Дисертації з теми "Courage à la télévision"

Avec le développement considérable des technologies d’accès DSL et fibre optique, les opérateurs de télécommunications sont capables de proposer des services et applications temps réel tels que : l’Internet haut débit, la télévision numérique haute définition, la vidéo à la demande ou la téléphonie sur IP. Dans le réseau domestique, la technologie CPL (courant porteur en ligne) permet de transférer des données haut débit sur le réseau électrique de l’utilisateur résidentiel ou industriel sans une modification de l’installation existante. Avec l’augmentation des débits offerts par les technologies d’accès, il est devenu nécessaire d’augmenter la capacité des liens CPL. Des études ont montré que pour remplir cet objectif, une augmentation de la bande de fréquence CPL était nécessaire. Cependant, les câbles électriques ne sont pas adaptés à la transmission de signaux hautes fréquences et peuvent rayonner. Ces rayonnements peuvent engendrer des perturbations électromagnétiques pour les autres systèmes de communication présents dans le voisinage. Les contraintes de CEM pourront donc représenter un frein important à la montée en débit des systèmes CPL. Ces travaux de thèse sont principalement orientés à l’analyse de la problématique CEM de la technologie CPL dans le contexte du réseau domestique. Les principaux objectifs de la thèse sont de : Proposer et définir des solutions de mitigation innovantes de CEM cognitive assurant la coexistence des systèmes CPL avec les systèmes partageant la même bande de fréquence et présents dans le réseau domestique. Evaluer le gain potentiel de ces solutions en termes de débit et de qualité de service. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la coexistence des transmissions CPL et de la réception radio dans le réseau domestique. Un algorithme de détection des fréquences « radio » basé sur un critère dynamique et sur la coopération entre équipements CPL a été proposé. Dans un second temps, nous avons analysé le couplage entre les supports de transmission CPL et VDSL2, tout d’abord à partir de la modélisation de ce couplage, puis ensuite à partir de mesures effectuées dans des habitations. Enfin, deux solutions innovantes permettant d’assurer la coexistence des transmissions CPL et VDSL2 ont été proposées. La première solution est basée sur la détection du préambule CPL dans le bruit présent sur le support VDSL2. La seconde solution est basée sur l’injection d’un bruit blanc sur le support CPL pendant la procédure d’initialisation de la transmission VDSL2
With the emergence of broadband access technologies DSL and optical fiber, the telecommunication service providers are able to offer services and real-time applications such as broadband Internet, high definition digital video, video on demand or telephony over IP. In the home network, the PLC technology (power line communications) allows to transfer high speed data on the electrical network of residential or industrial customer without a change in the existing installation. With increasing data rates offered by access technologies, it became necessary to increase the capacity of CPL links. Studied have shown that to meet this objective, an increase of the PLC frequency band was required. However, the electrical cables are not suitable for transmitting high frequency signals and can radiate. This radiation can cause electromagnetic interference with other communications systems present in the vicinity. EMC constraints may therefore represent a major obstacle to the increase of PLC data rates. This thesis is mainly oriented to the analysis of the EMC problem of PLC technology in the home network context. The main objectives are: Propose and identify new mitigation solutions based on cognitive EMC ensuring coexistence of PLC systems and other communication systems sharing the same frequency band and present in the vicinity of PLC transmission. Assess the potential gain of these solutions in terms of throughput and quality of service. Initially, we focused on the coexistence of PLC transmissions and radio reception in the home network. A detection algorithm of radio frequencies based on a dynamic threshold and cooperation between PLC equipments was proposed. In a second step, we analyzed the coupling between the PLC and VDSL2 transmission mediums, first of all from the modeling of this coupling, and then from measurements in dwellings. Finally, two new solutions to ensure the coexistence of PLC and VDSL2 transmissions have been proposed. The first solution is based on the PLC preamble detection in the noise measured on the VDSL2 transmission medium. The second solution is based on the white noise injection on the PLC transmission medium during the initialization process of the VDSL2 transmission

Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 103. Thesis director: Stephen Goodwin. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 18, 2008). Also issued in print.

Includes abstract.
Set in the challenging environment of a road construction project in Benin, West Africa, this is a story about three women and their intertwined lives. Each woman has a different personal reason for being in Benin. Each woman needs the courage to make a decision that will have far-reaching consequences.

Introduction l'histoire du tour de france et celle des medias sont intimement liees. La grande boucle a ete cree par des journalistes de presse ecrite en 1903, pour promouvoir leur journal avec l'appui financier de grands groupes industriels de l'armement et du cycle. Le tour de france represente aujourd'hui la troisieme epreuve la plus regardee au monde, apres les jeux olympiques et la coupe du monde. L'epreuve est diffusee dans 150 pays. On peut faire alors l'hypothese que l'introduction massive du sport a la television a radicalement change la construction du visible. Methodologie le travail s'effectue a ltnstitut national de l'audiovisuel, au depot legal sur la base des images retransmises en direct depuis 1953. Resultats si dans les annees 50, la television utilise les outils du cinema pour realiser ces journaux televises permettant ainsi une multiplication des plans. Aujourd'hui, la television dispose autant de possibilites qui permettent lors du direct de multiplier les prises de vues. Discussion -du debut des annees 50 jusque dans les annees 60, il s'agit pour la television de faire la preuve de son interet en comparaison avec la presse ecrite, la radio, les actualites du cinema qui sont la reference en terme de diffusion d'image et le spectacle vivant. Une des specificites de la television est le temps gagne dans la diffusion de l'information. L'enjeu est la constitution d'un marche de vente de televiseurs. -a partir des annees 60, la mobilite du materiel et l'arrivee de la couleur, permet de mieux rendre compte de l'evenement sportif. De part les contraintes de tournage qu'il impose, le tour de france devient un lieu d'innovations pour la television. A partir du milieu des annees 80, l'apparition de chaines privees constitue une rupture dans les rapports sport et television. En effet, les chaines generalistes deviennent concurrentes avec un souci d'audience.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-96).
Hero Reports extends the rationale of New York City's "See Something, Say Something" campaign-an alert public can be a good security measure. The current political climate within the United States translates the MTA's tactics into ones of fear. Instead of fostering collective security, these calls for vigilance create rifts between people and communities. An unhealthy impact of the "See Something, Say Something" campaign encourages people to look at each other with heightened and prejudicial suspicion. Although other projects have sought to interrogate the tactics of such citizen-detective campaigns, they do not provide productive alternatives. Because of this, projects seeking to deflect fear, only serve to reify and preserve its power. An alternative technology is needed to effectively destabilize the message of fear inherent in the MTA campaign. Hero Reports counterbalances the vigilance associated with suspicion and Othering with measures of positive and contextual alertness. It is a technology that builds communities that are truly, and collectively, empowering. Hero Reports provides this alternative first by aggregating stories of everyday heroism, and then by thematically, geographically and temporally mapping them. By linking and contextualizing discrete moments of heroism, Hero Reports promotes a public discourse about how we create, enforce and value social norms. Balancing the empirical ways we measure crime, Hero Reports provides the groundwork for determining the empirical parameters for heroism.
Alyssa Pamela Wright.
S.M.

In the Introduction I briefly lay out the history of the value terms that I will be considering in my thesis and consider the philosophical relevance of the development of such values in the 5th century. The infiltration of modern ideas of morality into what was considered to be good to the Greeks has a great influence on the literature and philosophy of this period. Plato prioritises these quiet moral virtues, but also tries to hang on to some of what had come before, and thus faces difficulties with his moral theory. I will show that courage presents Plato with an acute difficulty when attempting to develop a consistent ethical theory. In Chapter 2 I look at the Protagoras where the main issues about courage that Plato will continue to discuss throughout his life are introduced. The questions of the extent to which the virtues can be taught and the unity of the virtues are introduced early on. What follows is an attempt to explain and justify the Socratic idea that the virtues are co-dependent and that they all in some way boil down to knowledge. In Chapter 3 on the Laches I will show that the discussion focuses more particularly on the virtue of courage and is mostly a more sophisticated attempt to understand courage than the one presented in the Protagoras. In the following three chapters (4-6) I examine the position taken in the Republic in detail, which I take to be more representative of the Platonic rather than Socratic position. Plato’s psychological model – which includes direct influence from the lower soul – is a more reasonable interpretation of the internal workings of the agent than the simpler model in the early dialogues of the only direct motivator being beliefs or knowledge. The chapter on the Laws considers the idea that some of the apparent differences between the Republic and the Laws are due to Plato’s growing realisation that courage will not be assimilated into a unified ethical theory of the type that he wishes to propose.

Platon se sert dans le Lachès du courage comme d'un outil pour accomplir une transvaluation en faveur de la vérité avant de le passer sous silence. Une lecture critique du dialogue fait apparaître cette double opération. Elle permet également de mettre en évidence les fondements d'une alternative au système de la vérité. Le courage devient, plutôt que son auxiliaire, le principe d'une connaissance renonçant à l'essence pour recevoir la chose dans l'intimité d'une peur accueillante. Cette possibilité d'une compréhension intéressée est reprise par Nietzsche qui, repensant dans le cadre de la volonté de puissance et de la lutte des forces la question du rapport de connaissance, fait du courage l'affect fondamental dont procèdent tout don et toute réception véritables. C'est alors, au prix d'une transvaluation à rebours, au sein d'un corps courageux et savant que la connaissance, conçue comme incorporation du flux, devient possible hors de toute référence à la vérité
In the Laches Plato uses courage as an instrument to accomplish a transvaluation in favour of truth and then makes it silent. A critical reading of this dialogue shows this double aspect and points out the basis of an alternative to the system of truth. Instead of becoming its auxiliary, courage become the principle of a knowledge which renounces to the essence to receive the thing into the intimacy of a welcoming fear. Nietzsche recovers the possibility of such a comprehension. Reconsidering the question of the relationship of knowledge in the setting of will to power and the struggle of forces, he makes of courage the fondamental affect from which derives all true giving and receiving. It is then that knowledge intended as an incorporation of the flux becomes possible outside any reference to the truth. This happen at the cost of an upside down transvaluation inside a courageous and learned body

Definie en amont des processus de production et a titre heuristique comme emissions ou films produits pour la television selon des principes conformes au principe protestant (tel que defini par tillich), la television protestante herite de la nouvelle vague cinematographique, en particulier des debats autour de la notion d'auteur ; les oeuvres litteraires et filmiques de trois auteurs protestants, alexandre astruc, roger leenhardt et jean-luc godard, permettent de normer, d'un point de vue protestant, l'espace audiovisuel. These : la television protestante est une television d'auteur qui filme des auteurs (l'auteur etant celui qui transforme une intention critique en creation)
Defined theoretically and heuristically as programmes or films produced for television in accordance with tillich understanding of the protestant principle, protestant television benefits from the nouvelle vague cinema and discussions on the notion of author ("la politique des auteurs"). Literary and film works of three protestant authors namely alexandre astruc, roger leenhardt and jean-luc godard, have created a framework for audiovisual space considered from a protestant point of view. Thesis : protestant television is a television created by authors who film authors - the author being he who transforms a critical intention into creation

While the old adage of “it takes a village…” is often stated in reference to raising children, this statement is also extremely applicable in combating social problems such as intimate partner abuse (IPA). All too often society members turn a “blind eye” to abuse occurring within our homes between intimate partners. Although recent research has shown improvement in attitudes condemning IPA, other research has identified that many individuals continue to perceive IPA as largely a private problem (Bethke & DeJoy, 1993; Straus, Kaufman Kantor, & Moore, 1997). This commonplace belief stands in stark contrast to the vast amount of research that shows IPA is anything but a private problem. In order to halt these occurrences, various intervention programs have been implemented (i.e. batterer intervention programs, mandatory arrest policies, etc.). However, less effort has gone into creating programs to prevent abuse in the first place (Harvey, Garcia-Moreno, & Butchart, 2007). In order to fulfill this need, Harbor House of Central Florida (Orlando, FL) created one notable primary prevention initiative referred to as Project Courage. Launched in 2010, Project Courage staff flooded an Orlando neighborhood (Pine Castle, FL) with IPA services. The following evaluation details Project Courage's successes, challenges, and provides recommendations for the future. The data used in this evaluation were made available by Harbor House of Central Florida, and have been used with permission from the agency and from the University of Central Florida's Institutional Review Board. Data from Project Courage were originally collected by the agency's Prevention Department. First-year funding for the project was provided by the 100 Women Strong giving circle located in Orlando, Florida. The collector(s) of the original data, the funder(s), and their agents or employees bear no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Sociology
Sciences
Sociology

La télévision traditionnelle, « voix de la France » est un média de masse. Avec un taux d’équipement des foyers de plus de 98%, un taux d’écoute de plus de 3h50 par jour, un chiffre d’affaires publicitaires de plus de 4 Mrd EUR , et des « contenus rendez-vous » assurant des audiences record, cette télévision trône dans le salon et réunit la famille. Jusque dans les années 1980, elle reste placée sous le contrôle du pouvoir politique.Sous la Présidence de François Mitterrand, la télévision se libéralise. De nouvelles chaînes privées et commerciales financées par l’audience et la publicité apparaissent, tandis que le secteur public reste principalement financé par la redevance audiovisuelle. Dans les années 90, l’arrivée du câble et du satellite, puis de la TNT en 2005, permettent l’accroissement considérable du nombre de nouvelles chaînes et des offres de télévision (abonnements au câble, au satellite, et à Canal + en 1984). Le numérique révolutionne le secteur de la télévision, les technologies et les usages. Le nombre de chaînes continue de s’accroître de façon exponentielle. On voit se développer la production de contenus générés par les consommateurs (UGC), et l’interactivité est favorisée grâce aux réseaux sociaux. L’évolution des équipements changent les habitudes de consommation du petit écran, notamment pour les plus jeunes. L’ordinateur, la tablette, le Smartphone et la télévision connectée permettent de visionner « la télévision comme je veux, où je veux, quand je veux. ». Ainsi la télévision traditionnelle considérée comme un média de masse, tend à s’individualiser, et s’adapte aux goûts et aux envies de chacun. L’écosystème jusqu’à présent hexagonal est littéralement en train d’exploser pour faire face à l’internationalisation des contenus et à des acteurs audiovisuels majoritairement nord-américains. La réglementation devenue obsolète peine à trouver un nouveau cadre juridique à l’échelle française et européenne. Face à l’offre mondialisée, et les nouveaux usages de consommation notamment les usages délinéarisés (télévision de rattrapage, et Vidéo à la demande), la télévision continue néanmoins à fédérer le public autour de grands évènements d’actualité (évènements sportifs, politiques, journal télévisé du 20h…). Les profondes mutations et les changements rapides qui s’opèrent actuellement laissent planer une grande incertitude sur l’avenir de la télévision traditionnelle et faute de pouvoir s’adapter, celle-ci pourrait à plus ou moins long terme disparaitre…
Traditional TV, "Voice of France" is a mass medium. With a home ownership rate of over 98%, a viewing rate of l more than 3.50 hours, advertising revenue of over 4 billion euros , and “contenus Rendez-vous” bringing in record audiences, television rules over the living room, bringing the family together up into the 1980s. It is, however, controlled by the ruling political powers.Under the presidency of François Mitterrand, television was liberalized with the appearance of new private and commercial channels, financed by audiences and advertising, while the public sector continued to be funded by a license fee. In the 90s, the arrival of cable and satellite, followed by TNT in 2005, allowed the amazing increase of a number of new channels and TV services (« subscriptions to cable, satellite and finally Canal + in 1984 )But this evolution continues with the arrival of digital TV, revolutionizing the industry. It increases the number of channels exponentially, expands the production of content generated by consumers, and promotes interactivity through social networks. Technological advances are changing consumer habits with regard to the small screen, especially for young people. The computer, tablet, smartphone and the connected TV let you watch "television as I want, where I want, when I want”. Traditional TV, once considered as a mass media, is now a media that is individualized and that adapts to the tastes and desires of each viewer.The current financial system in France is literally exploding to deal with the internationalization of audiovisual content and players, with most of the content produced in North America.. Obsolete regulations can no longer keep pace with consumer demand in Europe and France. Faced with global supply and new viewing habits (delinearised viewing: replayand video on demand), television still continues to unite the public around major news events (sporting events, political events, the evening news …). The important, rapid changes now occurring in TV content and distribution lead to considerable uncertainty with regard to the future of traditional television, and unless it can adapt, it could more or less disappear in the long term

La television congolaise a t-elle forme l'homme nouveau de la societe socialiste? l'observation de l'experience de sa production et de ses programmes demontre que ce projet a echoue, pour trois raisons principales : 1 - les couches sociales dominantes demeurent attirees par le substrat culturel occidental, en diepit d'un discours officiel de resistance; 2 - l'extreme modestie de la production locale, influencee aussi bien par les pesanteurs politiques du contexte, que par les limites imposees par les ressources financieres et l'utilisation non rationnelle des competences; 3 - l'inexistence d'un modele original d'exploitation de l'instrument televisuel, susceptible de s'appuyer sur une information contradictoire et de dynamiser la creativite nationale. L'acceleration actuelle du processus democratique peut cependant favoriser un renforcement de tele-congo en tant qu'outil de developpement reel, par l'affranchissement de l'information de la tutelle politique d'etat, par la regionalisation effective des activites de production et l'utilisation conjointe les langues locales, par l'accroissement du role des "messages semantiques", la revision des modeles traditionnels de cooperation, et enfin par l'identification d'approches methodologiques nouvelles dans les rapports des differents acteurs sociaux avec les medias, 24que peuvent favoriser les recents progres techniques
Did the congolese television mould the new man toward the socialist society ? its experience of these last ten years in the field of production and programs proves us conclusively that the project failed, for three reasons : 1 - the dominant social stratums are yet attracted by west-european personal qualities; 2 - the local political context, the inadequate human and financial ressources, don't permit enough programs' creation; 3 - the non-existence of a specific model for that television, specially about information and creativity, sure, the present democratic process in congo can intensify the function of television for the national development. The progress of the technology will have good implications in the society, and can change the relationship between people and mass communication means

Qu'est-ce que la télévision ? Cette question constitue l'axe de notre réflexion. Nous essayons de lui donner réponse de trois façons différentes, chacune d'elles correspondant à une partie de ce travail : le savoir, le media, la société. La première partie s'occupe des questions épistémologiques, elle vise notamment à définir l'objet d'étude - dont l'absence jusqu'à nos jours constitue une véritable lacune dans les discours sur la télévision, y compris dans les études spécialisées. Outre la vision naturalisant qui empêche la prise de recul par rapport à l'expérience ordinaire, la définition de la télévision comme objet d'étude se heurte au déterminisme technologique et au déterminisme sociologique : le premier exagère le pouvoir des medias et prétend que la télévision est la + cause ; de certains phénomènes sociaux ; le second, en revanche, abstrait complètement le media et se concentre sur les questions idéologiques du message. La définition de l'objet met en évidence à la fois l'aspect technique et l'aspect social de la télévision. A partir de là, deux développements parallèles se présentent : l'analyse de la dimension virtuelle ouverte par l'expérience médiatique et l'investigation des conditions qui ont permis l'expansion de cette expérience comme pratique sociale. Ces développements correspondent à la deuxième et a la troisième partie du travail, ou nous abordons la spécificité des medias dans l'univers de la technique, la signification de la télévision dans l'ensemble de l'évolution des medias, ainsi que la télévision comme formation de compromis entre le travail et le loisir. Ces deux démarches développent, chacune a sa façon, la thèse que la télévision est une simulation de la conscience. Cette formulation commune est due justement à notre préoccupation de ne pas perdre de vue l'unité de l'objet, en laissant un écart infranchissable entre ces deux registres de la télévision. Bref, il s'agit là de ce que l'on pourrait fixer comme l'objectif du présent travail : montrer la correspondance entre l'expression technique de la télévision et l'organisation sociale sous-jacente a la pratique de la télespectation.

L'objet de cette recherche est de sairir la nature de la relation entre les individus et la televisin de masse. Il est montre que le succes populaire de la television se fonde sur la "connivence" entre une television qui integre dans ses programmes les incertitudes et les tensions de l'experience sociale de son public populaire, et des individus socialement domines qui trouvent de ce fait a la television un espace culturel de subjectivation. La premiere partie presente la construction d'une problematique depassant le clivage, interne a la sociologie des medias, entre les theories de l'alienation par les industries culturelles et les theories de la satisfaction par le marche des programmes. La seconde partie est consacree a l'observation empirique de la fabrication d'emissions a succes, ainsi qu'une etude de reception aupres de sept groupes socialement differencies. On montre ainsi que les individus ne separent jamais leur rapport a la television du cadre plus large de eur experience sociale. La troisieme partie s'attache a determiner la dimension politique de la relation a la television, en montrant, a travers une etude de cas, la maniere dont la television prend en charge et revele une
The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of the relation between individuals and mass television. We show that television's success with widespread audience is based on the "connivance" between television programs that integrate the uncertainties and tensions of the social experience felt by its wide audeince, and socially dominated individuals who find in this programs a cultural field of subjectivity. The first part of the study presents an analysis that goes beyond the gap, recurrent in media sociology, between theories of alienation througt cultural industries and theories of audience gratification. The second part is devoted to an empirical observation of the making of successful programs, and to a reception analysis with seven socially differentiated groups. We show that individuals never dissociated their relation to television from the larger framework of their social experience. The third part aims at determining the political dimension of individual relation to television. We show, through a case study

Ce travail a pour objectif de tenter de répondre à la question : la télévision a-t-elle une influence sur la division sexuée de l'orientation, sur le fait que filles et garçons continuent à penser qu'il existe des métiers pour les femmes et des métiers pour les hommes ? Si tel est le cas, quelle est la nature de cette influence? Nous n'avons pas trouvé de lien direct entre télévision et choix de métier, même si une partie de ces choix, notamment chez les plus jeunes, concernent des métiers qui ne peuvent être connus que grâce à la télévision. On note par contre le rôle des modèles, des héros choisis qui influeraient sur la construction du genre, dont le choix de métier fait partie. Mais la télévision, grâce à son pouvoir d'attraction, peut aussi être utilisée comme outil pour faire évoluer certaines attitudes des adolescents à l'égard du genre des professions.

As an age old virtue, courage has been linked to several characteristics
however, the number of empirical studies discussing these linkages is few. Also, the literature lacks a proper self report measure of courage. With these voids in mind, the aims of the present research are threefold: a) to develop a new scale to measure courage which has been mostly understood in terms of being able to present oneself in a genuine way, perseverance under difficult circumstances, and pursuit of morally right behavior
b) to investigate self related differences in courage within the context of Balanced Integration and Differentiation (BID) Model of self (imamoglu, 2003) and c) to explore the relationship between courage and other proposed related constructs. A set of questionnaires including the Courage Scale, BID Scale (imamoglu, 1998), Battery of Interpersonal Capabilities (Paulhus, &
Martin 1988), Moral Courage Scale (Bronstein et al, 2007), Short Form of Authenticity Scale (imamoglu et al, 2009), Hope Scale (Snyder et al, 1991), and Voice Scale (Van Dyne, &
LePine, 1998) have been administered to 313 university students (182 female, 127 males and 4 not specified). Results suggested that the newly developed Courage Scale had acceptable levels of internal consistency. Also, it showed converging patterns with Moral Courage Scale which is a more specific measure of the concept throughout different analyses. In congruence with the literature, courage was positively correlated with voice behavior and certain personality characteristics such as self-confidence, assertiveness or honesty. Based on the results, it was concluded that people who have balanced and separated-individuated selves (i.e. who had satisfied both individuational and relational needs and who had satisfied only individuational need, respectively) had higher scores of courage than other self types indicating the importance of intrapersonal developmental orientation for courage. However, both individuation and relatedness were powerful predictors of courage in regression analyses. Results involving a proposed model of courage as a latent variable (predicted by the Courage and Moral Courage Scales) indicated that relatedness, individuation and hope predicted courage indirectly through the mediation of authenticity while the latter two variables also predicted it directly. The study contributed to the literature by exploring the role of self on courage for the first time, by specifying various empirical relationships among concepts that are regarded close to courage and by suggesting a model of courage. The results were discussed in terms of limitations and suggestions as well.

Soigner, est un mouvement vers celui qui nécessite des soins, essentiellement habité par la bonté. Ainsi dit et pense l’ange dans sa magnificence. Las ! La personne soignée, par son regard, de confiance et souffrance mêlées, souligne sa fréquente faillite. Ainsi l’ange déçoit et de ce fait, déchoit. Si le bien est inhérent au soin quelle peut-être la réalité de ce mal dénoncé ? Existe-t-il, « en-soi », telle la face cachée du bien, et que l’on nommerait de ce fait, le « moindre mal » dont les patients seraient bien avisés de se contenter ? Ou bien est-il totalement dépendant de l’action soignante et de son contexte ? Aristote évoquait un monde sublunaire, où règne le contingent – ce qui pourrait ne pas être, et un monde supra-lunaire, lieu du nécessaire – ce qui ne peut pas ne pas être. À quel monde appartient le soin, et si le mal existe réellement quelles en sont les formes ? La morale, dont tout le monde suppose qu’elle sous-tend la situation de soin, se décline effectivement différemment selon les époques et les lieux, l’Histoire nous l’a bien montré. Nous posons l’hypothèse d’une dimension métaphysique du soin au-delà de l’éthique de l’acteur de soin. Cette ontologie, rendrait universelle une nécessaire vigilance à l’égard de ce que tous les acteurs du soin, y compris les structures tutélaires et la puissance publique sont conjointement déterminés à en faire, dans une ambiance de transformation radicale des savoirs prédictifs et de la dématérialisation des rencontres
Caring is a movement towards the ones who need care, essentially inhabited by kindness. This is the way the angel thinks and expresses himself, in his own magnificence. Las! The cared person, feeling as much trust as suffering, points out his frequent failure. This is also the way the angel disappoints and thereby falls. If goodness is inherent to care, is this reported evil real ? Does it exist, "in-itself », such as the dark side of good ? We could thus call it "the least evil", whose patients would be well advised to be satisfied of. Or is it directly derived from the caring action and its context ? Aristotle talks about a sub-lunar contingent world, which can not be, and a supra-lunar world, a necessary and inevitable world, which cannot not be. To which world does care belong, and if evil really exists, what are its forms ? Morality, which everyone supposes to underlie the situation of care, declines and indeed varies according to the times and places, as History has shown us well. We suppose that the metaphysical dimension of care is beyond the givercare’s ethic. This ontology would make universal a necessary vigilance regarding to what all the actors of care are jointly determined to do. Among these, we unclude guardianship structures and public authorities. We will thus also approach both the atmosphere of radical and predictive knowledge and the dematerialization of meetings

Au moment où, dans les années 50 et 60, une critique universitaire nimbée de structuralisme entérine la mort sacrificielle de l'auteur au profit du texte et de sa réception, la Paléo-Télévision consacre sa résurrection avant son «assomption cathodique» promue par la Néo-Télévision. Instance d'une nouvelle légitimation, l'émission-littéraire assied son magistère et, par l'avènement d'un véritable dispositif cathodico-littéraire, modifie en profondeur le statut de l'écrivain dont elle procède à la liquidation via le sacrifice du texte et une allégeance forcée au règne de l'assentiment et du plébiscite commercial. L'émission littéraire, exception culturelle à la française, connaît son apogée dans les années 80 et 90 – avec un parangon jamais égalé: Apostrophes -, puis une lente déchéance. Aujourd'hui balayée par le règne du divertissement« sur-télévisuel» - qui s'arroge le quasi-monopole de la promotion du livre n’a-t-elle pas, au fond, voulu endosser des habits trop larges?

La television et la politique la television et la politique sont interdependantes car si le monde politique propose l'encadrement juridique de la premiere il n'en est pas moins tributaire d'elle. L'evolution du droit francais et sud-coreen illustre la dependance de la television au monde politique et ceci en raison de son pouvoir communicationnel. La television secrete ses propres regles de fonctionnement, regles qui n'ont pas echappe a la communication politique. Objet democratique par excellence la television est en train de deformer la democratoe alors meme qu'elle detient les moyens de lui venir en aide. Mots-cles : television, coree du sud, droit de l'audiovisuel, communication politique, campagne electorale, effets, debats, democratie
Television and politics the strong relationship between television and politics stems out of legal framework set forth by politicans for television and of the powers bestowed on television by the same politicians. The evolution of french and south korean broacasting law illustrate television dependence on political authorities because of its communicational qualities. Television as a medium obeys to its own rules, riles with are under tje cmpse scritiny of political communication theories. In spite of being the most democratic object, television is undermiming democracy itself whilst it has the means to uphold this ideal. Key-word : television, south korea, france, broadcasting law, political communication, electoral campaigns, effects, debates, democracy

La television est le media le plus present dans la vie du saoudien. Elle a penetre assez rapidement dans la quasi totalite des foyers, pour devenir l'un des plus importants moyens d'information et de distraction. Cette these tente a explorer un domaine quasiment vierge. Elle rassemble des donnees difficiles a obtenir sur les medias d'un pays qui ne cesse de prendre de l'importance tant dans les domatiriels que spirituels. Mes investigations portent sur la creation, le developpement et les effets de ce media dans la societe saoudienne. Cette these s'inscrit dans les recherches qui relevent du domaine des sciences de l'information et de la communication. Son objet, la television en arabie saoudite, est traite de facon a mettre en lumiere le contexte du pays, les caracteristiques de ce media l'analyse de ses programmes et les reactions de son audience. Ce travail a pour but de presenter et d'analyser les aspects qui differencient la television saoudienne des televisions diffusees dans les pays concurrents. Pour ce faire, l'histoire de l'evolution de la television saoudienne est traitee dans ses details. A travers la consulation des etudes d'audience est montree la place actuelle et l'avenir de la television nationale dans le nouveau paysage audiovisuel saoudien. Cette these comporte quatre parties : le contexte socio-politique et economique, l'histoire de l'audiovisuel, la programmation de la television nationale et l'audience de la television en arabie saoudite.

Nees en coree au debut de la seconde moitie du vingtieme sciecle, les chaines hertziennes se sont depuis beaucoup developpees. Toujours aussi, elles ont su repondre aux attentes du public coreen. Mais ces quatre chaines sont, avant tout, une parfaite replique du paysage economique du pays. Devenues de veritable groupes dominant outrageusement le secteur, elles nous rappellent ces gigantesques conglomerats qui dictent leur loi a l'economie nationale. Ni la multiplication des chaines en 1995, ni la crise economique apparue en 97, n'ont pu influencer cette predominance. L'arrivee du cable et des chaines regionales a en fait ete parametre economique. La crise, quant a elle, les a pousses a consolider leur structure. Dans un premier temps, les chaines commencent a concevoir une certaine multiplicite des programmes et dans un second temps, elles achevent leur "dinausorisation". Il semblerait que l'economie du pays soit, aujourd'hui, au stade de la convalescence. La timide relance qui se dessine depuis le debut 99, a eu de suite des effets benefiques sur les chaines hertziennes. Ces moments d'euphorie, puis de tourment vecus par la television coreenne, nous ont permis d'en dresser un etat de lieux.

La diffusion transfrontaliere des emissions de television s'est sensiblement developpee ces dernieres annees grace au recours de plus en plus frequent au cable et, surtout, au satellite. Le caractere transnational des programmes ainsi diffuses a souleve un certain nombre de problemes juridiques dont la resolution ne pouvait etre apprehendee qu'a un niveau supranational. La communaute europeenne constituait un cadre adequat pour elaborer des principes communs a l'ensemble des etats. Le secteur televisuel pouvait alors etre regi soit par la mise en place de regles particulieres a cette activite, soit par l'adaptatioin des regles generales du droit communautaire. L'objectif d'un marche transfrontalier des programmes peut etre realise en harmonisant les legislations relatives aux activites televisuelles et en imposant le respect des regles de concurrence issues du traite c. E
Programmes broadcasted beyond bonders increased in ths last few years thanks to cable television and satellite. However, programmes broadcasted beyond bonders brought up some legal issues which could only be sonted out at a supranational level. The european community was a suitable area to conceive common principles for states. Television industry could indeed be managed either by setting up specific rules for this industry or by adapting general rules from community law. A market for programmes broadcasted beyond bonders could be reached by harmonizing the television industry legislation and respecting competition rules laid down by the e. C. Treaty

Quelques études déploraient à la fin des années 80 la disparition des émissions scientifiques dont l'émergence remontait aux premières heures de la télévision. Le paysage audiovisuel français s'est depuis peu à peu réouvert à ce genre de programmes et, si l'ampleur de la représentativité des sciences à l'écran n'est aujourd'hui plus problématique, celle de la qualité de cette représentation mérite d'être posée. Mais qu'est ce que la qualité, appliquée à un objet si complexe que la télévision et si multiple que les programmes scientifiques, à la fois divertissants, éducatifs et informatifs ? Ce travail s'attache à mettre en œuvre une méthode d'approche qualitative, plurielle, qui associe les critères utilisés par les spécialistes, gens de télévision, scientifiques, experts, aux recherches menées dans le domaine des médias de masse et de la vulgarisation scientifique. Trois dimensions de la qualité des programmes scientifiques sont ainsi étudiées : qualité de la programmation, du rapport à la science et formelle. Cette approche met en évidence, contre les énoncés décriant l'univocité et l'uniformité télévisuelle, une programmation relativement diversifiée, une participation du monde scientifique qui ne se résume pas uniquement à quelques figures médiatiques, et des discours qui ne sacralisent pas nécessairement le monde savant. Mais l'analyse montre aussi combien la télévision met plus volontiers en évidence les techniques, supposées à la fois outils de production de la connaissance et applications, que la science et ses méthodes. Cette apologie dessine ainsi une manière de légitimation des sciences par leur technicité, leur "opérativité ". Au mythe de la scientificité, il convient d'adjoindre aujourd'hui, expression du passage à une certaine post-modernité, celui de la technicité
Ln the late eighties, many scholars deplored that scientific programmes were disappearing from television. Since that rime, the French television screen has gradually been opening up to these specific programmes. However, though the presence of science is no longer a problem, the quality of the programmes has not really be addressed. What does "quality" mean when the notion is applied to such a complicated abject as television or to scientific programmes which must entertain people, educate them and inform them ? This research intends to set up a qualitative assessment method which associates the criteria used by experts, television professionals and scientists, with academic reflections on mass media and scientific, popularisation. Therefore, the analysis focuses on three dimensions: the programming quality, the quality of the relationship with science and the formai quality. Contrary to most discourses discrediting the univocity and standardisation of television productions, this approach reveals a much wider diversity of scientific programmes than expected as well as the regular participation of scientists who are far from being media stars. It also shows that television does not necessarily regard the scholarly world as sacred. But the analysis proves that television tends to privilege technique - considered as both knowledge production tools and applications -, than science and its methods. This portrays a way of legitimising the sciences through their technicity and their propensity to produce concrete artefacts. Today, the myth of science gives way to a new one which expresses the transition towards the so-called post-modernity : the myth of technique

As authenticity and trust continue to be recognized as key pillars of effective leadership in today’s world (Avolio et al., 2004; Mayer et al., 1995; Peus et al., 2012), organizations need leaders who are willing to be vulnerable with those they lead. The purpose of current study was to explore the relationship between courage, other-centered calling, vulnerability, and leadership differentiation. The sample for the current study included 296 self-identified leaders who report being responsible for the work and development of others. Leaders were primarily Caucasian (83.7%), male (55.9%), and from a church/ministry setting (41.2%). The study occurred over a year span within an online leadership development tool. Moderated mediation in Hayes (2013) PROCESS Macro was used to test the hypotheses. Courage was positively related to vulnerability (B = .226, p = .000), and the relationship between courage and vulnerability was significantly moderated by other-centered calling (B = .112, p = .032). Additionally, the relationship between vulnerability and leadership differentiation was examined and found to be nonsignificant (B = -.004, p = .901). Findings from this study indicate that courage and other-centered calling are key factors in allowing leaders to choose vulnerability with those they lead.

While sanctions proliferated after the Cold War, concerns remain about their effectiveness and humanitarian impact. In addressing these concerns, scholars have offered diverse frameworks generally emphasizing sanctions' design or application. This thesis argues that the proper focus of concern is conceptually prior to each of these. In fact, lacking political will has been characteristic of sanctions cases and the root of sanctions' failures. Significantly, the cost-benefit calculus informing policymakers' political will has been systematically incomplete. Sanctions are often judged on their lifting, in the country on which they were imposed, yet this unreasonably crops out broader sanctions' impact. Sanctions have an understudied capacity for creating vacuums filled by indigenous influences, for lastingly restructuring societies, and for affecting human capital, each in a manner obstructive of post-conflict peacebuilding and reconstruction. This has vital policy relevance given its impact on substantive international peace and security, the breech of which initially spurs sanctions. Contemporary efforts in Iraq, Haiti, Serbia, and South Africa are explored in illustration.

Comment les Fables, qui délivrent elles-mêmes leur propre commentaire dans leur moralité, ont pu susciter de multiples interprétations politiques ? La première partie étudie d’abord les opérations herméneutiques des commentaires politiques des Fables (ch. I-iv), puis trouve dans les théories classiques de l’apologue un mode de lecture, rhétorique, à l’aune duquel les Fables se caractérisent par une pluralisation de l’interprétation ou équivocité (ch. V-vi). Les interprètes inscrivent les Fables dans un face-à-face entre le poète et le roi : volens nolens, ils reprennent une scène, topique dans l’Antiquité, de parrêsia ou « courage de la vérité » (M. Foucault) : dire brutalement au prince la vérité de son être (èthos). La deuxième partie examine la pertinence de cette problématisation éthico-discursive de la politique aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles (ch. Vii-viii), puis dans les fables qui mettent en scène la parrêsia (ch. Ix). L’exigence parrésiastique est bien présente, mais infléchie : abandon de la brutalité, privatisation de la parrêsia, délégation de sa formulation aux princes eux-mêmes. La troisième partie étudie les Fables comme parrêsia réservée à l’interprétation du prince (elles exercent alors son jugement et sa prudence), mais lisible par d’autres lecteurs (ch. X). La Fontaine formule lui-même cette double destination entre prince et public (ch. Xi). Les Fables délivrent la vérité, non avec la brutalité antique, mais par l’équivoque : leur réception clivée se double d’alternatives herméneutiques, et le lecteur doit faire des choix interprétatifs qui définissent son èthos (ch. Xii). Cette équivocité est le résultat des opérations du fabuliste sur ses hypotextes (ch. Xiii). La politique des Fables suppose ainsi une éthique et une politique de l’interprétation (ch. Xiv)
How is it possible that the Fables, that contain their own commentary in their final moral, gave rise to such many different political interpretations? The first part studies the hermeneutical strategies of the political commentaries of the Fables (Ch. I-IV), while the second finds in the classical theories of the apologue a rhetorical reading through which the Fables are characterized by a multiplicity of interpretations or equivocation (Ch. V-VI). For scholars the Fables are focused on a face-to-face between the poet and the king: volens nolens, they go back to frame of the courage of truth, parresia (M. Foucault), a topos since the Antiquity: to tell sharply to the prince his true nature (ethos). The second part examines the relevance of this ethical-discursive reading of politics in the XVI and XVII centuries (Ch. VII-VIII), focusing then on the fables in which the parresia is at the center of the scene (Ch. IX). If the parresiastic requirement appears clearly, it is at the same time softened: brutality is abandoned, the parresia became a private affair, the formulation is a task assigned to the princes themselves. The third part studies the Fables as a parresia aimed for prince’s interpretation (they enable him to improve his judgment and his wisdom), but open to other readers (Ch. X). La Fontaine himself makes clear this double destination to the prince and the public (Ch. XI). The Fables reveal the truth, not in the ancient brutal manner, but through equivocation: opened to different hermeneutical alternatives, the spitted text is received by a reader who has to make a choice revealing his ethos (Ch. XII). This equivocation comes from the fabulist’s work on his hypothesis (Ch. XIII). For this reason the politics of the Fables presupposes an ethics and a politics of interpretation (Ch. XIV)

Includes bibliographical references.
Experiential learning is a well-known learning theory that underpins management development. This study presents a causal theory that is based on experiential learning and explains why some students experience a transformational learning experience that increases their management effectiveness and others do not. This theory was developed within a critical realist ontology and it used a constructivist grounded theory methodology to emerge the key variables that formed the theory. Prior to the grounded theory study, a pilot study was conducted to develop the conceptual framework for the research. This pilot study included approximately 240 research participants from within the classrooms in my work context. The conceptual framework facilitated the development of the key research question: How do engaged, learning ready students, who can manage their own learning process, undergo transformational learning experiences that increase management effectiveness?

In most ways, The Mountain Eagle is an ordinary community oriented weekly newspaper, and indeed, a close examination of the paper will reveal that it focuses mostly on community news in Letcher County Kentucky, a small county in the mountains of eastern Kentucky. It carries holiday recipes, neighborhood news, and coverage of local government, school boards and sporting events. But a closer examination of the paper and its history reveals a different kind of community weekly. The Mountain Eagle is one of the most recognized, commented upon, and decorated community newspapers in the United States. Since Tom and Pat Gish took the paper over in 1957, the Gishes and their newspaper have been shunned by their neighbors, boycotted, and the paper’s offices were fire-bombed in 1974. And yet, the paper survived and continues to report the news, honesty and without bias. Although Tom Gish was born and raised in the coal fields of Letcher County both Gishes were “city journalists” when they came to Whitesburg. Pat worked for The Lexington Leader and Tom managed the United Press Desk in the state capital of Frankfort. They met while studying Journalism at the University of Kentucky, and pursued careers in the field. Their desire to run a small-town newspaper brought them to Whitesburg, Tom’s hometown. Their insistence on doing their jobs the way they had been trained soon put them at odds with the Fiscal Court, the School Board, the coal operators, and the elites who ran Letcher County. Coal mining drove the economy, and the county operated on a near feudal basis, with people owing fealty to elected officials and coal companies, and none of the controlling interests liked the idea of seeing their activities on the front page. This dissertation is a chronological examination of The Mountain Eagle and its publishers during period between 1957, when the Gishes took over the newspaper, to 1977, when the Federal Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act was signed into law. During that period, Letcher County and the United States experienced the assassination of a president, the War on Poverty, the Vietnam War, and the widespread use of strip mining to gouge rich veins of coal out of the Appalachian Coalfields. Strip mining soon became the most common method of extracting coal in the country, and its effects on the steep hillsides of eastern Kentucky became the focus of much of The Eagle’s news and editorial activity. Both Gishes said many times that it had never been their intention to become crusaders or to take on any particular group. But as they began to undertake what they saw as their primary job, that of reporting on the news of the county, they began to experience obstacles in reporting on civic activities, which by Kentucky law were supposed to be open to the public. In an introductory speech delivered to the Rotary Club in the county seat of Whitesburg, Tom Gish pointed out that while there were a lot of things about the newspaper that he liked and intended to keep, there were other areas where he thought the paper could be improved. One of those areas was in the coverage of civic events, primarily the meetings of the fiscal court, the various city councils, and the board of education, the first of the controlling bodies to come into conflict with the newspaper. Pat Gish did most of the reporting, and when she started attending school board meetings, she learned that while she might be tolerated, she would certainly not be welcomed. The board initially told the paper that their meetings were closed, only one person at a time was allowed into the board chamber, and they were there to discuss their business with the board and then leave. Tom Gish informed them that the Kentucky Open Meetings Law gave the press access to public meetings and grudgingly, the board allowed Pat to attend. But they refused to provide her with a chair, so she had to stand during meetings that often lasted for several hours, even while she was pregnant with her second child. Tom Gish also began to attend meetings to provide a basis for the editorials he wrote asking for improvements in county-wide education. This came during a period when Kentucky Schools were under investigation by the state legislature and Whitesburg Attorney Harry Caudill, who represented the county in the General Assembly, chaired a committee that delivered a scathing report on Kentucky schools, and called particular attention to education in eastern Kentucky. Caudill’s guest editorials and Letters to the Editor began to appear in The Mountain Eagle during this period and marked the first phase of a long collaboration between Caudill and Gish that addressed a broad range of issues that affected the region. Not long afterward, one of the board members, the physician who had delivered Tom Gish and owned several businesses in the county, announced that he would withdraw his advertising from the paper and the “word went out” that teachers had been forbidden to purchase the paper. Tom Gish later said that newsstand sales had skyrocketed during this and subsequent boycotts. Tom Gish joined his wife in covering the Letcher County Fiscal Court and they soon angered the judge and magistrates by reporting that magistrates had voted themselves a substantial pay raise. Although the court had initially welcomed the newspaper at meetings, they soon passed an ordinance to make at least part of their meetings closed. This was another violation of the Open Meetings Act and the Attorney General weighed in on the newspaper’s behalf. A long-running feud developed between The Eagle and the court that included several efforts to de-certify the paper as the newspaper with the largest circulation. This meant that all legal documents, including ordinances and other court actions had to be published in The Eagle before they became law. These publications, along with bond advertisements from coal companies and other legally required publications were a significant source of the newspaper’s income. The feud with the court finally came to a head in 1974 when the County Judge Executive and Sheriff ignored threats to blow the newspaper’s offices up just weeks before the paper was fire-bombed by a former Whitesburg City Police officer, who had resigned after being named in several articles concerning police brutality. The Mountain Eagle’s involvement with the War on Poverty and its advocacy for strip mine regulation brought the paper into the national spotlight. Many of the national reporters who published articles on Appalachian poverty that captured the nation’s imagination and sympathy came directly through the offices of The Mountain Eagle, and the Gishes often served as their guides to eastern Kentucky. The New York Times’ initial report on the endemic poverty that plagued eastern Kentucky, which captured Senator John F. Kennedy’s attention during his campaign for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination, came after Times Reporter Calvin Trillen spent time at the Gish home in Whitesburg and toured the region with them. Tom and Pat Gish became deeply involved in efforts to alleviate suffering in the region and spent so much time testifying before congressional committees and on other poverty related activities during the War on Poverty, the paper often came out late and suffered financially. Tom Gish frequently wrote editorials that praised the federal government’s efforts, but just as often, his editorials were among the most scathing in the country, when he felt that it was too little, too late. The newspaper had a complex relationship with the coal industry. Tom Gish’s father was a mine superintendent with South East Coal Company, one of the larger companies in the county. Tom saw underground coal mining as the logical basis for the economy in the region, but he also advocated for diversifying the economy so it would not be entirely dependent on a single industry. When he visited a strip mine in eastern Letcher County with his father Ben, both men were horrified at the destruction visited on a small community there and Tom began to call for strip mining to be outlawed all together or at the very least, strictly regulated. This began a twenty-year struggle that finally came to fruition with the 1977 Federal Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act. But the legislation was far from perfect and not only codified strip mining in federal law, but also opened the door for the even more destructive practice of mountain top removal. The Mountain Eagle’s involvement with the War on Poverty, along with their opposition to strip mining, also angered some people in Letcher County, and the Gish family was shunned by many of their neighbors, and the paper was boycotted by some advertisers. Efforts to undermine them were rampant and threats from coal operators were frequent. When a Molotov Cocktail was finally thrown through the window of the newspaper’s offices in 1974, many of the residents of Whitesburg turned their backs on the Gishes. They still managed to get the next edition out the week following the fire, although the paper was put together in the family’s living room, and the family moved their home to a rural part of the county, but kept the offices in Whitesburg because it was the county seat. For the next three years, the paper devoted a significant amount of space to the events surrounding the prosecution of the arsonists, but they still focused heavily on county news. The 1976 Scotia Mine disaster, when two methane explosions claimed the lives of 26 men at Oven Fork in Letcher County took their full attention for much of the entire following year. The Mountain Eagle has survived into the 21st Century, and the Gishes and their paper won a number of national awards for excellence and courage in journalism, along with several major awards for their contribution to freedom of the press. Both Tom (2008) and Pat (2014) have since died and their son Ben is the Editor and the only member of the Gish family still working at the newspaper. Letcher County has experienced many of the same changes as the rest of the country, but the economy never expanded past coal mining, so when the coal industry collapsed in 2015, the rest of the county economy failed with it. Unemployment is high now and many of the younger families have left seeking employment elsewhere. Tom Gish’s prediction that eastern Kentucky could eventually find itself mostly with very young and very old recipients of government assistance living there has come true and the region is currently struggling to find a way to manage. The Mountain Eagle has suffered too, but it still manages, and it still adheres to the masthead slogan, “It Screams."

Interventions which ameliorate the late effects of cancer treatment, and promote adjustment for children coping with cancer are needed (Kazak, 2005). The Beads of Courage® (BOC) Program (Baruch, 2002), is an arts-in-health program developed to strengthen resilience and alleviate suffering in children receiving treatment for cancer. Through the BOC Program, children receive different colored beads that serve as visible symbols of the many procedures they experience during cancer treatment. Despite the wide use of the BOC Program by more than 70 children's hospitals, the BOC Program has never been formally evaluated.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the BOC Program using qualitative descriptive methods. The specific aims of the program evaluation were to: 1) Describe the BOC Program process; 2) Describe how the BOC Program is implemented; and 3) Describe the potential outcomes of the BOC Program.Data collection methods with four BOC Program stakeholders included: Semi-structured interviews with children (N=6); focus groups with clinicians (N=10) and parents (N=5); and open-ended surveys with clinicians (N=9), parents (N=8) and bead artists (N=6). Findings indicate that the BOC Program is operating according to design (process and implementation), and the overall satisfaction and perceived worth of the BOC Program is high. Emerging categories from the content analysis describe the BOC Program as a form of narrative medicine that provides a reflective tool, a symbol of accomplishment, and joy and encouragement for children receiving treatment for cancer. Preliminary data support the BOC Program theory, with resilience-based protective factors (positive coping, derived meaning, social support) supported, and risk factors (uncertainty in illness, defensive coping) decreased in children who received the BOC Program. Future studies should include quantitative measures of factors of resilience to determine change over time in children receiving the BOC Program during cancer treatment. Findings from this study support theory development to further strengthen the body of knowledge on psychosocial adjustment issues for children coping with cancer. The findings also provide evidence to support the role that arts-in-health programs have in alleviating the experience of suffering in children coping with cancer.

Echelonne sur plusieurs annees, ce travail definit les parametres de la television a controle d'acces aux etats-unis, il retrace son histoire, esquisse le bilan de ses dix premieres annees d'existence et fait le point sur l'etat des techniques et des systemes qui permettront son essor et sa migration vers le numerique. Le memoire presente un panorama exhaustif de l'offre contemporaine et potentiel de programmes et de services offerst "a la carte", en evoquant a la fois les aspects techniques, economiques, sociologiques et accessoirement juridiques de la genese et de la croissance de la television a acces selectif. Enfin, une importance tout a fait particuliere est accordee a l'analyse de la convergence entre les differents grands groupes industriels des mondes de l'informatique, des telecommunications et des medias qui rend possible l'avenement de la television de demain, devenue interactive et transactionnelle
This thesis starts by defining conditional access television, otherwise known as "a la carte", and takes the reader through its first 10-year history. It discusses the technological, regulatory, sociological and business strategies underlying its development and its migration from analog pay-per-view to fully digital, fully switched, interactive television. The first part comprises an exhaustive review of the various services and program packages currently available on an "a la carte" basis in the united states and provides a description of their related distribution technology. The second part is devoted to an analysis and evaluation of the early forms of interactive television currently available in the united states. Finally, the third part analyzes the convergence between the entertainment, the telecommunications, and the computer industries currently under way, in order to allow the birth of a truly revolutionary new medium: interactive digital video delivered interchangeably via the television or the personal computer

L'instauration du debat politique comme pratique televisuelle indique une facon specifique de considerer l'espace social. Le genre du debat televise se trouve au carrefour de deux logiques differentes : d'une part, il aspire faire partie du processus democratique et, d'autre part, il releve du domaine de l'offre de programmes. Cette these porte sur les debats politiques a la television grecque entre 1990 et 1998 et vise a eclairer cette forme d'expression de la societe hellenique. Un parcours des concepts theoriques concernant renonciation televisuelle et sa relation avec l'espace politique dessine les contours de notre reflexion. Un retour sur l'histoire de la television grecque et sur l'evolution des programmes politiques introduit egalement notre analyse. L'etude semiologique des regimes scopiques mis en place par les emissions politiques fait apparaitre une construction symbolique du studio, incarnant les principes du dialogue democratique. C'est la raison pour laquelle la premiere partie de notre these est consacree a la comprehension des mecanismes d'attribution de valeurs a cet espace. Les emissions de debat politique construisent une temporalite plurielle qui depasse la notion du temps reel des evenements. L'element temps est integre dans le studio, notamment par le dispositif du direct, et devient conscience holistique et intense d'un espace clos etendu a l'ubiquite. Cette relation entre le temps des emissions politiques et l'espace est aussi mise en relief dans la seconde partie de cette these. Enfin, dans la troisieme partie, on propose une analyse du discours des acteurs participant aux debats. La figure emblematique du presentateur et celle des acteurs politiques prennent une importance considerable dans la representation televisuelle, au detriment de la parole civile. Cette recherche aspire ainsi reveler les conditions de mediation televisuelle de la politique au sein de la societe hellenique.

Les flux de télévision sont structurés : ils sont en effet composés de programmes successifs (journaux, films, magazines, etc.) et entrecoupés par des inter-programmes (publicités, bandes annonces, parrainages, etc.). Dès que les flux sont diffusés sur les ondes, ils perdent malheureusement toute information de structure. La problématique de la délinéarisation automatique est de retrouver la structure des flux TV, avec en particulier le début précis et la fin précise de chaque programme, à partir des signaux audiovisuels reçus et des métadonnées éventuellement fournies par les chaînes TV. Cette thèse présente un système complet de délinéarisation automatique rigoureusement évalué sur quatre semaines de flux TV réels, pour deux chaînes de télévision différentes. Les travaux se basent sur la propriété de répétition des inter-programmes. Cette propriété est exploitée à travers la détection de toutes les répétitions d'un flux grâce à une technique de clustering des images clés du flux. Ces répétitions servent à la création de segments qui sont ensuite classés en segments de programme ou en segments d'inter-programme suivant les caractéristiques des répétitions et les relations entre les segments. Pour cela, le système utilise la programmation logique inductive. Une fois les segments classés, les segments de programme appartenant à un même programme sont étiquetés et réunifiés grâce aux métadonnées éventuelles. En l'absence de métadonnées, les segments de programme d'un même programme peuvent être seulement réunifiés grâce à des similarités visuelles.

Si la télévision est une « montreuse d’images », celles-ci sont souvent assimilées à la réalité. Que devient alors cette dernière une fois transformée en images de télévision ? Cela implique-t-il que la réalité se réduit au visible ? Et d’abord, de quelle réalité parle-t-on ? « Le médium, c’est le message » disait Mac LUHAN. Peut-être sera-t-il opportun, avant de répondre à ces questions qui semblent, de prime abord, uniquement liées aux contenus télévisuels, de se pencher sur le médium lui-même. Car les effets avérés du petit écran sur le cerveau humain ne sont pas négligeables. Notamment quand il s’agit de jeunes enfants placés très précocement face à l’écran. Mais la télévision et l’image, de manière générale, peuvent se révéler des atouts éducatifs (sans doute encore trop inexplorés) si l’on sait tenir compte des différents paramètres. C’est pourquoi, s’ouvrir sur la diversité des discours sur la télévision permet d’en saisir les mécanismes et les effets. Et pour prendre la mesure du pouvoir de l’image mouvante dans l’hétérogénéité des genres télévisuels d’aujourd’hui, il est impératif de se référer à l’Histoire de l’Art pour comprendre, dans le temps, notre rapport à l’image dans son sens le plus large. Car dorénavant, d’un côté, la technologie nous permet de pénétrer d’accéder à plus d’informations ; de l’autre, certaines de ces informations sont à l’origine de stéréotypes qui, par le biais du réalisme télévisuel dépassent une réalité. Mais la réception n’en demeure pas moins hétérogène et ce fait doit attirer notre attention
If television is a « images exhibitor », those ones are often equated with reality. What happens then when that reality turned into a television images? Does this mean that the reality is reduced to visible ? First of all, which reality we’re talking about ? « The medium is the message » McLuhan said. Perhaps it will be a good thing, before answering these questions that seem, at first only related to television content, to consider the medium itself. Because the proven effects of television on the human brain are not negligible. Especially when it comes to young children placed very early in front of the screen. But television and image, in general, can be educational assets (probably still too unexplored) if we take into account the known parameters. Therefore, the diversity of open discourse on television makes it possible to understand the mechanisms and effects of it. And to take the measure of the power of the moving image in the heterogeneity of nowadays television genres, it’s imperative to refer to Art History to understand, in time, our relationship to the image in its broadest sense. For now, on one hand, technology allows us to access more informations ; on the other, some of these informations are at the origin of some stereotypes which, by the way to televisual realism, are exceeding the reality. But the reception is nevertheless heterogeneous and this must attract our attention

Un documentaire télévisuel est informatif et didactique, mais il peut aussi développer l'esprit critique du récepteur. Nous tentons de déterminer comment les procédés d'écriture rhétorique, ainsi que la structure générale du texte, prévoient la participation du téléspectateur dans la mise en cohérence du discours, indispensable à la transmission de connaissances. Les documentaires analysés possèdent des moments rhétoriques forts, visibles et répétés. Ces séquences présentent une rupture avec ce que le récepteur a pris l'habitude de voir et d'entendre ; nous les nommons "blocs rhétoriques". L'étude révèle que ces "blocs rhétoriques", vont "ouvrir" le texte, et exposer les possibles de l'écriture télévisuelle ; et ainsi transformer le récepteur en métalecteur. D'autre part, parce qu'ils se font écho, ils vont aussi structurer le texte et permettre de composer le discours dans toute sa cohérence. .

Incivility, also known as bullying or horizontal violence, can take many forms from derogatory statements to physical harm. Incivility can create physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms leading to job dissatisfaction and increased turnover. Incivility can impact patient care and patient safety. Organizational impacts include increased turnover and decreased productivity. Regulatory and professional agencies have issued recommendations for leaders of organizations to address incivility in the workplace. The purpose of the study was to determine if an educational program for nurse leaders can improve the perceived ability of the leaders to act with moral courage to address uncivil behavior. Two theories identified as relevant to incivility in the workplace, Freire’s Oppression Theory and Kanter’s Structural Theory of Power. A quasi experimental design, one group pretest-posttest, was used. The study took place in a 363-bed tertiary care facility. A convenience sample of nurse leaders completed a pre-survey, education, and post-survey. Analysis was conducted on 37 matched pairs of surveys. The tool, the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) Scale, is comprised of fifteen statements divided into five themes; three statements per theme. Three areas of statistical significance were found using a paired t-test comparing the pre-survey to the post-survey scores. The results indicated improvement in two out of five themes, acting morally and proactive approach, and the overall score. Leaders need to utilize moral and address incivility. By witnessing the leaders’ role modeling civil behaviors and taking action in the face of incivility, staff should also demonstrate the same behaviors.