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1
Abubakar, M. S., J. N. Maduako, and M. Ahmed. "Effects of storage duration and bulb sizes on physiological losses of Agrifound light red onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.)." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (2019): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2019.01.015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The effect of storage duration and bulb sizes on physiological losses of the Agrifound light red onion bulbs stored in an Improved Naturally Ventilated Storage Structure-INVSS (constructed using locally available materials like; sand, cement, wood, corn stalks, wire mesh and grasses) under room condition was studied in 2012. Dry and wet bulb thermometers were installed to measure ambient temperature and relative humidity. Wind velocity was measurement by hand held Anemometer. The onion bulb samples were sorted and graded into three standard size categories (small: <50mm; medium: 50-70mm and jumbo: >70mm in diameter) and kept in the INVSS at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Farm of Modibbo Adama University of Technology (MAUTECH), Yola. The samples were monitored and data taken on a daily basis for a period of twenty (20) weeks. The data were analyzed with ANOVA in CRD and the means were separated using LSD at p<0.05. The results indicated that storage duration had significant effects (p≤0.05) on weight, rot and sprout losses. Jumbo size onion bulbs had the highest Storage Weight Loss (SWL) by a mean of 5.1%, followed by medium and small size onion bulbs with means of 4.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Storage Sprout Losses (SSL) studied in the three of onion bulb sizes showed higher SSL among the small size Agrifound light red variety than the medium size onion bulbs with respective mean values of 5.0% and 3.8%, while the least value of SSL (2.6%) was observed in Jumbo size onion bulbs. Similar comparison was also made in terms of Storage Rot Losses (SRL) and it showed that relatively higher SRL among the Jumbo size onions (3.3%), followed by medium sizes (3.1%) while the least was observed from the small sizes (2.3%). The findings recommend that the INVSS should be used to store Jumbo and small size onion bulbs for at least 5 months to achieve minimum storage losses. Though, it is not cost effective to store medium size onion bulbs in the INVSS for more than 4 months.
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Min, Jihoon, Inês L. Azevedo, Jeremy Michalek, and Wändi Bruine de Bruin. "Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates." Ecological Economics 97 (January 2014): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.10.015.
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Saikiran, Munigoti, Lalith Nagaram Nagarajan, and Malladi Bharath. "Android Based Switch Controlling Technique for LED Bulbs Using Bluetooth/Wi-Fi Technology." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v6.i1.pp48-52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an efficient approach to switch on/off and control the intensity of an LED bulb from a remote place using Android Applications installed in a Smartphone. As LED household bulbs and lights are energy efficient, drop-in replacements for the incandescent lighting found in homes and offices. These lights produce a warm brightness while providing a significant cost savings over traditional lighting. Bluetooth & Wi-Fi modules are used simultaneously as an interface that make connection between Android Application and the LPC2148 controller by which the generated output can be viewed with the help of an LED bulb and control various other devices, based on the availability in particular areas.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Bidhan Chandra Nath, Subrata Paul, Md Golam Kibria Bhuiyan, Md Panna Ali, Hafijur Rahaman, Md Durrul Huda, and Mohammad Abdur Rahman. "Design and Development of BRRI Solar Powered Light Trap." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a9600.1211221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research intends to design, assemble and evaluate the performance of an eco-friendly solar light trap to reduce the insect population in rice fields as well as to minimize the use of harmful chemical pesticides. An AutoCAD drawing tool 2016 was used to sketch the design of solar light trap. The main component of this light trap was bulb, solar panel and battery. Design of solar panel and battery was done considering by 5W LED bulb. A total of five bulbs with different colors were selected to test the insect’s reaction by visible light. Study indicated that ultra violet-blue bulb showed the best performance compare to others based on the high percentage of insect trap (31.22%). A 20-watt solar panel and two 4.5 ah batteries of 6 volts were used to operate the solar light trap. The current, voltage, solar intensity was recorded to check overall performance of solar panel. The solar panel generated more power in April than May due to higher solar radiation in the study area. Study suggested that only 4.26 sunshine hours were required to full charge the battery. The solar light trap was operated 5.5 hour in night which was sufficient to reduce the insects in rice field. Moreover, the light sensor was showed 100% functional for ON/OFF purposes. The dominant insects like yellow stem borer (YSB), green leafhopper (GLH) were mostly observed. The average largest numbers of YSB and GLH were 900 and 600 respectively. In conclusion, the solar light trap is eco-friendly, low cost, easy and self-sufficient in term of solar energy. Finally, the newly developed light trap could be helpful for manufactures, decision makers, and engineering community as well as farmers as a best tool to protect nature in comparison to other pesticide using practices.
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Kavichai, Eakdanai, and Chirdpong Deelertpaiboon. "Street Lamps Monitoring System Using Relay Control Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research proposes a simple but very effective method to determine faulty street lamps by utilizing a microcontroller associated with relay control technique to analyze the current consumption of the lamps. With such approach, the lighting system can automatically report the number and the position of the faulty street lamp to the operator in the control room. As a consequence, the faulty street lamp can be quickly repaired. The user interface and controller are programmed in LabVIEW software. The result is verified by modeling street light system using five 100 watts incandescent light bulbs connected in parallel. The results of this research can be applied to improve the existing street light system especially in Thailand. Furthermore, equipment used in this research is cost effective.
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Motov, V. M., A. V. Denisova, O. A. Cheglakova, and M. V. Motova. "Specific features of production of Istobensky variety shallot grown by transplanting method." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.5.540-548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a popular crop, it requires study and development of new varieties. Above all, it needs industrial production technology. The article presents the results of 2015-2019 research on the cultivation of salad shallot by transplanting method in the conditions of the Kirov region (North-East of the European part of Russia). It has been established that growing the Istobensky variety through seedlings allows to get a full-fledged marketable bulb during the growing season. To obtain full-fledged seedlings the seeds are to be sown on the first days of April. The optimal age of seedlings from germination to planting into open ground is 40 days. Depending on the variant, from 1 to 5 pieces of plants were grown in each cell. The control variant had one plant. During artificial illumination, LED lamps with light intensity of 5000-7000 lm were used. The recommended growing period was 20-25 days; the illumination period - 14 hours. Seedlings were grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse during 18-20 days, followed by planting into the open ground. The maximum yield with minimum cost of seeds was obtained by growing three plants in one cell. When grown by the transplanting method, the maximum bulb size of 400 g was obtained in 2016. The studies proved that the maximum yield of 5.8 kg/m2 (+1.6 to the control at LSD05 = 0.7) was obtained when sowing seeds on April, 4. Planting two plants into a hole reduced the average bulb weight by 33%, three – 40; four – 57; and five – 68% compared with the control. The study have shown that shallot of the Istobensky variety is suitable for the transplanting method of growing bulbs from seeds. During one growing period it is possible to get full-fledged bulbs of salad use with an average weight of 100-131 g, with a dry matter content of 2.99%, ascorbic acid – 13.99%, acidity – 0.61%.
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Alzaed, Ali, and Ashraf Balabel. "Experimental Investigations of Solatube Daylighting System for Smart City Applications in Saudi Arabia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.3.26145.
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The smart cities programme is at the core of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The development of smart cities is based on adapting innovative technologies and solutions to meet local needs and possibilities in order to reduce both cost and energy resources consumption. In smart cities, more than 40% of electrical energy consumption should be saved. One of the most important electrical energy saving techniques is the application of the Solatube daylight system in sustainable buildings. In the present paper, an experimental investigation into the Solatube daylight system is performed according to the local climate conditions of Taif city, Saudi Arabia. A test chamber was designed with dimensions of 1 m3, made from medium density fibreboard. The model of Solatube used in the present research is Solatube 160 DS, 10” in diameter and with a length up to 30’. The HS1010-LCD digital light meter is used for measuring light intensity. A comparison of illumination obtained from the Solatube with that obtained from artificial bulbs of standard ratings was made at two different vertical distances inside the test chamber (z = 0.8 m, z = 1.0 m). The results showed that the Solatube, at both vertical distances, gave a better illuminance than standard artificial bulbs. Moreover, the results indicated that the Solatube daylight system converted about 60% of sunlight to passive light inside the test chamber. Generally, it is concluded that the Solatube daylight system can be efficiently used in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings in smart cities according to the available solar characteristics.
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Amin, Md Ruhul, Ishtiaque Arif, and Mohammad Maksudur Rahman. "Green Marketing Practices for Sustainable Business Growth in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Dhaka City." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v1i2.197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green marketing is a way to use the environmental benefits of a product or service to promote sales. Many consumers will choose products that do not damage the environment over less environmentally friendly products, even if they cost more. With green marketing, advertisers focus on environmental benefits to sell products such as biodegradable diapers, energy-efficient light bulbs, and environmentally safe detergents. As a Bangladeshi citizens are very much unaware about green marketing which portrait their unconsciousness of environment. Here authors have tried to sketch the problems and prospects of green marketing along with to draw attention of readers’ to make them consciousness about the pollution of environment.
JEL Classification Code: M30; M31; M39
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Muniv, R. M. "Modern lighting systems for livestock enterprises." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 13, 2018): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8923.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The constant rise in electricity prices, at least 10% each year, makes livestock growers pay a lot of attention to finding ways to reduce their costs. Between different types of lighting, including in the field of agriculture, the leader in developed countries is LED. The main advantage of LED technology is energy efficiency. Properly selected intensity and duration of illumination have a very positive effect on health, fertility, well-being and productivity of dairy cattle and poultry. The 16-hour illumination regime at a level of 150–200 lux followed by 8-hour darkness leads to an increase in milk yield by 15%, increased fertility, reduced intervals between calving and early diagnosis of animal diseases. We recommend to keep at least 150 lux for 16–18 hours, and then 8–6 hours of darkness for quality pig development. The farrowing room requires 16 hours of light followed by an 8-hour period of darkness. The minimum level of illumination for horses is 150–200 lux. This level of illumination coupled with the 16-hour lighting regime and the subsequent 8-hour darkness gives positive results in reproduction, making a significant impact on hormonal levels and fertility of horses. The traditional incandescent lamps, while performing their lighting functions, lose thermal energy production to 95% of electricity, and only 5% turns into useful light energy. When operating LED bulbs 40–50% of electric energy is converted into light energy. Thus, the efficiency of LED lamps is 5–10 times higher than that of incandescent lamps. The biggest drawback of LED bulbs is their value, but the use of LED devices can save up to 70% of electricity. Energy-saving lamps save up to 80% of energy, sometimes even more. Obviously this becomes, if you translate interest in hryvnia. At a considerable cost of fluorescent lamps (LEDs) and LEDs during their work (from 6-12 thousand h and up to 50 thousand h.) It is possible to save 165–1314 UAH. And this is on one lamp. The main difference is the price for the lamps themselves. LL costs about 25 UAH, and LED – 80–250 UAH. The fairly high cost is compensated for a long time. Lamps can serve from 4 years (L) to 12 years (LED lamps). In animal husbandry, as in one of the most energy intensive industries, the use of LED systems is most relevant, since it allows you to reduce the cost of production.
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Chang, Chien Hsuan, Hung Liang Cheng, Chun An Cheng, and En Chih Chang. "Analysis and Design of the Active Clamp Forward Converter as a Color LED Driver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have substituted for incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps gradually in the residential, industrial and commercial lighting applications. This paper proposes an active clamp forward converter with the sequential color display (SCD) control to drive red, green and blue (RGB) LED arrays. Both of the main switch and the auxiliary switch can turn on under zero voltage switching (ZVS), resulting in high system efficiency. RGB LED arrays are sequentially driven by the same converter, which can save components and reduce cost significantly. Besides, the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control is applied to achieve a large chromaticity variation. The operation principles of the proposed LED driver are addressed. Experimental results of a 100W laboratory prototype are used to verify the feasibility and validity of the theoretical predictions.
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Karlicek, Robert F. "The Evolution of LED Packaging: New Approaches for Solid State Lighting." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 000738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-ta44.
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The rapid evolution of solid state lighting is driving rapid and innovative approaches to LED packaging. While the bulk of LEDs are still packaged using decades old technology, the cost and performance needs of solid state lighting are forcing the development of new light emitter packaging technology, some of it being imported from more conventional electronic packaging. Concepts like wafer level packaging, chip on flex technology and SIP technology are infiltrating the LED packaging landscape, but with innovations developing from the need to simultaneously manage input power, thermal dissipation and light extraction for energy efficient lighting. Lighting cost constraints are also driving new requirements for higher packaging speeds and LED integration directly into lighting fixtures rather than through the conventional die-to-package-to-board-to-system sequence. Finally, lighting system performance specifications like intensity, color quality, glare, and beam pattern, all dependent on how light moves from inside the die to the user, are forcing new system level requirements into the LED packaging arena. This talk will discuss how the development and evolution of solid state lighting systems are working to drive innovation and evolution in the development of LED packaging materials, structures and methods. With the need for energy efficient lighting driving a rapid transition from bulbs and tubes to solid state devices, LED packaging is poised for a revolution where the conventional roles of semiconductor packaging are redefined in new and exciting ways that are needed to make solid state lighting a practical reality.
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Gong, Wen Zi. "Design of Virtual Corolla 1.6AT Automatic Air Conditioning Experiment Bench." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper introduces a virtual experiment bench for automotive air conditioning. In the experiment bench based on the experiment bench for Corolla 1.6AT automatic air conditioning, the refrigeration, heating, gas distribution and other mechanical systems are removed and the electrical control system is reserved using the virtual and simulation theory. The experiment bench has the features, such as simple structure, low production and operation cost, safety and environmental protection; its main sensor signals are simulated through a variable resistance, the working processes of some actuators are shown by light bulbs, so that it is easy to operate the experiment bench, and the working process is visual and direct. The experiment bench can be self-developed, designed and produced by students under the guidance of teachers, thus to promote the comprehensive ability of students to use knowledge and innovate.
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Verma, Arvind Kumar. "Customised light source for Sinuscope - A Novel Design." UP STATE JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY VOLUME 7, VOLUME 7 NUMBER 2 NOV 2018 (November 1, 2019): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36611/upjohns/19.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sinuscopes are durable instruments that deliver excellent visualization needed for diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical sinus and nasal procedures. It requires a light source like all other endoscopes for illumination of the objects. In lieu of expensive cost of commercial external light source we have designed a hand held customized low cost light source for sinuscope to be highly cost effective in routine practice particularly at places with poor infrastructure. This customized light source consists of hallow metallic tube fitted with LED bulb connected with battery which description we are sending for its patenting before presenting it for publication.
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Hamzah, Hanafi, Muhammad Shahrim Ab Karim, Yuhanis Abd Aziz, and Azilah Kasim. "Environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the small- and medium-scale enterprise hotel industry of Malaysia." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v8i1.7700.
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This paper examines the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the Malaysia Small- and Medium-Scale Enterprise (SME) hotel industry revealing that most hotel managers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. The main purpose of this paper aims to examine the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in Malaysia SME hotel industry. A mixed research method was adopted involving quantitative surveys with 252 hotels in Malaysia and 11 face-to-face interviews with the selected hotel managers, facilities managers and engineers. Responses from the surveys and interviews with 252 managers show that SME hotels in Malaysia have a high level of environmental awareness. Most hoteliers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. Initiatives including using energy conservation light bulbs, having an active system to detect/repair lacking facilities and installing water conserving fixtures are widely implemented, while programs involving using solar lawn light, recycling leftover food and reusing wastewater. Major barriers for going green include the lack of government regulations on environmental management systems (EMS), financial constraints, the lack of employees to handle EMS and the fear that environmental initiatives may negatively impact the guest’s experience, especially customers who expect enjoying the luxuries services in Malaysia hotels. Lower star hotels experience more difficulties in adopting green approaches. This paper presents a single case study of Malaysia; therefore, the results in this research may have limited generalizability.
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DODBIBA, Gjergj, Hiroki OSHIKAWA, Josiane PONOU, Yonggu KIM, Kazutoshi HAGA, Atsushi SHIBAYAMA, and Toyohisa FUJITA. "Treatment of Spent LED Light Bulbs for Recycling of Its Components: A Combined Assessment in the Context of LCA and Cost-Benefit Analysis." Resources Processing 66, no. 1 (2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj.66.15.
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COLE, RICHARD W. "LIGHT EMITTING DIODES IN BIO-IMAGING." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 02 (June 2011): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006611.
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can and are currently integrated into light microscopes. They have numerous advantages as illumination sources. Most notably, they provide intensity (brightness) and spectral control during bio-imaging. For transmitted light imaging, LEDs can replace the traditional tungsten filament bulb, while offering longer life, little-to-no color temperature shift resulting from an intensity change, reduced emission in the infrared region, (a property important for live cell imaging), and reduced cost of ownership. For fluorescent imaging, in which the typical illumination sources are mercury or xenon lamps, LEDs offer the advantages of a longer lifespan, greater spatial and temporal stability, elimination of the need for mechanical shutters and neutral density filters, significantly lower cost of ownership, and reduction of photon dose at the specimen. Additionally, LEDs permit vibration-free, high-speed spectral and temporal modulation. This modulation allows more information to be obtained for a given photon dose.
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Cerdá, María Fernanda. "A small-sized DSSC panel based on the Uruguayan national flower dye tested at the Antarctic Artigas Base." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction of a small-sized panel based on anthocyanins from Erythrina crista-galli as sensitizers is reported in this work. The device, named KD12, was placed indoors at the Artigas Antarctic Scientific Base from March 2019 to December 2020. Here is released for the first time, the indoor installation of dye-sensitized solar cells based on pigments from the Uruguayan national flower at an Antarctic Base and the evaluation of their performance during nineteen months. The panel showed good stability and maintained its efficiency conversion performance over the period. The output power, voltage and conversion efficiency generated for this device mainly depended on irradiance and external factors as light reflection due to snow or artificial bulbs near the area. Additional protection was provided by the double-glass window in front of the panel, lowering lighting irradiance and changing spectral characteristics of the light incident the device. A new prospect raised here: the potential application of anthocyanins as sensitizers for indoor electricity generation in the Antarctic area with long term operability, where low temperatures are helpful considering the thermal stability of the dyes. These constitute an interesting first step of a low-cost alternative searching for clean energy generation sources, focusing on a cold region like Antarctica.
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Marshall, J. E. A. "A simple cost-effective infra-red microscope for palynology." Journal of Micropalaeontology 14, no. 2 (October 1, 1995): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.14.2.106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. It has long been known that objects which are opaque in transmitted white light can become translucent in infra-red (IR) light. Its application to palynology was shown by Leclercq (1933) who used an IR filter to cut out the visible light from the specimen coupled with an IR-sensitive film to capture the image. Although the significance of this development was recognized (Walton, 1935), it was never generally used since oxidative methods such as Schulze’s solution are normally successful in clearing exines. The exceptions are opaque palynomorphs from thermally over-mature rocks. Such assemblages have been studied with IR microscopy using either IR-sensitive film on partially cleared material (e.g. Tiwari & Schaarschmidt, 1975) or electronic IR imaging systems (Cramer & Diez, 1972).The technical sophistication and performance of IR imaging microscopes has recently improved significantly following their routine application for the internal imaging of silicon chips. However, such microscopes are designed for use in reflected light and also rather costly. In addition their design makes them difficult to routinely switch from brightfield transmitted light to IR light without risk of damaging their sensitive IR tube. This note describes a simplified IR microscope for transmitted light which shows how excellent images of opaque spores in the near-IR can be produced using the simplest palynological microscope.This IR microscope is based around an Olympus BHSM-IR system. This is fitted with a 100W quartz halogen bulb which is essential for providing the required level of IR illumination. However, the only specific IR corrected optics this. . .
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Groman, Sarah, and Neil Jones. "Improvements in Solid State Lighting Applications with the use of Traditional Thick Film Technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-ta5-paper2.
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As the LED market continues to grow and overtake many other lighting technologies such as incandescent and compact fluorescent bulbs (CFL), there are many challenges that LED manufacturers face. As demand for higher power and longer life continue to drive LED adoption in lighting applications, manufacturers must be able to find ways to increase thermal efficiency while reducing cost for LED package designs. In this paper, the benefits of a new Pb Free smooth-print thick film Ag conductor are examined in comparison to more traditional die attach methods, which include plated thin films, and polymer based die attach adhesives. A smooth print thick film conductor can offer the best of both worlds as cost and process simplicity are comparable to a polymer system, while thermal efficiency and solderability are comparable to plated thin film systems. As surface smoothness increases, there is also the benefit of reduced solder voiding and material usage; solder voiding is a major contributor to thermal inefficiency. In the case of high cost solders such as Au/Sn, the reduction in material usage can translate to significant cost savings. Thermal efficiency, solderability, and manufacturing complexity must all be considered as new LED package designs are sought that reduce overall cost while increasing thermal efficiency and effective operational life. This paper evaluates these benefits as they apply to wire bonding, thermal dissipation, surface smoothness, and voiding at the die-package interface. Each of these properties can affect thermal efficiency of the package, which in turn affects the light output and effective operational life of the LED. A new option for LED package design is presented, and this packaging can allow for cost-effective manufacturing while keeping up with industry demands of higher power, maximum efficiency, and greater effective operational life.
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Afif, M., M. Ramdhani, D. Darlis, and A. Rizal. "A Low-Cost Linear LED Driver for Light Bulb Based on Harmonic Standard." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 434 (December 3, 2018): 012208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/434/1/012208.
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Kobayashi*, Kent D. "Effect of Photoselective Shadecloth and Plastic Film on Growth of Chrysanthemums under Supplemental Lighting." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 837C—837. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.837c.
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Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. With high cost of growth regulators and concern about their environmental aspects and health of workers, alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. Objective was to determine effect of photoselective shadecloth and plastic film on growth of `Barbara', `Shasta', and `Chesapeake' mums under supplemental lighting. In experiment 1, `Barbara' plants (two and four weeks old) were placed under either wide spectrum fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs (control) or lights covered with photoselective shadecloth. In experiment 2, 3-week-old `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants were placed under lights or lights covered with photoselective plastic film. Effect of shadecloth differed with age of `Barbara' plants. For 1-month-old plants placed under lights, stem diameter, stem dry weight, and root dry weight were reduced under shadecloth compared to control. No differences were observed for plant height, pot height, leaf number, leaf area/plant, and leaf dry weight. For 2-week-old plants, leaf number, leaf area/plant, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight were less under shadecloth than control. No effects on plant height, pot height, stem diameter, and root dry weight were observed. Plastic film reduced plant height and pot height for `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants and reduced stem dry weight and total plant dry weight for `Shasta'. No differences were seen for other growth measurements. This study indicated photoselective shadecloth did not control height of `Barbara' and its effect on growth was influenced by plant age. Photoselective plastic film controlled height of `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' and offers an alternative method for growth control of mum plants.
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Nascimento, R. M. do, A. E. Martinelli, and A. J. A. Buschinelli. "Review Article: recent advances in metal-ceramic brazing." Cerâmica 49, no. 312 (December 2003): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132003000400002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metal-ceramic joining has slowly but steadily become an important manufacturing step. The evolution of joining processes has allowed ceramics to be used in combination with metals in a number of hybrid devices from traditional light bulbs and seals to improved cutting tools and modern monitoring and measuring electronic devices. New joining methods and newer approaches to conventional methods have been developed aiming at joints characterized by improved reliability, and interfaces capable of withstanding high-temperature resistance with minimum residual stresses. A summary of recent improvements on alternative approaches to ceramic-metal joining as well as new developments on brazing are presented herein. The present review also focuses on recent advances towards brazing metallized ceramics and the selection of filler alloys, since in a scenario that includes joining by laser and direct bonding with liquid transient phases, brazing continues to be by far the most widely used approach to joining as a result of its low-cost and possibility to join intricate geometries for large-scale production. Finally, methods to evaluate the mechanical strength and residual thermal stresses are presented in addition to alternative approaches to minimize residual stresses and, consequently, improve joint reliability.
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Harajli, Hassan, and Ali Chalak. "Willingness to Pay for Energy Efficient Appliances: The Case of Lebanese Consumers." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A contingent valuation study was conducted to elicit the willingness to pay (WTP) of Lebanese citizens for five types of energy-efficient home appliances: washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, light bulbs, and refrigerators. A face-to-face survey is designed to this end, with data collection achieving a sample of 605 households geographically representative of the Lebanese population. A multivariate Tobit model was used to gauge the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, perceptions, behavior, and experience on the WTP across all these appliances, while accounting for potential correlations between these WTP values. Findings provide evidence of the importance of several socio–demographics in determining WTP for more energy efficient appliances, such as income, education, and age, and the importance of perceptions and experience covariates, not least the implementation of energy labelling and the cost of electricity. In terms of policy implications, this study highlights the need to legally enforce a shift in payment mode from renting per capacity (kW) to purchasing per power (kWh) consumed for electricity in the back-up power sector, and the immediate introduction of a local labelling scheme for home appliances.
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Esbrí, José María, Sofía Rivera, José Tejero, and Pablo León Higueras. "Feasibility study of fluorescent lamp waste recycling by thermal desorption." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 43 (October 5, 2021): 61860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16800-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe proposed Minamata Convention ban on the use of fluorescent lamps at the end of 2020, with a consequent reduction in mercury (Hg) light products, is expected to produce large amounts of discarded fluorescent bulbs. In this context, the most effective recycling options are a thermal mercury recovery system and/or aqueous solution leaching (lixiviation) to recover rare earth elements (REEs). Due to the heterogeneous nature of these wastes, a complete characterization of Hg compounds in addition to a determination of their desorption temperatures is required for their recycling. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of a fast cost-effective thermal characterization to ameliorate recycling treatments. A pyrolysis heating system with a heat ramping capability combined with atomic absorption spectrometry makes it possible to obtain residue data with regard to the temperature ranges needed to achieve total Hg desorption. The major drawback of these heat treatments has been the amount of Hg absorbed from the residue by the glass matrices, ranging from 23.4 to 39.1% in the samples studied. Meanwhile, it has been estimated that 70% of Hg is recovered at a temperature of 437 °C.
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Griffin, R. E. M. "Knowing What is Best." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131401312x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAlready, and with good reason, light pollution is recognized as one of the most damaging legacies that current “civilization“ is bequeathing to its children. Denying them the opportunity, even the right, to experience visually the majesty and awe of the universe has obvious repercussions for our science, and other contributors to this meeting are addressing those eloquently. But it is also critically important to place light pollution in the cadre of the general environmental degradation which unbridled technology is causing. The amount of power consumed by one outdoor light is only a minuscule drop in the ocean, but enough of those drops make an ocean. Using low-wattage bulbs, and getting more power out of them via halogen or LED technology, can ease the drain on the supply of power, but when several can be run, and run brighter, than a single tungsten lamp and cost is the only goal, the consumer simply installs more of them.We all hope for a restored and sustainable environment, but the challenge is first to learn and practice the essential difference between “want“ and “need”. A more specific challenge is to educate the affluent countries about the deleterious effects of nighttime lights on human health and on other bio-systems and species, and to explain the truth about “security“ issues. If astronomers place the needs of their own science too foremost they risk the criticism of selfishness: why are our own scientific requirements more important than the pleasure and health benefits of a whole town in pursuing sports activities outdoors after sunset? How can the need to illuminate streets, intersections, parking lots and to deter intruders be less necessary for personal and community safety and wellbeing than some rather esoteric scientific opportunities for a small population of astronomers?Dark Sky Preserves are a lovely concept but they are not the full answer; reducing light pollution is the responsibility of every citizen, and ensuring good astronomical conditions in a few remote parks must does not excuse the prevailing cavalier attitudes that are causing light pollution to be blithely accelerated everywhere else.The solution is Education, and for astronomers the key is to tone down the astronomically important and to emphasize the many general benefits of reducing light pollution. It is only when the non-astronomical community starts offering the astronomical advantages too of its own volition that we will see true progress in fighting this most pervasive of modern environmental disasters.
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El Assraoui, Khadija, Kanza Mrhar, Rajae Zeroual, Khadija Kaoun, and Samira Bellemkhannate. "Closed Hollow Bulb Obturator: Laboratory Procedures." European Journal of Dental and Oral Health 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdent.2021.2.2.46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patients with maxillectomy face problems with speech, swallowing, chewing and appearance. These defects are prosthetically rehabilitated with obturators that prevent oronasal communication, restoring function and social reintegration.
An obturator must be light-weight, tight, easy to make and low cost. This article describes a simplified technique for fabrication of an acrylic hollow bulb obturator in two pieces using single flask. The prosthesis is made entirely of heat cure acrylic resin. The two parts of the obturator are sealed with the self-curing resin.
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Wan, Yim King Penny, Sow Hup Joanne Chan, and Hui Lan Wendy Huang. "Environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the hotel industry of Macau." Tourism Review 72, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2016-0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the Macau hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method was adopted involving quantitative surveys with 31 hotels in Macau and 11 face-to-face interviews with the hotel managers, facilities managers and engineers. Findings Response from surveys and interviews with 31 hoteliers show that hotels in Macau have a high level of environmental awareness. Most hoteliers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. Initiatives including using energy conservation light bulbs, having an active system to detect/repair leaking facilities and installing water conserving fixtures are widely implemented, while programs involving using solar lawn light, recycling leftover food and reusing wastewater are not. Major barriers for going green include the lack of government regulations on environmental management (EM), financial constraints, the lack of employees to handle EM and the fear that environmental initiatives may negatively impact the guest’s experience, especially those VIP and hardcore gamblers and customers who expect enjoying the luxuries services in Macau hotels. Lower star hotels experience more difficulties in adopting green approaches. Research limitations/implications This paper presents a single case study of Macau; therefore, the results in this research may have limited generalizability. Originality/value This paper is one of the very few attempts that investigate EM in Macau – a renowned world tourism and gambling destination, where the vast majority of hotels have their casino facilities. Results show that apart from the financial consideration and the lack of government enforcement to adopt green measures similar to hotels in other destinations, EM practices of Macau’s hotels are also constrained by its customer base and the acute shortage of human resources that is caused by the tourism boom.
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Alves, José Edgard De Oliveira, Evelyn Mayara Perrut Vieira, Máyra Dias Silveira, Adiel Queiroz Ricci, Fábio Sartori, and Marcelo Flores Catelli. "CUTANEOUS NOCICEPTIVE TEST IN HORSES BY ALTERNATIVE METHOD." Nucleus Animalium 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pain is a complex phenomenon defined as an aversive sensory or emotional experience, where there is awareness of tissue damage or tissue integrity threat, with physiological and behavioral changes that aim to reduce or avoid occurrence of such damage. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an alternative low cost assessment method of the cutaneous nociceptive threshold in horses. The device used to assess the nociceptive threshold was constructed using an infrared 250W, 220V light bulb equipped with a mechanism to standardize the distance between the light bulb and the cutaneous surface of the animals. Six adult horses, males and females, were submitted to three evaluations. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test as post-test. No differences were observed among the evaluations (p>0,05), indicating that this method fulfills the aim to emit a standard nociceptive stimulus able to trigger a regular and qualitatively similar response between the tested subjects. We concluded that the studied equipment can be constructed at an accessible cost and it has potential to be applied in models of experimental pain, although some improvements are needed.
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Shehadi, Maher. "Energy Consumption Optimization Measures for Buildings in the Midwest Regions of USA." Buildings 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8120170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates various building material effects on the cooling load requirements of a typical two-floor house located in the Midwest region in the USA. A survey was done for various building materials along with their prices in the US market. Various building walls, lighting, window glazing, and insulations were used for simulation as single and combined cases. The return on investment from savings in the electrical load consumption against the materials cost was investigated. It was found that the best single case savings and investments were for cases when lights were changed from incandescent lighting with 20 W/m2 to fluorescent bulbs, or when using double skinned walls with 5 cm rock wool or expanded polystyrene insulation. Combined cases, combining more than one single change, offered more reductions in cooling loads but were associated with higher initial costs and, thus, longer returns on investment. The best case recommendation was for buildings with a 20 cm hollow concrete block (HCB) when combined with fluorescent lights and double pane heat-absorbing glazing for windows. Although these recommendations were for a typical house in the Midwest region of the United States, a similar analysis could be adopted by designers and building owners to optimize the energy consumption in their buildings. The final design decision should be based on an optimum correlation of the air-conditioning units’ size and cost, running and maintenance costs, the return on the investment duration, and the available usage area in the building.
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Babu, Akshay, Sharon Joseph ponthokkan, Aleena Joseph, Abhijith R. Prasad, and Aswathy VS. "A Novel Approach to Implementation of Lighting Design Using Virtual Reality." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Architectural lighting style may be field among design, interior style and electrical engineering that’s involved with the look of light system as well as natural light-weight, electric-light bulb, or each to serve human wants . Lighting design using virtual reality is an innovative approach towards electrical system design. The lighting design process and the current problems associated with them are solved by integrating two different branches of engineering along with electrical engineering. The problems associated with current lighting design such as excess illumination, improper arrangement and non uniformity can lead to several problems. This includes energy loss, cost overruns and eye strain. Implementation of lighting design using virtual reality helps to overcome many of these problems. It enable the identification of problems in the early stage of design itself by creating a 3D model of the proposed building and transforming it to a real time visual experience with the help of virtual reality concept. Hence the proper lighting calculation along with this will improve overall lighting design in terms of energy savings, cost ,and aesthetics.
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Cole, Richard W., and James N. Turner. "Light-Emitting Diodes Are Better Illumination Sources for Biological Microscopy than Conventional Sources." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, no. 3 (March 3, 2008): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608080288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractLight-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be easily and inexpensively integrated into modern light microscopes. There are numerous advantages of LEDs as illumination sources; most notably, they provide brightness and spectral control. We demonstrate that for transmitted light imaging, an LED can replace the traditional tungsten filament bulb while offering longer life; no color temperature change with intensity change; reduced emission in the infrared region, which is important for live cell imaging; and reduced cost of ownership. We show a direct substitution of the typical tungsten bulb with a commercially available LED and demonstrated the color stability by imaging a histology section over a wide range of light intensities. For fluorescent imaging, where the typical illumination sources are mercury or xenon lamps, we demonstrate that LEDs offer advantages of providing a longer lifespan, having a more constant intensity output over time, more homogeneous illumination, and significantly lower photon dose. Our LED equipped system was used to image and deconvolve dual fluorescently labeled cells, as well as image cells undergoing mitosis expressing green fluorescent protein–histone 2B complex. The timing of the stages of mitosis is well established as an indicator of cell viability.
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Rooke, Leon. "Light Bulbs." Grand Street 6, no. 4 (1987): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007015.
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Rahmawati, Yani, Christiono Utomo, Nur Suhailah Muhamad Sukri, Rezi Berliana Yasinta, and Al-Hussein Mohammed Hassan Al-Aidrous. "Environmental Enhancement through High-Rise Building Refurbishment." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Property investment is always enticing, especially the high-rise residential property. The promise of the raising future value of it keeps investors attracted. Urbanisation also contributes to the massive development in this business, and it is hardly ignored. To run the business and to be able to compete with others, developers have to keep the cost attracted for the residents/buyers. The property needs to be well designed to satisfy the economical capital expenditure as well as low operation and maintenance cost. The high density of this development in an urban area makes developers tend to have low awareness of practising sustainability. Inconsistent evaluation, as well as unwell-defined assessment for sustainability, worsen the situation. This research aims to investigate and develop performance evaluation criteria of sustainability for high-rise residential building. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were implemented through surveys. Three main factors, which are the promotion of a healthy environment, comfortability of residents and energy-saving, found to be the main categories of criteria to be considered. Based on validation through a case study, it is found that providing easy access to public transport is the most critical criteria for promoting a healthy environment. Besides, the usage of low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) paint can give comfort to residents because it provides healthy indoor air quality. Lastly, the usage of LED bulbs and natural light supports energy saving. The criteria are then used to develop the decision-making model in selecting the best alternative for the building refurbishment, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Application of the decision model in a case study reveals that repainting the building using low VOC paint become the best fit option for enhancing the environment. Developers may implement this in their policy for the redevelopment of their building. The result is limited to the aggregation value; thus, future research is directing into coalition and negotiation among stakeholders by applying payoff optimum and agreement options and also automation in selecting the best technical solution.
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Kafle, Bhim P., Babu R. Pokhrel, Rajendra Gyawali, Prakash Lamichhane, and Ravi M. Adhikari. "Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells from thin films of zinc oxide nanocrystalline particles and organic dye." BIBECHANA 11 (May 8, 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photovoltaic solar modules, which are mostly made of silicon based solar cells, are still expensive to the common people of Nepal. The high cost is, mainly, due to the processing difficulties to get pure crystalline silicon. Here, we present results on devising efficient and low-cost dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The solar cells were fabricated from transparent thin film of zinc oxide (ZnO), as a semiconductor, on top of which a thin layer of synthetic organic dye was deposited for efficient light harvesting. In order to achieve the films with optimum conditions for solar cell fabrication, we prepared transparent thin films of ZnO of various thicknesses and characterized by measuring their light transmittance by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The results clearly show variation in transmittance curves with variation in film’s thickness. Also for finding appropriate sensitizer for ZnO nanoparticles, we extensively investigated the light absorbance of synthetic organic dyes. Among the dye species investigated, Green-VS, Patent-Blue, and Black-ADLI show strong absorbance over the wide range in the visible spectrum, demonstrating prospect of utilizing for DSSCs. Then prototype solar cells from ZnO film with various thicknesses were constructed and were sensitized with the mixture of Green-VS and Black-ADLI dyes (with 1:1 ratio). The measured photo-voltage and photo-current from solar cell, from our modest ZnO film, after irradiation with 200 W commercial bulb (calibrated with Pyranometer) as a light source, were about 20 mV and 1 μA, respectively. Also, with increment of the power of radiation both the measured photo-current and photo-voltage increase. Performance of the cell in real sun condition has also been made. With the solar radiation power of 930 W, the observed photo-voltage and photo-current were ca. 230 mV and 50 μA, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10380 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 53-59
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Jenkins, Robert. "True cost of bulbs." New Scientist 194, no. 2603 (May 2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)61178-6.
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Chu, Shao Shu, Jung Chang Hsu, Christopher Miguel Sevilla, and Chun Huang Chiang. "Methods for Creating Uniform Irradiance for LED Luminaries with the Use of Reflectors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.799.
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In the recent development of LED technologies and market growth of LED luminaries, further study is needed in order for LEDs to replace the current incandescent bulb. Because of the LED radiation pattern, and it being a point-type light source, LED luminaries must employ similar and different methods than those of other luminaries in order to achieve a uniform irradiance. The methods presented in this paper can fasten the production of luminaries while cutting cost and still make luminaries with over 80% uniform irradiance. To achieve these methods reflectors, of 97% reflectivity, of multiple shapes and angles are combined with different arrays of LEDs. All luminaries are constructed using SolidWorks, and then ray data is simulated in TracePro commercial software. The final luminaries are then manufactured and the simulated results are compared and verified with experimental results. The purpose of this paper is to create luminaries for different situations that are affordable to produce while maximizing light efficiency.
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Logan, Bruce. "Food and Light Bulbs." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 1, no. 11 (October 7, 2014): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ez5003105.
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Hodges, Laurent. "Compact fluorescent light bulbs." Physics Teacher 30, no. 2 (February 1992): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343479.
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Moon, John R. "Low-energy light bulbs." Physics World 8, no. 5 (May 1995): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/8/5/21.
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Quddush, R., N. Islam, MJ Hasan, M. Rahman, J. Rayen, and S. Sattar. "Comparison between heater with incubator care in providing warmth to low birth weight newborns." Community Based Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2013): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prevention of excessive heat loss is fundamental to survival of low birth weight (LBW) newborns. Highly expensive incubator is not available in most of the health care facilities of Bangladesh. Warm cot care by heater or with light bulbs may alternatively help in maintenance of temperature of LBW newborns in health care facilities where incubator is not available. So far i know no such study was conducted before in our country, this study was carried out to show the effectiveness of warm cot care in comparison to incubator care. The present study was cross sectional descriptive type study conducted in the Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College over a period 1 year from January 2009 to December 2009. Fifty neonates weighing 1200-2000g with gestational age ? 30 weeks to 40 weeks were allocated to an incubator group and similar number with same criteria were taken as cot care group. In cot care group, those babies were selected that are not supposed to cot care due to lack of incubator. The study showed that there were no differences between infants warm cot care versus incubator care. The temperature of the study patients showed that 34(68.0%) and 36(72.0%) maintained normal temperature all the time during hospital stay prior to discharge and rest 16(32.0%) and 14(28.0%) in cot and incubator group respectively became either hypothermic or hyperthermic. Mild hypothermia/cold stress was 7(14.0%) in cot and 4(8.0%) in incubator group. Moderate hypothermia and severe hypothermia was none in both groups. Hyperthermia/fever was 9(18.0%) and 10(20.0%) in cot and incubator group respectively. Analysis reveals that no significant difference was found between two groups. The body temperature of the low birth weight babies (weighing1200-2000g) can be satisfactorily maintained in the low-cost warm cots without the help of incubators which are costly and not available in most of the health care facilities in the developing countries like Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16691 Community Based Medical Journal 2013 July: Vol.02 No 02: 4-8
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Snow, Nicholas J., Jason F. L. Blair, Graham Z. MacDonald, Jeannette M. Byrne, and Fabien A. Basset. "Barefoot running does not affect simple reaction time: an exploratory study." PeerJ 6 (April 9, 2018): e4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Converging evidence comparing barefoot (BF) and shod (SH) running highlights differences in foot-strike patterns and somatosensory feedback, among others. Anecdotal evidence from SH runners attempting BF running suggests a greater attentional demand may be experienced during BF running. However, little work to date has examined whether there is an attentional cost of BF versus SH running. Objective This exploratory study aimed to examine whether an acute bout of BF running would impact simple reaction time (SRT) compared to SH running, in a sample of runners naïve to BF running. Methods Eight male distance runners completed SRT testing during 10 min of BF or SH treadmill running at 70% maximal aerobic speed (17.9 ± 1.4 km h−1). To test SRT, participants were required to press a hand-held button in response to the flash of a light bulb placed in the center of their visual field. SRT was tested at 1-minute intervals during running. BF and SH conditions were completed in a pseudo-randomized and counterbalanced crossover fashion. SRT was defined as the time elapsed between the light bulb flash and the button press. SRT errors were also recorded and were defined as the number of trials in which a button press was not recorded in response to the light bulb flash. Results Overall, SRT later in the exercise bouts showed a statistically significant increase compared to earlier (p < 0.05). Statistically significant increases in SRT were present at 7 min versus 5 min (0.29 ± 0.02 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.02 s, p < 0.05) and at 9 min versus 2 min (0.29 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.03 s, p < 0.05). However, BF running did not influence this increase in SRT (p > 0.05) or the number of SRT errors (17.6 ± 6.6 trials vs. 17.0 ± 13.0 trials, p > 0.05). Discussion In a sample of distance runners naïve to BF running, there was no statistically significant difference in SRT or SRT errors during acute bouts of BF and SH running. We interpret these results to mean that BF running does not have a greater attentional cost compared to SH running during a SRT task throughout treadmill running. Literature suggests that stride-to-stride gait modulation during running may occur predominately via mechanisms that preclude conscious perception, thus potentially attenuating effects of increased somatosensory feedback experienced during BF running. Future research should explore the present experimental paradigm in a larger sample using over-ground running trials, as well as employing different tests of attention.
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Armstrong, H. L. "Light on the behavior of light bulbs." Physics Teacher 23, no. 3 (March 1985): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2341752.
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May, Zazilah, and Hairil Hafizi Mohd Hashim. "Greenhouse Remote Control and Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Greenhouse offers a protective environment for crop production while allowing natural light transmission. Continuous control and monitoring of the greenhouse parameters is a pivotal part in the production practices. This paper aims to tackle the weaknesses of the current system in terms of costly and complex equipments, high maintenance cost, instability and inability to control and monitor from remote location. It describes how the innovative greenhouse control system can be characterized as an event-based system, where every control actions are primarily deliberated compared to the events formed by instabilities from surrounding elements. Proposed paper offers a costs-saving solution with low maintenance required, as well as producing a great performance results. This system eliminates the over-dependability of the industry on human workforce. Basically, the system will continuously measure, control and monitor two of the most important parameters, temperature and light intensity. Hardware such as LM35DZ temperature sensor and light dependent resistor (LDR) used to measure and send input signal to the controller. On the other hand, heating resistor and bulb are receiving output signal from the controller to regulate the controlled variable. The software-based controller able to control the processes while eliminating steady-state error and also give fast response to any changes in the input, or in the effect of disturbance into the system.
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Leff, Harvey S. "Illuminating physics with light bulbs." Physics Teacher 28, no. 1 (January 1990): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342924.
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Lee-Potter, Emma. "Don't Change the Light Bulbs." SecEd 2014, no. 33 (November 27, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2014.33.12.
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Classic, Kelly. "Light Bulbs and Smoke Detectors." Health Physics 91, suppl 1 (August 2006): S8—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000228930.73944.9e.
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Smith, N. "The Whole Story of Light Bulbs." Engineering & Technology 13, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2018.0906.
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Guilbert, Nicholas R. "Shedding some light on fluorescent bulbs." Physics Teacher 34, no. 1 (January 1996): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2344329.
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Madhusoodanan, Jyoti. "Genetic light bulbs illuminate the brain." Nature 574, no. 7778 (October 14, 2019): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03064-8.
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Riveros, H. G., and A. I. Oliva. "Experiment tests pressure in light bulbs." Physics Education 41, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/41/6/f04.
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