Дисертації з теми "Cost efficient powder"
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Hasan, MD Nazmul. "Distributed power electronics for extended efficiency and lifetime of utility-scale photovoltaic systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667562.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tesis se centra en la mitigación del desajuste debido al envejecimiento en los sistemas fotovoltaicos. La degradación de la corriente de cortocircuito se ha considerado el principal factor que afecta la producción de energía de los sistemas fotovoltaicos debido al envejecimiento. Aunque en el pasado se ha informado la dispersión en la corriente de cortocircuito y la corriente de potencia máxima, se ha subestimado la pérdida de energía debida a la dispersión. Además, se ha considerado la dispersión de los parámetros de voltaje-corriente a nivel de módulo para la mitigación de desajustes a nivel de submódulo, mientras que la potencia recuperable a nivel de submódulo puede ser mayor que la estimada. Para verificar la conformidad de los datos de nivel de submódulo a los datos de nivel de módulo, en esta investigación, las mediciones se han realizado a nivel de submódulo. Se muestra que la estimación de la pérdida de energía debido al envejecimiento basado en el nivel de módulo, los datos de dispersión han sido subestimados y, considerando los datos de desajuste de nivel de submódulos, la mejora de la vida útil de la energía puede ser de hasta 4-6%. Con el fin de mitigar los desequilibrios por envejecimiento en el sistema fotovoltaico, se propone un convertidor de ganancia unitaria,de baja potencia, aislado y bidireccional dc-dc. Se presenta el procedimiento de diseño y realización experimental del convertidor y su esquema de control. El transformador de alta frecuencia proporciona el aislamiento galvánico entre primario y secundario. Además, se han integrado inductores resonantes en el transformador, lo que reduce el tamaño y el coste del convertidor. Los resultados experimentales muestran una eficiencia de transferencia de potencia superior al 90% para cargas entre 1 W y 8 W. Se verifica el rendimiento del convertidor para la mitigación de desajustes. En el laboratorio, se han comprobado tres prototipos conectados con un módulo fotovoltaico siguiendo el enfoque de la arquitectura DPP PV-IP. Se observa que estos tres convertidores mitigan totalmente los desajustes entre los tres submódulos y proporcionan la máxima potencia posible. También se discute el impacto de la mitigación del desajuste por envejecimiento en el coste de la energia.
This thesis focused on mitigation of mismatch due to ageing in PV systems. Degradation of short circuit current has been considered the principle factor that affects the energy production of PV systems due to ageing. Although, dispersion in short circuit current and maximum power current has been reported in the past, the energy loss due to dispersion has been underestimated. Moreover, dispersion of voltage-current parameters at module level have been considered for mismatch mitigation at submodule level whereas the recoverable power at submodule level may higher than that has been estimated. In order verify the accordance of submodule level data to module level data, in this research, measurements have been done at submodule level. It is shown that estimation of energy loss due to ageing based on module level dispersion data has been underrated and considering submodule level mismatch data life time energy improvement an be possible up to 4-6 %. In order to mitigate the ageing mismatch in PV system, a dc-dc bidirectional isolated low power unity gain converter is proposed. Design procedure and experimental realization of the converter is presented. A control scheme that allows bidirectional power flow is also presented. High frequency ferrite ore transformer provides the galvanic isolation between primary and secondary. In addition, resonant inductors have been integrated in the transformer, which reduces the size and cost of the converter. Experimental results show power transfer efficiencies more than 90 % for loads between 1 W to 8 W. The performance of the converter for mismatch mitigation is verified. In the laboratory, three prototype converters are attached with a PV module following the DPP PV-IP architecture approach. It is observed that these three converters an fully mitigate mismatch among three submodules and provide maximum possible power. The impact of mitigation of ageing mismatch on levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is also discussed.
Kpondjo, Nadia. "Modélisation de la compétitivité industrielle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100127.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the concept of competitiveness of industrial units by the efficiency indicator obtained by DEA approach. We use a cross section data over four different years around 2009. The results show that these units are generally technically inefficient (inefficiency of the order of 1 to 5% by technology and region); their productive combination thus seems less than optimal. In addition, the inefficiency is more pronounced in the cost and allocation of resources by considering the inputs prices of an aluminum smelter in another. All this may explain the closures of recent years. We analyze the assessment of how external factors such as exchange rate, vintage and scale affect the smelters efficiency. Through a linear VECM model we have shown a long-term relationship between the financial performance of major car manufacturers and the price of aluminum alloy. This result is indicative of the interdependence between the two industries
Wang, Ran. "Market power, cost efficiency and pricing strategies of domestic airline industry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53930.
Повний текст джерелаHeng, Hui Yi. "Long-term distribution network pricing and planning to facilitate efficient power distribution." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527519.
Повний текст джерелаYu, David Daxiao. "Efficient rate and power allocation in wireline multi-user OFDM systems /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Повний текст джерелаDavila, Vilchis Juana Mariel. "A Study of Power Generation From a Low-cost Hydrokinetic Energy System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500174/.
Повний текст джерелаTombaz, Sibel. "On the Design of Energy Efficient Wireless Access Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144868.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20140505
Krygowski, Thomas Wendell. "A novel simultaneous diffusion technology for low-cost, high-efficiency silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22973.
Повний текст джерелаGqwaka, Aviwe Phelele Sebatian. "Efficiency analysis of electricity distribution by South African Municipalities: a cost frontier approach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10299.
Повний текст джерелаXu, Hongjie. "Energy-Efficient On-Chip Cache Architectures and Deep Neural Network Accelerators Considering the Cost of Data Movement." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263786.
Повний текст джерела京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第23325号
情博第761号
京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻
(主査)教授 小野寺 秀俊, 教授 大木 英司, 教授 佐藤 高史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Informatics
Kyoto University
DFAM
Kim, Jaehyuck. "Variable-Speed Switched Reluctance Motor Drives for Low-Cost, High-Volume Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77320.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Hatirli, Selim Adem. "A measurement of market power and/or cost efficiency in the U.S. frozen and potato chips subsectors /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488199501406309.
Повний текст джерелаDoshi, Parag Mahendra. "Fundamental understanding and integration of rapid thermal processing, PECVD, and screen printing for cost-effective, high-efficiency silicon photovoltaic devices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14783.
Повний текст джерелаAlfonso, Laguna Carlos de. "Efficient and elastic management of computing infrastructures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/57187.
Повний текст джерела[ES] En los Centros de Procesos de Datos (CPD) existe una gran concentración de dispositivos informáticos y de equipamiento electrónico. Sin embargo, algunos estudios han mostrado que la utilización media de los CPD está en torno al 50%, y que la utilización media de los servidores se encuentra entre el 10% y el 50%. Estos datos evidencian que existe una gran cantidad de energía destinada a alimentar equipamiento ocioso, y que podríamos conseguir un ahorro energético simplemente apagando los componentes que no se estén utilizando. En muchos CPD suele haber clusters de computadores que se utilizan para computación de altas prestaciones y para la creación de Clouds privados. Si bien se ha tratado de ahorrar energía utilizando componentes de bajo consumo, también es posible conseguirlo adaptando los sistemas a la carga de trabajo en cada momento. En los últimos años han surgido trabajos que investigan la aplicación de criterios energéticos a la hora de seleccionar en qué servidor, de entre los que forman un cluster, se debe ejecutar un trabajo o alojar una máquina virtual. En muchos casos se trata de conseguir equipos ociosos que puedan ser apagados, pero habitualmente se asume que dicho apagado se hace de forma automática, y que los equipos se encienden de nuevo cuando son necesarios. Sin embargo, es necesario hacer una planificación de encendido y apagado de máquinas para minimizar el impacto en el usuario final. En esta tesis nos planteamos la gestión elástica y eficiente de infrastructuras de cálculo tipo cluster, con el objetivo de reducir los costes asociados a los componentes ociosos. Para abordar este problema nos planteamos la automatización del encendido y apagado de máquinas en los clusters, así como la aplicación de técnicas de migración en vivo y de sobreaprovisionamiento de memoria para estimular la obtención de equipos ociosos que puedan ser apagados. Además, esta automatización es de interés para los clusters virtuales, puesto que también sufren el problema de los componentes ociosos, sólo que en este caso están compuestos por, en lugar de equipos físicos que gastan energía, por máquinas virtuales que gastan dinero en un proveedor Cloud comercial o recursos en un Cloud privado.
[CAT] En els Centres de Processament de Dades (CPD) hi ha una gran concentració de dispositius informàtics i d'equipament electrònic. No obstant això, alguns estudis han mostrat que la utilització mitjana dels CPD està entorn del 50%, i que la utilització mitjana dels servidors es troba entre el 10% i el 50%. Estes dades evidencien que hi ha una gran quantitat d'energia destinada a alimentar equipament ociós, i que podríem aconseguir un estalvi energètic simplement apagant els components que no s'estiguen utilitzant. En molts CPD sol haver-hi clusters de computadors que s'utilitzen per a computació d'altes prestacions i per a la creació de Clouds privats. Si bé s'ha tractat d'estalviar energia utilitzant components de baix consum, també és possible aconseguir-ho adaptant els sistemes a la càrrega de treball en cada moment. En els últims anys han sorgit treballs que investiguen l'aplicació de criteris energètics a l'hora de seleccionar en quin servidor, d'entre els que formen un cluster, s'ha d'executar un treball o allotjar una màquina virtual. En molts casos es tracta d'aconseguir equips ociosos que puguen ser apagats, però habitualment s'assumix que l'apagat es fa de forma automàtica, i que els equips s'encenen novament quan són necessaris. No obstant això, és necessari fer una planificació d'encesa i apagat de màquines per a minimitzar l'impacte en l'usuari final. En esta tesi ens plantegem la gestió elàstica i eficient d'infrastructuras de càlcul tipus cluster, amb l'objectiu de reduir els costos associats als components ociosos. Per a abordar este problema ens plantegem l'automatització de l'encesa i apagat de màquines en els clusters, així com l'aplicació de tècniques de migració en viu i de sobreaprovisionament de memòria per a estimular l'obtenció d'equips ociosos que puguen ser apagats. A més, esta automatització és d'interés per als clusters virtuals, ja que també patixen el problema dels components ociosos, encara que en este cas estan compostos per, en compte d'equips físics que gasten energia, per màquines virtuals que gasten diners en un proveïdor Cloud comercial o recursos en un Cloud privat.
Alfonso Laguna, CD. (2015). Efficient and elastic management of computing infrastructures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/57187
TESIS
Sutrisno, Harry. "Techno-Economic Study on The Alternative Power and Cooling Systems Design for Cost & Energy-Efficient Edge Cloud Data Center(s)." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302990.
Повний текст джерела5G-tekniken har möjliggjort prestandakänsliga applikationer med låg latens och höga bandbreddskrav, vilket har ställt högre krav på låg latens för datatjänster. För att möta detta behov förutspås ett småskaligt datacenter - edge cloud – växa i framtiden. På grund av dess användarnära natur kan tillväxten av edge clouds i tätområden orsaka problem med det befintliga kraftsystemet. Förutom denna kraftsystemutmaning kräver edge cloud också en högre resurskostnad än storskaliga datacenter på grund av skalfördelarna. I denna avhandling introduceras fyra alternativa energi- och kyltekniker för att hantera dessa utmaningar. Dessa fyra tekniker är solpanel, vertikalaxel vindturbin (VAWT), bakdörrvärmeväxlare (RDHx), och nedsänkningskylning. Detaljerad information om edge cloud erfordras för att förstå bidraget från dessa fyra tekniker. På grund av edge clouds tidiga stadium är all nödvändig data dock inte tillgänglig, vaför antaganden om görs. Förutom det krävs också en kostnadsmodell för edge cloud för att visa hur betydande bidraget från den alternativa tekniken är om den jämförs med den totala ägandekostnaden. I denna avhandling utökas kostnadsmodellen för edge cloud för de alternativa energi- och kylsystemscenarierna. Med antagen data för ett edge cloud genomförs en känslighetsanalys för att avgöra om alternativa energi- och kyltekniker kan sänka kostnaden för edge cloud-resurser eller inte. Kostnadsmodelleringen visar att VAWT och nedsänkningskylning inte är möjlig för det specifika antagna datacentret. Å andra sidan kan solpanel spara 4,55% av datacentrets elförbrukning (motsvarande 0,21% minskning av den totala kostnaden när den beräknas med det aktuella elpriset). Dessutom presterade RDHx bättre med 22,73% av datacenters elutgifter (motsvarande 8,35% av besparingen från totalkostnaden när den beräknas med det aktuella elpriset).
Sternberg, Kyle Matthew. "High power, high efficiency, low cost DC/DC converters for laser test equipment and residential fuel cell applications." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/sternberg/SternbergK1209.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSimpasa, Anthony Musonda. "Performance of Zambian Commercial Banks in the Post-Liberalisation Period: Evidence on Cost Efficiency, Competition and Market Power." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5693.
Повний текст джерелаLundquist, Philip. "Operation strategies of using energy storage for improving cost efficiency of wind farms. : Examining emergency power supply and support services." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447078.
Повний текст джерелаRistow, Alan Hugo. "Numerical modeling of uncertainty and variability in the technology, manufacturing, and economics of crystalline silicon photovoltaics." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24643.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Rohatgi, Ajeet; Committee Co-Chair: Begovic, Miroslav; Committee Member: Gaylord, Thomas; Committee Member: Harley, Ronald; Committee Member: Jarrett, Christopher; Committee Member: Kippelen, Bernard
Chen, Penghao. "Improvement of the Operating Efficiency and Initial Costs of a Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Array through Voltage Clamping." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333654173.
Повний текст джерелаDas, Barun Kumar. "Optimisation of stand-alone hybrid energy systems for power and thermal loads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2150.
Повний текст джерелаLundin, Rasmus, and Benjamin Beitler-Dorch. "Modelling and Analysis of Mobile Energy Transmission for Offshore Wind Power : An analysis of flow batteries as an energy transmission system for offshore wind power." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40082.
Повний текст джерелаCassidy, Brian Michael. "A Constant ON-Time 3-Level Buck Converter for Low Power Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73211.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Coldebella, Anderson. "Viabilidade do uso do biogás da bovinocultura e suinocultura para geração de energia elétrica e irrigação em propriedades rurais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/382.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work had as an objective to evaluate the viability of the use of biogas proceeding from the activities of bovine culture of milk and swine culture in sets motor generator and motor bomb to the irrigation in agricultural properties. The experiment was done in the city of Toledo/PR, in two different properties, one with its activities directed to the bovine culture of milk with 130 animals in a regimen of confinement and the other property with its activities directed to the swine culture, working as a pig producer unit with a breeding of 1,000 breeders. Both of the properties use biodigestors to the treatment of the generated effluents and they have as byproducts the biogas and the biofertilizer. To establish the consumption of biogas per HP/hour it was used a compressor to supply a bag named gas-tank. With the amount of biogas known inside the gas-tank, it was connected to the engines, which remained working until the consumption of all the biogas. To the biogas from the bovine culture the consumption was of 0,981 m3/HP/hour to the set of motor bomb and of 2,77 m3/HP/hour to the set of motor generator, while that for the biogas from swine culture the consumption was of 1,113 m3 /HP/hour and 0,791 m3/HP/hour to motor generator and motor bomb respectively. The efficiency to the power production was of 4.14% to the biogas from bovines and of 10,3% to the biogas from swines. Considering the time of amortization of 10 years, the cost of the biogas was of R$ 0,229 / m3 for bovines and of 0,063 / m3 for swines. The cost of the electrical power generated is related to the applying of the capacity of the plan and to the cost of biogas, to the biogas from the bovine culture the cost of the generated power was of R$ 465,07/MWh and to the biogas from swine culture the cost was of R$ 90,86/MWh, considering that both of the plans be operating fir 10 hours a day. The time of return for the investment depends on the initial investment and on the price of the electric power charged by the power company, with a tariff of R$ 300,00/MWh operating the generation system for four hours a day and considering the economy generated with the irrigation system, the time of return found was of 4.3 and 6.7 years to bovines and swines respectively. Besides that, the biofertilizer generated from bovines can fertilize 37 hectares a year and the biofertilizer generated from swines can fertilize 480 hectares a year. Despite the low levels of efficiency to power generation, the time of investment return is reasonable and it can become shorter if the economy generated by the use of the biofertilizer is considered.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso do biogás proveniente das atividades de bovinocultura de leite e suinocultura em conjuntos motor gerador e motor bomba para irrigação em propriedades rurais. O experimento foi realizado no município de Toledo/PR, em duas propriedades, uma com as atividades voltadas para bovinocultura de leite com 130 cabeças em regime de confinamento e outra com as atividades voltadas a suinocultura trabalhando como unidade produtora de leitões com um plantel de 1.000 matrizes. Ambas as propriedades utilizam biodigestores para tratamento dos efluentes gerados e tem como subprodutos o biogás e o biofertilizante. Para determinar o consumo de biogás por HP/hora foi utilizado um compressor para abastecer uma bolsa denominada de gasômetro. Com a quantidade de biogás conhecida dentro do gasômetro o mesmo foi conectado aos motores que permaneceram em funcionamento até consumir todo biogás. Para o biogás da bovinocultura o consumo foi de 0,981m³/HP/hora para o conjunto motor bomba e de 2,77m³/HP/hora para o conjunto motor gerador, enquanto que para o biogás de suinocultura o consumo foi de 1,113m³/HP/hora e 0,791m³/HP/hora para gerador e bomba respectivamente. A eficiência para produção de energia foi de 4,14% para o biogás de bovinos e de 10,3% para o biogás de suínos. Considerando o tempo de amortização de 10 anos o custo do biogás foi de R$ 0,229 por m³ para bovinos e de R$ 0,063 por m³ para suínos. O custo da energia elétrica gerada está em função do aproveitamento da capacidade da planta e do custo do biogás, para o biogás da bovinocultura o custo da energia gerada foi de R$ 465,07 por MWh e para o biogás de suinocultura o custo foi de R$ 90,86 por MWh considerando que ambas as plantas estejam operando durante 10 horas diárias. O tempo de retorno do investimento depende do investimento inicial e do valor da tarifa de energia elétrica cobrada pela concessionária, com uma tarifa de R$ 300,00 por MWh operando o sistema de geração por 4 horas diárias e considerando a economia gerada com o sistema de irrigação o tempo de retorno encontrado foi de 4,3 e 6,7 anos para bovinos e suínos respectivamente. Além disso, o biofertilizante gerado pelos bovinos pode fertilizar 37 ha/ano e o gerado pelos suínos 480 ha/ano. Apesar dos baixos níveis de eficiência para geração de energia o tempo de retorno do investimento é razoável e pode se tornar menor se for considerada a economia gerada pelo uso do biofertilizante.
Ajayi, Victor A. "Essays on deregulation in the electricity generation sector." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27614.
Повний текст джерелаBoyko, Vladimir, and Jürgen Weber. "Combinations of energy saving measures in pneumatics." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71216.
Повний текст джерелаКозак, Катерина Миколаївна, та Kateryna Mykolaivna Kozak. "Системний підхід до оцінки енергоефективності джерел світла та освітлювальних установок". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулюя, 2014. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5095.
Повний текст джерелаДисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.09.07 – світлотехніка та джерела світла. Тернопільський наці-ональний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, Тернопіль 2014. Дисертація присвячена розвитку науково-технічних основ оцінки енерго-ефективності джерел світла та освітлювальних установок, побудованих на їх основі. Доведено, що найбільш достовірним методом оцінки енергоефективності джерел світла, незалежно від фізичних принципів їхньої дії, є метод, оснований на оцінці енергоефективності за питомою вартістю одиниці світлової енергії, ви-робленої джерелом світла за середню тривалість його світіння. Запропоновано аналітичний вираз для розрахунку економії електричної енергії для будь-яких функціональних залежностей регулювання світлового по-току джерел світла. Доведено, що динаміка перехідного процесу спаду світло-вого потоку напівпровідникових джерел світла від моменту ввімкнення до пе-реходу в усталений режим, а також протягом експлуатації в межах середньої тривалості світіння, з достатньої для практики точністю описується різницею падаючої і зростаючої експоненціальних функцій з різними сталими часу та сталими інтегрування. Доведено, що одночасне зменшення діаметру розрядної трубки і струму, що протікає через люмінесцентну лампу, призводить до суттєвого зростання відносних значень напруги на лампі, обмежуючи можливості виготовлення по-тужних ЛЛ для електричних мереж промислової частоти напругою 220-240 В. Запропоновано концепцію конструювання безблискісних світлодіодних світильників. Доведено, що автомобільні дороги найкраще освітлювати золоти-сто-жовтим світлом РЛВТ типу ДНаТ, а пішохідні переходи додатково ще й спеціалізованими світлодіодними освітлювальними приладами.
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.09.07 – светотехника и источники света. – Тернопольский национальный технический университет имени Ивана Пулюя, Тернополь, 2014. Диссертация посвящена развитию научно-технических основ оценки эне- ргоэффективности источников света и осветительных установок, построенных на их основе. Доказано, что наиболее достоверным методом оценки энергоэф- фективности источников света, независимо от физически принципов их работы, является метод, основанный на оценке энергоэффективности по удельной стои- мости единицы световой энергии, выработанной источником света за среднюю продолжительность его свечения. Разработана математическая модель для расчета достоверних значений экономии электрической энергии для любых функциональных зависимостей регулирования светового потока источников света. Доказано, что динамика пе- реходного процесса спада светового потока полупроводниковых источников света от момента включения до перехода в установившийся режим, а также в течение эксплуатации в пределах средней продолжительности свечения, с до- статочной для практики точностью описывается разницей спадающей и возрас- тающей экспоненциальных функций с различными по величине постоянными времени и постоянными интегрирования. Доказано, что одновременное уменьшение диаметра разрядной трубки и тока через люминесцентную лампу приводит к существенному росту относи- тельных значений напряжения на лампе, ограничивая возможности изготовле- ния мощных ЛЛ для электрических сетей промышленной частоты напряжением 220-230 В. 19 Предложена концепция конструирования безблесткостных светодиодных светильников. Доказано, что автомобильные дороги лучше всего освещать зо- лотисто-желтым светом РЛВД типа ДНаТ, а пешеходные переходы дополни- тельно еще и специализированными светодиодными осветительными прибора- ми.
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Technical Sciences, Speciality 05.09.07 – Light Engineering and Light Sources. – Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj State Technical University, Ternopil, 2014. The thesis deals with the development of scientific and technical bases of assessment of light sources and lighting settings’ energy efficiency manufactured on their basis. It has been proved that the most reliable, comprehensive and scientifically sound evaluation method of energy efficiency of light sources regardless of physical principles of their functioning is the method based on the assessment of energy efficiency by the specific cost per unit of light energy produced by a light source within an average duration of its luminescence. That is caused by the fact that in estimating there has been taken into account the maximum possible number of available parameters (the cost of light sources and the minimum of start-control devices necessary for them, the power of light sources, luminous efficiency of a light sources set plus start-control devices and an average duration of glow) which influence energy efficiency in the greatest degree. There has been developed a mathematical model for calculating realistic values of electrical еnergy savings for any functional dependencies of luminous flux light sources regulation, taking into account the power losses in electromagnetic ballast chokes. It has been proved that the dynamics of the transition process of semiconductor light sources’ luminous flux decrease from the moment of switching to the moment of transition into a steady mode, as well as within an average duration of glow, is described (with accuracy sufficient for practical purposes) by the difference of decreasing and increasing exponential functions of constants of time and integration of various magnitude, which made it possible: a) to evaluate the contribution of each transient thermal resistance (light emitting diode-radiator, radiator-environment) to the process of the excessive heat transfer from a driver and LEDs to the environment; b) to suggest a method of determining an optimal value of nominal current generated on the basis of LED lighting products in terms of providing a necessary magnitude of an average duration of glow; c) to determine the amount of light energy generated within any pre-specified period of time. 20 Based on the analysis and generalization of the obtained and published experi- mental data there has been constructed an mathematical model of electrical and lighting parameters of semiconductor light sources in the form of system equations, which made it possible to determine their energy efficiency in the process of luminous flux regulation. There has been introduced the concept of spatial pulsations of the luminous flux which made it possible: a) to formulate the requirements for the rational distribution in rooms of two and four lamp fixtures made under a split phase scheme for the network power frequency of 50 Hz; b) to explain the causes for the increase (decrease) of the luminous flux pulsation coefficient of white light from heat and discharge light sources in passing through bulbs of coloured light sources or coloured filters. It has been proved that a simultaneous decrease of the discharge tube diameter and the current through a fluorescent lamp leads to a significant increase in the relative values of voltage in a lamp (due to the increase of the potential gradient in a positive pillar of discharge) limiting the possibility of manufacturing not only powerful low-pressure discharge lamps, but also the increase of the luminous efficiency and operation in a chain of an industrial network with electromagnetic start-control devices. There has been set forward the concept of designing anti-glare light emitting diodes luminaires based on multicomponentness, namely the transition from general to zonal lighting, from the category of "lamp" to the category of "lighting apparatus", from powerful to small and medium-power LEDs with light beams redirection by means of reflective systems and secondary optical lens to avoid hyper-brightness cells formation. It has been proved that highways are better illuminated by golden-yellow light of high intensity discharge lamps of the high-pressure sodium vapor type while pedestrian crossings – by additional specialized LED lighting fixtures that would operate only in the periods when at a pedestrian crossing area there will be both vehicles and pedestrians (a pedestrian), which will make it possible not only to increase the energy efficiency of lighting settings, but also to reduce the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians. It has been found out that for light sources with continuously declining dependency of energy efficiency the regulation of the luminous flux in terms of the normalized specific cost per unit of light energy produced by a light source in the process of dimming the best mode of exploitation is the on-off one based on the usage of presence sensors.
Mikloš, Adrián. "Optimalizace energetické náročnosti obchodního centra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377041.
Повний текст джерелаMonastyrenko, Evgenii. "Essays in international trade and energy." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E018/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Chapter 1 I investigate firm-level efficiency outcomes of mergers between the European energy producers. I compute eco-efficiency using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. I find that carefully regulated domestic horizontal mergers do not have a statistically significant impact. Cross-border horizontal mergers hamper eco-efficiency in the short run but stimulate it two years after completion. Vertical mergers are detrimental to eco-efficiency. I put forward policy suggestions regarding the regulation of mergers. Chapter 2 is joint work with Julian Hinz. We investigate the effects of self-imposed Russian embargo on food import from Western countries. We build a Ricardian model with sectoral linkages, trade in intermediate goods and sectoral heterogeneity in production. The calibration of the model with real data allows to simulate the outcomes of embargo in terms of changes in welfare and prices. We further quantify the impact on consumer prices in Russia with the difference-in-differences estimator. Chapter 3 is based on a paper co-written with Cristina Herghelegiu. We investigate the use of International Commercial Terms. They are pre-defined schemes of repartition of costs and risks between buyers and sellers, which serve to mitigate the uncertainty. We rely on a highly detailed dataset on Russian exports over the 2012-2015 period. We find that big firms are more likely to take on responsibilities. Big buyers bear more responsibilities regardless of the seller size, whereas big sellers do so only when their partner is small. Risks and costs are more likely on buyers in transactions of intermediate and capital goods
Chen, Pei-Yu, and 陳姵妤. "Power-Efficient and Cost-Effective 2-D Symmetry Filter Architectures." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c7uh73.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
106
In this dissertation, two-dimensional (2-D) VLSI digital filter architectures possessing various symmetries in the filter magnitude response are studied for the first time. For this purpose, Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 power-efficient and cost-effective 2-D magnitude symmetry filter architectures possessing diagonal, four-fold rotational, quadrantal, and octagonal symmetries with reduced number of multipliers are given. For each Type (1-3), four structures incorporating each of the above symmetries are presented. In all 12 single symmetry structures are studied. Further, two power-efficient and cost-effective multimode 2-D symmetry filters are given. By combining the identities of four each of the Type-1 and Type-3 symmetry filter structures, the proposed Type-1 and Type-3 multimode 2-D symmetry filters can provide four different operation modes: diagonal symmetry mode (DSM), four-fold rotational symmetry mode (FRSM), quadrantal symmetry mode (QSM), and octagonal symmetry mode (OSM). Besides, the symmetry filter architectures using delta operator are also proposed for better numerical accuracy and lower coefficient sensitivity in narrow-band filter designs. According to ASIC implementation flow, Synopsys Design Compiler is employed to synthesize the Type-1 2-D filter designs in RTL level and Cadence SOC Encounter is adopted for placement and routing (P&R) in TSMC 0.18um. The power dissipation implementation result is measured via Synopsys PrimePower. The Type-1 diagonal, four-fold rotational, quadrantal, and octagonal symmetry filter structures can attain power savings of 16.77%, 36.30%, 22.90%, and 37.73% with respect to that of the conventional 2-D filter design without symmetry. On the other hand, the Type-1 DSM, FRSM, QSM, and OSM modes can reduce power consumption by 11.01%, 31.42%, 17.53%, and 35.26% compared with that of the conventional 2-D filter design. The Type-1 multimode filter can result in 63.25% area reduction compared with the sum of the areas of the four individual Type-1 symmetry filter structures. Besides, we also provide Type-2 and Type-3 symmetry filter architectures with different structures and shorter critical paths.
Dumpala, Naveen Kumar. "Energy Efficient Loop Unrolling for Low-Cost FPGAs." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/576.
Повний текст джерелаTao, Yi-Hsuan, and 陶義萱. "Market power and cost efficiency: the case of Taiwan cement industry." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98160274561308019403.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
101
Traditional industrial economics assume that highly oligopolistic industry firms were able to gained excess profits due to firm collusion(Bain, 1951, 1956). The efficiency hypothesis(Demsetz, 1973, 1974)argues that the excess Economic rents gained by the highly oligopolistic industry firms were due to the higher efficiency of large firms. However, the highly oligopoly market firms may have better cost efficiency, but they may also abuse market power(Martin, 2006, pp.148-149). This paper used the industry econometric model developed by Azzam(1997)to evaluate the potential market power and cost efficiency that the cement industries in Taiwan may have. This study used the data collected from January of 2001 to December of 2011 from the cement industries in Taiwan. Empirical results indicated that if the market concentration increases by 1%, the firms will be able to increase the market price by 0.49% due to the increased in market power. However, at the same time, this phenomenon will cause a 0.48% decrease in market price due to the increased in cost efficiency. Therefore, the overall conclusion is, with 1% increase in market concentration will only increases the market price by 0.01%.
chang, Chih-hung, and 張志鴻. "Cost-efficient Embedded System Design Considering Performance and Power Based on Instruction Execution Frequencies." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7gzkj8.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
93
In designing an embedded system, three issues -- hardware cost, system performance, and power consumption -- have to be taken carefully into consideration. We present an embedded system design which is cost-efficient and which considers performance and power consumption based on the frequency with which instructions are executed. We use the locality of running programs to optimize the use of memory space, system performance, and power consumption; that is, we compress infrequently executed codes to save the use of memory space but compress (encode) frequently executed codes to power consumption and maximize performance. According to the locality of executed programs, 90% execution time is used by 10% of the static object codes. As a result, we compress 90% of the static object codes to obtain our main data compression ratio to reduce the use of memory space. However, performance and power consumption are relevant to execution process, so we compress 10% of the frequently executed object codes to improve both performance and power consumption by reducing the number of memory access times. We encode the frequently executed instructions as shorter code words and then we pack continuous code words into a pseudo instruction. Once the decompression engine fetches one pseudo instruction, it can extract multiple instructions. Therefore, memory access can be efficiently reduced because of space locality. We also propose a multiple look ahead table method that solves the problem of big codeword sizes. This problem arises due to the reduction in instructions from one-time memory access which occurs because the great amount of frequently executed instructions. From our simulation results, our method with one 256-instruction reference table does not increase the compression ratio, and the ratio of the power consumption can be reduced by about 47.23% than compressing all instructions. However, when one 512-instruction reference table is used, the ratio of the power consumption is reduced by 37.25% only. When two reference tables that contain 256 instructions in each table are used, the power consumption can be improved by 49.36%; that is, using two 256-instruction reference table makes 12.11% less power consumption than using one 512-instruction reference table. According to the simulation results, our proposed methods based on the frequencies of executed instructions result in low power consumption, performance improvement and reduced memory space.
Ng, Joan. "Efficiency of Incandescent and Fluorescent Light Bulbs: a Comparative Analysis on Cost and Power Usage." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7912.
Повний текст джерелаShih, Shan-Hui, and 施善惠. "High efficiency GaAs thin film solar cell with low fabricated cost and applied to portable power source." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24522367208648845298.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
精密工程學系所
104
This study focused on using chemical selective etching (CSE) to fabricate GaAs thin-film solar cells and discussed their characteristics. Additionally, the technique of the recyclable GaAs substrate was developed and realized. This was not only able to obtain a high efficiency solar cell, but also reduce the fabrication cost. All GaAs solar cells were applied to mobile power packs for comparing their device performance. Under CSE process, the AlAs was regarded as a sacrificial layer, which was be etched to assist in the separation of the solar cell epilayer from GaAs substrate. Then the GaAs substrate could be recycled for the next usage as a growth template. The finishing time of completely separating the whole epilayer from four-inch GaAs cell was about 6-10 hours. Thin film solar cells can be transferred to Ni substrate with high thermal dissipation and light weight by means of CSE process. On the other hand, the recycled GaAs substrate was cleaned by the mixture solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia and the mixture solution of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, and then it could be reused for the solar cell epitaxial growth by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Afterwards, this thin film solar cell was coated with the n-type electrode and an anti-reflective layer to increase the optical path for enhancing the photocurrent. This thesis composed three parts. First of all, the influences of different skills including bending and unbending temporary substrates on the characteristics of solar cells were discussed. In the second part, four different areas of solar cells were designed, such as 0.03 cm2, 0.25 cm2, 0.64 cm2, and 1 cm2, respectively. In addition, the effects of distinct materials of anti-reflective layers and two kinds of base layer thicknesses on the characteristics of devices were also explored. Finally, the GaAs-based solar cells were actually used to fabricate a module of portable power source. Furthermore, the performance of the portable power source constructed by GaAs-based solar cell was compared with that built by commercial Si-based solar cells.
Barnett, Raymond Elijah. "High efficiency RF to DC conversion and ultra-low-power analog front end circuits for low-cost field-powered UHF RFID /." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1441203891&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаYin-Pi, Huang, and 黃銀筆. "A Study on the Management Efficiency of Taipower's Thermal Power Plants through the Models of the Trend of the Unit Generating Cost." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62601544798385037193.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
管理科學研究所
82
@ 衡量電廠營運效率的方法很多,而研究單位發電成本,即發出一瓩小 時電的成本,作為評估依據堪稱最具體,但限於電力系統營運之特性,若 僅以電廠實際成本為研究範圍,則失之主觀,故在100%可用率下發電量所 計算出之可用成本來衡量應較具代表性,因此將單位發電成本再細分為基 本成本、不可用成本及調度成本做為探討電廠營運效率的依據,以利於分 析及解釋個別電廠單位發電成本之增減。 @ 本研究之方法是從生產面 考量,總生產力為總產出對總投入之比值,此比值愈高表示效率愈好,單 位發電成本為總投入對總產出之比值,亦即在同一期間電廠之營業費用與 發電量之比值,是總生產力的倒數,故此比值愈低代表效率愈好,並依會 計成本法的資料,經由投入項與產出項之適當調整及12個月移動平均數法 的處理,建立單位發電成本趨勢模型,再將所選用電廠之相關資料代入模 型中以計算出各項成本,並以可成本為因變數,可用率、淨廠效率及不含 燃料費之營業費用為自變數,且加入虛擬變數來建立多元線性迴歸模型, 用以解說可用成本變動的影響因素及其對燃油燃煤間影響之差異程度,亦 即影響電廠營運效率的因素及其差異程度,做為電廠營運的參考。 @ 評估模型建立後,本論文特以台電公司HH廠及HT廠作實証研究,以多元線 性迴歸方法處理該模型所得之可用成本資料,得迴歸函數之估計式為 CAB = 212.602 - 0.2265 AVA-2.8887 EFF + 0.161 EXP-14.327 DUMMY- 0.1901 DAVA. 發現在相同的條件下(即可用率、淨廠效率及不含燃料費之 營業費用相同),燃油比燃煤電廠之可用成本為高且有顯著的差異,又可 用成本受可用率的影響將因燃油或燃煤電廠而有顯著差異,即可用率每增 加一單位其影響可用成本之差異為 0.19分/每度。淨廠效率及不含燃料費 之營業費用對可用成本的影響,燃油或燃煤電廠間沒有顯著差異。
"Economic regulation in the brazilian electric power supply sector: a methodology for defining production efficiency frontier and estimating the x-factor." Tese, MAXWELL, 2004. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=5566:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
Повний текст джерелаBushe, Bernard. "The efficacy of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in labour dispute resolution : a critical comparative analysis of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26223.
Повний текст джерелаMercantile Law
LL.M.
Singh, Inderjeet 1978. "Risk-averse periodic preventive maintenance optimization." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4203.
Повний текст джерелаtext