern when the athletes got fatigued
Fourchet, François. "La prévention des blessures du pied et de la cheville chez les jeunes athlètes." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS009/document.
The aim of this work was to examine the foot-ankle injury prevention in adolescent athletes through three approaches: the running-related foot-ankle injury risk factors, the epidemiology of foot-ankle injuries and the implementation of prevention strategies. The approach dealing with the running-related foot-ankle injury risk factors aimed to determine (i) how running-induced fatigue may affect the force and the fatigability of the ankle plantar and dorsal flexor muscles, the foot plantar pressure distribution, the running mechanics and the medial arch stiffness, (ii) how the shoe wear (spikes or running shoes) may affect the plantar load distribution while sprinting and (iii) how running velocity may alter the plantar load distribution. The approach related to epidemiology of foot-ankle injuries aimed at collecting and analysing, over three seasons, the foot-ankle injuries sustained by highly-trained adolescent athletes and their potential relations with the maturity status of these athletes. The approach presenting some prevention strategies implementations aimed firstly to design and validate a convenient and reliable flexibility measurement method. The second purpose of this approach was to assess on the field the effects of a neuromuscular electromyostimulation strengthening protocol on the foot medial arch stiffness and the effects of a combined foot-ankle strengthening training on the foot plantar pressure distribution and the performance while sprinting
Lebreton, Nathalie. "Bilans medico-sportifs chez onze sujets avant et au retour de la course pedestre paris-gao-dakar." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT016M.
Genest-La, Haye Michel. "Étude à double insu sur les effets de l'absorption du citrate de sodium sur la performance d'une course de 400 m plat chez des athlètes de haut niveau." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
LE, POULAIN DOUBLIEZ MARGUERITE, and POULAIN BENOIT LE. "Course a pied de 100 kilometres : effets de l'exercice prolonge sur les constituants sanguins et urinaires." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM091.
Divert, Caroline. "Influence du chaussage sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et le coût énergétique de la course à pied." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Boisnoir, Alexandre. "Le départ d'une course de vitesse : la gestion d'une double contrainte." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL559.
The sprint start is an important technical component in the achievement of the 100 metres performance. Its realization, from a quadripedal position, supposes to be able to manage a double constraint : straitghten-up and go forward. Aims of those studies were, in the one hand, to analyse this management in a high expertise level sprinters (study 1) and, in the other hand, to distinguish inherent characterize in this sprint start for different expertise level, from those acquired with specific training in this sport task (study 2). We analyse the external and internal forces with the evolution of the centre of masse and the upper body in real conditions of practice. Analyse of the high level subjects allows to understand the organisation of the management of the double constraint in the first three steps, in three-dimensional space. The comparative analyse of the two different expertise levels allows to point up some movement invariants of the sprint start and parameters which are induce by the performance. The findings suggest that the performance of the sprint start is an optimal management of the body straighten-up parameters and the rotations in the transversal plan
Molinari, Claire. "Influence des variables de contrôle sur l’émergence des paradigmes physiologiques de la performance en course à pied." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE020.
The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of the effects of control variables on performance, such as time, speed, perception of effort (article 1), distance (article 2) as well as V̇O2 and heart rate (article 3). We were able to do this work using the new possibilities offered by the new technologies that free the physiologist from the treadmill while having the possibility of controlling all physiological variables via Bluetooth®. We found that: 1) athletes were able to adapt and reproduce physiological responses not only in intensity but also in duration (article 1), 2) when the control variable is distance with a competitive situation, the contribution of energy at V̇O2max was relatively identical in proportion to aerobic energy from 100 to 10,000m (article 2). There would therefore be an energy continuum from sprint to 10 kilometres that could be information integrated into the body in a central (middle and bottom) or metabolic (sprint) way. 3) Finally, we have shown that even in a fairly long (12 minutes) and maximum effort, the runner benefits from a "physiological" control aid by heart rate or V̇O2 to achieve his best performance. In conclusion, this thesis work proposes a methodology in which the runner becomes autonomous in the choice of his speed strategy by freeing himself from target speed calculations based on physiological thresholds, V̇O2max and other physiological factors made limiting
Mazure, Cyrille. "Analyse des paramètres métaboliques, neuromusculaires et cinématiques lors d'enchaînements impliquant le cyclisme et la course à pied." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0002.
The objective of the present work is to analyse the metabolic, kinematics and neuromuscular adaptations during the running part of a cycle-to-run transition in triathlon and duathlon. Within this framework, three studies are undertaken. The first study compares the two running parts of a sprint duathlon realised at a free pace in a time trial condition. The main result is that the running cost is not different before and after cycling. The main hypotheses that could explain this result are the short duration of the cycling part and the subjects'high evel. The second study analyse the influence of the cycling pace on the subsequent 5 km running performance. The 20 km cycling part is conducted either at free pace, either at a constant power output, or with variation in the power output. The results show that the more the cycling is sustained at a constant pace the better is the running performance. Because there is no difference in the cardio-respiratory parameters, it is advanced that repeated high-work jumps during cycling cause muscular fatigue. The third study is undertaken with high level subjects to analyse the kinematics and electromyographics changes during three exercises: a 45 min run effort at VT1 + 5 %, a duathlon and a cycle-to-run transition at the same duration and intensity. The results analysis shows that muscular fatigue is more important during the 45 min running exercise and that there is no kinematics changes during the two others conditions. These results underline the influence of the cycling strategy, intensity and duration on the subsequent running performance. Further studies including a swimming bout will be necessary to expand these conclusions to a whole triathlon
Chambon, Nicolas. "Influence de la chaussure sur le patron biomécanique de course à pied : adaptations court terme aux caractéristiques géométriques de la semelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4005.
This thesis work study the specific features of the minimalist shoe sole on running pattern. The first part of this work tried to determine ideal experimental conditions and preconize utilisation of overgound running rather than treadmill running. An adaptation duration of 5 to 7 minutes is also required to the running pattern stabilisation when running in minimalist shoes. Opposite to the sole thickness, increasing the drop affect de foot strike pattern increasing dorsiflexion and decreasing ground reaction force at impact. Running in minimalist shoe would not be advantageous concerning injury risk. Future studies should focus on the long-term evolution of the running pattern when using minimalist shoes
Blondel, Nicolas. "Modélisation de la relation temps limite de course versus intensité relative de l'exercice : applications à l'entraînement." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT15.
Time versus velocity relationship for running exercises : applications to training. Calculation of the relationships between time limit (tlim) and velocity (tlim=f(V)) allows the determination of the critical velocity (Cv) and anaerobic distance capacity (ADC). The aims of this thesis were 1) to explain the variability of time limit when exercise intensity is expressed as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 2) to analyse the influence of the equation used to fit the tlim=f(V) relationship on the Cv and ADC parameters, 3) to determine the effects of a high intensity training program on the Cv and ADC parameters, with regard to changes in ventilatory threshold (Vtresh) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit. The first study demonstrated that exercise intensity individualized according to Cv and maximal velocity allowed to reduce the interindividual tlim variability. The second study confirms the influence of the mathematical model on the Cv and ADC parameters determination. The Cv calculated with the 3 component hyperbolic model was not significantly different from Vtresh. In the last study, the training program allowed a significant improvement of Cv and ADC. However, the magnitude of the improvement depends on the mathematical model used. Significant relationships were found between changes in Cv (linear model) and changes in VO2max. In an in-the-field perspective, the linear model seems to be the most interesting for coaches or physical education teachers
Provot, Thomas. "Apport de l’accélérométrie pour l’étude quantifiée des dérives mécaniques de la course à pied face à la fatigue." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS032/document.
Fatigue is a well known phenomenon in the sports world causing a decrease of performance and an increase of injury risk. The scientific community is therefore concerned with the quantification of this phenomenon using different motion analysis tools. However some sports like running inflict violent mechanical loads to the athletes strongly impacting their health and performance. These loads frequently result in significant shocks, a high number of cycles and are accompanied by complex postures of the body. The motion analysis tools are then not always suitable for the measurement of this information or to study the athlete’s movement in real conditions of practice. The acceleration then appears as a feature rich in information.It can allow to measure and analyze the practice of running in order to quantify the drift of the mechanical response of the human body. By validating accelerometric tools, these thesis works will allow to study the mechanical phenomena intervening in the practice of running in order to quantify and predict their effects on the athlete’s fatigue
Hausswirth, Christophe. "Etude des alterations du cout energetique de la course a pied au cours du triathlon et du marathon." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112429.
Boussana, Alain Marc. "Enchaînement cyclisme-course à pied et triathlon : effets sur la performance des muscles respiratoires et la fonction pulmonaire." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON14002.