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1
Levin, M., and K. Matrosova. "Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2014): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-4-99-122.
Анотація:
The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.
2
Anderson, Beverlee B. "Corrupting activities and economic development." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-07-2014-0020.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships of different types of corruption and selected economic measures that appear to contribute to a country’s sustainable economic development. Design/methodology/approach – The research used selected data from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey on corruption activities (Irregular Payments and Bribes, the Diversion of Public Funds, Organised Crime, and Favouritism in Decisions of Government Officials) and Ethical Behaviour of Firms. The economic data (FDI, GDP, GDP Growth and Capital Formation among others) is from the World Bank database. A series of statistical models were developed to examine the relationships among different types of corruption and a country’s economic development. Findings – The findings are mixed, showing that some types of corruption have greater negative impact on specific aspects of economic development. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by the availability of data from reliable sources and the availability of data on a limited number of corruption activities. Only four aspects of corruption are examined in this paper. Only selected aspects of a country’s economy were examined. The variables analysed in the study were not available for each of the 179 countries. Practical implications – A country may learn the types of corrupting activities that must be controlled to aid in the targeted growth of specific economic development, such as Direct Foreign Investment. Originality/value – This study builds on previous work by Anderson (2012, 2013) that used Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) as a global measure of corruption. This study, in contrast, uses the results of the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey, to indicate the perceived level of different types (components) of corruption. By using more specific measure of corruption, there is a better understanding of the relationships between corruption and economic development.
3
Molokanov, Viktor, Elena Malysheva, Ekaterina Chumakova, Vadim Yakovenko, and Andrey Zelensky. "The economic approach to designing anticorruption institutions." SHS Web of Conferences 109 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110901025.
Анотація:
Contemporary economic analysis of corrupt behaviour requires practical consideration of the issues concerning projecting of social anti-corruption institutions. The economic science has accumulated sufficient practical experience of institutional construction in society, for instance approaches provided by K. Sunstein’s and E. Ostrom. The requirement of reasonability in managing economic interactions makes the society refuse from the dichotomy of market (anarchical, spontaneous) and non-market (hierarchical) institutions. The same tendency can be observed in arranging anti-corruption struggle in state management. Both approaches - aimed at creating fixed vertical hierarchy as well as at creating competition at the lowest bureaucratic level - are inappropriate. That is why anticorruption institutions arranging should be based on economic models of rational criminal and citizens involvement in law enforcement activity. These models enable to harmonize state dirigisme related to the state management ex ante with basic provision of laissez-faire doctrine – personal motives of people’s behaviour. Standard economic supply and demand model has shown inelasticity of corruption crimes supply in Russia. Non-price determinants (cultural norms, “tabu”) seem to be more significant in motivating corruption behaviour than price determinants (seriousness and probability of punishment). Economic characteristics of elasticity and inelasticity of supply and demand in the model of involvement into law enforcement activity enable to create strategy of developing social anti-corruption institutions.
4
Kostadinova, Tatiana, and Zoltán Kmetty. "Corruption and Political Participation in Hungary: Testing Models of Civic Engagement." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 555–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418800556.
Анотація:
Extant literature concludes that corruption may have a devastating effect on economic growth and institutional trust in transitional democracies, but scholars remain divided on how malfeasance influences political behavior. In this article, we explore the likelihood of a mobilization effect of corruption in a post-communist setting. We argue that the indicators used in previous scholarship on corruption vary in important ways and may affect citizen incentives for participation differently. In particular, we hypothesize and then assess whether actual experience with bribery, perceptions of widespread corruption, and concerns about increase of corruption in the future encourage individuals to engage in different sets of activities. Original data from a 2014 post-election survey in Hungary are used for empirical tests of several regression models. Our findings suggest that the type of corruption assessment is important for the specific political activity in which a citizen would engage.
5
Arapović, Adisa, Craig A. Depken, and Mirsad Hadžikadić. "Corruption in Transition Economies: Cause or Effect?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 20, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2017-0011.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper investigates the empirical relationship between corruption, economic growth, and government spending in fourteen transitioning economies from 1995-2013. We find strong evidence of bilateral Granger causation between economic growth and corruption for the full sample but weaker evidence of such a relationship for four former Yugoslav republics. We also find bilateral Granger causality between government spending and corruption but a weaker unidirectional Granger causality from government spending to corruption in four former Yugoslav republics. Our results recommend caution when assuming that corruption is purely exogenous in empirical models.
6
Ugol’nitskii, G. A., and A. B. Usov. "Dynamic Models for Coordinating Private and Public Interests in Economic Corruption." Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 59, no. 1 (January 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064230720010128.
7
Antipin, I. В., and Y. I. Volodina. "Research of the possibility of reducing corruption in Russia based on mathematical multi–factor models." System Analysis in Science and Education, no. 4 (2020) (December 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/2071-9612-2020-4-1-9.
Анотація:
This article emphasizes the modern trends in the formation of corruption in state and municipal management in Russia. The main features of the introduction of new anti-corruption tools are given. The main approaches to implementing management decisions are presented. In modern conditions, the need to transition the economy to the digital reality of the XXI century becomes urgent, which will certainly contribute to the eradication of corruption at various levels. For the effective socio-economic progress, anti-corruption is the most important strategic task. Based on the analysis, forecast indicators of corruptionwere obtained, on the basis of which recommendations were identified that minimize the degree of corruption in our country.
8
Mandal, Ram Briksh. "Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Nepal (2004-2017)." Economic Journal of Nepal 40, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v40i1-4.35949.
Анотація:
This study aims to examine the impact of corruption on economic growth in Nepal for the period 2004 - 2017. The result of the regression analysis shows that there is a negative relationship between the dependent variable (GDP) and corruption level in Nepal. This means that as the level of corruption activities increases, economic growth decreases significantly. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommend as follows: The activities of the anticorruption agencies in Nepal such as The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) should be strengthened; the public should be educated about the problems that corrupt practices create for the economy and the society at large, and be discouraged from participating incorrupt practices. Nepal should put in leadership positions honest individuals who would serve as role models to minimize the negative consequences of corruption with its negative impact on the development and growth of Nepal; corruption is easily growing in Nepal because government involvement in economic decision making is high.
9
Pluskota, Anna. "The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth and Innovation in an Economy in Developed European Countries." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.2.77-87.
Анотація:
<p>Theoretical background: The article explores the relationship between corruption and innovation in an economy and between corruption and economic growth. The multi-faceted and complex nature of corruption means that the impact of corruption on innovation and economic growth is unidirectional. There are arguments in the literature for both positive and negative effects of corruption on macroeconomic fiures. Most empirical research confirms the linear negative impact of corruption on economic growth. These results are the opposite of theoretical arguments that there may be both positive and negative consequences of corruption. Purpose of the article: The research aim is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the impact of corruption on selected macroeconomic variables. This goal was achieved by analysing the most signifiant arguments describing the relationships between chosen variables. Based on the literature analysis, research hypotheses were developed, and they were verifid in an empirical study. The results were analysed in the discussion section. Research methods: The study is based on a set of data on economically developed countries in Europe from 1996 to 2017. The empirical study was conducted using basic statistical measures – descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient, whereas econometric models were based on the GMM system (Generalized Method of Moments). Main findings: The results of this research show that the relationships between corruption and the measure of innovation, and corruption and economic growth are not linear. They take the form of a parabola. This means that the influence of corruption on innovation and economic growth is not the same for all levels of the corruption indicator. The relationship between corruption and economic growth is specific enough to show that a low level of corruption is economically justified from the point of view of empirical research. This is possible because corruption solves other economic problems, such as bureaucracy, which limits development. Corruption will support economic growth if the state does not work properly.</p>
10
Azam, Muhammad, and Chandra Emirullah. "The role of governance in economic development." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 12 (November 25, 2014): 1265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2013-0262.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of corruption as an important element of weak governance, with control variables such as inflation rate, openness to trade and dependency ratio on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita income of nine selected countries in Asia and the Pacific. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on an annual panel data covering the period from 1985 to 2012, and a simple multiple regression for empirical investigation is used. Both fixed effects and random effects models were used as analytical techniques. Findings – The study reveals that both corruption and inflation rate are negatively related to GDP per capita and are statistically significant. As to the impacts of the control variables i.e., dependency ratio is found to be negative and openness to trade to be statistically significant which shows a positive impact on GDP per capita. Practical implications – The results resoundingly confirmed the importance of good governance, therefore, reducing endemic corruption and controlling inflation needs to be among the foremost factors for consideration for policymakers in adopting and implementing macroeconomic and public policies. In order to be most effective in tackling corruption, it is important to get to the root of the problem. In light of the study findings, it is suggested that corruption need to be put under control and economies be made more open to attain more benefits and accelerate economic growth and development. Originality/value – Explicitly, this study provides some valuable evidence on the linkage between endemic corruption and economic growth in some Asia and the Pacific countries in particular and on developing world in general. Presumably, this is the first inclusive investigation on the subject under the study in the context of Asia and the Pacific countries and will emphatically contribute to the literature as well.
11
Silva, Marcos Fernandes da. "The political economy of corruption in Brazil." Revista de Administração de Empresas 39, no. 3 (September 1999): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-75901999000300004.
Анотація:
This article is the first part of a research on corruption in Brazil and it is theoretical. Despite this, it provides an economic interpretation of corruption using Brazil as a case study. The main objective of this research is to apply some microeconomic tools to understand the "big corruption"�. However, I am going to show that corruption is not simply a kind of crime. Rather, it is an ordinary economic activity that arises in some institutional environments. Firstly, some corruption cases in Brazil will be described. This article is aimed at showing that democracy itself does not ensure control over corruption. Secondly, I am going to do a very brief survey of institutional changes and controls over corruption in some Western Societies in which I am going to argue that corruption, its control and its illegality depend on institutional evolution by streamlining the constitutional and institutional framework. Thirdly, I am going to explain how some economic models could be adopted for a better understanding of corruption. Finally, I will present a multiple-self model applied to the public agent (politician and bureaucrat) constrained by institutions and pay-off systems.
12
Ertimi, Basem Elmukhtar, Abulkasem Dowa, Elham Mohamed Albisht, and Basim Aboubaker Oqab. "The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in OIC Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n9p91.
Анотація:
Economic growth in a country can be attributed to many variables, both positive and negative. Raising the level of human capital, openness and investment are examples of factors typically considered to have a positive impact on economic progress, while corruption is one of the factors that are often seen as detrimental to economic growth. The purpose of this study is to analyse whether the levels of perceived corruption in a cross-section of countries have affected their economic growth rates over the years 2003-2010. The study is conducted with a regression on a sample of 14 countries and eight variables for the time period in question. The models are constructed on the basis of the endogenous growth theory. Results using economic freedom index (EFI) shows that corruption has a negative impact of economic growth in the countries in question.
13
Ali, Muhammad. "Analisis Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Korupsi (Dalam Perspektif Struktural Menuju Pemahaman Teoritik Baru Tentang Korupsi Politik Di Indonesia)." JIAP (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik) 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jiap.v6i1.666.
Анотація:
Corruption is an urgent issue that must be overcome, in order to achieve healthy economic growth. Various notes on corruption that are always preached by the mass media both print and electronic, illustrated the increase and development of corruption models. Anti-corruption rhetoric is not enough to resolve / dismiss this disgraceful practice. Legislation that is part of the legal politics made by the government, becomes meaning less, if not accompanied by seriousness to manifestation of existing legislation. Legal politics is not enough, if there is no recovery of the executor or the perpetrators of the law.
This study aims to find out how the political economic implications of corruption in Indonesia, and what strategies can be done to minimize corruption practices and how multiplier effect for the efficiency and effectiveness of economic development in Indonesia.
This research uses qualitative method with descriptive approach. In this case researchers describe the results of research. Therefore, researchers conducted observations and interviews then analyzed it with data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions.
The results can be concluded that the eradication of corruption as if only a political commodity, powerful material rhetoric attract sympathy. Therefore, civil society's intelligence is needed to monitor and make political decisions to prevent the corruption of corruption in Indonesia. It is not easy to eliminate corruption but should be sought to minimize corruption.
14
Marysyuk, Kostyantyn B., Inna O. Tomchuk, Mykhaіlo D. Denysovskyі, Iryna O. Geletska, and Bohdan V. Khutornyi. "Diia. Digital state’ and E-Government Practices as Anti-Corruption Tools in Ukraine." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (August 5, 2021): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.83.
Анотація:
The research is topical due to complex structure and multifactority of corruption in transition countries, its overcoming and prevention. The study is aimed to identify opportunities and assess the political experience of anti-corruption practices in transition countries, based on analysis of anti-corruption policy, in part e-government. Case study methods, systemic analysis of modernization processes in the political systems of transition countries, structural and functional analysis of anti-corruption policy, methods for predicting the success of transit processes in countries, modeling plausible scenarios of these processes were applied. Transitional systems are highly corrupt. There is institutional corruption in transition countries, i.e. corruption that has become a special institution regarding traumatic social transformation. The reason for institutionalization of corruption is weakness of transitional states, which has not yet become democratic. The use of information technology in political management becomes one of the leading criteria for democratization of political institutions, openness of political systems. Optimization of anti-corruption practices involves in part introduction of e-government. The consideration of e-government is methodologically comprehensive. The consequences of corruption relate to the redistribution of budget funds, various economic benefits, which are not always good for citizens. Economic growth is slowing down, the priorities of socio-economic development are distorted, the labor and entrepreneurial motivation of economic agents, is distorted. The experience of modernization of transformations and political reforms in different regions shows that one of the main factors determining specifics of political process is effectiveness of national models of anti-corruption practices in interests of citizens
15
de la Poza, Elena, Lucas Jódar, and Paloma Merello. "Modeling Political Corruption in Spain." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9090952.
Анотація:
Political corruption is a universal phenomenon. Even though it is a cross-country reality, its level of intensity and the manner of its effect vary worldwide. In Spain, the demonstrated political corruption cases that have been echoed by the media in recent years for their economic, judicial and social significance are merely the tip of the iceberg as regards a problem hidden by many interested parties, plus the shortage of the means to fight against it. This study models and quantifies the population at risk of committing political corruption in Spain by identifying and quantifying the drivers that explain political corruption. Having quantified the problem, the model allows changes to be made in parameters, as well as fiscal, economic and legal measures being simulated, to quantify and better understand their impact on Spanish citizenship. Our results suggest increasing women’s leadership positions to mitigate this problem, plus changes in the political Parties’ Law in Spain and increasing the judiciary system’s budget.
16
Maslii, Natalia, Natalia Zakharchenko, Viktoriia Butenko, Oksana Savastieieva, Tetiana Butenko, and Liudmyla Shyriaieva. "Modern technologies of detection and prevention of corruption in emerging information society." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.06.
Анотація:
With the development of the information society, there has been rapidly growing number of international research on the role of various (information, innovation, intelligent) technologies as a catalyst to fight corruption. As you know, the problems posed by corruption are economic, social and political consequences. In recent years economists and various researchers have shown increasing interest in studying the phenomenon of corruption. Many researchers in the field of studying corruption phenomenon are of theoretical nature, which studied different behaviors without having developed effective methods and technologies to identify and prevent corruption in the various spheres of government. In this regard, there is a need to study the world experience of application of technologies in the prevention of corruption and anti-corruption platform in Ukraine. This will allow to adapt them to positive experience in the implementation of mechanisms to identify and prevent corruption in Ukraine. The authors believe that to obtain a more accurate picture of the corruption situations that provide characteristics and its quantitative description is possible only by means of modelling the corruption phenomenon. In this regard, the analysis of theoretical models of corruption was made: the modelling made by the mathematical notation of the models and conclusions on the effectiveness of their application in management. Using simulation, the authors came to the conclusion that the detection and prevention of corruption should be carried out with the use of technologies and the system approach: from the study of statistics and use of anti-corruption platforms, public registers and databases to logical and probabilistic (LP) risk models of corruption.
17
Tyburski, Michael, Patrick Egan, and Aaron Schneider. "Deep Determinants of Corruption? A Subnational Analysis of Resource Curse Dynamics in American States." Political Research Quarterly 73, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912919878264.
Анотація:
Drawing on comparative resource curse literature and American literature on the determinants of corruption, we argue that the impact of natural resource extraction on corruption outcomes is state-dependent. That is, in environments where corruption is already high, natural resource windfalls allow political actors and economic elites to take advantage of state brokerage, further increasing corruption. However, in previously less-corrupt states, increased natural resource extraction will not induce corruption. We rely on hierarchical linear models to interpret federal corruption convictions data for the fifty American states between 1976 and 2012 and employ generalized method of moments estimators to account for potential endogeneity. The findings are robust to alternative specifications and have implications for the management of new resource extraction opportunities.
18
MAITLAND, ELIZABETH. "CORRUPTION AND THE OUTSIDER: MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN THE TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY OF VIETNAM." Singapore Economic Review 46, no. 01 (April 2001): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759080100022x.
Анотація:
Transitional Vietnam exhibits key characteristics that economists argue are conducive to corrupt practices and, by knock-on effects, to slower economic growth. The process of liberalisation has shifted the status quo in Vietnam, permitting entry by a wider pool of bribe-takers and bribe-givers. Standard economic definitions of corruption focus on the abuse of public office for private gain, whereby corrupt practices are modelled as distortions in the distribution of government provided goods and services. This paper modifies existing models, specifying corruption as a distortion to the definition, allocation and/or enforcement of property rights. The model incorporates an explicit role for the incentive set that shapes behaviour by government officials, private individuals and firms. Abuse of public office is modelled as a distortion to property rights, including the re-assignment of private rights as the result of lobbying or rent-seeking activities. Local norms may sanction corruption against certain groups. The MNE is one case in point; others include different ethnic, religious and socio-economic groups. As outsiders in an environment historically hostile to "outsiders", MNEs represent "easy" corruption targets.
19
Горбанева, Ольга Ивановна, and Olga Gorbaneva. "Corruption mechanisms in models of social and private interests combining engine in the case of one agent. Optimization approach." Mathematical Game Theory and Applications 12, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/mgta_2020_2_15.
Анотація:
The paper is devoted to the investigation of corruption in models of social and private interests combining (SPICE-models) in the case of one agent. The specific attention in the article is given to the optimization approach investigation. In the structure of model between the higher level (principal) and the lower levels (agents) element "supervisor" is included. Supervisor acts in interests of principal, but he can weaken principal's demands for agent in exchange of a bribe. Administrative and economic corruption mechanisms are introduced and investigated. Optimization approach is applied.
20
Ali, Mahnaz muhammad, Mariam Abbas Soharwardi, and Rozina Sadiq. "Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical investigation of Asian Developing Economies." NICE Research Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.v13i4.225.
Анотація:
Developing economies have different cultural and economic characteristics, but they often experience similar levels of corruption. At one side developing economies are facing the issue of corruption; on the other hand, they are a potential recipient of FDI. The present study used the data of 31 developing Asian economies from 2000 to 2017 to determine the impact of host country’s level of corruption on inward FDI. System GMM technique is applied for empirical investigation since the problem of endogeneity and heteroscedasticity are found in the models. Results reveal that corruption has a positive and statistically significant impact on inward FDI; corruption also has a positive impact on FDI inflows to GDP ratio for the panel countries. Hence the results of the study endorse the grease the wheel hypothesis of corruption. It is concluded countries should focus their resources to create business friendly environment instead to focus on anti-corruption policies only.
21
Bistyaykina, D. A., and O. M. Lizina. "CORRUPTION AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM: THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1717-1725.
Анотація:
The article analyzes the main results of a sociological study conducted in January-March 2020 with the aim of identifying the attitude of modern Russian society to corruption, forming a social portrait of a corrupt official and analyzing the consequences of corrupt behavior. Particular attention was paid to the population’s assessment of the main corruption threats, the consequences of the functioning corruption relations, the effectiveness of government measures in combating corruption. There was revealed the duality and distortion in the definition of corruption among citizens and experts. On the one hand, they perceive corruption as a social problem in modern Russian society. On the other hand, some forms of corrupt behavior have a right to exist. On the basis of the study, the signs of acts of corruption were identified: benefit or advantage for both parties, mutual consent of the participants in the action, the emergence of mutual obligations, the basis on violation (non-compliance) of the law or moral standards adopted in society, personal benefit of the party to the detriment of public interests, committing in a hidden form. Among the main negative trends in the Russian society arising in connection with the development of corruption, the authors highlight the weakening of the role of the law, a decrease in the economic agents’ trust in the state, a decrease of trust to the government, a slowdown in economic growth and development, an increase in social inequality and social tension; deterioration of the investment climate. There is a need to form anti-corruption models of behavior in society and use all existing mechanisms aimed at countering the development of illegal practices. It has been determined that in order to solve the problem of corruption, it is necessary to use a complex of institutional, economic, legislative, educational and educational measures of state regulation.
22
Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth. "What Unites Right-Wing Populists in Western Europe?" Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 1 (October 17, 2007): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414006294168.
Анотація:
Unlike for the green party family, no empirically backed scholarly consensus exists about the grievances mobilized by populist right parties in Western Europe. To the contrary, three competing grievance mobilization models can be distinguished in the existing literature. These models focus on grievances arising from economic changes, political elitism and corruption, and immigration. This study discusses these three grievance mobilization models and tests them on comparable cross-sectional survey data for all seven relevant countries using multinomial probit analysis. The study finds that no populist right party performed well in elections around 2002 without mobilizing grievances over immigration. However, it finds several examples of populist right parties experiencing electoral success without mobilizing grievances over economic changes or political elitism and corruption. This study therefore solves a long-standing disagreement in the literature by comprehensively showing that only the appeal on the immigration issue unites all successful populist right parties.
23
Patapas, Aleksandras, and Aistė Diržytė. "Lietuvos gyventojų susidūrimo su korupcija ir pasitenkinimo gyvenimu paradoksas." Public Policy and Administration 14, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/vpa-15-14-2-01.
Анотація:
Much of the debate over corruption has focused on the role of various psychological, economic, political factors. As it is shown in the overview of the current tendencies in research, there is a variety of models explaining the phenomenon of corruption. The presented study aimed at evaluating psychological profiles (emotions, satisfaction with various life domains) of people, stating that they have often experienced corruption. This paper presents some results of the survey, which was conducted in 2014 in Lithuania (n=1002). The analysis of Lithuanian data has demonstrated that the higher are rates of corruption experience, the higher is satisfaction with life in Lithuania as well as satisfaction with the financial situation, consuming possibilities, etc. The authors come to the conclusion that these results could be named “paradox of Lithuanian residents’ corruption experience and satisfaction with life”. The authors indicate that additional research is needed.
24
Yeganeh, Hamid. "Culture and corruption." International Journal of Development Issues 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-04-2013-0038.
Анотація:
Purpose – This study aims at investigating the effects of cultural values on corruption by integrating Hofstede's, Schwartz's, and Inglehart's frameworks. Design/methodology/approach – First, corruption is conceptualized and Schwartz's, Hofstede's and Inglehart's cultural dimensions are presented. In the second part, the relationships among concepts are discussed and the hypotheses, variables, and theoretical models are presented. Then, the empirical tests are conducted, the theoretical/managerial implications are discussed, and an integrative model is proposed. Findings – The empirical analysis confirms that after controlling for the effects of socio-economic development, cultural values have considerable influence on the level of perceived corruption. More specifically, it is found that Hofstede's High Power Distance, High Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity and Collectivism, Schwartz's Conservatism and Harmony, and Inglehart's Survival and Traditional-religious dimensions are associated with the corrupt behavior. By contrast, the opposite values namely Hofstede's Low Power Distance, Low Uncertainty Avoidance, Femininity, and Individualism, Schwartz's Autonomy and Mastery, and Inglehart's Self-Expression and Rational-secular dimensions tend to impede corruption. Research limitations/implications – This study has a limited scope as it relies on narrow conceptualizations of culture and corruption. Furthermore, like many cross-cultural studies, the current analysis relies solely on the national-level data and overlooks the effects of intra-national variations. It is important to note that while culture has important implications for the corrupt behavior, its effects should not be considered as deterministic. Practical implications – By referring to the integrative model of this study, managers and scholars can conveniently describe a country's culture, understand the implications, and make sense of the level of associated corruption. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature by integrating three widely employed cultural frameworks, by incorporating a large number of countries into the research design, by providing a profound understanding of the influence of culture on corruption, and particularly by offering a comprehensive model for scholars and practitioners.
25
Canestri, Daniele. "The 2012 Italian anti-corruption law in light of international best practices." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 264–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2013-0031.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare a new anti-corruption law approved by the Italian Parliament in November 2012 with Italian treaty obligations, the international evaluation reports on the Italian anti-corruption regime elaborated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Council of Europe, the best practice guidelines and other European models. The year 2012 has marked a turning point in Italian anti-corruption policy. In response to the low ranking that Italy has in all international anti-corruption indices, the critiques expressed in international reports on its anti-corruption regime, and the increasing pressure of public opinion, the Italian parliament approved the new anti-corruption law. Design/methodology/approach – The Law was preceded by critiques in the mass media and has been labelled as a token act. To evaluate the effectiveness of the steps undertaken by the Italian Parliament, this paper compares the new law with Italian treaty obligations, the international evaluation reports on the Italian anti-corruption regime elaborated by the OECD and the Council of Europe, the best practice guidelines and other European models (i.e. the UK Bribery Act). Findings – This comparison gives the author the opportunity not only to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the law but also to suggest efficient solutions that the Italian legislator could have adopted. Originality/value – So far, this is the only analysis in English of the changes introduced in the Italian anti-corruption regime in 2012. Several international colleagues and practitioners have asked the author about the new regime and it was therefore deemed appropriate to address the issue in an academic article.
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Koh, Bee Hui, Wai Peng Wong, Chor Foon Tang, and Ming K. Lim. "The double-edge resource-based view of logistics performance and governance in Asian countries." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-07-2017-0135.
Анотація:
PurposeAsia has been transformed into a well-regulated dynamic platform for trade and is today world’s fastest-developing economic region. However, the increasing cross-border economic activities create new opportunities for corruption. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of corruption on trade facilitation using logistics performance index (LPI). This paper also examines the moderating effect of governance or government effectiveness (GE) on the relationship between corruption and LPI within Asian countries.Design/methodology/approachA panel of time-series data from year 2007 to 2014 of 26 Asian countries was collected for analysis. Static linear panel models which comprised of pooled ordinary least squares, fixed-effect model and random-effect model were utilised to analyse the panel data.FindingsThe findings show that corruption significantly affects LPI and each of the six dimensions in LPI. The results also show that governance or GE has a moderating effect on the relationship between corruption and LPI.Practical implicationsThis study benefits Asian governments to gain a better understanding on influences of corruption on trade facilitation and triggering suggestions of a government role in the relationship. Practically, the results could be used as a guideline in improving national LPI. Besides, the findings could be used to support policy decision to modify corruption regulations at the national and regional levels.Originality/valueThis study reveals that the optimistic view of sands in the wheel overcomes the dark side of the grease in the wheel practices. To be corrupt free or less corrupt is a rare and inimitable resource capability that makes nations logistically competitive.
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Rocha, Silvia Pereira da, and Francisco Antonio Bezerra. "Timely loss recognition in Brazilian firms under corruption investigation." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 32, no. 86 (August 2021): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202110570.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT This article evaluates the impact of the disclosure of the participation of Brazilian firms listed on the Bolsa Brasil Balcão (B3) in corruption scandals through media scrutiny and by disclosure of independent auditors on the quality of accounting information, measured from the perspective of accounting conservatism. We examine the possible theoretical link between the disclosure of corruption scandals and the quality of accounting information in the Brazilian context. Brazil has gone through successive corruption scandals involving firms and government entities in different levels. Accounting can be an important tool to mitigate said risks based on the artifacts it has to inform key stakeholders. However, it is necessary to identify the extent to which these artifacts can be influenced by the actors involved in these scandals. The research places accounting as an instrument subject to pressures from different interests and that may be shaped to them. Although accounting is an instrument that must aim to reduce information asymmetry, preventing the harmful effects of corruption, in specific contexts, it can be used in the opposite direction, such as in cases of corruption and economic crises. We used the model based on Ball and Shivakumar (2005) with specific modeling characteristics for corruption and crisis. The models were estimated using the Stata 13 software using the pooled approach using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method, clustered by year and economic sector, and the Generalized Least Squares (GSL) estimator. The results point to the presence of conservatism when disclosing involvement in investigations of corruption crimes in Brazil. This behavior was less intense in firms effectively mentioned in these events. These results highlight the relevance of studies aimed at clarifying the connections between corruption and accounting reports, enabling the development of measures to curb corruption in the business environment.
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Elfrida, Fira, and Dian Oktaviani. "PENGARUH INDEKS PERSEPSI KORUPSI, KEBIJAKAN MONETER DAN FISKAL TERHADAP FUNDAMENTAL EKONOMI MAKRO DI INDONESIA." Media Ekonomi 23, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v23i2.3324.
Анотація:
<em>The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), monetary and fiscal policies on macroeconomic fundamentals in Indonesia with the period 2005 - 2013. The variables used in this study include economic growth and inflation as dependent variables, Corruption Perception Index (GPA), BI Rate, statutory reserve requirements, tax revenues, subsidies, capital expenditure and goods expenditure as unbounded (free) variables. The analysis method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) approach by estimating the static and dynamic models to determine the long-term balance and short-term balance. The results of this study indicate that in the short-term economic growth is significantly influenced by tax and subsidy revenues which are part of the fiscal policy component, while in the long run are significantly influenced by the BI Rate and minimum statutory demand deposits which are monetary policy instruments. And in the short run inflation is significantly influenced by the BI Rate, while in the long term the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), monetary and fiscal policies do not significantly affect inflation</em>
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Habibov, Nazim, Elvin Afandi, and Alex Cheung. "Sand or grease? Corruption-institutional trust nexus in post-Soviet countries." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 2 (July 2017): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2017.05.001.
Анотація:
This paper empirically tests several hypotheses about the nexus of corruption-institutional trust in Post-Soviet transitional countries of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. We use two different indices of institutional trust to check the robustness of our analysis and estimate OLS and instrumental variable models with and without interaction terms. All things considered, our findings reject “greases the wheels” and “trust begets an honest political system” hypotheses. Instead, our findings support the “sand the wheels” hypothesis. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction model suggests that the negative marginal effects of experienced corruption are higher in the environments where satisfaction with services is low. In addition, we found that increases in corruption erode trust at all levels of the societal institutions including political parties, government and financial institutions, international investors, non-profit organizations, and trade unions. This finding is important since it highlights the negative consequences of corruption on the development of broader level economic institutions and on civil society.
30
Xiaohu, Zhou, Mohammad Heydari, Kin Keung Lai, and Zheng Yuxi. "Analysis and Modeling of Corruption among Entrepreneurs." REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas 8, no. 16 (December 29, 2020): 262–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v8i16.10699.
Анотація:
Bribery may eradicate social welfare. In the current research, we inspected the mechanism of bribery behaviour based on the (NASH Theory or Non-Cooperative static game theory) which stated by John Forbes Nash Jr. in 1978. With the general hypothesis of “Rational Player,” two bimatrix game models are settled to evaluate the briber and the bribee strategy choice. After discussing the cost-benefit of the (Participants or players), some useful conclusions and dissolve analysis are drawn out. The current study provides three novel experiments that put both metaphors to the test. Overall, a little quantitative study has investigated sequential unethical behaviour. Insomuch prior studies focus on third-party observers’ acceptance of continuous vs. abrupt immoral acts, or the role of self-control and ethical disengagement in the slippery slope of lesser cheating acts empirical investigation contrasting ongoing to the abrupt occurrence of corruption is missing altogether. Recent advances in empirical corruption studies methodology allow the first examination of these different procedures while preserving the economic costs and benefits constant. In the current study, we used a recently improved corruption game by [Köbis, van Prooijen, Righetti, Van Lange, 2015].
31
Samoška, Mindaugas. "The Problem of the Ease of Doing Business Assessment." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 1, no. 3 (April 11, 2011): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/155.
Анотація:
The study deals with the ease of doing business and global competitiveness assessment models. Both models basically describe conditions for doing business in a certain country that is being ranked and evaluated. However, different data mining principles differ the results (quantitative and qualitative methods), although factors measured are basically the same concerning its nature and importance. The World Economic Forum’s method takes into account several factors that are possible to evaluate only in quantitative method (e.g. Ethics and corruption). We have overviewed both models and graphically presented evaluation processes with detailed factors that are evaluated in each model.
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Tjandrasa, Benny Budiawan, Agus Ariwibowo, and Rofinus Jewarut. "THE INFLUENCE OF INFLATION RATE, EXCHANGE RATE, CORRUPTION CONTROL, AND POLITICAL STABILITY TO INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT BOND YIELD." Petra International Journal of Business Studies 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.3.1.18-22.
Анотація:
As a developing country that still has to develop in all fields and to maintain its economic development, the Indonesian government requires significant funds for development. To fulfill the lack of funds obtained from the tax, the Indonesian government sells bonds. Indonesia's 10-year government bonds are known as Surat Utang Negara (or abbreviated as SUN). This study aims to confirm whether the inflation rate, exchange rate, political stability, and corruption control affect the yield of SUN. The research uses descriptive methods and explanatory studies with secondary data based on systematic sampling of periods chosen from January 2013 to December 2019. Multivariate regression equation models were used with a significance level of 5% for the t-test. The conclusions are: partially and simultaneously inflation rate, exchange rate, control corruption, and political stability have a significant effect on the Indonesian Government Bond. This research found that deteriorating political stability and control corruption would cause government bond yields to increase
33
Mitin, A. N., and P. Uv Kuznetsov. "International Anti-Corruption Practices." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-2-51-60-71.
Анотація:
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of problems of corruption in foreign countries. Corruption is seen as the inefficiency of public administration associated with a violation in relations between the principal and the agent: the first receives services, the second provides them.It is noted that corruption is the abuse of state and municipal authorities for private gain. A sharp rise in corruption was noted by researchers in the XIX century. At the same time, the first attempts to counter it at the legislative level appeared. At the end of the 20th century (December 17, 1979), the UN General Assembly adopted the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials. The legal basis for the definition of corruption was the adoption in 2003 of the UN Convention against Corruption, and three years earlier the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. For the first time, the thesis was voiced that the fight against corruption is the responsibility of states, and for its effectiveness a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach is needed. In this regard, researchers decided to note the multiplicity of causes of corruption, highlighting the legal, economic, institutional and sociocultural factors, as well as dividing corruption into white, gray and black. According to the geographical classification and the statement that there are no non-corruption countries, they build several models of corruption: Asian, African, Latin American, European.Researchers agree that the level of corruption in all countries depends on the institutional environment and social conditions; it remains an important political phenomenon.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific methods, special methods of cognition of international practice, phenomena and processes (analytical examination, synthesis, system-oriented and functional-analytical approaches, interpretation and characteristics of legal norms, comparative legal analysis).Results. In the course of the analytical study, the resources involved in the orbit of corruption, the terms and definitions of this dangerous phenomenon, the legal basis of such definitions proposed by the international community were characterized. International documents of a recommendatory nature relating to the fight against corruption, state anticorruption programs of individual countries, formed some recommendations of an anti-corruption nature were considered.Discussions and conclusions. The application of an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the formation and implementation of systemic activities in which the democratization of public life and the transparency of the activities of all authorities are obvious and necessary is substantiated.
34
Orayo, Joseph Abuga, and George Nyarigoti Mose. "A Comparative Study on Contribution of Governance on Economic Growth Countries in the East African Community." International Journal of Regional Development 3, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v3i2.9848.
Анотація:
<p>This study sought to explore the relationship between good governance and economic growth among the East Africa Community (EAC) countries. The study utilized panel data to analyse six major World Bank governance indicators namely: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption effect on economic growth in the respective country and region for the period 1999-2013. The Random effect model (REM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation techniques were employed for comparative analysis. The study showed that among the governance indicators, political stability, quality regulatory and control of corruption were significant. The first two indices were negatively related to economic growth rate while the latter was positively related to economic growth rate. From the OLS models, voice and accountability had a significant effect on economic growth rate in Kenya and Uganda. The quality of regulation had significant effect in Kenya and Tanzania while rule of law was found to be significant only in Kenya. The study suggests that in order to advance the economic performance in EAC countries, the EAC states need to invest in more effective regulation on both public and private institutions to enhance social, political and sustainable economic interactions. Similarly, the government needs to encourage national cohesion and peaceful co-existence that would foster political stability and reduce violence. By investing in good governance through establishment of key institutions of governance are likely to spur economic growth.</p>
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Zgurovsky, Michael, Oleg Gavrysh, Sergiy Solntsev, Anna Kukharuk, and Natalia Skorobogatova. "Selection of indicators for the scenario modeling of the progressive countries’ economic development." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.36.
Анотація:
The study aims to improve methodical approach for formalizing the sustainable development models for progressive countries by suggesting the relevant representative indicators. The study is performed using the statistical approach to determine the suitability of data for further modeling using indicators of variation, taking into account the normality of the population distribution as the main criteria of the data set quality. The study highlights the results of processing measurable quantitative economic, social, and environmental indicators of different countries that may be used for identifying possible changes in the world’s sustainable development. The authors select the indicators for scenario modeling of the sustainable development of Brazil, India, China, Republic of Korea, and the USA, as well as suggest a set of relevant affecting factors. To confirm the meaningful impact of different factors, such as biological balance, conflicts intensity, corruption perception and other, a neural network is developed, and its preliminary training on the test data is conducted. The obtained results can be used to predict economic changes in the world under the influence of specific economic, social, and environmental factors.
36
Tsebelis, George, and Dominic J. Nardi. "A Long Constitution is a (Positively) Bad Constitution: Evidence from OECD Countries." British Journal of Political Science 46, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123414000441.
Анотація:
This article starts with two empirical observations from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries about longer constitutions: (1) they are more rigid (that is, more difficult to amend) and (2) they are in practice more frequently amended. The study presents models of the frequently adopted rules for constitutional revision (for example, qualified majorities in one or two chambers, referendums) and demonstrates that, if longer constitutions are more frequently revised, it is because they must impose actual harm on overwhelming majorities. In trying to explain this finding, the article demonstrates that longer constitutions tend to contain more substantive restrictions. Countries with longer constitutions also tend to have lower levels of GDP per capita and higher corruption. Finally, the negative effect of constitutional length on GDP per capita is shown to persist even if corruption is controlled for.
37
Yang, Kai, and Stephan Ortmann. "From Sweden to Singapore: The Relevance of Foreign Models for China's Rise." China Quarterly 236 (May 28, 2018): 946–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018000486.
Анотація:
AbstractChina can be described as a “learning state” which has adapted to changing conditions and frequently turned outward for lessons. In recent years, Sweden and Singapore have drawn particularly strong interest from Chinese academics because the two countries represent two different “third ways” between Communism and capitalism and have been useful for developing a socialism “with Chinese characteristics.” Sweden is seen to symbolize the ideals of social equity and harmony while Singapore is seen as a model of authoritarian state-capitalism. China's transformation has resembled the Southeast Asia city state's model more than the Scandinavian social democratic model. Since Xi Jinping assumed power in 2012, interest in Sweden has reached a nadir, while attentiveness to Singapore has peaked. Although Chinese state-capitalism faces many challenges, including rising inequality and persistent corruption, it will be difficult to find an alternative role model that can successfully combine one-party rule with economic modernization.
38
Rusanov, Georgy, and Yury Pudovochkin. "Money laundering and predicate offenses: models of criminological and legal relationships." Journal of Money Laundering Control 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-12-2016-0048.
Анотація:
Purpose Purpose of the study is to show the relationships of money laundering with predicate offenses. Design/methodology/approach Each of these groups of crimes was investigated against the following criteria: statistical data on convictions and the proportion of prisoners in the general structure of a criminal record, links to organized crime, methods of money laundering and proportion of laundered money received from a particular predicate offense in the total amount of money laundered. Findings Based on the study of Russian legislation and practice peculiarities of this relationship, the features of the following relationships were revealed: relationship between widespread and relatively easy-to-control crimes against the property and drug trafficking and high latent and more difficult-to-control corruption and economic crimes. Originality/value As a result, it was concluded that there is a potential connection between the public danger of money laundering, the degree of crime organization and efficiency of the process of money laundering depending on the type of a predicate offense.
39
Bostan, Ionel, Mihaela Brindusa Tudose, Raluca Irina Clipa, Ionela Corina Chersan, and Flavian Clipa. "Supreme Audit Institutions and Sustainability of Public Finance. Links and Evidence along the Economic Cycles." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179757.
Анотація:
Against the backdrop of concerns for diminishing the vulnerabilities of the economies of the Member States, the EU has adopted measures to strengthen budgetary discipline and control of the public deficit. In this context, the responsibility of government institutions has increased, not only in ensuring the sustainability of public finances but also in direct or indirect cooperation for good economic governance. From this perspective, this study aims to assess the impact of macroeconomic variables and those associated with supreme audit institutions on the sustainability of public finances measured by the size and dynamics of government deficit and gross public debt. Additionally, the impact of the same variables on governmental effectiveness and control of corruption has also been assessed. The data collected from secondary sources and panel data models were used to conduct an empirical study of the EU Member States which covered the 2002–2019 period and the sub-periods, divided as follows: pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis. The results of the study show that supreme audit institutions, through their organizational structure, the nature of their activities, and professionalism, may contribute to the reduction of public deficit and gross public debt and, implicitly, to higher efficiency and control of corruption. The results of analyses for the sub-periods show that ISAs played a more important role in reducing government deficit during crisis and post-crisis periods. By confirming or rejecting the results of the few studies that have been conducted so far, this study provides additional evidence that fills the gaps in the literature.
40
Al-Shammari, Nayef, and Huda Al-Rashid. "Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the Arab Region: The Case of Knowledge Spillover Effects." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n1p106.
Анотація:
<p>This research aims to focus on how institutional barriers in the Arab region may account for losses in FDI inflows along with their potential technology spillover effects, as well as to show how the deficiency of absorptive capacities serve as an important factor for attracting inflows. The analysis relies on endogenous growth models at an aggregate regional level and a microeconomic firm-level. Findings based on linear OLS regressions, reveal a positive correlation between improved institutional factors and potential FDI spillovers, with significance varying in certain countries. Policy implications involve having targeted FDI policies to enhance absorptive capacities, improving information asymmetry to reduce corruption, and enhancing the labor market regulatory framework to improve human capital development as an incentive for FDI inflows.</p>
41
Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Cooperative strategic games." Theoretical Economics 16, no. 3 (2021): 825–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te3648.
Анотація:
The value is a solution concept for n‐person strategic games, developed by Nash, Shapley, and Harsanyi. The value of a game is an a priori evaluation of the economic worth of the position of each player, reflecting the players' strategic possibilities, including their ability to make threats against one another. Applications of the value in economics have been rare, at least in part because the existing definition (for games with more than two players) consists of an ad hoc scheme that does not easily lend itself to computation. This paper makes three contributions: We provide an axiomatic foundation for the value; exhibit a simple formula for its computation; and extend the value—its definition, axiomatic characterization, and computational formula—to Bayesian games. We then apply the value in simple models of corruption, oligopolistic competition, and information sharing.
42
Kovalchuk, Olha, and Olena Hyryla. "Modelling economic dimensions of global sustainable development." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(91) (January 1, 2019): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.117.
Анотація:
The article reveals the problems of “measuring” economic dimensions of global sustainable development of modern society, improves the existing set of indicators for an adequate quantitative assessment of economic growth and develops optimal mathematical models for integrated assessment of economic dimensions of global sustainable growth. The subject matter of the study includes the most important challenges of sustainability and direction relevant to economic activities, and also the main indicators of effectiveness of public economic policy, which provide information and scientific knowledge useful for identifying key factors of development. The main significant results of using methods of mathematical modeling for building models of economic growth have been examined. The main problem of mathematical modeling of economic component of sustainable development is an adequate choice of qualitative and quantitative indications, as well as development of more complex device for mathematical and computer modeling for analyzing features of economic phenomena and economic aspects of the function of sustainable development. It is claimed that the long-running economic crisis, a growing gap in access to advantages of economic progress, age disparity in wealth, income inequality in developed countries and increasing ecological degradation due to unsustainable practices have lead to the situation when economic policies of many countries do not adequately meet the needs of public welfare and society. The authors state that the problems enumerated above along with the sluggish growth call into question the efficiency of traditional models of economic growth. In addition, it is indicated that geopolitical tension and unstable currency are slowing down economic growth. The study provides a correlation analysis, factor analysis (principal component method), discriminant analysis (developing classification functions), and data mining (classification trees). A factor model for the quantitative assessment of economic component of sustainable development has been developed. A country classification by economic growth indicators is developed and the results are presented as a tree solution. An optimal discriminant model for building classification functions of country allocation by the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is constructed. This index is one of the basic dimensions of a long-term economic growth relevant to analyzed economic indicators of sustainable development. It is found that GCI is an adequate dimension of economic component of global sustainable development. The Global Talent Competitiveness Index, ICT Access Index and Corruption Perception Index are the most significant for country allocation by its levels
43
Hurnyak, Ihor, and Aleksandra Kordonska. "The “Taste of Life” as a Mechanism of Overcoming Corruption." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0012.
Анотація:
The issue of measuring the “taste of life” is one of the main tasks in the proces of management decentralization in the state. The term “taste of life” is considered to be the degree of an individual’s satisfaction from living, functioning and carrying out his own activity in society in accordance with economic rules and orders. To solve this problem, three approaches were applied by considering the “taste of life” as a function of state authorities’ services, shadow activity and communal budget. Based on mathematical modelling and the results of expert surveys in 50 communities in the Ukrainian environment, authors made an attempt to identify the degree of state’s regularities in society and to test the constructed models. According to the results, a higher “taste” on the basis of state services caused a decrease in the likelihood of a person returning after the possibility of working and living abroad. The higher “taste” caused the smaller sensitivity to institutes of the shadow economy. At the same time, the “taste” on the basis of shadow services correlates negatively with sensitivity to the state’s official engagement in business and penalties for informal activity. So, the higher this segment, the smaller the sensitivity. The behavior of those who consider communal services and the work of the community as a basic variable is quite different. The “taste” on the basis of community services cannot explain the sensitivity to the shadow institutes and dynamics of emigration. Consequently, decentralization is a way of overcoming corruption.
44
Belov, P. G. "Corruption as a threat to the russia national security. Evaluation and reduction of risk on the modeling’s basis." Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-10-23.
Анотація:
The article presents the study of the corruption call (CC) results which implies the development of the corresponding threat, which requires a response to save the nation and the country created by it. The main emphasis is on an a priori assessment of the measure of the possibility of CC and the expected social and economic damage from it. The main tools used are graph-analytical and logical-probabilistic modeling, as well as the system analysis of the circumstances of the spread of corruption based on it and the system synthesis of proposals for its limitation. The assessing criteria of the CC severity is the risk, interpreted as an integral measure of this danger and measured in person-years of lost social time. The models developed by the author are causal diagrams and their mathematical equivalents, taking into account several dozen prerequisites for the appearance of CC and the outcomes of its destructive manifestation. Among the factors of the first group are prevail everything that results from the vicious privatization of the former USSR property and the overconsumption of the Russia citizens, while their negative consequences are various forms of economic, political and moral damage. Considering the specificity of social processes and the limited humanitarian methods of their research, an important place in the article is devoted to evaluating the parameters used in the model using the apparatus of the fuzzy sets theory and automating its system (qualitative and quantitative) analysis.
45
Iqbal, Badar Alam, Mohd Nayyer Rahman, and Shaista Sami. "Impact of Belt and Road Initiative on Asian Economies." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910119887059.
Анотація:
Chinese President Jinping initiated one of China’s grandiose foreign policy initiatives in 2013. He emphasized on the reconstruction of Silk Road Economic Belt and a twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road (MSR), together referred as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI presents opportunity for trade, investment, and jobs between China and Asian economies that will support increasing consumption, infrastructure development, political associations, and sustainable development in many parts of the world. This article examines the BRI project and its growth, specifically from the Asian perspective. The study is an endeavor to identify the impact of BRI on the growth of Asian economies along the BRI route (corridors). For achieving this objective, data has been obtained from various websites and the time period considered is between 2009 and 2016. The panel data regression has been used with controllable macroeconomic variables. The results based on multiple models indicate a significant impact of BRI on the economic growth of Asian Economies. Other macroeconomic variables, such as imports, political stability, and corruption, also have a significant impact on the economic growth of the Asian economies.
46
Ozmen, Alper, and Tufan Saritas. "The Impact of the Institutional Factors in the Public Sphere on Export in OECD Countries." Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 66, no. 1 (2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2021_1_7.
Анотація:
As it is known, export is a positive economic phenomenon that is desired to be realized for all countries. From this point of view the effect of institutional factors in the public sphere on export was investigated in 36 OECD countries for the period between 2002-2018. Four different models were established in the study and export was defined as the dependent variable in all models. In the first model it is determined that there is a negative relationship between the control of corruption and export. In the second model it was determined that there is an inverse relationship between regulatory quality and export. In the third model it is observed that there is a similar relationship between political stability and exports. In the fourth model that investigates the possible effect of the rule of law on exports there was no statistically significant relationship between the relevant variables.
47
Degourmond, Nyemb Pagbe Rémi. "Institutions and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Effect of Investment Climate Quality." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 04 (April 24, 2020): 1706–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i04.em04.
Анотація:
This paper assesses the impact of investment climate quality on economic growth for a sample of 21 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), over the period 1996-2014. The investment climate is measured simultaneously by individual components and composite indices, in order to capture both its global and specific effects, with a view to possibly identifying the most determining factors in the economic growth of SSA countries. In addition, in order to verify the robustness of our results, two composite indices of investment climate were constructed using the Principal Component Analysis method, with variables from two main databases (the World Governance Indicators database of World Bank and the International Country Risk Guide database).By using fixed and random effects models based on Hausman test results, we generally find that investment climate is a major determinant of economic growth in the countries of the SSA of the study sample. This result is valid regardless of the composite index or the individual component considered. Fight against corruption, protection of private property rights, efficiency of government, the quality of bureaucracy and regulation appear to be the most decisive components in accelerating economic growth for the sample of country considered.
48
Mirgorod-Karpova, V. V., and D. V. Murach. "Foreign experience in ensuring the economic security of the state." Legal horizons, no. 25 (2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i25.p131.
Анотація:
The article highlights the experience of foreign countries in ensuring the economic security of the state. The main part of the work is devoted to the analysis of different models of government agencies to ensure the economic security of different countries. In the current conditions in which Ukraine finds itself, such as the severe economic crisis, the coronavirus pandemic, high levels of corruption and others, there is an urgent need for a rational and prompt response by the authorities to such obstacles to stability. Especially today, when due to the pandemic of coronavirus infection, which has caused unfavorable conditions for doing business and normal employment, the issue of mobilization of all economic forces to bring the country out of crisis is relevant. Potentially, such obstacles could significantly weaken Ukraine's economy for many years to come. The authors of the article propose to overcome this problem, to explore foreign models of bodies that provide financial and economic security. Thus, the key subject of research will be various foreign bodies that ensure the economic security of the country and doctrinal sources that cover the improvement of the current model of economic security in Ukraine and the world. Therefore, to ensure the appropriate level of economic security of Ukraine, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of foreign experience in this area in order to attract and implement in national legislation certain ideas that may further positively affect the state of the national economy. The paper pays special attention to the introduction of a single law enforcement body to ensure economic security in Ukraine. Some opinions of legal scholars on the need to introduce such a body and the implementation of foreign experience in Ukraine are given. The authors pay special attention to the experience of the Financial Guard of Italy and the administrative and legal mechanism of its interaction with other public authorities.
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Tüzüntürk, Selim, Betül İnam, and Filiz Giray. "Analyzing the relationship between foreign direct investment and privatization in the European Union Founder Nations by using panel data approach." Panoeconomicus 65, no. 5 (2018): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan160106001t.
Анотація:
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and privatization are two of the most important components in liberalization World. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there exist a statistically significant relationship between FDI and privatization, or not. To do so, a panel data sample of fourteen European Union (EU) Founder Nations in 1998-2012 was used to estimate various panel data models. The special feature of panel data is that it allows researchers to construct and test more realistic behavioral models that could not be identified using crosssection or time series data alone. Based on the sample results, between privatization as the primary independent variable and FDI was found a statistically significant positive relationship. Although other explanatory variables such as growth, trade openness, and corruption perceptions index, were found to have statistically significant effects on FDI, budget deficit was found to be statistically insignificant. Moreover, statistically significant parameters? signs showed that all of the economic expectations were satisfied.
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Eder, Leontiy, Irina Filimonova, Vasily Nemov, Anna Komarova, and Vladislav Kozhevin. "Identification of factors affecting sustainable development of renewable energy sources in transport." E3S Web of Conferences 80 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198001004.
Анотація:
At present motor transport is one of the key components of the formation of a long-term policy of sustainable economic development. Analysis of the structure of energy consumption in motor transport is necessary for better understanding of the factors that affect the increase in the share of renewable energy sources in transport and the effectiveness of specific support measures for the transition to vehicles with minimal or no greenhouse gas emissions. Models of pooled regression, regression with random and fixed effects were built in order to reveal the influence of the chosen factors on the share of renewable energy and electricity in the structure of energy consumption by vehicles. The results of evaluation for 31 European countries in the 2005-2017 showed that the criterion, which allows identifying groups of countries, is the volume of environmental transport taxes per vehicle unit. Countries with higher taxation volumes has such influencing factors as Corruption Perceptions Index, Energy productivity, Total environmental taxes per capita and Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors and knowledge-intensive service sectors. Consumption in countries with lower tax differentiation is influenced by index of research intensity, Corruption Perceptions Index and Shares of environmental and labour taxes.