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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Coupler strength"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Coupler strength"

Kilinc, Yasin, M. Çagatay Karakan, Yusuf Leblebici, M. Selim Hanay, and B. Erdem Alaca. "Observation of coupled mechanical resonance modes within suspended 3D nanowire arrays." Nanoscale 12, no. 43 (2020): 22042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06659a.

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Cho, Seoungho, Myungkwan Lim, and Changhee Lee. "Study on the Bending and Joint Performances of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using High-Strength Rebars." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063482.

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High-strength reinforcing bars have high yield strengths. It is possible to reduce the number of reinforcing bars placed in a building. Accordingly, as the amount of reinforcement decreases, the spacing of reinforcing bars increases, workability improves, and the construction period shortens. To evaluate the structural performance of high-strength reinforcing bars and the joint performance of high-strength threaded reinforcing bars, flexural performance tests were performed in this study on 12 beam members with the compressive strength of concrete, the yield strength of the tensile reinforcing bars, and the tensile reinforcing bar ratio as variables. The yield strengths of the tensile reinforcement and joint methods were used as variables, and joint performance tests were performed for six beam members. Based on this study, the foundation for using high-strength reinforcing bars with a design standard yield strength equal to 600 MPa was established. Accordingly, mechanical joints of high-strength threaded reinforcing bars (600 and 670 MPa) can be used. All six specimens were destroyed under more than the expected nominal strength. Lap splice caused brittle fractures because it was not reinforced in stirrup. Increases of 21% to 47% in the loads of specimens using a coupler and a lock nut were observed. Shape yield represents destruction—a section must ensure sufficient ductility after yielding. Therefore, a coupler and lock nut are effective.

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Daunys, Mykolas, Donata Putnaitė, and Žilvinas Bazaras. "PRINCIPLES FOR MODELLING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES INVESTIGATION INTO THE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF AUTOMATIC COUPLER SA‐3 IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES." TRANSPORT 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.83-92.

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The paper presents the durability analysis of the automatic coupler in railway carriages. The loading of the automatic coupler predetermined by the weight of a train, train speed and railway relief is a time‐dependent variable. The finite element method was used for stress‐strain state calculation taking into account acting forces. In order to reduce stress concentration, the geometry of the automatic coupler's body was modified. Modelling results for different rounded radii demonstrated it was possible to reduce stress concentration up to 34%. Under maximum forces, plastic strain occurs in the automatic coupler's body. The calculation of strain and stress state in the body of the automatic coupler shows it is under a static, low and high cycle loading. Therefore, to calculate the durability of the automatic coupler, the dependencies for low cycle nonstationary stress limited loading has been proposed evaluating low cycle quasistatic and fatigue damages. In order to evaluate high cycle fatigue damage, a linear law for the summation of loading cycles has been suggested. For low cycle damage evaluation, the calculation method for the summation of fatigue and quasi‐static damages created at one loading cycle taking into account loading level and neglecting the sequence of cycles has been put forward. Thus, to calculate the automatic coupler for each specific case, it is necessary to determine the number of loading cycles at each loading level and to evaluate durability considering dependencies presented in this paper.

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Duan, Jie Li, En Chen Jiang, and Yu Hua Lu. "Tensile Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber / PVC Composites." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1512.

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The influencing effects of the content of wood fiber, particle size and content of titanate coupler on the tensile properties of wood fiber (include the pine powder and the rice husk powder )/PVC composites (WPC) were investigated. The results showed that the tensile modulus of WPC are increased, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of WPC are decreased slightly when the wood fiber changed from 30 to 60( phr method) . Between 150μm and 165μm in the size of the diameter, the tensile strength of WPC increased by 11.5%, however it is increased by 5% between 165μm and 315μm. The content of titanate coupler affected significantly, the tensile properties of WPC appeared first increased and then decreased when the content of titanate coupler is increased from 0 to 3.5 shares( phr method). Added the same content of pine powder or rice husk powder, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength of WPC which filled pine powder are bigger, but the elongation at break of WPC which filled rice husk powder are bigger.

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Okayama, Hideaki, Takeshi Kamijoh та Taiji Tsuruoka. "Reversed and UniformΔβ Directional Coupler Optical Switch with Periodically Changing Coupling Strength". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 3B (30 березня 2000): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.1512.

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Liu, C. Y., L. Y. Yu, W. Tian, and J. C. Tang. "Experiments of Laser Surface Engineering for the Green Remanufacturing of Railway Coupler." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.354.

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To achieve sustainable development and to solve the question of resource recycling and environment protection, green remanufacturing should be considered in the life cycle of the used railway rolling-stock components. These invalidated components resulting from fatigue and wear, such as coupler, could be remanufactured using laser surface hardening technology as the key processing. The objective was to harden the coupler backend pinhole interface, and to repair the layer with wear and fatigue crack on the wall of pinhole. Laser transformation hardening and laser melt-solidification hardening was used to the new manufacturing process to improve wear resistance of the surface of coupler backend pinhole. Laser surface cladding was used to repair lost material area for the reason of wear or fatigue, in order to offset the geometry size and satisfy the assembly relationship, and to increase the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the substrate. To the E class steel, typical coupler metal, the related laser process variables and materials were test and optimized. For the sake of verification these tests, related hardening area mechanical behaviors examinations including hardness, wear resistance, impact resistance and metallographic examinations were given. The result of the examinations show that the laser hardening area joins with the substrate being metallurgic join, and the behaviors examined were equal or best than the substrate. These means that laser surface hardening technology could be applied to the green remanufacturing of railway couplers as key processing.

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Sun, Hua. "Optimization Design of the Composite Hub Connection Structure Based on ANSYS Software Technology." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1068.

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This article through analysing coupler's structure, involute spline's stress situation, the tooth face contact intensity, the tooth root bending strength, the tooth root shearing strength, tooth face wear ability and the external spline reverse and curving bearing capacity carry on the precise computation and the examination, simultaneously a multianalysis bulge tight joint set of structure and the correlation computation examination, has established the shaft bossing compound coupler main spare part structure type. In this article based on the shaft bossing composite construction optimization design is targeted mainly flexibility swelling ring shape to optimize the design, change that flexibility swelling ring cone-cone angle, which makes flexible swelling ring Auxiliary T-twisting greater. In the analysis, it is necessary to use the software ANSYS, through the creation of the shaft bossing composite construction of the parametrization model, a flexible swelling ring cone-cone angle of the design variables and flexibility swelling ring allowable material stress as binding conditions, bulging with flexible support ring-twisting as the objective function of T,right propeller shaft coupler hub composite structure axisymmetric analysis, contact analysis and design optimization, inflation reached a flexible support ring largest T-twisting, work stress does not exceed the allowable material stress, elastic swelling ring-cone angle of the optimal solution.

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Zheng, Lian Qiong, Xue Feng Cai, and Jin Ping Zhuang. "Turnover Experimental Research on Anti-Slipping Performance of Steel Pipe Joints with Swivel Coupler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1374.

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A series Anti-slipping tests on steel pipe joints with swivel coupler were carried out in this paper. Sixteen specimens after turnover loaded, were tested to investigate the influence of variations in the Fastener tightening torque (Tr, from 20 to 40N•m), fastener turnover frequency (N, from 10 to 50) and turnover loading amplitude (△P, from 4.0 to 8.0kN) on the anti-slipping performance of steel pipe joints with swivel coupler. The experimental results showed that, the anti-slipping ultimate strength and stiffness of specimens were increased first and then decreased with increasing Tr or N, and decreased with increasing △P. The swivel coupler turnover should not exceed the number of 20, and the force of diagonal bracing bearing should less than 6 kN.

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Sun, Yening, Yao Wei, and Yi Tian. "Phenomenon Analysis and Improvement of Magnetic Shield Fringe Effect on Wireless Power Transmission of EV." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040252.

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An increment of magnetic field strength inevitably appears at the shield edge if a magnetic shield is made of a soft magnetic material, and that increment becomes more serious if this shield is combined with the chassis of an electrical vehicle (EV). This phenomenon is caused by the fringe effect, which limits the transfer efficiency of the coupler for the wireless power transmission (WPT) systems of EV. This phenomenon, and its relationships with some parameters, are analyzed in this paper, and these relationships are fitted to estimate the increment for different shield structures. A magnetic shield structure to reduce the increment of the magnetic field strength and improve coupler efficiency is herein proposed. The effectiveness and correctness of the fitting curves and the advantages of the proposed shield structure are demonstrated by finite element analyses results.

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Li, Ya Na, Chun Yan Wang, Yong Ming Li, Ben Teng Rao, and Lin Zhang. "Strength Calculation Based on Contact Nonlinear Analysis of Coupler Bolt with Three Methods." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.66.

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Bolts as the key connection parts are directly related to the safety of high-speed train. Contact nonlinear static strength of CRH (China Railway High-Speed) coupler bolt was analyzed on traction and compression load with ANSYS software. According to maximum stress of bolts was appeared on tension load, CRH bolt strength was evaluated and compared based on three methods: finite element analysis (FEA), "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 2230 standard (VDI 2230)" and “Mechanical Design Handbook”. The results show that the axial tensile stress is much greater than the shear stress and gradually increase with three methods.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Coupler strength"

Одинцова, Олександра Павлівна. "Безпігментні одношарові склоемалеві покриття для побутової техніки". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/33516.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 05.17.11 "Технологія тугоплавких неметалічних матеріалів". – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017. Дисертацію присвячено розробці безпігментних одношарових хімічно та термічно стійких темнозабарвлених склоемалевих покриттів для захисту побутової техніки, зокрема кухонних газових та електричних плит, що отримуються за технологією POESTA. Синтезовано основи отримання покриттів вказаного типу, згідно із якими розробляється скломатриця із заданими фізико-хімічними властивостями, на основі якої отримується склоемалева фрита шляхом введення в оптимізований склад скла комплексного активатору зчеплення, одночасно виконуючий роль активного забарвлюючого комплексу, який поєднує задані міцнісні характеристики безпігментних одношарових темнозабарвлених склоемалевих покриттів. Встановлено межі значень структурних факторів, які забезпечують міцну структуру кремнекисневого каркасу скла в системі R₂O (Na₂O+K₂O+Li₂O) – RO (CaO+BaO+SrO+MgO) – TiO₂ – ZrO₂ – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ і заданий рівень її структурнозалежних експлуатаційних властивостей за рахунок встановлених співвідношень склоутворювачів і модифікаторів. Розроблено склад і співвідношення комплексного активатора зчеплення із урахуванням його впливу на характеристики міцності системи "склоемаль – сталь", корозійну здатність склорозплаву та експлуатаційні властивості покриттів, який одночасно виконує роль активного забарвлюючого комплексу. Обрано іонний механізм забарвлення та встановлено колірні координати в ККС XYZ, RGB, L*a*b. Проведено промислові та лабораторно-промислові випробування на підприємствах та розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо використання результатів.
The dissertation on competion of a scientific degree of the candidate of engineering science on a speciality 05.17.11 "Technology of refractory nonmetallic materials". – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to the development of pigments free direct chemically and thermally resistant dark-colored glass-enamel coatings for the protection of household appliances, in particular kitchen gas and electric plates, obtained by the technology POESTA. The bases of obtaining the coatings of this type are synthesized, according to which the glass matrix is developed with the given physicochemical properties, on the basis of which glassmelee frit is obtained by introducing into the optimized composition of the MS complex agglomer activator, simultaneously performing the role of the active coloring complex which combines the specified strength characteristics of pigments free direct glass-enamel coatings with their dark coloring. The boundaries of the values of structural factors, which provide a solid structure of the silica-oxygen glass frame in the system R₂O (Na₂O+K₂O+Li₂O) – RO (CaO+BaO+SrO+MgO) – TiO₂ – ZrO₂ – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ and the specified level of its structurally dependent performance properties due to the established ratios of glass modifiers and modifiers. The composition and ratio of the complex coupler activator have been developed taking into account its influence on the strength characteristics of the glass-enamel-steel system, the corrosion capacity of the glass-fiber alloy and the operational properties of the coatings at the firing temperatures of 800 to 830 °C. Selected the ionic mechanism of color, which was realized by the components of the filling station, and the color coordinates are established in the XYZ, RGB, L*a*b, according to RAL. Industrial and laboratory-industrial tests were carried and practical recommendations for the use of development results are developed.

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Anderson, Elizabeth Maie. "Views of Females Participating in Strength Based Couples Therapy for Domestic Violence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35257.

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This study is a two part study of the experiences of women participating in conjoint treatment for domestic violence. The participants in the first part of the study included 11 clients, from whom information was gathered in 25 interviews. The second part of the study focused on three women. Their opinions were garnered in five interviews. Five of the women were in multi-couple group therapy and nine participated in from four to twelve sessions of conjoint couple therapy with their partners. This study focused on how female partners of male batterers experienced strength-based focused couples therapy as part of a research and development project for couples treatment of domestic violence. The concepts of safety, responsibility for the violence, power and control, validation and empowerment guided the researcher. The women related that having two therapists and pre- and post-session check-ins contributed to their sense of safety. Although the women reported that their mate taking responsibility for the violence was important, they thought the therapy's focus on their strengths kept their mates committed to attending therapy sessions. Women, who reported that their mates were taking more responsibility for their actions, attributed the change to their therapists being persistent in discussing the various forms of abusive behavior and in stressing accountability for individual behavior. Most of the women indicated that talking about what they had experienced and that gaining support from therapists and group members increased their power and ability to focus on their own needs. Women in the study stressed the importance of having some form of follow-up support to be able to practicing new skills with their partners. Based on the recommendations of the women in this study, the treatment of domestic violence should provide women safe outlets for expressing their feelings, acknowledgment of their experience and tools for resolving the conflicts in their relationship.
Master of Science

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Seru, Vikas Vineeth, and Venkata Ramana Murthy Polinati. "Modelling and Simulation of Hydrogen Diffusion in High Strength Steel." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21128.

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This research is about modelling and simulation of how the hydrogen diffuses in high strength steels. The hydrogen diffusion in the material was examined by using finite element software with the help of material properties and some existing data. For modelling and simulating the diffusion analysis in finite element software, a cylindrical type dog-bone shaped specimen was chosen. To determine the diffusion at the centre of specimen, a cross-sectional area of the material was selected to proceed for the analysis. Abaqus software was considered as finite element software to progress the hydrogen diffusion and tensile testing of the specimen. Diffusion analysis was studied under the analogy of heat transfer and also, diffusion analysis with the addition of mechanical load was studied under the analogy of coupled temperature displacement in the Abaqus software. This process has executed for two types of high strength steels 316L and 304L stainless steels. The crack is also considered for analysis to check how it affects the specimen. Further, The 316L and 304L stainless steel results were compared to review that which steel is better to withstand the hydrogen diffusion rate and mechanical load on the material.

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Noorian-Bidgoli, Majid. "Strength and deformability of fractured rocks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155719.

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This thesis presents a systematic numerical modeling framework to simulate the stress-deformation and coupled stress-deformation-flow processes by performing uniaxial and biaxial compressive tests on fractured rock models with considering the effects of different loading conditions, different loading directions (anisotropy), and coupled hydro-mechanical processes for evaluating strength and deformability behavior of fractured rocks. By using code UDEC of discrete element method (DEM), a series of numerical experiments were conducted on discrete fracture network models (DFN) at an established representative elementary volume (REV), based on realistic geometrical and mechanical data of fracture systems from field mapping at Sellafield, UK. The results were used to estimate the equivalent Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio and to fit the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown failure criteria, represented by equivalent material properties defining these two criteria. The results demonstrate that strength and deformation parameters of fractured rocks are dependent on confining pressures, loading directions, water pressure, and mechanical and hydraulic boundary conditions. Fractured rocks behave nonlinearly, represented by their elasto-plastic behavior with a strain hardening trend. Fluid flow analysis in fractured rocks under hydro-mechanical loading conditions show an important impact of water pressure on the strength and deformability parameters of fractured rocks, due to the effective stress phenomenon, but the values of stress and strength reduction may or may not equal to the magnitude of water pressure, due to the influence of fracture system complexity. Stochastic analysis indicates that the strength and deformation properties of fractured rocks have ranges of values instead of fixed values, hence such analyses should be considered especially in cases where there is significant scatter in the rock and fracture parameters. These scientific achievements can improve our understanding of fractured rocks’ hydro-mechanical behavior and are useful for the design of large-scale in-situ experiments with large volumes of fractured rocks, considering coupled stress-deformation-flow processes in engineering practice.

QC 20141111

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Hardy, Nathan Ray. "Strengthen yourself, strengthen your relationships – a self-development based marriage and relationship education program: development and initial pilot-testing." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20359.

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Doctor of Philosophy
School of Family Studies and Human Services
Jared R. Anderson
Marriage and relationship education (MRE) is most commonly delivered in a skills-based format that traditionally centers on teaching couples communication skills. Critiques against the current skills-development approach lead to the development and pilot-testing of an alternative self-development curriculum entitled, “Strengthen Yourself, Strengthen Your Relationships.” Guided by Bowen’s (1978) theory of differentiation, the current study randomly assigned forty couples to the self-development (differentiation) curriculum condition or to a relationship assessment plus feedback condition. Repeated measures ANOVA’s, independent samples t-tests, and regressions were used to analyze the data from pre- to post-test (5 weeks), post-test to follow-up (4 weeks), and pre-test to follow-up (9 weeks). Statistical analyses indicate that women responded more favorably to the feedback condition in terms of differentiation, relationship self-regulation, and problem solving, whereas men responded more favorably to the curriculum condition in terms of relationship self-regulation. Feedback about the curriculum was gathered from participants and was received favorably. Implications from the study suggest that both approaches may have unique value for couples receiving relationship education. Future research should further develop and evaluate the self-development approach in MRE.

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De, Vries Tielke Anna Eveline. "Cross-cultural differences: the experiences, challenges and strengths for partners in committed interacial relationships." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008193.

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The topic of interpersonal relationships and the factors that enhance the longevity and strength of these have been well documented. Whilst there has been a steady increase in the occurrence of interracial relationships, it has not been matched by an increase in studies on the phenomenon and indeed very little empirical attention has been given to these relationships. Leslie and Letiecq (2004) highlight that the existing research on the phenomenon focuses primarily on the reasons individuals select partners outside of their own racial group. As interracial marriages are reportedly more vulnerable to divorce than marriages among same-race individuals, it seems important to examine the dynamics and quality of interracial relationships (Leslie & Letiecq, 2004). The goal of the study was therefore to explore the cross-cultural differences that inform the experiences, challenges, and strengths for partners in committed interracial relationships. In this qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study, the author has explored and described the specific cross-cultural differences that the couple has encountered in their relationship and the impact that these differences have had on the quality of their relationship. Furthermore the study aimed to explore and describe the strengths the couple has drawn from these cross-cultural differences to enhance the quality of their relationship. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques has been utilised to identify interracial couples who have been in a committed monogamous relationship of at least one year. The sample consisted of eleven individuals. Semi-structured individual interviews were utilised as the data collection tool, and Tesch‟s model of data analysis (in Creswell, 1998) has been employed. This model of data analysis consists of eight steps that have been used to analyse the data. Five themes emerged from the study: (1) cultural difference factors, (2) negative factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (3) positive factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (4) factors relating to cultural differences that strengthen the relationship and (5) recommendations to other interracial couples. The findings of the study make a meaningful contribution to couple counselling interventions for interracial couples, and also add to the body of knowledge on this sparsely researched topic.

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Kalnasy, Michelle Lynn. "Fighting the Stereotypes| How Black-White Interracial Couples Strengthen and Maintain their Relationships." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668670.

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Despite increased numbers of intercultural couples in the United States, data shows that the pairing of non-Hispanic Black-White interracial couples falls short on all scales (Pew Research Center, 2012). The number of cohabitating interracial couples is almost double the number of married interracial couples; however, they have the lowest rates of marriage and are more likely to divorce when compared to all other intercultural couples. To determine what non-Hispanic Black-White interracial couples must do to strengthen and maintain their relationships, this study interviewed seven cohabitating couples. The qualitative analysis revealed five themes: Culture, Secure Attachment, Communication, Authenticity, and Humor. The themes and implications for couple therapy and future research are also discussed.

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Gagnon, Joel Edward. "Genesis of hydrothermal high field strength element mineral deposits : evidence from laser ablation--inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100367.

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High field strength elements (HFSE) are geologically and economically important. These elements were once thought to be immobile during metasomatic processes, however, a growing body of empirical evidence indicates that HFSE can be mobilized under certain conditions. Despite this evidence, little is known about the factors controlling solubility, transport and deposition of HFSE by aqueous fluids, apart from some theoretical estimates and rare experimental studies. Therefore, the study of natural systems (e.g., HFSE ore deposits) provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate HFSE mobility by aqueous fluids. Five localities where evidence of hydrothermal transport of HFSE has been previously documented were included in this study: Gallinas Mountains, New Mexico; South Platte, Colorado; Rock Canyon Creek, British Columbia; St. Lawrence, Newfoundland; and Strange Lake, Quebec/Labrador. Minerals and, in the case of South Platte, fluid inclusions from these localities were analyzed using petrography and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to evaluate the source of the HFSE and the hydrothermal fluids responsible for HFSE transport, and factors controlling HFSE and gangue mineral (e.g., fluorite, quartz) precipitation. Analysis of some of the important gangue minerals, which are also the primary host of fluid inclusions in many of these deposits (e.g., fluorite), is difficult using 266 nm Nd:YAG-based LA-ICPMS. Furthermore, complex mineral intergrowths and the desire to quantify the chemical composition of unknown minerals required the development of analytical and data reduction protocols for LA-ICPMS. Methods for conducting traversed opening of fluid inclusions, removing the host mineral contribution to fluid inclusion signals by calculating count rate ratios, and quantifying the composition of minerals without using an internal standard are presented. In general, hydrothermal enrichment of HFSE in these deposits appears to have resulted from interaction of an HFSE- and F-bearing magmatic fluid with another, Ca-bearing fluid or with Ca-bearing wall rocks or preexisting minerals. In most cases, HFSE appear to be derived locally, within the associated igneous intrusion.

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Tranel, Lisa Marie. "Evaluation of Coupled Erosional Processes and Landscape Evolution in the Teton Range, Wyoming." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38693.

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The evolution of mountain landscapes is controlled by complex interactions between large-scale tectonic, surficial and climate conditions. Dominant processes are attributed to creating characteristic features of the landscape, but topographic features are the cumulative result of coupled surficial processes, each locally effective in a different climate or elevation regime. The focus of erosion by glacial, fluvial, or mass wasting processes is highly sensitive to small changes in boundary conditions, therefore spatial and temporal variability can be high when observed over short time scales. This work evaluated methods for dissecting the history of complex alpine landscapes to understand the role of individual processes influenced by changing climate and underlying bedrock. It also investigated how individual and combined mechanisms of surficial processes influenced the evolution of topography in the Teton Range in Wyoming. Detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology and cosmogenic radionuclide erosion rates were applied to determine spatial and temporal variability of erosion in the central catchments of the range. Spatial variability existed between the glacial and fluvial systems, indicating that sediment erosion and deposition by these processes was controlled by short-term variability in climate conditions. Effective glacial incision also controlled other processes, specifically enhancing rock fall activity and inhibiting fluvial incision. Short-term erosion rates were highly variable and were controlled by stochastic processes, particularly hillslope failures in response to slope oversteepening due to glacial incision and orientation and spacing of bedrock fractures. Erosion rates averaged over 10 ky time scales were comparable to long-term exhumation rates measured in the Teton Range. The similarity of spatial erosion patterns to predicted uniform erosion and the balance between intermediate and long-term erosion rates suggests the landscape of the Teton Range is approaching steady-state, but frequent stochastic processes, short-term erosional variability and coupled processes maintain rugged topographic relief.
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Книги з теми "Coupler strength"

James, P. P. A technique for the evaluation of strength of coupling between SEA subsystems: experiments with two coupled plates and two coupled rooms. Southampton, England: University of Southampton, Institute of Sound & Vibration Research, 1995.

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One plus one equals three-- pairing man/woman strengths: Role models of teamwork. Rochester, N.Y: Friends of the Finger Lakes Publishing, 1998.

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Harig, Ludwig. Hundert Gedichte: Alexandrinische Sonette, Terzinen, Couplets and andere Verse in strenger Form. München: Hanser, 1988.

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Bosworth, Barry. Implications of the Bush Commission pension reforms for married couples. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, 2003.

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Halford, Kim, Jemima Petch, and Karina Bate. Empirically Based Couple Relationship Education. Edited by Erika Lawrence and Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.005.

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Couple relationship education (CRE) is the provision of structured education intended to promote healthy couple relationships and prevent future relationship distress. CRE usually is brief, ranging in length from a single session (involving an assessment of the relationship with discussion of current strengths and challenges) to 12 to 14 hours of a skill-training curriculum. Research indicates that 10 or more hours of curriculum-based CRE produces short-term improvements in couple communication and relationship satisfaction; these findings have been well replicated. Though there is less research investigating the long-term effects of CRE, the available evidence suggests there is a benefit of CRE for couples at elevated risk of future relationship problems. Future research needs to further clarify which couples benefit from CRE, refine how CRE curriculum is tailored to address couples’ relationship needs, and enhance the reach of CRE to increase its community impact.

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Empowering Couples Building on Your Strengths. Life Innovations Inc, 2000.

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Daily Strength for Couples: A 365-Day Devotional. Broadstreet Publishing, 2021.

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Daily Strength for Couples: A 365-Day Devotional. Minnesota, USA: Broadstreet Publishing, 2021.

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Baum, Susan, and Robin Schader. Using a Positive Lens. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.003.0003.

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Getting to know students through their positive attributes, along with any obstacles to their success, can lead to academic, social, and behavioral growth. Defining twice exceptional (2e) as those whose high abilities are coupled with learning and/or behavioral challenges, this chapter illustrates 2e using the metaphor of green. This provides a fresh representation what being 2e means and also highlights why conventional educational plans may not be as effective as desired. To engage 2e students, the chapter introduces a practical, dynamic process––The Suite of Tools™—which allows educators to collect information about students’ strengths, talents, and interests and synthesize the information into a strength-based framework. Such information results in the development of personalized options to leverage strengths and interests for skill development, integrate strengths into the curriculum, and develop a personalized menu of talent development opportunities.

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The Couple Checkup: Find Your Relationship Strengths. Thomas Nelson Inc, 2012.

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McEachern, Montinique, Deborah Coolhart, and Dyane Watson. "Illuminating Strengths." In Handbook of LGBTQ-Affirmative Couple and Family Therapy, 75–88. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429274626-8.

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Sun, Ji Chao, Quan Chen Gao, Hai Biao Wang, and Ying Ming Li. "Numerical Simulation of Coupled Rainfall and Temperature of Unsaturated Soils." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1433–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1433.

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Hwang, Jung Ho, Heung Seob Kim, Young Choi, Seong Beom Lee, and Ki Weon Kang. "Finite Element Analysis of the Repeated Braking with 3-D Coupled Model." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 637–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.637.

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Naka, Masaaki, and Julius C. Schuster. "Interfacial Structure and Strength of Ceramic/Metal Couples." In Materials Science Forum, 105–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-980-6.105.

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Semba, Kouichi. "Emerging Ultrastrong Coupling Between Light and Matter Observed in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics." In International Symposium on Mathematics, Quantum Theory, and Cryptography, 7–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5191-8_3.

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Abstract The strength of the coupling between an atom and a single electromagnetic field mode is defined as the ratio of the vacuum Rabi frequency to the Larmor frequency, and is determined by a small dimensionless physical constant, the fine structure constant $$\alpha =Z_{vac} / 2R_{K}$$. On the other hand, the quantum circuit including Josephson junctions behaving as artificial atoms and it can be coupled to the electromagnetic field with arbitrary strength (Devoret et al. 2007). Therefore, the circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) is extremely suitable for studying much stronger light-matter interaction.

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Young, Dae S. "Geostatistics Coupled with Physics Model for ELF Signal Strength Analysis." In Geostatistics, 469–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6844-9_36.

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Sobhaniaragh, B., S. H. Afzalimir, and C. Ruggieri. "Hydrogen Degradation Effects on Crack Propagation in High-Strength Steels: A Fully Coupled Approach." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 165–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9893-7_11.

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Helm, M., W. Hilber, T. Fromherz, F. M. Peeters, K. Alavi, and R. N. Pathak. "Intersubband Absorption in Strongly Coupled Superlattices: Miniband Dispersion, Critical Points, and Oscillator Strengths." In Quantum Well Intersubband Transition Physics and Devices, 291–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1144-7_23.

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Lu, Zhengran, Yongqin Wen, Liang Zhao, Tong Liu, Chongyang Li, Chao Guo, and Wei Wang. "Research on the strength of structural Steel Tubes and Coupler Scaffolds." In Progress in Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering IV, 73–77. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19383-17.

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"Life Cycle Crises: Sources of Strain and Strength in Relationships." In Couples Therapy, Multiple Perspectives, 111–28. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315801278-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Coupler strength"

"Research on Low Temperature and Early Strength of Cementitious Grout for Sleeve Coupler of Reinforcement Splicing." In "SP-329: Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete Proceedings Twelfth International Conference, Beijing, China". American Concrete Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51711227.

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Wei, Fangfang, Arun Kumar Mallik, Dejun Liu, Wei Han, Xiaokang Lian, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu, Gang-Ding Peng, and Yuliya Semenova. "Simultaneous measurement of both magnetic field strength and temperature with a microfiber coupler based fiber laser sensor." In 25th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, edited by Youngjoo Chung, Wei Jin, Byoungho Lee, John Canning, Kentaro Nakamura, and Libo Yuan. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2263678.

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Quarnstrom, Joel, and Yujiang Xiang. "Design a Four-Bar Linkage for Upper Limb Muscle Rehabilitation Exercise: A Simulation Study." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22121.

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Abstract In this study, a four-bar linkage with coupler point is designed to guide the arm motion exercise for muscle strength rehabilitation. The hand grasps the coupler point during rotation. The coupler point can generate different shape of trajectories by changing the coupler point’s relative location and the linkage’s dimensions. The rotating coupler point is used to guide the user’s hand to exercise arm muscles for rehabilitation. A two-dimensional (2D) musculoskeletal arm model is used to simulate the arm motion. The inverse-dynamics-based optimization method is used for trajectory reconstruction to determine the joint torque and muscle forces. The effect of different shapes of coupler point trajectory on specific muscle force excise is investigated, such as kidney shape, heart shape, and woven shape trajectories.

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Almeida, C., F. Conde, P. Coelho, and T. Pratas. "Stiffness and Strength-Based Lightweight Design of Truss Structures using Multi-Material Topology Optimization." In 9th edition of the International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/coupled.2021.052.

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Carolan, Michael, David Tyrell, and A. Benjamin Perlman. "Performance Efficiency of a Crash Energy Management System." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40064.

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Previous work has led to the development of a crash energy management (CEM) system designed to distribute crush throughout unoccupied areas of a passenger train in a collision event. This CEM system is comprised of crush zones at the front and rear ends of passenger railcars. With a consist made up of CEM-equipped cars, the structural crush due to a collision can be distributed along the length of the train, crushing only unoccupied areas and improving the train’s crashworthy speed as compared with a conventional train in a similar collision. This paper examines the effectiveness of one particular CEM system design for passenger rail cars. The operating parameters of the individual components of the CEM system are varied, and this paper analyzes the effects of these variations on the behavior of the consist during a collision. The intention is to determine what modifications to the components, if any, could improve the crashworthiness of passenger railcars beyond the baseline CEM design without introducing new hazards to passengers. A one-dimensional, lumped-mass model of a passenger train impacting a heavy freight train was used in this investigation. Using this model of a collision, the force-crush behavior for each end of each car in the impacting consist was varied. The same force-crush characteristic was applied to each car end on the passenger train. The four components of the CEM system investigated were the draft gear, pushback coupler, primary energy absorbers, and occupied volume of the train car. The paper presents selected parameters of particular interest, such as the strength ratio of the primary energy absorber to the pushback coupler and the average strength of the occupied volume. The objective of this work was to ascertain the sensitivities of the various parameters on the crashworthy speed and to help optimize the force-crush characteristic. This investigation determined that modifications could be made to the baseline characteristic to improve the train’s crashworthy speed without creating new hazards to occupants.

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Wilson, Bruce, and David Tyrell. "Reducing the Harm in Rail Crashes: Analysis of Injury Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5811.

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Twenty-three commuter and inter-city passenger train accidents, which occurred over the past twenty years, have been analyzed. The analysis has assessed the potential effectiveness of various injury mitigation strategies. The strategies with the greatest potential to increase passenger safety are interior occupant protection, coupler integrity, end structure integrity, side structure integrity, and glazing system integrity. We recommend that these strategies be researched further. Three types of accidents were analyzed: train-to-train collisions, derailments, and grade-crossing collisions. Train-to-train collisions include the commuter train-freight train collision in Chatsworth, California on September 12, 2008. In Chatsworth a commuter train collided with a freight train at a closing speed of ∼80 mph, fatally injuring twenty-five people and injuring more than 100 others. Derailments include the commuter train derailment in Spuyten Duyvil, New York on December 1, 2013, fatally injuring four people and injuring more than fifty others. Grade-crossing accidents include the commuter-SUV collision in Valhalla, New York on February 3, 2015, which resulted in six fatally injured people, including the SUV driver, and thirteen severely injured people. Four categories of mitigation strategies were considered: train crashworthiness, wayside structure crashworthiness, fire safety, and emergency preparedness. Within each of these categories are equipment features, which may potentially be modified to further mitigate injuries. The features are simple noun phrases, e.g., “floor strength,” implying that the floor strength should be increased. Train crashworthiness includes features such as end strength, floor strength, coupler separation, and numerous others. Wayside structure crashworthiness includes features such as frangible catenary poles and third rail end caps. Fire safety includes train interior and train exterior features for minimizing the potential for fire and for reducing the rate at which fire might spread. Emergency preparedness includes features for emergency egress, access, lighting, signage, and on-board equipment, such as fire extinguishers. Overall, rail passenger travel has a high level of safety, and passenger train accidents are rare events. The numbers are low for expected casualties per passenger-mile and casualties per passenger-trip. A high level of safety, however, does not mean efforts to improve it should cease. But it does mean that crashes are rare events. Rare events in complex systems are notoriously difficult to analyze with confidence. There are too few accidents to provide the data needed for even a moderate degree of mathematical confidence in statistical analysis. Analyses of similar data in medical and scientific fields have been shown to be prone to the biases of the researchers, sometimes in subtle and difficult-to-detect ways. As a means of coping with the sparse data and potential biases, the goal has been to evaluate the accidents transparently and comprehensively. This approach allows a wide audience to understand how injuries and fatalities occur in passenger train accidents and, most importantly, allows us to prioritize mitigation strategies for research.

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Kim, Yeun-mi, Hye-jin Kim, and Eun-kwang Yoo. "A Comparative Study on Couple Role performance, Depression and Family Strength of Multi-cultural Couples." In Healthcare and Nursing 2016. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.128.42.

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Carolan, Michael, and Michelle Priante Muhlanger. "Update on Alternative Occupant Volume Testing." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36020.

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This paper describes the conduct of the first of a series of quasi-static compression tests of rail passenger equipment being done to examine occupant volume strength. Specifically, this program is investigating methods of evaluating occupant volume integrity when loads are placed along the collision load path of the occupant volume. Budd Pioneer car 244 has been chosen as the test article to examine alternative occupant volume loading strategies. Since this car has been involved in several impact tests as part of a previous research program, it is important to verify the structural integrity of the vehicle before conducting an alternative loading test. Although the vehicle has been modified with crash energy management crush zones at both ends, the occupant volume between the body bolsters is unmodified from the original structure. The 800,000-pound compressive strength test will be used to ensure the structural integrity of the car is intact. Before the conduct of this test, repairs were made to the crush zone. These repairs included replacement of trigger elements in the form of shear bolts and shear rivets. Additionally, energy absorbing elements were removed from the pushback coupler and primary energy absorbers because they would not contribute to the load path of this test. Steel blocks were added to the sliding sill element, enabling it to contact the fixed sill and enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the sliding-fixed sill connection. Preliminary results of this test include an overall description of the test procedures, discussion of permanent deformation observed during the test, and presentation of finite-element simulation results. Detailed analysis of test results, including strain gage data, is ongoing. The test results are being compared with the finite-element model results in support of the next tests planned for this series. The next two tests will evaluate the carbody when it is loaded along its collision load path to establish the elastic limit and crippling strength.

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Jacky, Massaglia, Roy B. Shilling, Mike Payne, Celine Sches, Jean Leyer, and Eustace J. Pinto. "High Strength Threaded and Coupled Connectors for Dynamic Risers." In International Oil Conference and Exhibition in Mexico. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/108708-ms.

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Gushchin, Andrey, Enrique Mallada, and Ao Tang. "Synchronization of phase-coupled oscillators with plastic coupling strength." In 2015 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ita.2015.7309003.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Coupler strength"

Wood, Mitchell, Mitchell Wood, James Stewart, James Stewart, Joseph Olles, and Joseph Olles. Coupled Experiment and Theory to Explore the Limits of Material Strength at High Strain Rates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569652.

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Wright, Timothy. Hypersonic Missile Proliferation: An Emerging European Problem. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/qvhv3959.

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The supposed benefits of hypersonic missile technology and the reconsideration of the European security landscape following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine may act as a catalyst for multiple European states to acquire or develop high-speed systems. Although these systems are currently challenging to develop, trends in other missile technology point towards a gradual diffusion of explicit and tacit knowledge that ultimately lowers production costs, resulting in greater affordability and accessibility. Coupled with inefficient non-proliferation barriers and the gradual erosion of the cold war arms control architecture, it is likely that these systems will be fielded by several European countries in the next 10 to 15 years. Reflecting this projection, this paper considers in detail various European hypersonic missile programmes and explains the applications of these systems and their possible implications for European stability, including existing technical and policy barriers that impede proliferation. In unravelling these, the paper proposes how policymakers can strengthen these mechanisms, achieve deterrence without undermining stability and better manage this emerging security issue.

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.

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Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of indicators. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2018.1009.

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Expanding access to and use of voluntary family planning (FP) services is a well-established global health goal–it is a specific target under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of good health and well-being, an integral component of Every Woman Every Child (EWEC), and the overall objective of the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, among other initiatives. | One promising approach for achieving global voluntary FP goals is performance-based financing (PBF), which deploys financial incentives to the health system to improve service availability, utilization, and quality as well as addressing some public financial management bottlenecks by directly targeting resources to facilities based on performance. | Setting global voluntary FP goals implies following a rights-based approach to family planning, which uses a set of standards and principles to guide program assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation that enables individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children, to have the information and services to do so, and to be treated equitably and free of discrimination. | While both PBF, which uses financial disbursements to incentivize health service delivery and quality, and rights-based programming have informed efforts to strengthen and scale FP services, there are gaps in understanding the linkages between PBF and a rights-based approach (RBA) to FP services. To address this gap, a review of PBF operations manuals was undertaken together with an analysis of PBF indicators relevant to FP services. This and another report (Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice, and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of PBF operational manuals) assess whether existing FP indicators are sensitive to the principles associated with an RBA.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice, and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of PBF operational manuals. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2018.1010.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Expanding access to and use of voluntary family planning (FP) services is a well-established global health goal- it is a specific target under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of good health and well-being, an integral component of Every Woman Every Child (EWEC), and the overall objective of the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, among other initiatives. | One promising approach for achieving global voluntary FP goals is performance-based financing (PBF), which deploys financial incentives to the health system to improve service availability, utilization, and quality as well as addressing some public financial management bottlenecks by directly targeting resources to facilities based on performance. | Setting global voluntary FP goals implies following a rights-based approach to family planning, which uses a set of standards and principles to guide program assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation that enables individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children, to have the information and services to do so, and to be treated equitably and free of discrimination. | While both PBF, which uses financial disbursements to incentivize health service delivery and quality, and rights-based programming have informed efforts to strengthen and scale FP services, there are gaps in understanding the linkages between PBF and a rights-based approach (RBA) to FP services. To address this gap, a review of performance-based financing (PBF) operations manuals was undertaken together with an analysis of PBF indicators relevant to FP services. This and another report (Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of indicators) assess whether existing FP indicators are sensitive to the principles associated with an RBA.

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