Дисертації з теми "Cosmetics use"
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1
Keil, Lesley Claire. "Putting your best face forward: relationships between cosmetics use, self-esteem, body image, and self-perceived attractiveness." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407156852.
2
Stewart, Susan Margaret. "From Ovid to the Price Edict : women under the Roman Empire, their use of cosmetics, perfumes and its significance." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496478.
3
Yoder, Traci L. ""Is use of cosmetics anti-Socialist?" gendered consumption and the fashioning of urban womanhood in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1975-1990 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014375.
4
Freitas, Beatriz Resende. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de folhas de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. visando sua aplicação como conservante em preparações cosméticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-23122016-094320/.
Анотація:
O potencial farmacológico de espécies do gênero Lippia no tratamento de infecções é conhecido popularmente, assim foi considerado o estudo da atividade da Lippia salviaefolia nativa do cerrado brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. e sua citotoxicidade, visando aplicação como conservante natural em formulações cosméticas. O ensaio antimicrobiano foi realizado através do método de difusão em placa e determinação do CMI por de microdiluição em microplacas, utilizando os microrganismos: P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 8739, C. albicans ATCC 10231. Desenvolveu-se e avaliou-se a estabilidade acelerada de cremes, geis e xampus contendo o extrato de Lippia salviaefolia. As formulações de melhor desempenho quanto à estabilidade foram submetidas ao teste de eficácia de conservante. Avaliou-se segurança das formulações in vitro, em substituto cutâneo dermo-epidérmico por meio de estudos histológicos e o teste de citotoxicidade em cultura de queratinócitos humanos. No teste de atividade antimicrobiana verificou-se que a fração de acetato de etila e a fração de clorofórmio foram frações mais ativas com CMI de 0,2 % para bactérias e fungos. Os testes de eficácia de conservante das formulações contendo fr. ac. etila de L. salviaefolia apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana para bactérias e C. albicans em creme, gel e xampu, para A. niger apresentaram atividade adequada somente em xampu. No teste de citoxicidade foi verificado segurança em concentrações a partir de 0,05 %. Sendo que na concentração de 0,2 %, correspondente ao CMI, se atinge a faixa de segurança apenas com meia hora de contato. Os resultados sugerem que a fração de acetato de etila da Lippia salviaefolia Cham. pode ser utilizada como conservante natural em produtos cosméticos.The pharmacological potential of species of the Lippia in the treatment of infections has been known popularly, thus was considered the study of the activity of the native salviaefolia Lippia of the Brazilian Cerrado. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Lippia salviaefolia Cham. and its citotoxicy aiming the application as natural preservative in cosmetic formulations. The assay antimicrobial was carried through the method of diffusion in plate and determination of the MIC by microdilution, having used the microorganisms: P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 8739, C. albicans ATCC 10231. It has developed and evaluated the stability of creams, gels and xampus with the extract of Lippia salviaefolia Cham. The formulations of the best stability performance have submitted to preservative efficacy test. The safe of the formulations has histological evaluated by in vitro. In the test of antimicrobial activity it has verified that the ethyl acetate and the chloroform fraction have been the most active and with CMI of 0.2 % for bacteria and fungus. The tests of effectiveness of preservatives have showed of the formulations contend the ethyl acetate fraction presented antimicrobial activity for bacteria and C. albican in cream, gel and shampoo. On the other hand, against A.niger it has been suitable activity in shampoo. In the citotoxity test, the 0,05 % ethyl acetate fraction has presented interval of security. And in the concentration of 0,2%, corresponding to CMI, safety\'s strip is just reached with half hour of contact. The results have suggested that the ethyl acetate extract of the Lippia salviaefolia Cham. should be used as natural preservative in cosmetic products.
5
Bertin, Yuna. "Perception des cosmétiques et comportement d’usage : entre santé et beauté." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALH031.
Анотація:
L’usage de produits cosmétiques de maquillage et de soin est ancré dans le quotidien de nombreuses personnes, et est source d’un bien-être certain. Malgré la consommation considérable de ces produits au sein de la population et leurs enjeux sociaux et de santé, peu d’études se sont intéressées à l’étude des motivations et des freins sous-tendant l’usage des produits de maquillage, et encore moins aux motivations et freins sous-tendant l’usage des produits de soin. En outre, la perception qu’ont les individus des produits, et des risques pouvant être associés leur usage, n’a été que peu étudiée jusqu’à présent. Ce travail doctoral se propose d’explorer ces champs de recherche encore peu investigués, à travers deux objectifs. Le premier vise à étudier le comportement d’usage des produits de maquillage et de soin, en lien avec des variables relatives à l’apparence et à l’influence socioculturelle. Le second vise à identifier des déterminants de la perception des risques liés à l’usage des produits de maquillage et de soin, et à étudier cette perception du risque en lien avec la perception des bénéfices et l’usage des produits, et ce pour une population non-experte. Dans ce but, deux études sont conduites auprès de femmes françaises et majeures. Dans la première étude, exploratoire, 34 entretiens semi-directifs sont réalisés et analysés via une analyse thématique. Les résultats sont cohérents avec la littérature mettant en évidence le rôle des produits de maquillage et de soin dans l’appréciation de soi et le bien-être psychologique, et le rôle du maquillage en particulier dans la gestion des impressions renvoyées à autrui et l’expression d’une identité adaptée au contexte social. L’usage des produits de soin en particulier fait appel à des thématiques liées au vieillissement de l’apparence et au bien-être corporel. Cette première étude souligne le rôle du niveau d’information et de la confiance dans la perception des risques liés à l’usage de maquillage et de soin. Différents facteurs de risques perçus sont identifiés, tels que la composition des produits ou la perception du respect des normes de production. La seconde étude est un questionnaire en ligne, administré à 1274 participantes. Les données sont analysées via une modélisation par équations structurales. L’analyse des données indique des effets positifs des normes subjectives, de l’internalisation générale des standards de beauté, et de la saillance motivationnelle (dimension de l’investissement de l’apparence), ainsi qu’un effet négatif de la saillance auto-évaluative (dimension de l’investissement de l’apparence) et de l’âge, sur l’usage des produits de maquillage. L’usage des produits de soin est influencé positivement par l’âge, l’anxiété liée au vieillissement de l’apparence, les normes subjectives, l’internalisation générale des standards et la saillance motivationnelle, et influencé négativement par la saillance auto-évaluative. En outre, les analyses révèlent un effet négatif des croyances fatalistes, du niveau de connaissance subjectif et de la confiance (en la préoccupation des scientifiques et de l’industrie cosmétique envers la santé des usagers et l’environnement) sur la perception des risques liés à l’usage de produits de maquillage et de soin. Elles indiquent un effet significatif positif de la confiance (en l’honnêteté des scientifiques et de l’industrie cosmétique) sur la perception des bénéfices liés à l’usage de produits de maquillage et de soin, et une relation positive entre cette perception des bénéfices et l’usage des produits. Enfin, ce travail doctoral discute ces résultats au regard de la littérature et présente un ensemble de perspectives envisagées pour investiguer les questions de l’usage et de la perception des produits de maquillage et de soin de façon approfondieCosmetic make-up and skincare products are an integral part of many people’s lifes. Moreover, it can be seen as a source of well-being. Despite the considerable consumption of these products, and their social and health implications, few studies have looked into the motivations and disincentives underlying the use of make-up products. Furthermore, even fewer studies tap into the motivations and disincentives underlying the use of skincare products. Little research has been carried out assessing people's perceptions of products and the risks associated with their use. This doctoral project aims to explore this under-investigated field of research, with two objectives. Firstly, we aimed to study make-up and skincare product usage behavior, in relation to appearance and socio-cultural influence. The second aim was to identify the determinants of risk perception linked to the use of make-up and skincare products. Additionally, we aimed to study the risk perception in relation to the perception of benefits and product use, among a non-expert population. To this end, two studies were carried out among French women of legal age. In the first exploratory study, 34 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results are consistent with the literature highlighting the role of make-up and skincare products in self-appreciation and psychological well-being, and the role of make-up in particular in managing the impressions reflected back to others and expressing an identity adapted to the social context. The use of skincare products in particular calls on themes linked to aging appearance and bodily well-being. This first study highlights the role of knowledge and trust in the perception of risks associated with the use of make-up and skincare products. Various perceived risk factors were identified, such as product composition and perceived compliance with production standards. The second study was an online questionnaire, administered to 1,274 participants. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Data analysis indicates positive effects of subjective norms, general internalization of beauty standards, and motivational salience (appearance investment dimension), as well as a negative effect of self-evaluative salience (appearance investment dimension) and age, on make-up product use. The use of skincare products was positively influenced by age, anxiety about aging appearance, subjective norms, general internalization of standards and motivational salience, and negatively influenced by self-evaluative salience. In addition, the analyses revealed a negative effect of fatalistic beliefs, subjective knowledge level, and trust (in the concern of scientists and the cosmetics industry for the health of users and the environment) on the perception of risks associated with the use of make-up and skincare products. The analyses indicated a significant positive effect of trust (in the honesty of scientists and the cosmetics industry) on the perception of benefits linked to the use of make-up and skincare products, and a positive relationship between this perception of benefits and product use. Finally, this doctoral work discusses these results in relation to the literature, and presents a set of perspectives envisaged for investigating the issues of make-up and skincare product use and perception in depth
6
Tonin, Fernando Gustavo. "Análise de flavanóides por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar - otimização de separação e aplicações tecnológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-18052016-154514/.
Анотація:
No presente trabalho foram estudadas as separações de 18 flavonóides (9 agliconas e 9 glicosídeos) pelas técnicas de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência em fase reversa (RP-HPLC) e Cromatografia Micelar Eletrocinética em fluxo reverso (RF-Meck). Em ambas as técnicas foram avaliados solventes puros (metanol, acetonitrila e tetrahidrofurano) e suas misturas como formas de promover a variação de seletividade, através da modificação da fase móvel em HPLC, e da natureza do aditivo orgânico em RF-Meck. Nos estudos efetuados em HPLC utilizando-se gradiente, pode-se comprovar a possibilidade da modelagem do fator de retenção em funçã da proporção de solvente utilizados (MeOH, ACN, THF e suas misturas). Pode-se ainda, com base nos dados de retenção e na análise hierárquica de c1usters, diferenciar quatro diferentes grupos de sistemas cromatográficos com diferentes seletividades para flavonóides agliconas, e outros quatro com diferentes seletividades para glicosídeos. Os sistemas cromatográficos mais ortogonais (cada um pertencente a um grupo de seletividade) foram aplicados na separação de uma planta modelo (Azadirachta indica), de onde pode-se escolher a fase móvel mais seletiva para se otimizar a separação dos flavonóides glicosilados presentes nas folhas desta planta. No método final otimizado pode-se identificar e quantificar cinco dos flavonóides majoritários presentes, sendo três glicosídeos de quercetina (rutina, isoquercitrina e quercitrina) e dois glicosídeos de kaempferol (astragalin e nicotiflorin), em amostras de duas diferentes procedências (Piracicaba-SP e Silvânia-GO). Nos estudos envolvendo a separação dos dezoito flavonóides por RFMEKC pode-se comprovar diferenças significativas de seletividade quando se varia a natureza do solvente orgânico utilizado como aditivo, além de se observar tendências na migração em função das propriedades do solvente adicionado e da estrutura molecular do flavonóide. O solvente de menor eficiência para separação dos flavonóides foi o MeOH. Através da análise dos eletroferogramas obtidos através de um planejamento experimental de misturas, e das trocas de pares críticos observadas nos vários eletrólitos utilizados, obteve-se um método de separação com apenas um par crítico em menos de 12 minutos de corrida. O coeficiente de variação obtido para o fator de retenção foi de 1,5% e para área de 3%, considerando-se cinco injeções. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado com sucesso na identificação dos flavonóides majoritários presentes na planta modelo (Neem), obtendo-se o mesmo resultado do estudo anterior. Como forma de avaliar a concentração de flavonóides totais presentes em espécies vegetais é comum a análise de extratos após hidrólise ácida (conversão de todos glicosídeos em agliconas). Desta forma otimizou-se uma metodologia de separação em RP-HPLC de 8 flavonóides agliconas comumente presentes em alimentos e extratos vegetais de uso cosmético. A otimização foi efetuada mediante um planejamento experimental de misturas, para escolha da fase móvel mais seletiva, e de um planejamento fatorial composto central, para otimização das condições de gradiente. O método obtido foi o mais rápido já visto dentro da literatura consultada. A separação em linha de base foi efetuada em menos de 15 minutos, com coeficientes de variação de área entre 0,1 e 1,8%, coeficiente de correlação de 0,9993 a 0,9994 na faixa de 5 a 100 µg/mL, e limites de quantificação estimados na faixa de 0,1 a 0,21µg/mL. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado na otimização das condições de hidrólise de um extrato de Neem. A otimização foi efetuada através de metodologia de superfície de resposta, levando-se em consideração a concentração de ácido adicionada, o tempo de reação, a temperatura, e a concentração de um antioxidante (ácido ascórbico) adicionado. O resultado da otimização foi uma metodologia de hidrólise com tempo de reação igual a 5 minutos, utilizando-se 1,4 mol/L de HCI, 119°C e 500 µg/mL de ácido ascórbico. Através das metodologias de análise e de hidrólise desenvolvidas pode-se constatar a presença e quantificar no extrato de Neem os flavonóides agliconas quercetina, kaempferol e miricetina. Com o objetivo de se avaliar quais os componentes presentes em extratos vegetais são os responsáveis pelo poder antioxidante atribuído a determinadas plantas, foi montado um sistema de avaliação de poder antioxidante \"on-line\" com reação pós-coluna em HPLC (baseado na literatura) utilizando-se como \"radical livre modelo\" o ABTS. A análise da planta modelo (Neem) neste sistema mostrou que os flavonóides glicosilados identificados nas partes anteriores deste trabalho são os responsáveis pelo poder antioxidante atribuído a esta planta. De posse desta informação, e visando a obtenção de extratos para aplicações cosméticas com poder antioxidante, modelou-se a extração dos flavonóide do Neem em função da composição do solvente extrator (água, etanol , propilenoglicol e suas misturas), de acordo com um planejamento simplex centróide ampliado. Além da previsão da concentração dos princípios ativos pode-se ainda prever outras propriedades dos extratos obtidos, tais como, índice de refração e densidade, muitas vezes constituintes de especificações técnicas de acordo com as aplicações a que se destinam (cremes, xampús, etc).At this work, separation of 18 flavonoids (9 aglycones and 9 glycosides) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Reduced Flow Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (RF-MEKC) were evaluated. For both techniques, pure solvents (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) e their mixtures were evaluated as an approach of varying selectivity by changing mobile phase in HPLC and organic additive type in RF-MEKC. For HPLC studies using gradient elution, it was possible to guarantee the modeling for retention factor in function of organic solvent used (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran and theirs mixtures). It can be also confirmed, based on retention data and hierarquical clusters analysis, four different chromatographic groups with different selectivity for flavonoid aglycone, and four groups with different selectivity for glycosides. More orthogonal chromatographic systems (each one belonging to a selectivity group) were applied to Neem (Azadirachta Indica) analysis. From this study, it can be chosen the most selective mobile phase composition and optimize flavonoid glycosides separation present at Neem leaves. Applying optimized method, five major flavonoids can be identified and quantified, three quercetin glycosides (rutin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin) and two kaempferol glycosides (astragalin and nicotiflorin), at two samples from different origins (Piracicaba-SP and Silvânia-GO). For studies regarding eighteen flavonoids separation by RF-MEKC can be proved significant selectivity differences when distinct organic solvent are used as additive. Moreover, it can be noted tendencies in migration behaviour depending of solvent used and molecular structure of flavonoids. The solvent with less efficiency to f/avonoid separation is methanol. Analyzing electropherograms obtained by a design of mixtures and by criticai pairs changes observed in diverse electro/ytes, a separation method with only one criticai pair and 12 minutes run was obtained. Coefficient of variation obtained for retention factor was 1.5% and 3% for area (n=5). Developed method was applied to identify major flavonoids at model plant (Neem) and same results observed at previous work were obtained. In order to evaluate total flavonoid concentration present in a plant is a common approach to analyse extracts after acid hydrolyze (convert ali glycosides to aglycones). A method was optimized to separate 8 flavonoid aglicones by RPHPLC usually present in food and vegetal extracts to cosmetic use. Optimization was performed by a mixture factorial design to select the most selective mobile phase composition and one facto ria I design with central point to optimize gradient parameters. Developed methodology is the faster reported in literature until now. Baseline separation was achieved in less than 15 minutes, with coefficients of variation between 0.1 and 1.8%, correlation coefficient from 0,9993 to 0,9994 at 5-100 µg/mL concentration range and quantification limits from 0.1 to 0.21 µg/mL. Developed method was used to optimize hydrolize parameters for a Neem extract. Optimization was realized by a response surface methodology, having concentration of acid added, reaction time, temperature and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) concentration added as parameters. From this study was developed a hydrolyze methodology with 5 minutes of reaction time, using 1.4 mol/L HCI, 119°C and 500 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. Applying method of analysis and hydrolyze developed at Neem extracts it can be identified and quantified aglicones quercetin, kaempferol and miricetin. Aiming to evaluate which compounds in a vegetal extract have antioxidant activity credited to some plants, an on-line system with post-column reaction was built in HPLC (based on literature), using ABTS as free radical mode!. Neem analysis at this system showed that flavonoid glycosides identified before are the responsible for antioxidant activity described for this plant. Based on this information and intending to obtain vegetal extracts with antioxidant activity for cosmetic use, Neem extraction procedure was modeled in function of solvent mixture used (water, ethanol, propylene glycol and their mixtures), following a simplex centroid designo Besides the concentration of active components prediction it can also be predict other properties like refractive index and density, properties that might be included at technical specifications depending of the intended use (creams, shampoos, etc).
7
Sperry, Steffanie. "Reality Cosmetic Surgery Makeovers: Potential Psychological and Behavioral Correlates." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002122.
8
Bakarman, Maryah. "SAUDI FEMALES’ SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD COSMETIC SURGERIES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560793387780191.
9
Özkan, Petek, and Xiaudan Wu. "Chinese and British Consumer Attitude Towards Online Purchasing of Cosmetics." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9777.
10
Moddaresi, Mojgan. "The Use of Nanotechnology in Enhancing the Efficacy of Cosmetic Products of Natural Origin." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521850.
11
Tarantino, Riccardo. "Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of esters and amides for cosmetic uses." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Анотація:
This work focuses on the Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of esters and amides of great interest for the cosmetic sector, by employing enzymes Lipozyme® 435 and Novozym® 435, respectively. The esterification reactions yielded very high conversion of substrates in solvent-free systems within a short time interval. Regarding the synthesis of amides, Lauric and Oleic acid monoethanolamine (LMEA and OMEA) were successfully synthetized both with and without the use of organic solvents. The most promising results were obtained through the transacylation reactions in tert-butanol between the ethyl esters of fatty acids and monoethanolamine, with remarkable yields in few reaction hours. The synthesis of the same compounds in solvent-free systems led to lower amount of product due to the formation of undesired highly viscous substances: the finest results were obtained by using lauric acid and methyl oleate as acyl donors for LMEA and OMEA, respectively. At last, a two-step procedure to synthesize a pseudo-ceramide is reported, and the high purity thereof corroborated by 1H NMR analysis.
12
Zakaria, Zalina. "Cosmetic safety regulations : a comparative study of Europe, the USA and Malaysia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cosmetic-safety-regulationsa-comparative-studyof-europe-the-usaand-malaysia(61936734-3118-4e89-986f-147211ec82cb).html.
Анотація:
The need for product safety regulation is no longer a source of debate. It should be the primary aim in any consumer protection policy. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of consumer goods that are heterogeneous and more technologically advanced that are continually being introduced to consumers. Cosmetic products are currently one of the most popular consumer products. Their increase in sales is evident globally including in developing countries. They are no longer solely associated with women but are being used by all people, of all ages. With such popularity, cosmetics producers are eager to make a profit, which sometimes has resulted in the introduction of cosmetics which are not safe and cause adverse effects. This suggests that there might be a loophole in the adequacy of the safety laws or regulations. The possibility of these safety issues occurring anywhere is generally acknowledged, which makes it a global issue. Although such cases are not as frequent as for other consumer goods such as foods or pharmaceuticals, there is a need to investigate the cosmetics safety mechanisms in order to see if consumers are adequately protected and if the safety mechanisms for cosmetics are efficient. In realising this aim, the study takes three jurisdictions to compare, namely the EU, the USA and Malaysia. Through analysis, the ideal features of cosmetics regulations based on the larger picture of safety regulation generally are also considered. This study contrasts the EU and Malaysia, that have in place government regulation of cosmetics, with the USA that has a different regime for cosmetics, more dependent on self-regulation. Out of the three, Malaysia is the newest country that has introduced a new law on cosmetic products and this has been adopted from the EU model. Although discussions on cosmetic regulations have been undertaken in Malaysia, the legal safety issues to which they give rise have not been investigated systematically in comparison with the EU and the USA. Even in these jurisdictions cosmetics safety is not discussed as much as other consumer products. This thesis also investigates why Malaysia has adopted the EU policy and not some other policy such as the American one. Once the above issues have been considered, the impact of the new emerging technology of nano-cosmetics is analysed. The thesis found that, Malaysia, as with any newly introduced system, has experienced some setbacks and encountered teething problems due to a lack of resources, structure, technical facilities and qualified personnel. However, as a developing nation, it certainly has benefited from the adoption of the EU system. Although there is still much room for improvement, this borrowing has benefited consumers, in so far as safety is concerned, because of the common and standard safety assessments and the responsibility of safety now being placed on the manufacturers. Consumers can also enjoy more products due to the elimination of trade barriers through free movement and cooperation between member states
13
Manley, Alan H. G. "Attitudinal perception of cosmetic wear and damage of materials within the use phase of portable electronic products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36225.
Анотація:
During the use phase of products, a series of obsolescing factors contribute to why a product is disposed of. Currently the visual state of a product is considered primarily in terms of aesthetic obsolescence which is synonymous with influential factors such as changes in fashion or personal preferences in style. The physical condition of a product is not commonly understood within the context of product replacement and the physical changes due to use are not understood fully. The research contributes to and provides original empirical research findings for the current literature on product lifetime extension, material semantics, the circular economy, emotionally durable design and material culture. Through an initial exploratory study (Photographic Analysis (PA) Study) of previously unexplained types of wear and damage that occur on portable electronic devices a taxonomy of damage (TOD) was established which provided the nomenclature for further studies. The second study (Retrospective Assessment (RA) Study) established the attitudes to wear based on the wear type, location, material and the stage during ownership that the wear occurred at. The RA Study highlighted the differences in the attitudinal responses to differing types of wear and damage and identified the differences in the temporal assessments of wear and damage. A third study (Real Time Assessment (RTA) Study) aimed to confirm or repudiate the findings found in the RA Study. The focus during the study was attitudes to the wear and damage in relation to the differences in materials, the location of the wear and the type of wear and damage was also looked at and led to a fuller understanding of how products and materials are perceived during the use phase; a stage of the product lifetime that is not currently well understood in terms of users aesthetic or cosmetic sensibilities. The final study (Semantic Perception of Materials (SPM) Study) focused on the visual and tactile perceptions of materials. The study established attitudinal perceptions of wear and damage of materials with a quantitative research methodology which has produced a better understanding of material semantics within the context of electronic objects. Through the four studies, discussion topics arose and major findings of the doctoral study were drawn out and seen to be interesting enough for further research and study. These discussions include the importance of including cosmetic obsolescence into the lexicon of product obsolescence and product lifetime extension literature, the differences in the perceptions of materials when they are within the context of a product or being assessed as samples, how differing product contexts affect user perceptions of wear and damage on materials and the potential inclusion of a material wear index that could inform the material selection process that goes further than the technical aspects outlined in current material selection tools and literature.
14
Zuang, Valerie. "The use of non-invasive techniques on human volunteers to determine the safety and efficacy of cosmetic products." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298029.
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Cumming, Janet L. "Environmental Fate, Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Cosmetic Uses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365855.
Анотація:
The consumption of household and personal care products in Australia is similar to that of more highly regulated agricultural and veterinary chemicals. One class of chemical used in cosmetic applications, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (polyquaterniums), is thought to have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. These polymers belong to a larger class of polymers, cationic polyelectrolytes, that are widely used in industry, largely for water treatment, and that have been extensively studied and regulated. The cosmetic polyquaterniums, however, have not been subject to the same scrutiny, even though differences in, or expectations of, their behaviour are known to exist. The aim of this study was to examine the fate and toxicity of some cosmetic polyquaterniums, and particularly to examine the impact of the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, that is often complexed with the polyquaterniums in cosmetic formulations on fate and toxicity. The polyquaterniums studied consisted of six samples of Polyquaternium-10 of provided by Amerchol (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI U.S.A.), five samples of three polyquaterniums (Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-55) provided by International Specialty Products (ISP, Wayne, New Jersey, USA), and polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (poly(DADMAC), Polyquaternium-6), widely used in water treatment but less commonly in cosmetic applications purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). The four-step risk assessment paradigm (hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard assessment, risk characterisation) provided the framework for this study. Metachromatic polyelectrolyte titration was used to analyse polyquaterniums in aqueous solution. Although the method is generally not viable in the presence of other ions due to interference, it was found to be viable in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate. Further, the method was found to work with the supernatant following a sorption experiment involving humic acid. It was not possible to titrate solutions following exposure to bentonite, or in solutions prepared for toxicity tests. Metachromatic Colloid Titration was found to be useful in determining the charge density of the polyquaterniums, and in measuring the concentration of polyquaterniums of known charge density. To establish the extent of exposure of vulnerable aquatic organisms to polyquaterniums released from cosmetic usage, it is necessary to estimate the concentration of polyquaterniums in the aquatic environment. The volume usage of polyquaterniums was estimated from available published data and standard emission scenarios used in the risk assessment of new and existing chemicals. The partitioning of the polyquaternium from the aqueous to the biosolid phase from wastewater treatment plants was estimated from the determination of the partition coefficient between water and humic acid. The latter was assumed to be a suitable surrogate for the biosolids. The fate of polyquaterniums in wastewater treatment plants was modelled using a fugacity approach based on a typical wastewater treatment plant. The import/manufacture volume of polyquaterniums for cosmetic uses was estimated to be between 20 and 60 tonnes per annum. The partition coefficient for polyquaterniums between the aqueous phase and humic acid was lower than expected, generally between 100 and 1000 for the polyquaterniums in this study. Fugacity modelling results suggested that the partitioning of polyquaterniums to the solid phase in wastewater treatment may be less than the default values normally assumed in regulatory risk assessment. Therefore, the estimate of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of polyquaterniums in Australian waters is between 0.7 µg/L and 40 µg/L depending on the assumptions and methodology used. Effects assessment, or hazard assessment, is concerned with determining the capacity of the cosmetic polyquaterniums to cause harm to aquatic organisms in the environment. In this study, the aim was to determine if the hazard of the polyquaternium from cosmetic usage is the same as that of the better studied water treatment polymers; and if the complexing of the polyquaternium with the anionic surfactant makes any difference to the toxicity. One species from each of three trophic levels, viz fish, crustacean and algae were selected. Using assessment factors developed for the risk assessment of new chemicals, the environmental concentration likely to be hazardous to the most sensitive species was estimated. The polyquaterniums studied were found to be just as hazardous to the most sensitive species for a typical cosmetic polyquaternium when complexed with the anionic surfactant. The lowest concentration at which a toxic effect occurred was for 50% growth inhibition for algae, 0.3 mg/L for the most toxic polyquaternium. With assessment factors, and using the concentration at which cosmetic polyquaterniums were likely to be hazardous to aquatic organisms, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was estimated to be between 0.3 µg/L and 1.2 µg/L. The risk characterisation process combines the information obtained from the effects and exposure assessments to evaluate the nature of the potential risk. Commonly, the level of risk is estimated based on the PEC/PNEC ratio. In this study, using point estimates and probabilistic methods (Monte Carlo Simulation), the risk of polyquaterniums from cosmetic uses was estimated. Based on the behaviour and toxicity determined in this study, there may be some risk to aquatic organisms from individual polyquaterniums at even low import volumes. As a class of compounds, polyquaterniums from cosmetic uses may present a significant risk to environmental waters in Australia. Sensitivity analysis showed that the prediction of risk was most sensitive to those parameters for which the least amount of data was available, such as the import volume and dilution to receiving waters. A recently developed method of estimating potential risk based on the concept of an Environmental Threshold of No Concern (ETNC), was applied to the use of cosmetic polyquaterniums in Australia. Using the fugacity model approach, the usage volume at which the environmental concentration would exceed the critical threshold was estimated. The volume was found to be significantly lower than the estimated usage determined by either of the methods employed in estimating the current usage volume. While some problems remain in identifying the risk from polyquaterniums to the Australian environment, particularly those associated with the difficulties of quantifying polymers in environmental samples, this thesis has made substantial progress in the risk assessment. Particularly, it has been shown that the use of default assumptions that are largely unsubstantiated, and the sensitivity of the methodology to information that is often unavailable, may result in an estimation of risk that may not be able to protect vulnerable environments.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment
Faculty of Environment and Planning
Full Text
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George, Joan Ann. "Flat Chests and Crossed Eyes: Scrutinizing Minor Bodily Stigmas through the Lens of Cosmetic Surgery." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000057.
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Rondaud, Annabelle. "L’expérimentation animale : une controverse stagnante ? Approche communicationnelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040073.
Анотація:
Controverse qui traverse les années, l’expérimentation animale, en dépit de fortes remises en question par des opposants de plus en plus véhéments, s’inscrit dans un certain immobilisme. A quoi tient cette « stagnation » ? Le substantif est-il d’ailleurs à propos ? La controverse en question ne s’inscrit-elle pas plutôt dans une « dynamique immobile » ? Afin d’étudier cette problématique, la thèse favorise une approche communicationnelle. L’étude se fait en trois temps, tout d’abord par l’analyse du dilemme moral sur lequel repose l’expérimentation animale, ce qui suppose un retour vers un certain nombre de textes philosophiques et éthiques fondamentaux. Puis, l’étude analyse les discours des opposants et des partisans et les raisons d’un difficile, voire impossible dialogue entre les deux camps. Dans cette situation de non-communication, le législateur devient, comme nous le voyons en dernier lieu, un recours dont chaque camp attend une solution… Une solution permettant de sortir de l’immobilisme ?Throughout the years, despite strong questioning from more and more vehement opponents, the animal testing controversy has come to a standstill. What can explain this « immobility » ? Besides, is the noun accurate ? Is this controversy rather not in line with a « dynamic inertia » ? So as to investigate this issue, communicational approach is put forward.The study is divided into three parts. A first one analyzes the underlying moral dilemma of animal testing, which involves going back to some philosophical sources and ethical principles. Then, the study examines the opponents and supporters speeches as well as the reasons for a difficult and even an impossible dialogue between the two sides. In this situation of non-communication, the legislature is, as we see in the third part, a resort from which each side is expecting a solution... A solution to overcome the inertia ?
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GOMES, PATRICIA HERMOGENES. "THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY AS A DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGY OF A BRAZILIAN COMPANY: CASE STUDY IN THE COSMETIC SECTOR - NATURA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8267@1.
Анотація:
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROA humanidade está testemunhando e experimentando os efeitos da degradação do ambiente natural, em escala e escopo sem precedentes na sua história, o que vem provocando crescente inquietação com a qualidade e o futuro do meio-ambiente diante da perda da biodiversidade e da transformação irrecuperável de ambientes naturais. A pesquisa analisa a estratégia de internacionalização e o uso sustentável da biodiversidade como um diferencial adotado nesse processo por uma empresa brasileira - a Natura - que vem crescendo e tendo destaque internacional além de ser reconhecida pela sua responsabilidade social e ambiental. A interpretação dos dados foi feita com base no referencial teórico, fundamentado na revisão de literatura, utilizando o modelo Genérico Integrativo (GI) de Macedo-Soares (2000). Foi adotada, para a análise do estudo de caso, a estratégia de triangulação de métodos, portanto as informações foram coletadas por meio de investigação documental, de levantamento de percepções por meio de entrevistas com formulário estruturado e de levantamento complementar por meio de entrevistas com roteiro guiado. Por meio dos resultados obtidos evidenciamos que a empresa, ao contrário da maioria, não adota alianças em seu processo de internacionalização. A Natura acredita quem tem mais a perder com uma parceria mal realizada do que fazendo investimento próprio em novos países. Outra evidência importante está no fato de que, embora a empresa possua como estratégia de negócio bem sucedida no Brasil a venda direta, durante seu processo de internacionalização para a Europa precisou repensar essa estratégia empresarial para ter sucesso naquele mercado. Isso foi feito, porque a Europa é, sem dúvida, um excelente mercado consumidor para empresas preocupadas com o uso sustentável da biodiversidade.
The mankind is witnessing and suffering the consequences of the environment degradation, in scale and scope never seen in history. However, there is a growing concern regarding the quality and the future of the environment due to the loss of biodiversity and the definitive changes in Nature. The present research analyzes the strategy of internationalization and sustainable use of biodiversity as a competitive advantage of a Brazilian company, Natura, which has sustained a steady growth pace. Natura is well recognized also for its corporate social and environmental responsibility. The data interpretation found in this study was based on the theoretical references from the literature review, using Macedo-Soares` (2000) systemic and integrative model for strategic assessment. Following that, a strategic triangulation of methods was adopted in order to analyze the case study. The information was collected by documental investigation, perception with surveys and complementary data with guided interviews. Through the results obtained we concluded that the company, as opposed to many other companies, does not adopt alliances in the internalization process. Natura believes that the company has more to risk by choosing a bad partner than using its own capital to start business in other countries. Another important point is that although the company is very well succeeded in Brazil with direct sales, a new strategy had to be implemented in Europe to succeed in the European market. Without any doubt Europe is an excellent market for companies oriented towards sustained used of biodiversity.
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Pelánová, Lenka. "Vliv různých kosmetických polysacharidů jako prebiotik na mikrobiom kůže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449762.
Анотація:
The presented master thesis deals with the monitoring of the influence of polysaccharides which are used as an additive in the cosmetic products, on the monitored types of bacteria which are part of the skin microbiome. And it also deals with the study the effect of polysaccharides as prebiotics on selected species of bacteria that are part of the skin microbiome. Two polysaccharides were selected to determine the effects on the skin microbiome: Nanomoist and PoLevan S. The first part of the thesis focuses on the literature search which deals with skin anatomy, skin diseases and skin microbiome and its function. The experimental part is focused on monitoring changes in the quantity of selected microorganisms of the skin microbiome, before and after application of polysaccharides to the skin using qPCR. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus were monitored. The PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected on the skin to the greatest extent, especially after the application of the polysaccharides Nanomoist and PoLevan S. Thus, a positive effect of both polysaccharides on the growth of this bacterium was found.
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Ayan, Hilal. "Identify synthetic polymers used in cosmetics and further test their biodegradation in aqueous setup in order to assess their impact on the environment." Thesis, KTH, Industriell bioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259570.
Анотація:
Plastics have a wide application field, where cosmetic products are one of them. Polymers which are building blocks to plastics exists in many variants, overall they can be categorized into two groups; microplastics and water soluble polymers. Both polymer types are important to study and understand since polymers in general are not covered by any legislation. To gain a more profound understanding of their impact on environment this study was conducted. In collaboration with SSNC (Naturskyddsföreningen), a database containing hundreds cosmetic products was processed. The most occurring polymers were quantified and prevalent ingredients having “poly” in their name were selected for further investigation namely Nylon 12-20 (microplast) and Acrylates C/10-30 Alkyl-crosspolymer (water soluble). A standardized analysis method OECD 301 F was performed to test the polymers biodegrading ability. Results from biodegradation method showed that, neither of the two polymers is readily biodegradable in aqueous environment, despite their different properties. In connection with the obtained results, a filtration analysis was performed, with the purpose to determine the possibility to capture the polymers using microfilters. Results mainly showed flowthrough of both polymers. Relating the results to reality implies that these polymers are not captured in waste water treatment plant due to inefficient filtration and thereby spread to the environment. In addition more research should be devoted to water-soluble polymers and their impact on nature. Based on all compiled results, it is proposed that legislation addressing microplastics should be edited and revised in such a way that water soluble polymers are included in future prohibitions (against microplastics).Plast har många användningsområden varav kosmetiska produkter är ett av dem. I kosmetika används exempelvis naturliga ämnen, sådana som förekommer i naturen och således kan brytas ned. Sedan finns syntetiska polymerer, sådana som syntetiseras och tillverkas av människor. Det finns oerhört många varianter av syntetiska polymerer som används inom kosmetika, generellt kan de kategoriseras i två grupper; mikroplaster och vattenlösliga polymerer. Med hjälp av Naturskyddsföreningens databas som innehåller hundratals kosmetikaingredienser, söktes de komponenter som hade ”poly” i sitt namn eftersom de inte täcks av lagstiftning. Bland dessa, valdes två mest förekommande polymerer för att studeras vidare, nämligen Nylon 12-20 (mikroplast) och Acrylates C/10-30 alkyl crosspolymer (vattenlöslig). En standardiserad analysmetod OECD 301 F tillämpades för att testa deras biologiska nedbrytbarhet. Resultatet från nedbrytbarhetstestet visade att ingen av polymertyperna, trots deras åtskiljande egenskaper, är lättnedbrytbar i vattenmiljöer. I följd av resultatet från analysen genomfördes en filtreringsanalys på KTH, för att avgöra om respektive polymer går att fånga upp i olika storlekar av mikrofilter. Resultatet visade att ingen av dem fångades upp (med den utrustning som var tillgänglig på KTH). Baserat på resultaten föreslås det att lagstiftningar som innefattar mikroplaster bör redigeras och revideras på ett sådant sätt att vattenlösliga polymerer är inkluderade i framtida förbud (mot mikroplaster). Utöver detta bör mer forskning ägnas åt vattenlösliga polymerer och deras påverkan på naturen.
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Kibbe, Mackenzie R. "Factors Influencing the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Female Body Image Concern: An Extension of Objectification Theory." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150048751624449.
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BRUNO, MARIA ROBERTA. "Sustainable use and practical application in the industrial sector of permanent crops biomass: Orange tree (C. sinensis L.), Apricot tree (P. armeniaca L.) and Olive tree (O. europea L.)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/149565.
Анотація:
Of the Earth's surface the 30% is occupied by forest and almost 50% is occupied by agricultural crops. Both the forest and agricultural besides producing food, feed, fiber, and a wide range of necessary products like shelter, packaging, clothing, and communications, produce a huge quantity of biomass about 956 Mt of dry matter for agriculture and the forest 18,600 Mt dry weight. Much of forest biomass is used to produce energy and heat while most of the agriculture biomass remains in the field or is burned. The recent EU Directives have encouraged state members to follow circular economy guidelines on waste reuse, especially for waste originating from wood agro-forest biomass. The biorefinery that used the lignocellulosic material has increased the production of biobased material, due to the composition of the biomass. Within the biomass are present lignin, polysaccharides, and extractives. The extractives have a huge potential in the industrial sectors. Orange trees, apricot trees, and olive trees are typical Mediterranean crops and a major feature of the heritage in the Mediterranean basin, where they play an important environmental and economic role. Given the potential of biomass in the different industrial sectors, the research was focused on the valorization of biomass of orange trees, apricot trees, and olive trees. The biomass coming of these trees was selected and bark was separated from the wood. After that different extraction techniques were applied, including maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and autoclaving. The extractives obtained were evaluated of the antioxidant capacity with the measurement of total polyphenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-Carotene bleaching assay (BCB). Integrating the antioxidant capacity values generated from the different in vitro methods above mentioned was determined the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). Results demonstrated the potential antioxidant activity of the bark and wood, not investigated before. Then it is moved on to analyze the molecular compound present in these extract through the LC-MS analyses and GC-MS analyses. The chemical characterization showed the presence of different natural compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids. These analyses were necessary to build an industrial product. The extract with the best antioxidant activity and the antioxidant compound was the apricot bark extract through the maceration. Studying the market of cosmetic products it was chosen to make a prototype of face cream. It was necessary to make a cytotoxicity assay both for the extract and for the cream plus the extract. These preliminary assays have demonstrated the possibility of using the extracts from orchards and olive grove in the industrial fields. Therefore, the development of innovative applications that use biomass derivatives could lead to their possible use in the market as a commodity for the chemical or cosmetic industries, giving new added value to the current use of biomass from agricultural practice. Through multi-criteria analysis, it was possible to recognize the sustainability of these cropping models and their ecological function, turning into the preservation of environmental resources, environmental quality, and quality of life.
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Sung, Tzu-Hsuan. "Cosmétiques, beauté et genre en Chine. Une analyse de la presse et des publicités (Fin des Qing - 1930)." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1039.
Анотація:
Cette recherche porte sur une analyse historique au sujet des cosmétiques et de la beauté en Chine depuis la fin de la dynastie Qing jusqu’au début des années 1930. Cette étude va traiter les différentes conceptions en rapport avec les cosmétiques et la beauté de l’apparence des femmes, ainsi que leur évolution. Par rapport aux approches pour expliquer ces différentes manières, cette étude se base sur la presse et les publicités, alors que ces deux types de sources se chargent de la transformation de la culture chinoise à l’époque de la « modernisation ». La première partie de mon travail décrit l’émergence des « cosmétiques » occidentaux, et le développement de l’industrie des cosmétiques en Chine. A travers cette partie, la perception chinoise sera dévoilée. La deuxième partie analyse le déroulement du concept de la beauté de l’apparence, et sa relation avec l’utilisation de cosmétiques. Dans ces deux parties, une culture de la féminité de consommation voit le jour. Par conséquent, nous verrons également quelles classes de femmes consomment des cosmétiques, ou sont représentées pour promouvoir leur utilisationThis study explores the related issues of cosmetics, the female body, and consumption in Chinese urban culture from the end of nineteenth century to 1930. I propose to examine the subjects as follows: the definition and the use of cosmetics, the difference between cosmetics and makeup products, shaping the culture of female consumption, and the discursive construction of the "beautiful body". The first chapter studies the transformation of the word “cosmetic”, from the traditional definition to its modern-day meaning. The participation of the media, notably the newspapers, will be introduced with the emergence of the Western-style pharmacy. The next two chapters address how cosmetics became an industry. This part will offer an explanation of how the consumer was created by the Chinese cosmetic companies. Finally, the last three chapters examine: 1) the concept of a woman’s (or women’s) beauty; 2) the concept of the beauty of women. How does this issue belong to women? And what kind of women are part of this reflection? By probing these questions, the difference between cosmetics and makeup products will be examined, and will reveal the extent of “women’s” participation. Today, the culture of using cosmetics is a manifestation of women’s common sense. Further, this study illustrates that the culture of “beauty” not only embraces a personal dimension, but also a national and international dimension
24
Guirimand, Nicolas. "Entre la réparation des corps mutilés et la correction des imperfections physiques : une chirurgie en quête de légitimité : Analyse sociohistorique de la construction de la chirurgie esthétique en France." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030165.
Анотація:
Pour analyser la construction de la chirurgie esthétique, il faut comprendre ce qu'ont été les conditions de possibilité qui ont permis à cette chirurgie "futile" d'être pratiquée et répondre à la question de ce qui a rendu acceptable socialement des opérations sur des corps sains. Notre travail a dû élargir son objet à l'analyse sociohistorique de construction de la spécialité faisant fonction de matrice à la chirurgie esthétique, la chirurgie plastique. Aussi, il nous a fallu travailler sur l'histoire des rapports entre la chirurgie esthétique à sa matrice et sur les luttes de concurrence entre plasticiens et chirurgiens esthétiques dont l'enjeu est la définition de la pratique légitime, partant de ses contours, de son enseignement et de la construction d'un marché de l'esthétique avec ses diverses composantes. Au final, l'objet "futile" devenait un analyseur des transformations de l'espace chirurgical qui permet d'observer les luttes de concurrence entre chirurgiens et médecinsTo analyze the construction of platic surgery, it is necessary to understand what conditions of possibility enabled this "futile" surgery to be practiced and to answer the question of what made operations on healthy bodies socially acceptable. Our work had to widen its object to the sociohistorical analysis of construction of the specialty using the matrix of aesthetic surgery : plastic surgery. Also, it was necessary for us to work on the history of the relation of cosmetic surgery to its matrix and on the fights of competition between plastics surgeons and aesthetics surgeons whose goal is the definition of the legitimate practice, on the basis of its contours, of its teaching and the construction of an esthetics market with its various components. Finally, the "futile" object became an analyzer of the transformations of the surgical space which makes it possible to observe the struggles and competitions between surgeons and doctors
25
沈恬嘉. "Millennial generation consumer groupsThe use of cosmetics brand behavior related investigations." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/djb599.
Анотація:
碩士南臺科技大學
企業管理系
106
As generations have changed, the largest consumer group in the market has been transformed into the millennial of the twentieth century, trying to grasp the millennial understanding of patterns of consumer behavior,and many businesses are gradually changing their marketing model because the millennial consumer shopping behavior Therefore, this study aims to explore the lifestyle and purchase of millennials by taking the example of female makeup products in order to better understand their consumer behavior and meet their needs. Whether the amount is significant, and whether there is a significant correlation between life style and the source of information before purchasing beauty products, and using information sources to collect promotion and purchase amount as adjustment variables. To explore the adjustment of the three, respectively, the different ways of buying have an impact on the purchase amount. This study takes millennials from 17 to 37 years as the main research object. The questionnaire is accessed through google form. Through the LINE link North and South China suitable target customers, a total of 210 sets of questionnaires are issued. The valid samples are 210 and effective samples The recovery rate is 100%. This study mainly uses reliability analysis, construct validity analysis and hierarchical regression analysis to verify the hypothesis. The research results show that 1. The more emphasis on popular people, the higher the purchase amount. 2. More senior work for word of mouth (such as blogs, red net) more agree, it will be easier to accept advertising messages and relatives and friends recommended. 3. Free experience or through advertising content that millennial beauty product information will increase the purchase amount. 4. The Three Aspects of Information Sources The "beauty products" in "Free Product Experience," "Advertised Content," "Relatives and Friends," and "Promotions," will have an enhanced impact on the "purchase amount." 5. The three sources of information: "Free Product Experience", "Advertisment through Content," "Relatives and Friends" and "2000 plus 200" promotion methods have a very significant effect on the purchase amount. 6. In addition, it was found that "Gift Vouchers" in "Promotional Methods" will weaken the impact of advertising content in "Information Sources" on purchase amount.
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"Factors influencing men's intention to use skincare products." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890955.
Анотація:
Leung, Kar Man, Man, Angela Wing Yee.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 37).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
CHAPTER
Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.0 --- Overview --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives of our study --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Research objective --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Decision making objective --- p.3
Chapter II --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.4
Chapter 2.0 --- Theory of Reasoned Action --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- Reason for choosing the Theory of Reasoned Action --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- What is the Theory of Reasoned Action? --- p.4
Chapter III --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8
Chapter 3.0 --- Methodology --- p.8
Chapter 3.1 --- Research design --- p.8
Chapter 3.2 --- Sample and sampling method for the main study --- p.8
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sample --- p.8
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sampling method for the descriptive research --- p.9
Chapter 3.3 --- Operationalizatoin --- p.9
Chapter 3.4 --- Data analysis --- p.11
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Analyzing consumption behavior --- p.11
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Testing the conceptual model --- p.11
Chapter 3.5 --- Research activities --- p.11
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Exploratory research --- p.11
Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Literature review --- p.11
Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Focus group --- p.11
Chapter 3.5.1.2.1 --- Sampling method --- p.12
Chapter 3.5.1.2.2 --- Sample --- p.12
Chapter 3.5.1.2.3 --- Research area --- p.12
Chapter 3.5.1.2.4 --- Pre-testing the instrument --- p.13
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Descriptive research --- p.13
Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Description of the instrument --- p.13
Chapter 3.5.2.2 --- Procedure for administering the questionnaires --- p.14
Chapter 3.5.2.3 --- Analysis and interpretation of the responses --- p.14
Chapter IV --- RESULTS --- p.15
Chapter 4.0 --- Results --- p.15
Chapter 4.1 --- Consumption behavior --- p.15
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Men's classification of cosmetics items --- p.15
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Consumption behavior of cosmetics and toiletries --- p.16
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Year(s) of experience of using skincare products --- p.16
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Knowledge of brands that carry men's cosmetics --- p.17
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Relative importance of independent factors --- p.17
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Demographic description of the respondents --- p.18
Chapter 4.1.6.1 --- Jobs/ industries --- p.18
Chapter 4.1.6.2 --- Highest education level attained by respondents --- p.19
Chapter 4.1.6.3 --- Respondents' monthly income --- p.19
Chapter 4.1.6.4 --- Age distribution of the respondents --- p.19
Chapter 4.2 --- Path analysis --- p.19
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reliability analysis --- p.20
Chapter 4.2.2 --- LISREL analysis --- p.21
Chapter 4.2.3 --- """Model 1"" of the conceptual model" --- p.22
Chapter V --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.26
Chapter 5.0 --- Conclusion --- p.26
Chapter 5.1 --- Managerial implications --- p.26
Chapter 5.1.1 --- What to market --- p.26
Chapter 5.1.2 --- How much to price --- p.27
Chapter 5.1.3 --- How to market skincare products to men --- p.27
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Whom to target at --- p.28
Chapter 5.1.5 --- How to position skincare products --- p.29
Chapter 5.1.6 --- How to make your brand recognized --- p.29
Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations --- p.30
Chapter 5.2.1 --- External validity --- p.30
Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Sampling bias --- p.30
Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Sampling method --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Limited scope --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Specific definition of the research subject --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Lack of segmentation --- p.32
Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Incomprehensive list of factors --- p.32
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Different administrative methods used --- p.33
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Maturation effect --- p.33
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Unanswered sections --- p.34
Chapter 5.2.6 --- Leading questions affecting validity --- p.34
Chapter 5.3 --- Suggestions for future research --- p.34
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Larger and more random sample --- p.34
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Wider scope --- p.34
APPENDIX --- p.36
Chapter 1 --- Population by age group and sex at the end of2001
Chapter 2 --- Sales of cosmetics and toiletries in the Asia-Pacific region by sector1998-2000
Chapter 3 --- Constructs of the conceptual model and statements usedin questionnaire
Chapter 4 --- Questions and answers for the focus group
Chapter 5 --- Research instrument - the questionnaire
Chapter 6 --- Percentage of respondents who consider the stated items as cosmetics
Chapter 7 --- Usage frequency of cosmetics and toiletries
Chapter 8 --- Year(s) of experience of using skincare products
Chapter 9 --- Knowledge of the brands which carry men's cosmetics
Chapter 10 --- Relative importance of factors affecting the use of skincare products
Chapter 11 --- Industries which respondents workin
Chapter 12 --- Highest education level attained by respondents
Chapter 13 --- Respondents' monthly income
Chapter 14 --- Respondents' age distribution
Chapter 15 --- Results from reliability analysis
Chapter 16 --- LISREL outputs
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.37
27
Lowe, Madeleine. "The use of science jargon in advertisements for anti-wrinkle skin creams." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147175.
28
Beattie, Angela. "Lead and other contaminants of two South Asian cosmetics : the use of Surma and Kajal among South Asian immigrants in Winnipeg." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7363.
Анотація:
A body of research suggests that the eye cosmetic Surma poses a threat to the health of its users. In particular, Surma is frequently found to contain a high percentage of lead in the form of galena (PbS). The South Asian population of Winnipeg, Canada was the target population for this examination of the use and safety of Surma and Kajal, a similar substance. The goals of the research were to determine the extent of Surma and Kajal use in Winnipeg, to identify their contents and contaminants and to collect all data in such a way as to maximize its utility in the event that a significant risk to their users was established. Fifty informal interviews were conducted. Information regarding informants behavior, history, socio-demographic status and knowledge about Surma and Kajal was solicited to produce a profile of Surma/Kajal users and an understanding of the history and meaning behind the traditions. Surma and Kajal samples were collected and subjected to analysis of their chemical contents (including lead) and their microbial contaminants. Many Surma samples were found to be heavily contaminated with bacteria, yeasts and molds. As well, thirteen of nineteen contained 50% or more lead. Analysis of Kajal samples was less successful, the five subjected to chemical analysis had only small amounts of lead. No link between region of origin of a sample and its contents was observed. Surma and Kajal are used for a variety of reasons including their medicinal properties, aesthetics, warding off the evil eye, and religion. Modern Surma and Kajal use continues a thousands of years old tradition. While the use of these products is decining somewhat among younger South Asians, Kajal is still used in 24% and Surma in 18% of households sampled. Although acculturation is affecting these traditions, steps are still necessary to ensure that high-lead Surmas do not harm those most vulnerable to lead poisoning. Community consultation, discourse with South Asian physicians and the promotion of testing of Surmas in use should be undertaken to reduce the risks while maintaining respect for the antiquity and integrity of the traditions.
29
Amador, Vanessa. "Luxury brands and the pressures to end their use of animal skin and animal testing." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34883.
Анотація:
The recent sustainability and ethical trends arising in business have resulted in changes within companies operations. This research aims at investigating the strategies implemented by luxury brands when facing the pressure of sustainability and ethics specifically for their use of animal skin and testing. These practices are frequently employed in the fashion and cosmetics industries for the development, manufacturing and distribution of products. To answer the research question, I conducted a multiple case study on two fashion and two cosmetics luxury brands. The findings of my research indicate that despite consumers expressed concerns, companies acknowledge animal cruelty with 2 different strategies. Many implement support and promotion of animal welfare strategies, but others elude and superficially treat the topic understudy to avoid getting too involved.As recentes tendências éticas e de sustentabilidade nos negócios resultou em mudanças nas operações das empresas. Esta investigação tem como objetivo estudar as estratégias implementadas pelas marcas de luxo frente às pressões da sustentabilidade e da ética especificamente para o uso de peles e testes de animais. Essas práticas são frequentemente utilizadas nas indústrias de moda e cosméticos para desenvolver, fabricar e distribuir produtos. Para responder à pergunta da investigação, realizei um estudo de caso múltiplo em duas marcas de moda e duas de cosméticos de luxo. Os resultados da minha investigação indicam que, apesar das preocupações dos consumidores, as empresas reconhecem a crueldade contra os animais com 2 estratégias diferentes. Muitos implementam estratégias de apoio e promoção de bem-estar animal, mas outros se esquivam e tratam superficialmente do tema em estudo para evitar se envolver muito.
30
Moura, Ana Margarida Amaral Duarte de. "A Review on the Therapeutic Use of Topical Vitamin A Derivatives in Skin Aging." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84402.
Анотація:
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de FarmáciaO impacto que o processo de envelhecimento tem sobre a aparência já é há muito conhecido. Daí que a pesquisa para encontrar a melhor solução anti-envelhecimento se revele uma viagem sem fim. No entanto, há um líder incontestável nesta procura: os retinóides tópicos. As evidências científicas disponíveis através de estudos clínicos randomizados provam que não só são eficazes em reparar danos solares, a um nível clínico e bioquímico, como também são eficazes na sua prevenção. Este tipo de efeitos não pode ser negligenciado, mesmo considerando a possível intensidade de reacções adversas que se podem sentir durante o tratamento. Isto forma uma das bases na qual a investigação com retinóides está a evoluir, garantindo o desenvolvimento futuro de agentes mais eficazes, estáveis e toleráveis, optimizando o tratamento do envelhecimento da pele. Adicionalmente, falarei da minha experiência durante os dois estágios que realizei na Farmácia Higiene de Esgueira e no Magium Farma. A sua descrição será feita na forma de uma análise SWOT, onde serão analisados os seguintes tópicos: Forças; Fraquezas; Oportunidades e Ameaças.No caso da Farmácia Higiene, a par da análise, será feita a descrição de dois casos clínicos pertinentes à experiência.Relativamente ao Magium Farma, foram incluídos exemplos dos trabalhos desenvolvidos durante o estágio, nos respectivos anexos.Concluindo, esta monografia fará uma descrição do trabalho que realizei nos últimos seis meses como aluna da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra.
The impact that the aging process has on one´s appearance has long been known. Hence, the search for the best antiaging solution has been a never-ending journey. However, there is one incontestable leader in this search: topical retinoids. The scientific evidence available through randomized clinical trials proves that not only they are efficacious in repairing the photodamage, at a clinical and biochemical level, as they are in its prevention. Such effects cannot be overlooked, even when considering the possible intensity of adverse effects that may be experienced during treatment. This forms one of the basis in which ongoing research concerning retinoids is evolving, ensuring the future development of more efficacious, stable and tolerable agents, and therefore optimizing the treatment of skin aging.Additionally, I will be speaking about my experience during the two internships that I enrolled in, namely in Pharmacy Higiene, in Esgueira, and in Magium Farma. The descriptions will be made in a SWOT analysis, where I will be analyzing the following topics: Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities and Threats.Regarding Pharmacy Higiene, along with the analysis, a description will also be made on two clinical cases important to the experience.When it comes to Magium Farma, a few examples of the work that I developed during this internship will be shown in the annex.Concluding, this dissertation will be describing the work that I developed during the last six months as a student in the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra.
31
Ibeh, Oluebube Sallty. "Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterisation of earthy materials indigenously used as cosmetics." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/922.
Анотація:
MENVSCDepartment of Hydrology and Water Resources
Africa is endowed with various earthy materials, of which each community is uniquely identified. Inspite of the vast knowledge of western cosmetics, application of traditionally used cosmetics have been in existence and will be into practice from generation to generation, this is as a result of their various indigenous knowledge about traditional cosmetics. They are mostly applied during traditional rites and festive periods. Occasionally, earthy materials play a vital role in traditionally used cosmetics. Different reasons have been associated with the use of these earthy materials, they are: for skin cleansing, protection against ultra violet radiation, skin lightening, perfecting the distorted part of the skin and improving beauty. This study is focused on the physico-chemical, chemical and mineralogical characterisation of earthy materials indigenously used as cosmetics. This is achieved firstly by identifying the various earthy materials applied topically as well as their constituents. Samples for this study were obtained from six (6) different African countries namely: Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, South Africa and Swaziland and were subjected to the following analyses: Scanning Electron Microscope and Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for the morphology and elemental analysis, hydrometer method for the determination of particle sizes of each sample and a texture Auto Lookup Software Package (TAL Version 4.2) for the classification of their various textures (%clay, %sand and %silt). The X-ray diffractometry was applied for the identification of their mineral phases (secondary, major and minor). The Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) method was used for the physisorption analysis and classifying them according to their isotherm types (Type I, II, III, IV, V and VI). The chemical analysis was achieved by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The result revealed that the morphology of the various representative samples varies, except CMR 1; 2, SCC 1; 2 and SLW 1; 2 which showed same structure and same elemental constituents, their resemblance indicated that they possess same geological formation. The XRF result indicated the presence of the following trace elements: Al, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, In, K, La, Lr, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Nb, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sc, Se, Sb, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zr and Zn, were measured in ppm. For example, Fe – 66.47 (Qwa-Qwa), Al – 4.64 (Swaziland), Si – 6.26 (Democratic Republic of Congo), Ti – 3.75 (Qwa-Qwa) and so on. From the particle size distribution analysis, some samples were identified to be clay (BTS 1, BTS 2, NG 1, SCC 4, SCC 5, SCC 9, SCC 11, SCC 12, SWL 1 and SWL 2) with their particle sizes < 2μm, whereas other samples showed other properties which are > 2 μm. Ten minerals were identified in the clay fraction samples: albite, goethite, halloysite, hematite, kaolinite (kaolinite-1Md, kaolinite 1) Mica (muscovite), sulphur, talc, chalcanthite and whewellite. The BET method vii for physical adsorption revealed that BTS 1, BTS 2, CMR 1, CMR 2, DRC A, DRC B, NG 1, NG 2, SWL 1, SWL 2, SCC 1, SCC 4, SCC 5, SCC 8, SCC 9, SCC 11 and SCC 12 countries possess Type II isotherm whereas samples from SCC 2, SCC 6, SCC 7 and SCC 10 had Type III isotherm. The physisorption analysis result also determined the various surface areas and porosity of each representative samples.
32
Fang, Hsiu-Jung, and 方秀蓉. "Safety Testing of Chinese Herbs used in Cosmetics." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07409511944031254423.
Анотація:
碩士靜宜大學
應用化學研究所
89
Cosmetics are applied to moisturize skin and hair, stimulate smell,deodorize, and enhance normal appearance. Since cosmetics are applied on human skin, they should not contain any ingredients that may cause adverse health effects. Chinese herbs are common ingredients in cosmetics. Thus, the evaluation of safety for the usage of Chinese herbs as the ingredients in the cosmetics formulation is necessary and plays an important role. Both the aqueous and the ethanol extracts of fifteen Chinese herbs will investigate for the evaluation of safety. These fifteen Chinese herbs are:Angelicae dahuricae, Poria cocos, Bletilla striata, Armeniaca mandshurica,Angelicae sinensis, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Panax ginseng, Santalum album,Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Polygonum multiflorum, Asparagus cochinchinensis,Ophiopogon japonicus, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Hedysarum mongholicum. The Draize test and its modifications were used to identify irritants in this study. The test subjects were rabbits and white rats. The rabbit skin test results showed that only the 50% alcohol solutions containing Angelica sinensis and Lithospermum erythrorhizon had mild irritation, while no reactions were found with other solutions. The eyes of the rabbits had no reaction to all fifteen herbs while performing the low-volume eye irritation test. The acute toxicity test showed that within dose of 10000 mg/kg, all fifteen herbs had no significant toxicity reaction.
33
Huang, Ting-wan, and 黃婷婉. "Studies on Chinese herbal medicine used in whitening cosmetics." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91192987450463845798.
Анотація:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
98
According to the previous dowments, many Chinese herbs are with skin thera peutic benefits. In recent years, the cosmetic products with Chinese herbs active ingredients have been a kind of tendency. Because Asiaw attach importance to skin whitening, whitening cosmetic products have a lot of requirement in ASIA market. This experiment used many kinds of Chinese medicinal herb, including Momordica charantia L., Nelumbo nucifera G., Nymphaea lotus L., Angelica sinensis D., Salvia miltiorrhiza B. etc.. We evaluated the extraction by antioxidation test, inhibition tyrosinase activity assay, MTT assay and so on. Next step, we chose the strong activty of extraction to add in whitening cosmetics. We evaluated the whitening cosmetic by in vivo. On the anti-oxidation tests, ABTS free radical scavenging ability of Nymphaea lotus L. showed SC50 was 0.0025 mg/mL, its better than Trolox. DPPH free radical scavenging ability showed the SC50 of Nymphaea lotus L. was 0.0067 mg/mL, and the SC50 of Trolox was 0.0045 mg/mL. Inhibition tyrosinase activity assay, the IC50 of Nymphaea lotus L. and Nelumbo nucifera G. mixture was 0.11 mg/mL. And the results show that add Vit C and Morus alba L. appropriately, can increase inhibition tyrosinase acitivity of Nelumbo nucifera G., Namely, whitening compound herbal extracts for inhibition tyrosinase activity, are better than the original single-whitening herbal extracts inhibit the effect more good. Apply the Chinese medicinal herb with whitening activity on the emulsion formula to perform skin nature appraisal and the skin chromatic aberration appraisal. Finally it demonstrated that the whitening can improve whitening effect. The emulsion B (active constituent increase Nymphaea lotus L, Nelumbo nucifera G.), not only had whitening effect but also color spot, the pore, the primary purple nature, the ultraviolet ray color spot can keep improvement after overall skin inspection . In the future, the Chinese medicine herb will have well develop in whitening and Multiple - effects cosmetic products.
34
Jhang, Ciouyun, and 張秋筠. "The Study of Chitosan Used for Bacteriostatin in Cosmetics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59364802078550872269.
Анотація:
碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物醫學研究所
100
Purpose of this study was to investigate chitosan in cosmetics in the antimicrobial activity, respectively, at different concentrations and different molecular weight and pH were measured inhibitory effect, filter out the best inhibitory concentration and pH, and the cell survival rate test, cytotoxicity test, heavy metal testing and microbiological testing and other tests. Experimental use of sample to chitosan is mainly because of its better solubility than chitin. Chitosan non-toxic and biocompatible with Biodegradable, environmentally friendly polymer materials. In this study, we used three different molecular weight chitosan, the chitosan (MW:100,000~200,000 datons) were prepared as 0.5% (pH 3.2 and pH 5.6)、1% (pH3.3 and pH5.7) and 1.5% (pH5.7) chitosan (MW:100,000~300,000 datons) concentration of the preparation of 0.5% (pH 5.7), 1% (pH 5.7) and 2% (pH3.4) chitosan (MW:200,000~400,000 datons) concentration of the preparation into 1% (pH 5.7), and lactic acid as the solvent, the degradation of chitosan molecular weight, to improve the dissolution properties of chitosan the antibacterial agents antibacterial test analysis, experimental data and found that chitosan (MW:100,000~200,000 datons) at a concentration of 0.5% and the pH value of 5.6, that for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus all have antibacterial effects, the chitosan and chitosan (MW:200,000~400,000 datons) the inhibitory effect of poor; the same time, the concentration of 0.5%(pH5.6), 1%(pH5.7) chitosan (MW:100,000~200,000 datons) and a concentration of 1% (pH 5.7) of the chitin polymer sugar and lactic acid (control group) and a common antibacterial agent of cosmetics for cell survival and cell toxicity test, experimental results showed that lactic acid (control group) and common cosmetics and antibacterial agent with a cytotoxic cell-free survival, and different concentrations of chitosan on cell survival (MTT) and do not have good cytotoxicity (LDH). The concentration of 1.5%, pH 5.7 chitosan (MW:100,000~200,000 datons) for heavy metals testing, test data results for the ND, namely, that chitosan does not contain heavy metals. In addition, the preparation of a concentration of 1%, pH 5.6 and 0.5%, pH 5.6 and 1.5%, pH 5.7 chitosan for microbiological testing, results showed that chitosan on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and total plate count detection is ND, namely, that the study sample dose not contain the above strains (that is not detected).
35
Reis, Mariana Guerreiro Pereira Dos. "Communication strategies used to promote the made in Portugal in cosmetics." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132386.
Анотація:
This paper pretends to study the integration of the ‘Made in Portugal’ concept in the communication of cosmetic brands. To this end, a qualitative methodology was followed: 39 brands were coded through a combination of deductive and inductive approaches of content analysis. Results demonstrated that these brands use communication strategies to promote the Portuguese factor, highlighting the name of the country or the region of origin, emblematic buildings, typical landscapes or the flag of Portugal. The strategies take verbal and visual formats and convey mostly affective and cognitive values. Managerial recommendations and future academic development recommendations are presented in the end.
36
Chen, Hsuanting, and 陳瑄廷. "The Study of Chinese Herbs Used for Sun Protection in Cosmetics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32103516031888852044.
Анотація:
碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物醫學研究所
100
This research investigates herb extracts as a potential sun screen ingredient in cosmetics. As cited in this experiment twenty herbs were tested for their sun protection and whitening factor as well as their anti-oxidizing properties. Pine bark, scutellaria, and turmeric extract showed viable results in ultraviolet ray absorption, in particular pine bark extract showed the most significant viability in spectrum absorption spectroscopy (spectrophotometer or spectrometer). By testing of MTT assay kit (MTT) and Cytotoxic Assay (LDH) in different concentrations of the pine bark extract, it was found that the cells in the epidermis (HS-68) had the highest survival rate and lowest toxicity levels in 3% concentration pine bark extract. Adding the same concentration of the extract into emulsion to test out its sun protection factor consequently yielded a SPF 8.81. The experimentation resulted in a practical application of the extract in the cosmetic formula. Assessment of in vitro tests revealed a differentiation in outcome, the results do show the pine bark extract can be used as cosmetic sunscreen.
37
Hsu, Chih-Sheng, and 徐志昇. "Chinese herbal medicine extracts for development of ingredients used in antiaging cosmetics." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27557053687997458916.
Анотація:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
98
Previous studies reported that the matrix metalloproteinases (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) play an important role both in addition to the maintenance of normal physiological function and the pathogenesis of many diseases. Because MMPs can be broken down collagen, elastin and other extracellular matrix, they may be involved in the process of skin aging. In this study, we selected the alcohol extracts from thirty-four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and analyzed MMPs activity secerted from mouse 3T3 fibroblasts by gelatin-based zymography. We found that the alcohol extracts of Panax ginseng、Angelica sinensis、Spilanthes acmella、Cucurbita moschata could inhibit the activity of MMP-2 significantly, and the alcohol extracts of Aquilaria malaccensis、Androraphis paniculata decreased the activity of MMP-9 significantly. Because MMP-2 is able to damage collagens Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and MMP-9 can destory collagen IV, we consider that the alcohol extract of P. ginseng, A. sinensis, S. acmella, C. moschata, A. malaccensis, A. paniculata have intensive anti-aging effects and they can be applied in anti-aging skin care products. On the other hand, we found that alcohol extracts of 14 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines (Arctium lappa, Aquilaria malaccensis, Nelumbo nucifera, Andrographis paniculata, Aenthum graveolens、Nelumbo nucifera, Lonicera japonica, Agrimonia pilosa, Tribulus ierrestris, Crataegus pinnatifida, Ginkgo biloba, Lilium lancifolium, Diospyros kali, Hedyotis diffusa) were tested by MTT assay and the results showed the phenomenon of cell proliferation. These Chinese herbal medicine extracts can be used in cosmetics for cell activation.
38
Wen, Pei-yu, and 溫佩諭. "The permeability study of commonly used preservatives in cosmetics against film-type packaging materials." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25kptk.
Анотація:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
100
In this study, ultraviolet - visible absorption spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection were used to investigate the permeability of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, phenoxyethanol, methyl isothiazolinone, dimethylol-dimethylhydantoinc, imidazolidinyl urea and two commerical composite preservatives through thin film of plastic packaging materials, such as polyethylene (PE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or non-oriented casting polypropylene (CPP) In ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, the absorption behavior of preservatives in the wavelength range of UV radiation(200-400nm) were first measured and the detection limit and quantification limit were calculated from the concentration and absorbance relationship at maximum absorption wavelength of respected preservatives. In high performance liquid chromatography, the influence of components and pH of the mobile phase on the chromatogram were studied to determine the optimum chromatographic condition. The detection limit and quantification limit of high performance liquid chromatographic method were also calculated. The above methods with the use of Franz cell were applied to study the permeability of preservatives through thin plastic film of packaging materials for cosmetics, The results showed that, ultraviolet absorption spectrometry shows higher sensitivity than high performance liquid chromatographic method, but it is not possible to resolve the absorption of individual component in a mixture. However, ultraviolet absorption spectrometry is still a better method to study the interation of a single preservative and thin plastic film. In the results of preservatives permeability through PE film from ultraviolet absorption spectrometry, methyl isothiazolinone shows much higher permeation rate than other preservatives and Imidazolidinyl Urea shows the least. However, phenoxyethanol shows the highest permeation rate in the study of the prentration behavior of mixed preservatives and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the permeration rate of p-hydroxybenzoate esters were inverse proporational to the molecular size of the preservatives. Therefore, whether the permeability of preservative is changed after mixed is worth furth study. Compared the permeability of a single preservative through other plastic films, methyl isobutyl thiazolinone shows highest permeability through the CPP film and most of all test preservatives shows lower permeability through LLDPE film. Therefore, it is suggested that LLDPE film has better barrier effect for preservatives. It is concluded that this study provides informations on the permeability of preservative through plastic film, These informations could be an important reference when choosing the appropriate packaging material for cosmetics. But the penetration behavior of mixed preservatived is worth furth study.
39
SU, YA-CHING, and 蘇雅菁. "Construction of Medical Cosmetic User Experience-Sharing Platform to Improve Customer Satisfaction." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28jms3.
Анотація:
碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系
105
With the progress of the times, people gradually improve the definition of the pursuit of beauty that leading to the rise of the medical market. The atmosphere through different sources of information and the growing channels of communication, consumer acceptance is also increasing. However, the risk and commitment is the top priority elements when consumers face the services of the medical cosmetic. Based on the experience-sharing platform of the medical users, this study based on the business intelligence and the UNISON decision-making analysis framework to construct the medical cosmetic user experience-sharing platform to improve customer satisfaction. The business intelligence gathers, stores, analyzes and calculates the relevant user data, and then uses the type of user's demand. The results are presented to the user, manager or knowledge worker, for business to take effective action to improve the business performance or to help them make better decisions; and decision analysis framework . The proposed framework consists (1) understand the problem , (2) defining a niche, (3) structure influence, (4) objective description, (5) subjective measurement, (6) and the decision the needs of the medical cosmetic. This study collect the empathy and perspective of the user experience in the user's perspective, and then introduce the medical user experience sharing platform. This study introduced the background information, the user feedback information and then follow-up analysis to understand the user's preferences and feelings the consumer for this non-invasive cosmetic way. The information provides ways to improve asymmetry problems and enhance customer satisfaction. The result provides ways to market research to explore business opportunities in the medical cosmetic industry.
40
LIN, TZ-LI, and 林子禮. "Preparation and Optimization of Niosomes Containing Cholesterol Used as Cosmetic Delivery System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00605008662809639835.
Анотація:
碩士靜宜大學
化粧品科學系
105
Delaying performance, increasing the percutaneous absorption of active ingredients, enhancing their bioavailability, have been the goals of cosmetic science. Niosomes have shown promise as cheap and chemically stable drug delivery systems, while less publications were foundusedas cosmetic delivery system. Non-ionic surfactants are commonly used in cosmetic due to the benefits of non-toxic, biodegradable, more stable as well as cost effective. They can form niosomes via sonication and exhibit the bilayer structure as found in liposomes, which allows niosomes can serveas stable alternatives to liposomes. In this study, niosomes were prepared from uncharged single-chain surfactant and cholesterol. A non-ionic surfactant, namely Span 60,was used to form a closed bilayer vesicle in aqueous media based on its amphiphilic nature using sonication to form this structure where the active compounds were enclosed.The results showed thatthe optimal composition of Span 60 and cholesterol was 6 to 4 in weight ratio.The particle size of the vesicleswith the active ingredient wasin the range of 150~180 nm. The PDI value was less than 0.3. A higher encapsulation efficiency can be obtained when incorporating higher amount of active compound, namely adding 0.05g of active compound, while higher drug loading was obtained when 0.1g of active compound was incorporated.Therefore, the optimal ratio of the noisome formulation when incorporating active compound was 0.06, 0.04, 0.1 and 9.9 g for Span 60, cholesterol, active ingredient and water with 20 min of sonication, respectively.
41
Yang, Li-Wei, and 楊麗微. "Study on the Antibacterial Interaction of Herbal Extracts and Commonly Used Acid-based Compounds in Cosmetics." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58836167414579344767.
Анотація:
碩士中原大學
生物醫學工程研究所
104
Artificial antibacterial agents (such as Methyl Peraben(M.P.) and Propyl Paraben(P.P.)) were important factor in causing skin allergies and skin irritation. Therefore, searching for alternatives and decreases of the artificial antibacterial agents have become a major issue in cosmetics industry. The interactions between antibiotic medicines and plant components have already been investigated by domestic and foreign scholars. Nonetheless, there isn’t relevant reports that relative to interactions between artificial agents in cosmetics and the extracts of Chinese herbal. This study evaluates the in-vitro interactions (synergism, addition effect, antagonism ) between methanol extracts of Pogostemon cablin, Almond acid and two kinds of common ingredients used in cosmetics, against Escherichia coli and Propionibacterium acne. The results of this study were expected that as a reference of type and that dose for adding antibacterial agents in cosmetics and Chinese herbals in order to reduce damage to human skin. In this study, we extracted Pogostemon cablin with methanol, then practiced respectively the alone and one-on-one combined Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing (AST) of four kinds of reagents (Pogostemon cablin, almond acid, M.P. and P.P.) of vary concentrations (0.1 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 % and so on) with the Disk-diffusion method, and at last assessed the interactions between these four reagents with the Combination Index (CI). The results of this study showed that Pogostemon cablin possessed good synergism or addition effects when it was combined respectively with Almond acid, M.P. and P.P.. This means that the formula amounts of M.P. and P.P. can be reduced and substituted by the increased using of Pogostemon cablin extracts and Almond acid in cosmetics, and the overall antibacterial ability of cosmetics could still be able to maintain. In addition to assess for anti-pimples of cosmetics in dose study that Almond acid which is commonly used could be replaced by adding more ingredients of Pogostemon cablin, and the best combination formula is 1.0 % Pogostemon cablin to 0.1 % Almond acid. As for the components of combined artificial antibacterial agents, M.P. and P.P., this study indicated that there is obvious antibacterial synergism while combining these two artificial antibacterial agents. Thus, even without the addition of Chinese herbal extracts; the original amount of M.P. and P.P. can be moderately reduced.
42
Hu, Keng-ming, and 胡耿銘. "The properties of carbon paste electrode used for transdermal absorption studies of active ingredient in cosmetics." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92024301255374218156.
Анотація:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
96
The ultimate purpose of this research is to develop a on-line electrochemical analysis system used for in-situ transdermal absorption studied for cosmetics. The manufacturing and performance analysis of electrode which is the key component in electrochemical analysis are the main scope in this study. Compared to platinum electrode, the cost of materials used for fabricating carbon electrode is much lower. Therefore, this study is focused on the manufacturing process and performance analysis of carbon electrode. The effect of conductive carbon content on the activity of electrode was studied. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) was used to characterize the electrode. Cyclic Voltammetry(CV) was used to analysis the response of the electrode to K3[Fe(CN)6] and vitamin C and its derivatives which are the common active ingredient of in cosmetics. The effect of supporting electrolyte’s concentration on response current was also studied. The polarization resistance and capacity of the carbon electrode obtained from electrochemical impedance analysis show good reproducibility. The response of self-made carbon electrode to K3[Fe(CN)6] shows well redox behavior and the responses to ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl glucoside show competent linear relation to the concentration of the analyte in the range of 5.0x10-2~1.0x10-4 M with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9988. Furthermore, the response of carbon electrode to ascorbic acid has the highest sensitivity than it to ascorbyl glucoside and the response to magnesium ascorbyl phosphate got the lowest sensitivity among these three vitamin C related substances. In summary, the self-made carbon electrode in this study shows good stability and competent reproducible response to analyte. The applicable concentration range for active ingredient in cosmetics can be established by analyzing the linear relation and sensitivity of the response to the analyte. It is promising that there are great potential for the utilization of this electrode in the developing of on-line electrochemical in-situ transdermal absorption analysis system. The test and research result found the carbon electrode of manufacture, make use of the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy method to get characteristic parameters, such as...etc, representability the carbon electrode of manufacture have fairly good and stability. And analysis result of Cyclic Voltammetry method have rather consistent and stability at different contained respondence of redox.As for analyze the often used active ingredient - vitamin C and its derivatives, we found concentrations of within the scope of, its respond of value of line relationship factor,all reaches 0.9988 above, simultaneously at vitamin C, vitamin C phosphoric acid magnesium and the vitamin C glucose between the vitamin C have the highest sensitivity,vitamin C glucose secondly, the vitamin C phosphoric acid magnesium lowest. Summary above result, this research of the carbon electrode have an equal, moreover analysis respondence of redox with fairly good reproducibility and stability,to utilize the electrode analyze sensitivity of samples and line relation of samples respond that we can build up a scope of detected with electrode application in the active ingredient,therefore applies this electrode establishment electrochemical the on-line and in-situ absorbed system through the skin that should have a good development potential.
43
Chen, Shao-Chen, and 陳少榛. "A Study on the Influence Factors of Social Community Users\' Trust and Use Intention：Example of Cosmetic Social Community." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u4t5j6.
Анотація:
碩士國立東華大學
企業管理學系
107
Since customers nowadays often rely on products’ reputation or word of mouth, sources for such information can be rather crucial. Traditionally, their tips on which cosmetics products to buy often came from blogs, but now they tend to turn to Cosmetic Social Community. Past research on the combination of Technology Acceptance Model and Informational System Success Model and on Cosmetic Social Community have been rather scare. So this research project is meant to examine impact of Information Quality, System Quality and Service Quality on Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust in members, Trust in the website, Attitude Toward Use and Use Intention. The researcher had people who had once had Cosmetic Social Community at their sources of information. 1056 questionnaires were given out and the researcher ran a Structural Equation Modeling analysis with 938 completed, valid questionnaires. The findings may be concluded as such: (1) The better uers’ conceived Information Quality of the site, the higher the Perceived Usefulness (2) the better uers’ conceived Information Quality of the site, the better the trust in its members (3) the better uers’ conceived website System Quality, the higher the Perceived Usefulness (4) the better the conceived System Quality, the higher the Perceived Ease of Use (5) the better the conceived website System Quality, the better the trust in the site (6) the better the Service Quality, the higher the Perceived Usefulness (7) the better the Service Quality, the more trust in the site (8) the higher the Perceived Usefulness, the better the trust in the members (9) the better the Perceived Usefulness, the better the trust in the site (10) the higher the Perceived Usefulness, the more positive the overall ratings (11) the higher the Perceived Ease of Use, the better the Perceived Usefulness (12) the higher the Perceived Ease of Use, the higher the overall ratings (13) the better trust in the members, the better the ratings (14) the more trust in the site, the higher the overall ratings (15) the better overall ratings a customer gives, the more willing he/she may to use the site
44
Raust, Jacques-Antoine. "Development of multidimensional Chromatography for complex (METH)Acrylate-based Copolymers used in cosmetic Applications." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1223/2/PhD_thesis_Raust.pdf.
Анотація:
The fast growing cosmetic market and the need for innovative products with new or combined properties lead to the development of a large variety of new complex polymer materials. The variations which can be achieved by modifying the monomer composition or the method of synthesis are very useful to produce (co)polymers with peculiar properties. The demand in characterization is then very important to understand the molecular structure of these new products in order to relate them with the observed properties aiming at the establishment of structure-property relationships. Such knowledge allows for optimization of the parameters of the synthesis and consequently the final application properties. The aim of this work was to develop analytical methods and tools to comprehensively characterise the heterogeneities of acrylate- and methacrylate-based copolymers. The focus of the method development was on multidimensional chromatographic techniques that allow the different parameters of molecular heterogeneity (e.g. molar mass distribution, MMD, chemical composition distribution, CCD) to be described quantitatively.
45
Wang, Yuan-Ta, and 王圓達. "Clinical Evaluation of the Properties of Commonly Used Antioxidants in Cosmetics by Detecting the Level of Carbonyl Group in Human Stratum Corneum." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35185772308913838709.
Анотація:
碩士美和技術學院
健康與生技產業研究所
98
Photoaging is known to be correlated with different kinds of oxidative stress. The extent of protein oxidation could be used as a biomarker for oxidative stress. An in vivo method for evaluating the anti-oxidative properties of compounds based on a simple immunoanalysis protocol to detect the extent of protein oxidation of stratum corneum by measuring the level of exposed carbonyl group on the proteins. The application of this method was used for evaluating the properties of various anti-oxidants in cosmetic formulations. Eight commonly used anti-oxidants in cosmetic formulation and one combination of anti-oxidants have been evaluated. The results indicated that pure vitamin E and vitamin C showed the best anti-oxidative capabilities. They could reduce the level of exposed carbonyl group by 90 %. Vitamin E-acetate and lipoic acid fall behind with 50~60% reduction, and ferulic acid with 22% reduction. Vitamin C-palmitate and AA2G showed poor performance. Glutathione increased the level of carbonyl group by 38 %. In the study of combination of anti-oxidants, vitamin E-acetate and lipoic acid showed synergistic effect. Our Study also indicated that vitamin C-palmitate and AA2G showed significant capability for scavenging DPPH; however, they did not perform well for reducing the level of exposed carbonyl group in vivo. Vitamin E-acetate and Lipoic acid showed no DPPH scavenging capabilities. On the other hand, they showed capability for reducing the level of exposed carbonyl group. It is very likely that vitamin E-acetate could be converted to vitamin E in stratum corneum based on a time course study of vitamin E-acetate.
46
Raust, Jacques-Antoine [Verfasser]. "Development of multidimensional chromatography for complex (meth)acrylate-based copolymers used in cosmetic applications / vorgelegt von Jacques-Antoine Raust." 2008. http://d-nb.info/993935540/34.
47
yen, hsu ling, and 許菱晏. "A study of the natural products for whitening cosmetical use－the inhibitory effect of pomegranate extracts on tyrosinase activity and acne pathogens." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83805185125278044918.
Анотація:
碩士亞洲大學
生物科技學系碩士班
95
There are three main goals in our study. The first is screening the source of the Tyrosinase inhibitor. The materials included Auricularia polytricha、 Antrodia sp.、Monascus sp.、leaves of Citrus grandis、Pomegranate、leaves of Avocado、Black sesame、leaves of Calamondin、peel of Pitaya、and Lycium seed oil. The result of the first part of experiment indicated that pomegranate extracts showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The second is exploring the extraction conditions of Pomegranate including temperature, extract solvents, extract time and inhibition of tyrosinase by extract concentrations. The results indicated that the extracts of Pomegranate peel could reach the best inhibition effect at 90℃(86%) from the temperature ranges via ambient temperature to 90℃; however, the extracts of Pomegranate seeds showed the best inhibition at 80℃(56%) from the same temperature range. Different combinations between extraction solvents (i.e., water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) and testing materials exhibited different extraction efficiency in terms of inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. For instance, the extract of pomegranate peel showed better inhibition effect in the solvents of water, ethanol and methanol. The extract of pomegranate seeds exert better inhibition in the 3 solvent of water. In terms of durance of extraction from 15 minutes to 5 hours, two hours was the best for pomegranate peels to show best inhibitory effect; while in the case of pomegranate seeds, it was 1 hour (55%). In order to determine threshold amount of material, which could have best performance in the tyrosinase inhibition, the amount of testing materials was set at 10 to 100mg per milliliter. In the case of pomegranate peels and seeds, 50mg/ml was the best quantity for extraction. The third is to evaluate the potential inhibition effect of pomegranate on the acne pathogens. The results indicated that water and ethanol extracts exhibited certain antibiotic activativities on Staphylococcus aureus; while water、ethanol and methanol extracts had better antibiotic response to Propionibacterium acnes.a
48
Lee, ChingPei, and 李經蓓. "The Study on the Research and Development of Proper Cosmetic Products Designed for the Training Use in the Departments of Cosmetology of the Taiwanese Vocational High Schools." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89383498912175500969.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
高階主管管理碩士學程
100
The cosmetic industry of Taiwan is very mature now and the education of cosmetology has responded to the market demand indefatigably. For over three-decade’s development there are more than 140 departments of Cosmetology in the vocational high schools and more than 65 colleges and universities offer cosmetology courses all over this island. This paper majorly studies the way of how to match the skill gap between the school and the beauty salon thru the cooperative training offered by the industry. How to train the students to meet the need and requirement of the cosmetic industry is the purpose of this study as well. For the time being the service of cosmetology has become more and more diverse and versatile. The major specialty includes hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, sauna, spa, aromatherapy, bridal modeling, wedding planning, health therapy, and others. However, the skill that the students learned from cosmetology schools never can satisfy what the employers really want. It is found in many researches and analyses that the discrepancy in the criterions made by the industry, authority, and academy really exists and unfortunately becomes a problem. Via literature review, questionnaire survey, scientific analysis, and validation with research assumptions this study proposes the corporation plan for the cosmetic industry to develop the proper cosmetic products for the training use in the cosmetology schools. It has found that if the industry is willing to produce the right products for training and practical exam in order to promote the technical communication and help cosmetology licensing to meet the market requirement there will be a win-win situation in the future. Not only the consumers will pay respect and appreciation to the community of cosmetology, but also the industry will get the good employee and practical training they need. Key Words: Cosmetic Industry, Cosmetology Licensing, Education of Cosmetology
49
Su, Yueh-Jing, and 蘇月鏡. "A study on the Difference of Customers Characteristics Between Life Style and Cosmetic-Used Behavior – A Case on Tung Fung Design Institute’s Students." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9xfutr.
Анотація:
碩士東方設計學院
時尚美妝設計系
105
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the life style and the cosmetic-used behavior of young people. A questionnaire was taken with 183 of students of Tung Fang Design Institute, which located at southern Taiwan. The validity of questionnaire was reviewed by expert. Cronbach’s α was used for the analysis of the questionnaire. The study included three major aspects, which were activities (A), interests (I), and opinions (O). The AIO was further analyzed to 11 aspects, which were popular trend, brand trend, outdoor trend, online shopping trend, desire trend, leisure trend, entertainment trend, fashion trend, health care trend, desire for beauty trend, and appearance trend aspects. The results showed that the variance of the activity aspect was 60.5%. The popular trend, brand trend, and outdoor trend aspects were found to have 0.784 of Cronbach’s α, which showed acceptable of internal consistency. For popular trend, the students of Department of Fashion and Cosmetolog Design (DFCD) showed significantly than that of Department of Tourism and Leisure Management (DTLM), the students of Departmnet of Food & Beverage Managemnt (DFBM) showed significantly than that of DTLM, and the students of DFBM showed significantly than that of Department of Design Marketing (DDM). For brand trend, female showed significantly than male. For outdoor trend, working students showed significantly than that of not. The variance of the interest aspect was 65.255%. The online shopping trend, desire trend, leisure trend and entertainment trend aspects were found to have 0.750 of Cronbach’s α, which showed acceptable of internal consistency. For online shopping trend, the students of DFCD showed significantly than that of DFBM and female showed significantly than male. For desire trend, the students of DFBM showed significantly than that of DFCD, DTLM, and DDM, male showed significantly than female, diploma students showed significantly than degree students, and working students showed significantly than that of not. The variance of the opinion aspect was 71.378%. The fashion trend, health care trend, desire for beauty trend, and appearance trend aspects were found to have 0.775 of Cronbach’s α, which showed acceptable of internal consistency. For fashion trend, female showed significantly than male. For health care trend, the students of DFCD showed significantly than that of DFBM, the students of DDM showed significantly than that of DFBM and DTLM. For desire for beauty trend, male showed significantly than female, working students showed significantly than that of not, and the students of DFBM showed significantly than that of DFCD, DTLM and DDM. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Life style,Cosmetics ,Cosmetic-used behavior, AIO(Activities,Interests,Oponions)。
50
LIU, FANG-FEI, and 劉芳菲. "A Study of the Impact of Source Type and User Comments of Cosmetic Website on Website Trust, Purchase Intention and Willingness to Share." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56ur5f.
Анотація:
碩士輔仁大學
大眾傳播學研究所碩士班
106
With the booming development of Web2.0 user-generated content, the e-commerce industry has undergone a tremendous transformation. In the past, the use of user-made content in business domain was mostly a marketing method. Besides, most research of user-generated content are case studies by methods of social investigation, and the consideration was slightly insufficient. This research adopts laboratory experimentation, focusing on female consumers. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of different source types of the product information in the cosmetic shopping website (agent-generated content/user-generated content), and whether there is a purchase comment section in the website on consumers’ website trust, purchase intention and willingness to share. Taking 123 female students of Fu Jen Catholic University as the experimental sample. The results of this study are expected to complement academic research on content source types and online user comments. At the same time, it provides a decision-making reference for e-commerce business owners or website practitioners of how to applicate user-generated content and usercomments on the website to attract, further more, retain customers. The results also provide the advice on prioritizing the strategies at different stages of website development.