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Статті в журналах з теми "Cours d'eau – Tibet (Chine)":
Cartier, Michel. "Une Nouvelle historiographie chinoise. La formation D'un marché national vue par Wu Chengming (Note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 6 (December 1986): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1986.283349.
Pan, Yihong. "Locating Advantages." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 268–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0002.
Huber, Claire, Fengshan Li, Xijun Lai, Sadri Haouet, Arnaud Durand, Suzanne Butler, James Burnham, et al. "Using Pléiades HR data to understand and monitor a dynamic socio-ecological system: China's Poyang lake." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (January 29, 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.206.
Дисертації з теми "Cours d'eau – Tibet (Chine)":
Perrineau, Aude. "Evolution morphologique et tectonique récente des marges NE et SE du plateau tibétain : lien avec la dynamique des grands fleuves." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GLOB0007.
Ruan, Xiaobai. "Géochimie des rivières du bassin de Chayu (Sud-est du Tibet) et altération du batholithe du Trans-Himalaya." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0053.
This thesis aims to understand better why and how the climate cooling, CO₂ drawdown and the marine Sr isotopic ratio increase all happened during Eocene/Oligocene. I checked the possibility of Trans-Himalaya weathering as the candidate for explaining the early change in marine ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and atmospheric CO₂ during Eocene/Oligocene, by studying the modern chemical weathering of the Trans-Himalaya batholith under monsoon climate. We choose the Chayu River Catchment locating in the SE Tibet as the study area for three reasons: 1) this catchment is mostly covered by the granitoid rocks of the Trans-Himalaya batholith, 2) it is now under the monsoon climate and 3) it is experiencing intense tectonic activity. Besides, the alpine part of the catchment is under periglacial environment, and there is a lack of knowledge about alpine periglacial weathering especially in active mountain ranges. Combining the above, we set two objects of the thesis: first, to study the periglacial weathering process in active alpine mountain of the Chayu Catchment, and second to study the weathering budget and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the catchment, in order to figure out the atmospheric CO₂ sinks and sources, the climatic dependency of chemical weathering rates and the Sr systematics of the Chayu Catchment. Samplings for the main river, tributaries and seepages of mass wasting deposits were conducted at the end of monsoon season in 2019. To study the alpine periglacial weathering processes, we compared the seepages from mass wasting deposits generated by freeze-thaw processes under periglacial environment and landslide under monsoon climate, and the nearby streams of these two climatic conditions. The landslide seepages under monsoon climate are more concentrated than nearby streams, and the seepages under periglacial environment are as concentrated as the landslide seepages but exhibit negligible differences than nearby streams. Our analyses on elemental ratios indicate that the freeze-thaw process provide an exposure mechanism similar to landslide to facilitate the weathering of reactive mineral phases of calcite, biotite and sulphide. The similarity between periglacial seepages and streams may indicate the widespread periglacial mass wasting deposits has a decisive influence on the river chemistry in alpine periglacial areas. To discuss the weathering budgets of the Chayu River Catchment, we first identified and corrected the river composition for the influences of secondary calcite precipitation (SCP). It is found that the weathering budget is dominated by carbonate weathering even though the lithology is mostly granitoid, and the degree of SCP is higher in the periglacial North Chayu than in the South Chayu, and is closely related to the carbonate weathering contribution. The δ¹³CDIC and sulphate proportion together tell that the chemical weathering of the Chayu catchment is mostly driven by carbonic acid, although sulphuric acid weathering is widespread. Combining the budgets of substrates and acids, the chemical weathering of the modern Chayu River Catchment is a CO₂ source rather than a CO₂ sink. After estimating the relative discharge of each tributary by δ¹⁸O of the river water, the carbonate and silicate weathering rates in each tributary basin are calculated. The carbonate weathering rates are basically irrelevant to climatic factors while the silicate weathering rates are positive correlated with basin MAT and runoff. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the main river is around 0.735, suggesting the impact from radiogenic carbonate. Combining the results, the silicate weathering of Trans-Himalaya might be more important than today during Eocene/Oligocene with warmer and wetter climate, and it is also possible that the weathering at that time was thus reversed to a CO₂ sink. The radiogenic Sr signals of the Chayu River suggest the weathering of Trans-Himalaya was capable of rising the marine ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr before Himalayan exhumation
Giroir, Guillaume. "Le Shandong, étude géographique d'une province chinoise." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040365.
This thesis is concerned with the disparities in development within and between the regions of China through the specific case of the Shandong,a non rice-growing province situated along the Northern Coast of China. .
He, Yongfeng. "Structure of endemic fish assemblages in the upper Yangtze river basin and population differentiation of an endangered endemic fish (Gobiocypris rarus)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/913/.
The Yangtze River, also called Changjiang, supports rich biodiversity, especially diverse fish fauna, i. E. , about 400 fish species and subspecies. As an eco-functional barrier of the Yangtze River, the upper Yangtze River exhibits complicated natural environment, pronounced habitat heterogeneity, well-developed drainage system, abundant water resources and rich biodiversity. There were 286 fish species and subspecies distributing in the upper Yangtze River, among which 124 species were endemic. However, these fish resources are experiencing large threats: overexploitation, water pollution, hydropower projects, invasion by exotic species, and global environmental changes. It is imperative to evaluate the influences of the changes in environmental features on the fish resources and to accelerate the progress of conservation projects. Therefore, two parts of content have been studied in this thesis for the conservation of endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River. Firstly, for the purpose of providing insight into mechanisms structuring fish assemblages and enhancing knowledge on ecological processes in the upper Yangtze River, spatial pattern of endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River basin and their relationship with environmental features have been studied in P1 and P2 of this thesis. We identified five endemic fish assemblages in the upper Yangtze River basin. Not only species composition but also endemic species richness varied significantly among these five assemblages. They not only reflect the longitudinal gradient pattern but also are closely correlated with the topography and geomorphology of the Yangtze River. Each endemic fish assemblage has its specific indicator species. The endemic fish distribution patterns are significantly correlated with environmental factors such as land-cover features and river characteristics. The mixed models containing both land-cover features and river characteristics are more effective than any individual one in explaining complex endemic fish distribution patterns in the upper Yangtze River basin. Finally, we suggested that three key points for the conservation of endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River basin should be paid more attention: selection of several protected sites aiming at various species; maintenance of at least one flowing reach in each river; developing the conservation of tributaries. Secondly, in order to obtain enough background of an endangered endemic fish (Gobiocypris rarus) and provide guidelines for other species conservation in the upper Yangtze River basin, the author used this Chinese rare minnow (G. Rarus) as an example to do the studies of conservation biology using microsatellite markers and morphological traits in P3, P4 and P5 of this thesis. .
Lacroze, Luc. "Le Mékong du Yunnan à la mer de Chine : contribution à l'étude de l'aménagement d'un fleuve tropical." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040004.
The thesis intends to study the development of rivers that, since the middle of the 19th century, have been the subject of studies, projects, or implementations in the part of the Mekong basin located between the southern frontier of Yunnan and the China sea. The climate of the region is governed by monsoons, which means each year an alternation of drought and flooding, sometimes devastating. Besides, the Mekong and its tributaries, with their numerous waterfalls and rapids, are not good communication routes. Until the middle of the 20th century especially South Vietnam benefited from helps for rice-growing thanks to the creation and maintenance of a thick network of waterways. These implementations have enabled irrigation, drainage, washing of lands containing alum, fight against saline water intrusion. However the Mekong is still a poor communication route, for channel-marking and rockblasting works have only been carried out on some reaches. Since the middle of the 20th century the riparian countries have tried, after having created a "Mekong committee" under the aegis of the UNO, to expand their economy, essentially by the development of rivers. Their projects (implementations of big hydroelectric dams, reservoirs to drown rapids and falls) have only been followed by very modest implementations. Insecurity is partly responsible for that, but also the very ambition
Merchez, Luc. "Impacts du barrage des Trois Gorges : un modèle de relocalisation des populations rurales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10014.
Wang, Chao. "Modélisation et prédiction des assemblages de phytoplancton à l’aval de la rivière des Perles, en Chine." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2666/.
Freshwater ecosystems throughout the world are experiencing increasing pressures from both climate changes and anthropogenic activities. Rivers, the typical lotic freshwater ecosystems, are regarded as important pathways for the flow of energy, matter, and organisms through the landscape. Phytoplankton constitutes the base level of the aquatic food web, and it has quick response to environmental factors that regulate biological activity and water quality. Studies on phytoplankton have been extensive in lentic fresh-waters such as lakes and reservoirs, but still less in lotic ecosystems. The Pearl River is the largest lowland river of South China, but relevant studies were interrupted during the last three decades. Consequently in the present study, we contribute to highlight the patterns of the phytoplankton assemblages of this large river, with the approach of several ecological modeling. Firstly, we summarize the scientific trends in phytoplankton studies between 1991 and 2013 based on bibliometric analysis. Although the annual publication output of phytoplankton demonstrated a rapid linear increasing tendency during the last two decades, its contribution to total scientific articles always kept below 10%. Under the background of fast scientific research development, dependent publications (in terms of multi-aquatic ecosystems and international collaborations) indicate linear increasing trend. The variations of keywords associated with research regions are mostly impacted by the geographic adjacent countries, which are generally the top contributors. Variation trends of all the keywords relating to research methods, research contents and environmental factors indicate that phytoplankton studies carried out in large scale and long term are in significant ascending trend, while traditional and local scale studies are in descending trend. Secondly, temporal patterns of phytoplankton assemblages were analyzed within the downstream region of the Pearl River (China), through time-series sampling during the whole of 2009. The excessive nutrient conditions resulted in a diatom dominant phytoplankton community. While green algae only contributed more in species diversity. Phytoplankton samples were classified into four clusters using a self-organizing map (SOM) based on species similarities. These clusters were clearly different, with respect to species richness, biomass and indicators. Moreover, the LDA predicting model indicated that these clusters could easily be differentiated by physical factors such as water temperature, discharge and precipitation. As for nutrients, only phosphate could have an occasional impact on phytoplankton assemblages. The global score for predicting the assemblages was 64. 2%. Thirdly, spatial patterns of phytoplankton were analyzed within the Pearl River delta system (China), through seasonal sampling during 2012. The excessive nutrient conditions and well water exchanges resulted in a phytoplankton community that Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae dominated in diversity and Bacillariophyceae dominated in biomass. Phytoplankton samples were revealed by the ordination method using a NMDS and five groups were determined by using hclust. These groups were clearly different, with respect to species richness, biomass and indicators, but differences between the patterning groups were only significant in spatial dimension. The LDA predicting model indicated that the spatial patterns of phytoplankton community assemblages could easily be differentiated by variables (TP, Si, DO and transparency) associated with water quality. The global score for predicting the assemblages was 75%. Lastly, the morphological variability of the predominant diatom species, Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, was observed within the downstream region of the Pearl River (China). High coherence between morphological parameters, especially cell size, was confirmed. Moreover, phase angles in wavelet figures also illustrated that cell diameter was the most sensitive parameter to environmental variations and through this way cell and filament size variations could be related. Water temperature impacted algal occurrence rates and size values during the spring-winter period. Algal life cycle could be affected by discharge, as well as filament length by allowing for selection of chains with optimum buoyancy. The responses of algae sizes to nutrients, especially silicate, total nitrogen and phosphate, were associated with the start and end of a life cycle. These correlations between size and nutrients were supported by both wavelet analysis and RDA. Moreover, the extremely high values at the end of the year were explained as algal recruitment from benthos. Our present study have introduced the worldwide scientific trends in phytoplankton studies using bibliometric analysis, demonstrated the temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton assemblages in response to environments within the downstream region of a large subtropical river in China. Our results will benefit the understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in freshwater ecosystems, as well as the large rivers all over the world
Zhu, Bin. "Impact des barrages sur la génétique des populations d'esturgeon chinois (Acipenser sinensis) : contribution du repeuplement des juvéniles à la diversité des populations naturelles." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30069.
Cheng, Lin. "Variations of fish composition and diversity related to environmental variables and construction of predictive models in lakes in the Yangtze river basin." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1590/.
Our aim in the present study was to analyze factors explaining fish community patterns of fish assemblages in lakes in the Yangtze River basin, based on environmental variations. Moreover, considering anthropogenic pressures on those lakes, we detected the effects of river-lake connections and aquaculture on fish community in those lakes. Firstly, we focused on the relationship between environment and fish community in shallow lakes in P1 and P2. Six lakes were chosen for comparative study of species composition and diversity in relation to environmental variations. Lake heterogeneity was described with environmental physico-chemical variables, using principal component analysis. Sixteen families, composed of 75 species of fishes were found in the studied lakes, Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in vegetated lakes (e. G. The Liangzihu Lake) than that in non-vegetated lakes (e. G. Biandantang Lake), and seasonal changes of fish community were more obviously in vegetated habitats than that in unvegetated areas. According to each species' CPUE in each sampling site from 6 lakes spatially distributed in the mid-reach of the Yangtze River basin, fish communities were classified into three clusters of species assemblages. Fish community assemblages, the total fish CPUE, diversity and species richness in those lakes were then predicted by 15 biotic and abiotic factors using random forest (RF) and classification and regression tree (CART) predictive models. The dominant variables for discriminating three fish assemblages were water depth, distance to the bank and total phosphorus. While the two important variables in prediction fish CPUE, diversity and species richness were lake surface area and water depth, density of rotifer and water depth, water depth and water temperature, respectively. Secondly, 70 lakes were chosen to study factors structuring fish patterns and species richness in lakes in the Yangtze River basins in P3. Those lakes were classified into three clusters according to their fish species compositions using self-organizing map. It was mainly determined by altitude, longitude, annual precipitation and lake area to classify the three clusters. The environment of lakes between cluster 2 and 3 are more similar than that in cluster 1. Lakes of cluster 1 spatially distributed in the upper reach of the Yangtze River basin with high altitude, the most contribution environmental factors were water depth, air temperature and day length for lakes of this cluster. Lakes of cluster 2 & 3 were mainly distributed in middle and lower reach of the Yangtze River basin, the significant difference between the two cluster lakes was lake area, which was significant higher in lakes of cluster 3. The most contribution environmental factor was air temperature for cluster 2 and water depth for cluster 3. The species richness for each lake ranged from 1 to 117, which was significantly different among the three clusters and between each two of them. The highest value of species richness was appeared in cluster 3, while, the highest value of beta diversity were detected in cluster 1 with the lowest value of species richness. The most important role in predicting the species richness was air temperature. Finally, we used temporal data (ranging from 1970 to 2010) from a set of lakes (n = 8) to quantify the abiotic and biotic consequences (i. E. Taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities) of river-lake connections and aquaculture in P4. There were significant abiotic changes that mainly occurred after the 1990s. In the case of fish diversity, we detected a trend (although not significant) towards a decrease in species richness over the period studied. Interestingly, we found that the taxonomic similarity (i. E. Beta-diversity) among fish communities increased significantly over the years, indicating a strong homogenization of the fauna across the lakes. Additionally, we found that fish functional diversity has decreased in most lakes since the 1970s. Particularly, most migratory fish species, particularly those with long life-span and large body size, disappeared from the lakes, hence contributing substantially to the observed decrease in functional diversity
Lin, Chuan Hua. "Le rôle du fleuve dans le processus de l'urbanisation : étude des villes fluviales en Chine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1145/document.
For the transformation process of the report city / river, three periods are defined by French researchers: that of the commercial city, that of the industrial city and that of the city in the post-industrial transformation (or city of tertiary sector). However, the chinese river cities have the specifics in the trace of evolution : there exist no trade orientation in the beginning of the time called "trade period", or the industrial revolution at the time of industry; it use the Western model as major reference for development of service functions at the time called "the service sector". Our research is built around two main hypotheses: first, the report city / river in China passed through the three states that characterize the historical development of western cities, but the dynamics of urbanization was born and has adapted to its specific context; secondly, with the introduction of foreign models, the Chinese river towns operate an original interpretation to suit their own economic and social contexts, the reference of external methods in the service of internal logic. In addition, we want to analyze the main issues and actors in these three stages in China. There are two common characteristics called pragmatism and dirigisme: first the dictatorship of pragmatism (the river is still considered a "useful tool") and secondly determining the effect of the actors. The most important are the state and direction of city, who have largely determined the path of evolution of functions and forms of river. Our thesis has three main parts addressing the three phases of the evolution of the city / river: the concession period, between 1840 and 1949, the era of reconstruction of China, between 1949 and 1978, and then the period of the Opening from 1978 to today. Four cities are chosen for field of research after an initial study: Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Tianjin. In light of these studies, the diversity of issues related to the theme of the use of the river during urbanization is highlighted. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between foreign models and the internal logic allows us to establish a theoretical relationship between cities and their river, especially on the river's role in the process of urbanization in China