Статті в журналах: "Coumaroyl quinic acid"

1

Strack, Dieter, Wiltrud Gross, Jürgen Heilemann, Harald Keller, and Sabine Ohm. "Enzymic synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid esters of glucaric acid and hydroaromatic acids from the respective 1-O-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside and hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme a thioester as acyldonors with a protein preparation from cestrum elegáns leaves." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1988): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-1-209.

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Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activities which catalyze the formation of O-hydroxycinnamoyl- (p-coumaroyl-, feruloyl-, and sinapoyl-)-glucaric acids via the corresponding 1-O-hydroxycinnamoyl- β-glucoses, and O-(p-coumaroyl)-quinic acid and O-(p-coumaroyl)-shikimic acid both via p-coumaroyl-CoA thioester have been isolated from leaves of Cestrum elegáns D. F. L. v. Schlechtendal. The enzymic activities involved could be classified as 1-O-hydroxycinnamoyl-βglucose : glucaric acid hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.- ) and p-coumaroyl-CoA : quinic acid/shikimic acid hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1. - ). This is the first time that both the O-glucoside- and the S-CoA-dependent activities in phenolic acid-ester formation were found to be present in the same plant

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2

Iwashina, Tsukasa, Hiroshi Tobe, Takahisa Nakane, Takayuki Mizuno, and Tanguy Jaffré. "Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds From the Parasitic Gymnosperm Parasitaxus usta Endemic to New Caledonia." Natural Product Communications 17, no. 1 (January 2022): 1934578X2110697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211069706.

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Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae) is the only parasitic gymnosperm and endemic to New Caledonia. In this survey, 11 flavonoids and 6 phenolic compounds were isolated from the aerial parts. As for flavonoids, six flavones, apigenin 7- O-glucoside (1), luteolin (2), luteolin 7- O-glucoside (3), chrysoeriol (4), chrysoeriol 7- O-glucoside (5) and tricetin 3′- O-glucoside (6), one C-glycosylflavone, orientin (7), one flavonol, quercetin 3- O-glucoside (8), one anthocyanin, cyanidin 3- O-glucoside (9), and two biflavones, isoginkgetin (10) and agathisflavone (11) were identified by UV, liquid chromatograph–mass spectra (LC-MS), acid hydrolysis, NMR and/or HPLC comparisons with authentic samples. On the other hand, six phenolic compounds were identified as 5- O- E- p-coumaroyl quinic acid (12), 5- O- Z- p-coumaroyl quinic acid (13), 5- O- E- p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (14), 5- O- Z- p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (15), E-caffeic acid methyl ester 3- O-β-glucopyranoside (16), and Z-caffeic acid methyl ester 3- O-β-glucopyranoside (17) by UV, LC-MS and NMR. Chemical components of P usta were reported in this survey for the first time. Their chemical characters were chemotaxonomically compared with those of other Podocarpaceae species.

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Liu, Changhua, Atikanmu Wahefu, Xueying Lu, Rahima Abdulla, Jun Dou, Haiqing Zhao, Haji Akber Aisa, Xuelei Xin, and Yongqiang Liu. "Chemical Profiling of Kaliziri Injection and Quantification of Six Caffeoyl Quinic Acids in Beagle Plasma by LC-MS/MS." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15060663.

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Vitiligo is a stubborn multifactorial skin disease with a prevalence of approximately 1% in the global population. Kaliziri, the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., is a well-known traditional Uyghur medicine for the treatment of vitiligo. Kaliziri injections is a Chinese-marketed treatment approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of vitiligo. The significant effects of Kaliziri injection have been thoroughly studied. However, chemical components studies and plasma quantification studies are lacking for Kaliziri injection. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed to comprehensively characterize the caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives present in Kaliziri injection. Based on accurate mass measurements, key fragmental ions and comparisons with reference standards, 60 caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives were identified in Kaliziri injections, including caffeoyl quinic acids, coumaroyl caffeoyl quinic acids, dicaffeoyl quinic acids, feruloyl caffeoyl quinic acids, and dicaffeoyl quinic acid hexosides. Moreover, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of 5-caffeoyl quinic acid, 4-caffeoyl quinic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in beagle plasma. The quantitative HPLC-MS/MS method was applied to quantify these six major caffeoyl quinic acids in beagle plasma after the subcutaneous administration of Kaliziri injection. All of the six analytes reached their peak plasma of concentrations within 30 min.

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4

Di Matteo, Giacomo, Mattia Spano, Cristina Esposito, Cristina Santarcangelo, Alessandra Baldi, Maria Daglia, Luisa Mannina, Cinzia Ingallina, and Anatoly P. Sobolev. "NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020289.

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The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), p-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, p-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation.

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5

Lee, Yu Geon, Jeong-Yong Cho, Chan-Mi Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Wol-Soo Kim, Tae-Il Jeon, Keun-Hyung Park, and Jae-Hak Moon. "Coumaroyl quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids from immature pear (Pyrus pyrifolia nakai) fruit." Food Science and Biotechnology 22, no. 3 (June 2013): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0148-z.

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6

Gu, Fenglin, Guiping Wu, Yiming Fang, and Hongying Zhu. "Nontargeted Metabolomics for Phenolic and Polyhydroxy Compounds Profile of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Products Based on LC-MS/MS Analysis." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081985.

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In the present study, nontargeted metabolomics was used to screen the phenolic and polyhydroxy compounds in pepper products. A total of 186 phenolic and polyhydroxy compounds, including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, catechin derivatives, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones and 3-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid O-hexoside, quinic acid (polyhydroxy compounds), etc. For the selected 50 types of phenolic compound, except malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (malvin), l-epicatechin and 4′-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone, other compound contents were present in high contents in freeze-dried pepper berries, and pinocembrin was relatively abundant in two kinds of pepper products. The score plots of principal component analysis indicated that the pepper samples can be classified into four groups on the basis of the type pepper processing. This study provided a comprehensive profile of the phenolic and polyhydroxy compounds of different pepper products and partly clarified the factors responsible for different metabolite profiles in ongoing studies and the changes of phenolic compounds for the browning mechanism of black pepper.

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7

Fialova, Silvia, Lucia Veizerova, Viera Nosalova, Katarina Drabikova, Daniela Tekelova, Daniel Grancai, and Ruzena Sotnikova. "Water Extract of Mentha × villosa: Phenolic Fingerprint and Effect on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 6 (June 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000636.

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Qualitative analysis of the water extract of Mentha x villosa Huds. leaves was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and quantitative analysis was made by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (LC-DAD). Sixteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified consisting of 8 phenolic acids/derivatives and 8 flavonoid glycosides (quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroyl-hexoside, caffeic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, luteolin-7- O-glucuronide, luteolin-7- O-glucoside, luteolin-7- O-rutinoside, eriodictyol-7- O-rutinoside, apigenin-7- O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide, chrysoeriol-7- O-rutinoside, and hesperetin-7- O-rutinoside). Luteolin-7- O-rutinoside (25.6 ± 0.7 mg/g dry extract) and rosmarinic acid (17.9 ± 0.4 mg/g dry extract) were the most abundant. High antioxidant activity of this phenolic-rich water extract was confirmed in vitro by DPPH and ABTS tests and ex vivo in the ischemia-reperfusion injured rat superior mesenteric artery. Thus, the water extract of M. x villosa leaves seems to be a promising agent in prevention of tissue injury caused by oxidative stress.

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8

B., Hansda, Mahato G., Bera A., and Banerjee N. "Identification And Characterization Of Phenolic Compounds In Root Extract Of Two Ethnomedicinal Plants Curculigo Orchioides And Asparagus Racemosus." International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.1.l138-147.

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Since early ancient period human being are searching for new drugs with better therapeutic potentials. Traditional medicines are very important because it provide the right direction to the researcher to discover new plant based products against some specific problem and the knowledge has been passed through generation after generation. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.and Asparagus racemosus Willd. both plants have immune stimulatory properties and are widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of various diseases. The main aim of the present study is to identify the secondary metabolites found in methanolic root extracts of C. orchioides and A. racemosus. Extraction was carried out through standard procedures and the analysis of plant extracts was carried out by using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique in positive and/or negative ionization mode. LC MS study tentatively identified 15 and 19 secondary metabolites from Curculigo orchioides and Asparagus racemosus respectively. Amongst these some were simple phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. Some others were phenolic acid esters such as chlorogenic acid, di caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid and some flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, catechin and apigenin were also tentatively identified. Two phenolics caffeic acid and caffeoyl hexoside were further confirmed by MS MS study. This study supports the ethnobotanical claims done by traditional healers of Purulia and Midnapore districts. Characterized phytochemicals were mainly phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Assured levels of phenolics along with other plant constituents in the studied plants supports the ethnobotanical claim done by traditional healers. Further research is needed on structural analysis and bioactivity assay of the identified compounds.

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9

Ban, Eu-Jin, Ju-Hyung Kim, So-Jin Lee, Dong-Jun Lee, Jae-Hak Moon та Jeong-Yong Cho. "Isolation and Identification of β-Glucogallin, Coumaroyl Quinic Acid Derivative, and Flavonol Triglycosides as Antioxidants from Green Tea". Korean Tea Society 26, № 2 (30 червня 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29225/jkts.2020.26.2.57.

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10

Fuchs, Claus, and Gerhard Spiteller. "Rapid and Easy Identification of Isomers of Coumaroyl- and Caffeoyl-D-quinic Acid by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 31, no. 6 (June 1996): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199606)31:6<602::aid-jms338>3.0.co;2-9.

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11

Liu, Hongxia, Lefei Wang, Mingyue Xu, Benliang Deng, Hui Liu, and Xusheng Zhao. "Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0243.

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Abstract Based on metabolomics, the metabolites of Jujube leaves LS1 (one bud and two leaves), LS2 (one bud and three leaves), and LS3 (one bud and four leaves) were taken and examined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. There were 22 substance categories that were identified. Principal component analysis was also utilized to distinguish the metabolomics at the three different foliar ages, and the results suggested that the samples at different foliar ages were clearly separated, demonstrating that the metabolites in the three foliar ages were significantly different. Through the screening of differential metabolites and hierarchical clustering analysis, our results suggested that the composition and the content distribution of the differential metabolites at three different foliar ages were significantly different. In the LS1, delphinidin, N-hydroxy tryptamine, serotonin, methylquercetin O-hexoside, tricin 7-O-hexoside, and eriodictyol C-hexoside were identified as the distinctive compounds. In the LS2, N-caffeoyl agmatine, lysoPC 18:3 (2n isomer), N-(4′-O-glycosyl)-p-coumaroyl-agmatine, dihydromyricetin, and hydroxy-methoxycinnamate were identified as the distinctive compounds. Similarly, the 3-O-p-coumaroyl-quinic acid, O-feruloyl 4-hydroxylcoumarin, isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin O-acetylhexoside, and DIMBOA glucoside were identified as the distinctive compounds in LS3. These characteristic compounds could provide a strong theoretical basis for rapid identification of jujube leaves at different foliar ages.

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12

Chen, Fujia, Xiaohua Long, Zhaopu Liu, Hongbo Shao, and Ling Liu. "Analysis of Phenolic Acids of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) Responding to Salt-Stress by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/568043.

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Plant phenolics can have applications in pharmaceutical and other industries. To identify and quantify the phenolic compounds inHelianthus tuberosusleaves, qualitative analysis was performed by a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and quantitative analysis by HPLC. Ten chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were identified (3-o-caffeoylquinic acid, two isomers of caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid,p-coumaroyl-quinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoyquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid) by comparing their retention times, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and MS/MS spectra with standards. In addition, four other phenolic compounds, including caffeoyl glucopyranose, isorhamnetin glucoside, kaempferol glucuronide, and kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, were tentatively identified inHelianthus tuberosusleaves for the first time. The 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid (7.752 mg/g DW), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5.633 mg/g DW), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4.900 mg/g DW) were the major phenolic compounds in leaves ofHelianthus tuberosuscultivar NanYu in maturity. The variations in phenolic concentrations and proportions inHelianthus tuberosusleaves were influenced by genotype and plant growth stage. Cultivar NanYu had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, in particular 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid compared with the other genotypes (wild accession and QingYu). Considering various growth stages, the concentration of total phenolics in cultivar NanYu was higher at flowering stage (5.270 mg/g DW) than at budding and tuber swelling stages. Cultivar NanYu ofHelianthus tuberosusis a potential source of natural phenolics that may play an important role in the development of pharmaceuticals.

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Ramabulana, Anza-Tshilidzi, Paul Steenkamp, Ntakadzeni Madala, and Ian A. Dubery. "Profiling of Chlorogenic Acids from Bidens pilosa and Differentiation of Closely Related Positional Isomers with the Aid of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation." Metabolites 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050178.

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Bidens pilosa is an edible herb from the Asteraceae family which is traditionally consumed as a leafy vegetable. B. pilosa has many bioactivities owing to its diverse phytochemicals, which include aliphatics, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives and other phenylpropanoids. The later include compounds such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are produced as either regio- or geometrical isomers. To profile the CGA composition of B. pilosa, methanol extracts from tissues, callus and cell suspensions were utilized for liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). An optimized in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) method capable of discriminating between closely related HCA derivatives of quinic acids, based on MS-based fragmentation patterns, was applied. Careful control of collision energies resulted in fragment patterns similar to MS2 and MS3 fragmentation, obtainable by a typical ion trap MSn approach. For the first time, an ISCID approach was shown to efficiently discriminate between positional isomers of chlorogenic acids containing two different cinnamoyl moieties, such as a mixed di-ester of feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 529) and coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 499). The results indicate that tissues and cell cultures of B. pilosa contained a combined total of 30 mono-, di-, and tri-substituted chlorogenic acids with positional isomers dominating the composition thereof. In addition, the tartaric acid esters, caftaric- and chicoric acids were also identified. Profiling revealed that these HCA derivatives were differentially distributed across tissues types and cell culture lines derived from leaf and stem explants.

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Takeda, Kosaku, Tomoko Yamashita, Akihisa Takahashi, and Colin F. Timberlake. "Stable blue complexes of anthocyanin-aluminium-3-p-coumaroyl- or 3-caffeoyl-quinic acid involved in the blueing of Hydrangea flower." Phytochemistry 29, no. 4 (January 1990): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85409-9.

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15

Giordano, Maria, Christophe El-Nakhel, Petronia Carillo, Giuseppe Colla, Giulia Graziani, Ida Di Di Mola, Mauro Mori, et al. "Plant-Derived Biostimulants Differentially Modulate Primary and Secondary Metabolites and Improve the Yield Potential of Red and Green Lettuce Cultivars." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061361.

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The use of biostimulants in modern agriculture has rapidly expanded in recent years, owing to their beneficial effects on crop yield and product quality, which have come under the scope of intensive research. Accordingly, in the present study we appraised the efficacy of two plant-derived biostimulants, the legume-derived protein hydrolysates Trainer®® (PH), and the tropical plant extract Auxym®® (TPE) on two lettuce cultivars (green and red salanova®®) in terms of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits (primary and secondary metabolites). The two cultivars differed in their acquisition capacity for nitrate and other beneficial ions, their photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and their ability to synthetize and accumulate organic acids and protective metabolites. The biostimulant effect was significant for almost all the parameters examined but it was subjected to significant cultivar × biostimulant interactions, denoting a cultivar-dependent response to biostimulant type. Notwithstanding this interaction, biostimulant application could potentially improve the yield and quality of lettuce by stimulating plant physiological processes, as indicated by the SPAD index (leaf chlorophyll index), ACO2 (assimilation rate), E (transpiration), and WUEi (intrinsic water use efficiency), and by increasing concurrently the plant mineral content (total N, K, Ca, Mg) and the biosynthesis of organic acids (malate, citrate), phenols (caffeic acid, coumaroyl quinic acid isomer 1, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer 1), and flavonoids (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside). Biostimulant action may facilitate the bio-enhancement of certain lettuce cultivars that are otherwise limited by their genetic potential, for the accumulation of specific compounds beneficial to human health.

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Subiria-Cueto, Rodrigo, Alfonso Larqué-Saavedra, María L. Reyes-Vega, Laura A. de la Rosa, Laura E. Santana-Contreras, Marcela Gaytán-Martínez, Alma A. Vázquez-Flores, et al. "Brosimum alicastrum Sw. (Ramón): An Alternative to Improve the Nutritional Properties and Functional Potential of the Wheat Flour Tortilla." Foods 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120613.

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The wheat flour tortilla (WFT) is a Mexican food product widely consumed in the world, despite lacking fiber and micronutrients. Ramón seed flour (RSF) is an underutilized natural resource rich in fiber, minerals and bioactive compounds that can be used to improve properties of starchy foods, such as WFT. The study evaluated the impact of partial replacement of wheat flour with RSF on the physicochemical, sensory, rheological and nutritional properties and antioxidant capacity (AC) of RSF-containing flour tortilla (RFT). Results indicated that RFT (25% RSF) had higher dietary fiber (4.5 times) and mineral (8.8%; potassium 42.8%, copper 33%) content than WFT. Two sensory attributes were significantly different between RTF and WFT, color intensity and rollability. RFT was soft and it was accepted by the consumer. Phenolic compounds (PC) and AC were higher in RFT (11.7 times, 33%–50%, respectively) than WFT. PC identification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) showed that phenolic acids esterified with quinic acid, such as chlorogenic and other caffeoyl and coumaroyl derivatives were the major PC identified in RSF, resveratrol was also detected. These results show that RSF can be used as an ingredient to improve nutritional and antioxidant properties of traditional foods, such as the WFT.

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El-Nakhel, Christophe, Antonio Pannico, Giulia Graziani, Marios C. Kyriacou, Maria Giordano, Alberto Ritieni, Stefania De Pascale, and Youssef Rouphael. "Variation in Macronutrient Content, Phytochemical Constitution and In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce Dictated by Different Developmental Stages of Harvest Maturity." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040300.

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Rising life expectancy and the demanding modern lifestyle drive the growing appeal of healthy and balanced diets centered on vegetable and fruit consumption. Functional, phytonutrient-packed and principally raw food is in high demand. Microgreens constitute such a novel functional food that combines a high sensory and bioactive value, which invites comparison to their mature-leaf counterparts. For this purpose, a controlled environment chamber experiment was carried out to compare the mineral, phytochemical and antioxidant capacity attributes of two-pigmented Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata cultivars (green and red Salanova®) harvested at the microgreens and the mature-leaf stage. Macronutrients were assessed through ion chromatography, while carotenoids and polyphenols were assessed and quantified through HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, respectively. Calcium and magnesium were higher in microgreens irrespective of the cultivar; conversely, phosphorous, potassium and nitrate where higher in mature leaves. All pigments including chlorophyll, lutein and β-carotene augmented at advanced maturity stage and were more concentrated in the red pigmented cultivar at both stages. Total polyphenols accumulated more densely in red Salanova, particularly in the microgreens stage; whereas, in green Salanova, the accumulation was significant but less pronounced in the mcirogreens stage. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin malonyl glucoside, rutin and coumaroyl quinic acid were the most concentrated phenolic acids in microgreens, while feruloyl tartaric acid was predominant in mature leaves. Finally, when a high carotenoids content is sought, mature lettuce leaves should be the prime culinary choice, whereas high polyphenolic content is dictated by both the cultivar and the harvest stage, with red Salanova microgreens being the most nutrient-packed choice.

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Tong, Yingpeng, Xin Li, Ziping Zhu, Ting Wang, Qi Zhou, Na Li, Zhenda Xie, Chunxiao Jiang, Junmin Li, and Jianxin Wang. "Extraction and Identification of Antioxidant Ingredients from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (December 26, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8260379.

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Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (LCP) leaves have been widely employed in food and traditional medicine for treating hyperlipidaemia and its complications, possibly owing to their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study is to identify the chemical ingredients of antioxidant extracts from LCP by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-based molecular networking, a very recent and useful tool for annotation of chemical constituents in mixtures. The extraction conditions of antioxidant extracts from LCP were optimised by single-factor analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimised conditions were a methanol concentration of 32%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.4 ml/mg, an extraction temperature of 25°C, and an extraction time of 32 min. Under these conditions, the antioxidant yield was 516.20 ± 28.52 μmol TE/ml. The main active ingredients in the antioxidants were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS-based molecular networking. In total, 42 compounds were identified, including 20 flavonoids, 16 quinic acid derivatives, 4 caffeoyl derivatives, and 2 coumaroyl derivatives. The findings of the present work suggest that LCP could be a suitable source of natural antioxidant compounds, which might be applicable in the development of potential pharmaceutical drugs targeting diseases related to oxidative stress.

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Silva, Ana Margarida, Andreia Almeida, Stefano Dall’Acqua, Francesca Loschi, Bruno Sarmento, Paulo C. Costa, Cristina Delerue-Matos, and Francisca Rodrigues. "Insights into the 3D In Vitro Permeability and In Vivo Antioxidant Protective Effects of Kiwiberry Leaf Extract: A Step Forward to Human Nutraceutical Use." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 14130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214130.

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Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. (kiwiberry) leaves are a source of phenolic compounds with pro-health biological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite the huge number of studies reporting the composition of A. arguta leaves, no in vitro or in vivo studies explore its potential use as nutraceutical ingredient based on these activities. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the safety profile of kiwiberry leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches through the assessment of intestinal cell viability (Caco-2 and HT29-MTX), 3D intestinal permeation, and, most important, the redox markers, biochemical profile and liver and kidney function effects after the animal assays. Briefly, wistar rats were orally treated for 7 days with kiwiberry leaf extracts (50 and 75 mg/kg bw), water (negative control), or vitamin C (positive control). The cell viability was above 90% at 1000 μg/mL for both cells. Coumaroyl quinic acid and rutin achieved a permeation higher than 25% in the 3D intestinal model. The animal studies confirmed the extracts’ ability to increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase content in animals’ livers and kidneys while simultaneously decreasing the triglycerides content. This study highlighted the antioxidant capacity of kiwiberry leaf extracts, ensuring their efficacy and safety as a nutraceutical ingredient.

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Mariadoss, Arokia Vijaya Anand, SeonJu Park, Kandasamy Saravanakumar, Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan, and Myeong-Hyeon Wang. "Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Helianthus tuberosus L. Induces Anti-Diabetic, and Wound-Healing Activities in Insulin-Resistant Human Liver Cancer and Mouse Fibroblast Cells." Antioxidants 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010099.

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Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine are globally accepted alternative methods for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the mechanism of anti-diabetic effects of Helianthus tuberosus L. remains unproven. In the present study, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of the tubers of H. tuberosus were studied in detail. Methanolic extracts of H. tuberosus tubers were subjected to solvent fractionation method by increasing the polarity of the solvent using n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The obtained methanol extracts and its fractions were subjected to free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assay) and in vitro enzyme (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition assay. Moreover, glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cell line was analyzed. The preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the active fraction. The radical scavenging and in vitro diabetic related enzyme inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent. The maximum ABTS+ and DPPH scavenging activity was documented in ethyl acetate fraction of the H. tuberosus followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction, and methanol fraction. We also found that H. tuberosus showed a less toxicity in mouse fibroblast cells and enhance the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction of the H. tuberosus analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS-MS and GC/MS revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-quinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, isoxazolidine, salicylic acid β-D-glucoside, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers, salvianolic acid derivative isomers, and 1,4 dicaffeoylquinic acid etc. Among the identified phytochemicals, six were chosen for molecular docking study to explore their its inhibitory interactions with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggested that phytocompounds of EAF were responsible for the significant in vitro antioxidant, wound-healing, and anti-diabetic activities.

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Wang, Dajiang, Kun Wang, Simiao Sun, Peng Yan, Xiang Lu, Zhao Liu, Qingshan Li, Lianwen Li, Yuan Gao, and Jihong Liu. "Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Salt-Tolerance Pathways in the Leaves and Roots of ZM-4 (Malus zumi) in the Early Stages of Salt Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043638.

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The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated with a solution of 75 mM salinity. ZM-4’s fresh weight increased, then decreased, and then increased again after being treated with NaCl, whereas M9T337′s fresh weight continued to decrease. The results of transcriptome and metabolome after 0 h (CK) and 24 h of NaCl treatment showed that the leaves of ZM-4 had a higher content of flavonoids (phloretinm, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, epiafzelechin, etc.) and the genes (CHI, CYP, FLS, LAR, and ANR) related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway showed up-regulation, suggesting a high antioxidant capacity. In addition to the high polyphenol content (L-phenylalanine, 5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid) and the high related gene expression (4CLL9 and SAT), the roots of ZM-4 exhibited a high osmotic adjustment ability. Under normal growing conditions, the roots of ZM-4 contained a higher content of some amino acids (L-proline, tran-4-hydroxy-L-prolin, L-glutamine, etc.) and sugars (D−fructose 6−phosphate, D−glucose 6−phosphate, etc.), and the genes (GLT1, BAM7, INV1, etc.) related to these two pathways were highly expressed. Furthermore, some amino acids (S-(methyl) glutathione, N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, etc.) and sugars (D-sucrose, maltotriose, etc.) increased and genes (ALD1, BCAT1, AMY1.1, etc.) related to the pathways showed up-regulation under salt stress. This research provided theoretical support for the application of breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks by elucidating the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of salt tolerance during the early stages of salt treatment for ZM-4.

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Castillejo, Noelia, Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández, Kamila Monaco, Perla A. Gómez, Encarna Aguayo, Francisco Artés, and Francisco Artés-Hernández. "Preservation of bioactive compounds of a green vegetable smoothie using short time–high temperature mild thermal treatment." Food Science and Technology International 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013216656240.

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Smoothies represent an excellent and convenient alternative to promote the daily consumption of fruit and vegetables in order to obtain their health-promoting benefits. Accordingly, a green fresh vegetables smoothie (77.2% cucumber, 12% broccoli and 6% spinach) rich in health-promoting compounds was developed. Soluble solids content, pH and titratable acidity of the smoothie were 4.3 ± 0.4°Bx, 4.49 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02 mg citric acid 100−1 g fw, respectively. Two thermal treatments to reduce microbial loads and preserve quality were assayed: T1 (3 min at 80 ℃) and T2 (45 s at 90 ℃). Fresh blended unheated samples were used as control (CTRL). The smoothie presented a viscoelastic behaviour. T1 and T2 treatments reduced initial microbial loads by 1.3–2.4 and 1.4–3.1 log units, respectively. Samples were stored in darkness at 5 and 15 ℃. Colour and physicochemical changes were reduced in thermal-treated samples throughout storage, which were better preserved at 5 ℃ rather than at 15 ℃. Vitamin C changes during storage were fitted with a Weibullian distribution. Total vitamin C losses of T1 and T2 samples during storage at 15 ℃ were greatly reduced when they were stored at 5 ℃. Initial total phenolic content (151.1 ± 4.04 mg kg−1 fw) was 44 and 36% increased after T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. The 3- p-coumaroyl quinic and chlorogenic acids accounted the 84.7 and 7.1% relative abundance, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity (234.2 ± 20.3 mg Trolox equivalent kg−1 fw) remained constant after the thermal treatments and was better maintained during storage in thermal-treated samples. Glucobrassicin accounted the 81% of the initial total glucosinolates content (117.8 ± 22.2 mg kg−1 fw) of the smoothie. No glucosinolates losses were observed after T2 treatment being better preserved in thermal-treated samples. Conclusively, a short time–high temperature mild thermal treatment (T2) showed better quality and bioactive compounds retention in a green fresh vegetable smoothie during low temperature storage.

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Zagórska-Dziok, Martyna, Magdalena Wójciak, Aleksandra Ziemlewska, Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Uliana Hoian, Katarzyna Klimczak, Dariusz Szczepanek, and Ireneusz Sowa. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytoprotective and Antityrosinase Effects of Schisandra chinensis Extracts and Their Applicability in Skin Care Product." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 8877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248877.

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Plant extracts have been widely used for skin care for many centuries, and nowadays, they are commonly applied for the development and enrichment of new cosmetic preparations. The present study aimed the assessment of the biological activity of aqueous Schisandra chinensis extracts as a potential ingredient of skin care products. The aspects studied involved the ability to neutralize free radicals, impact on viability and metabolism of keratinocytes, as well as tyrosinase inhibitory potential. Our study showed that aqueous S. chinensis extracts have a positive effect on keratinocyte growth and have high antioxidant potential and strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity. UPLC-MS analysis revealed that three groups of phenolic compounds were predominant in the analyzed extract, including lignans, phenolic acids and flavonoids and protocatechiuc and p-coumaryl quinic acids were predominant. Moreover, microwave-assisted extraction, followed by heat reflux extraction, was the most effective for extracting polyphenols. Furthermore, a prototypical natural body washes gel formulation containing the previously prepared extracts was developed. The irritation potential and viscosity were assessed for each of the formulations. The study demonstrated that the addition of these extracts to body wash gel formulations has a positive effect on their quality and may contribute to a decrease in skin irritation. In summary, S. chinensis aqueous extracts can be seen as an innovative ingredient useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

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Su, Ziwen, Haoran Jia, Meng Sun, Zhixiang Cai, Zhijun Shen, Bintao Zhao, Jiyao Li, Ruijuan Ma, Mingliang Yu, and Juan Yan. "Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid synthesis in peach fruit." Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (July 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.961626.

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As the most abundant phenolic acid in peach fruit, chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an important entry point for the development of natural dietary supplements and functional foods. However, the metabolic and regulation mechanisms underlying its accumulation in peach fruits remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the composition and content of CGAs in mature fruits of 205 peach cultivars. In peach fruits, three forms of CGA (52.57%), neochlorogenic acid (NCGA, 47.13%), and cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA, 0.30%) were identified. During the growth and development of peach fruits, the content of CGAs generally showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing. Notably, the contents of quinic acid, shikimic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, and caffeoyl shikimic acid all showed similar dynamic patterns to that of CGA, which might provide the precursor material basis for the accumulation of CGA in the later stage. Moreover, CGA, lignin, and anthocyanins might have a certain correlation and these compounds work together to maintain a dynamic balance. By the comparative transcriptome analysis, 8 structural genes (Pp4CL, PpCYP98A, and PpHCT) and 15 regulatory genes (PpMYB, PpWRKY, PpERF, PpbHLH, and PpWD40) were initially screened as candidate genes of CGA biosynthesis. Our findings preliminarily analyzed the metabolic and molecular regulation mechanisms of CGA biosynthesis in peach fruit, which provided a theoretical basis for developing high-CGA content peaches in future breeding programs.

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