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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Corrélation photonique"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Corrélation photonique"
Carminati, Rémi, and Romain Pierrat. "Désordre corrélé : un degré de liberté pour le contrôle des propriétés photoniques." Photoniques, no. 111 (November 2021): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202111147.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Corrélation photonique"
Winckler, Pascale. "Spectroscopie de corrélation de fluorescence : fluidité membranaire et détection de molécule unique en solution concentrée." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0009.
Повний текст джерелаFluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a single molecule technique very well suited for in vivo studies. We have used FCS to explore plasma membrane microfluidity of living cells. Measurements were conducted at the single cell level, which enabled us to get a detailed over-view of the typical plasma membrane microviscosity distribution of each cell line studied (LR73, MCF7, KB3. 1, MESSA and MDCKII). A Monte Carlo simulation based on a 2D diffusion model enables us to link the asymetric fluidity distribution profile with the plasma membrane micro-organization. This result was used to determine the membrane organisation related to the surexpression of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a protein implicated in multidrug resistance. We also compare the membrane structuration of various cancer cell lines, each comes in two versions, a sensitive one and a resistant one to a chemotherapeutic drug: the Doxorubicin. Secondly, we propose a new excitation scheme based on a nonradiative energy transfert. This approach allow us to reduce the illumination depth of the microscope at the nanometric scale. We demonstrate its potential through two applications: FCS in micromolar solutions and fluorescence imaging on cells adhesion areas
Etienne, Emilien. "Spectroscopie de corrélation de fluorescence sur miroir : détection et exaltation de la luminescence de molécules biologiques individuelles diffusant en solution ou en milieu cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30048.
Повний текст джерелаSingle fluorescent molecule detection is often resrtricted by two problems : photon collection and size definition of the observation volume. In Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), we show that a mirror located at the objective focal point enables : (i) to enhance the collected photon number per fluorescent molecule, and (ii) to reshape the confocal volume with interference fringes. This new technique is firstly checked for fluorescent nanospheres, then for molecules of biological interest. We show numerically that this technique is well suitable for measuring diffusion coefficients in confined wavelength-sized structure. Finally, we confirm these results by studying fluorescent proteins diffusion in bacteria cytoplasm
Allain, Tituan. "Preuve de concept expérimentale d'un interféromètre hétérodyne astronomique moyen-infrarouge avec corrélation photonique à haute bande passante et détecteurs à puits quantiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY065.
Повний текст джерелаThe mid-infrared emission from protoplanetary disks and stellar envelopes carries precious information about their dust and gas composition and the phenomena occurring in the vicinity of young stars, like the formation of terrestrial planets. To study the underlying physics of such dynamical systems, astronomical instruments require a resolution below the astronomical unit on objects a hundred parsecs away. This resolution can only be achieved with long-baseline interferometry because it corresponds to telescope diameters of a few kilometres. The Planet Formation Imager initiative has identified the creation of a mid-infrared interferometric array with a large number of telescopes as the next major step to constrain the theoretical models that describe planetary formation.Currently, the most sensitive infrared interferometers, like the MATISSE and GRAVITY instruments at VLTI, rely on the direct recombination of light from several telescopes. This method is hardly scalable to many telescopes on kilometric baselines because of transmission losses and the bulkiness of the infrastructures. Heterodyne interferometry, which is widely used in radio-interferometry, has been identified as a possible alternative to direct interferometry in the mid-infrared because it does not require recombining the light from all telescopes physically. Instead, it relies on the heterodyne detection of the astronomical electric field with a phase-referenced local oscillator (a laser) and detecting the intermediate frequency with high-bandwidth detectors. The resulting signals are transmitted to a correlator whose role is to retrieve the interferometric observables from them. However, mid-infrared heterodyne interferometry suffers from reduced sensitivity because of the inherent quantum noise in heterodyne detection. Therefore, to detect weak astronomical objects, considerable efforts must be put to solve the technical and technological challenges that further limit the sensitivity of an heterodyne system.My PhD thesis concentrates on the correlation and detection aspects of mid-infrared heterodyne interferometry. The correlation aspect consists of setting up, operating, and characterising the HIKE (Heterodyne Interferometry Kilometric Experiment) demonstration bench at IPAG, Grenoble. The bench uses an analogue photonic correlator built with commercial telecom components at 1.5 micrometres wavelength to correlate mid-infrared signals at 10 micrometres wavelength with gigahertz bandwidths. Such a set-up is a world premiere. I have developed a methodology to characterise the noise levels inside the system to identify the top offenders that hamper the measurement of interferometric visibility, and implement solutions to improve the sensitivity of the bench. My results show that the noise level associated with the photonic correlator is sufficiently low not to deteriorate the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Hence, photonic correlation is sensitive enough to be used by heterodyne interferometry as an alternative to the computationally heavy digital correlation that is often used for radio heterodyne interferometry.The current top offenders of our system are the commercial mid-infrared detectors that are used for heterodyne detection. Therefore, to improve the sensitivity of the bench, I have studied the possibility of replacing our detectors with high-bandwidth mid-infrared quantum well detectors. This work has been done in collaboration with the QUAD team at LPENS, Paris, where I have characterised metamaterial enhanced Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP) and Quantum Cascade Detectors (QCD). The high bandwidths of these detectors would represent a significant advantage to detect a larger chunk of the astronomical signal. However, despite recent progress, their quantum efficiencies currently remain too low to obtain a game-changing sensitivity improvement in heterodyne interferometry. Further improvement in the technology is required
Chedid, Alex. "Photonique multimodale : caractérisation dynamique du canal de transmission de fibres optiques faiblement multimodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR018.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, there has been an increasing demand on data rate transmission (television, cloud computing, data center backup, video…). Current networks based on the use of single-mode optical fibers will no longer be able to support such rates in the coming years. We're talking about “Capacity Crunch”.Solutions based on the use of new multi-mode optical fibers are therefore being studied, in which each mode will be able to transfer as much information as a single-mode fiber. For example, for a multi-mode optical fiber that can guide N modes, the capacity is multiplied by N. Despite their advantages, the modes of the multi-mode optical fiber tend to couple and exchange information, thus reducing the distances that can be reached or limiting the bandwidth of the transmission - a process known as cross-talk.The measured or calculated cross-talk between all combinations of modes can be arranged in a matrix - the cross-talk matrix. However, the cross-talk matrix describes an average behavior. In order to go further in understanding and developing fast data transmission solutions, the instantaneous behavior of the fiber need to be described more precisely, by what is called a transmission matrix. This matrix characterizes the phase and amplitude of the exchanges between modes in real time or at least on time scales smaller than those governing environmental changes such as traffic induced vibrations, gusts of wind, temperature changes. Optical communications rely on DSP (Digital Signal Processing) which estimates the transmission matrix in order to be able to reconstruct the transmitted data from the received data, so knowledge about the typical behavior of the transmission matrix would make it possible to design faster algorithms necessary for the codes used at the end of the line to reconstruct the data sent. In addition, a method that identifies and quantifies the modal content of a probed fiber under different conditions is needed since the transmission matrix describes only the coupling between modes considering that the modal content is known previously.In this thesis, the analysis technique that quantifies and identifies the modal content of a few mode fiber (FMF) is based on the use of data obtained with the well-known spatially and spectrally resolved imaging (S2) technique. A new correlation-based method has been developed in our work to surpass the measurement limitations of the standard method using the same dataset. On the other hand, to measure the transmission matrix that characterizes the phase and amplitude of the exchange between modes, we used the measurement tool based on a spatial light modulator (SLM). The measurement setup and the numerical treatment developed in parallel have been designed to identify the eigen modes of the FMF and then express the transmission matrix in the basis of these eigen modes. Furthermore, a new and fast tool compared to the former ones (50 times faster) has been developed to measure the transmission matrix. Finally, two different FMFs were compared based on their coupling and mode attenuation coefficients via cross-talk measurements (study of cross-talk vs fiber length), and have been tested and compared when their subjected to external perturbations (Study of cross-talk vs micro-bending).This thesis work was supported by the Hauts-De-France Region. The work developed within it was carried out under the framework of the ANR « MUPHTA »
Billet, C. "Génération de similaritons optiques dans des amplificateurs à fibres dopées erbium." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373730.
Повний текст джерелаRouger, Vincent. "Développements méthodologiques pour l'exploration spatio-temporelle des mécanismes de transduction du signal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4056.
Повний текст джерелаThe plasma membrane separates the cell from its environment. But it is more than a barrier any cell has to communicate with the outside world. Therefore the plasma membrane plays a prime role in transferring and exchanging information. However, the biological study of the plasma membrane remains difficult due to the extraordinary complexity of it organization.My thesis is a part of an effort to develop new experimental approaches to explore more specifically the organization and the role of the plasma membrane in the signal transduction mechanisms. Two major aspects were followed: the first one concerns the description of the dynamics of membrane organization and of molecular interactions, the second concerns the inter-connectivity and signal transduction between a cell and other biological partners.This manuscript is composed of several parts. The first chapter briefly introduces the biological questions that I tried to answer. In the second chapter, I present the methods commonly used to study the membrane with a dynamic perspective. Additionally, I include a series of observations that I made on the EGF receptor diffusion. The third chapter is devoted to the fluorescence cross-correlation technique to study the assembly of the EGFR. In the fourth part, I demonstrate how scientific collaborations at the interface between biology and physics have led to the development of innovative solutions on a holographic optical tweezers system. I present applications of this system in different biological models. Finally, I conclude this thesis with a brief discussion about my technological and biological results
Grankin, Andrey. "Theoretical studies of optical non-linear effects in ultracold Rydberg gases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO006/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhotons appear as reliable information messengers since they interact very weakly with their environment. Unfortunately, they interact so weakly with each other that the direct implementation of optical two-qubit gates is impossible. The propagation through atomic nonlinear media however allows one to achieve effective photon-photon interactions. The technique of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) allows one to induce a strong resonant non-linearity -- not strong enough to be noticeable in the quantum domain though, on one of the transitions of a three-level ladder system. To enhance the nonlinear effects and reach the quantum regime, it was recently proposed to combine the EIT approach with the excitation blockade induced by the strong dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms. By putting the medium in a cavity, one imposes multiple passes to the light therefore increasing the optical nonlinearity. This kind of setup was studied both theoretically and experimentally in the dispersive regime and for a relatively weak nonlinearity, for which a classical treatment of the field is still valid. In this dissertation, we investigate the optical nonlinear effects induced by a Rydberg medium in the quantum regime.In chapter 1, we present our system, its dynamical equations and recall the definition and basic properties of the intensity correlation function g^{left(2right)}that we use to characterize the action of nonlinearity on the photonic field. In chapter 2, we consider the so-called dispersive regime, i.e. when the intermediate state is far detuned and can be adiabatically eliminated. We employ the Rydberg bubble approximation in which the system effectively consists in an ensemble of two-level superatoms coupled to the cavity mode, described by the driven Tavis-Cummings model. We compute analytically and numerically the g^{left(2right)}function of the transmitted light, which, depending on the cavity parameters, is shown to be either bunched or antibunched. In chapter 3, we present an alternative treatment of the system, which allows us to investigate the resonant regime. In the low-feeding limit, we analytically derive the correlation function g^{left(2right)}left(tauright)for the transmitted and reflected lights, based on the factorization of the lowest perturbative order of operator product averages. We then propose an effective non-linear three-boson model for the coupled atom-cavity system. Finally, we investigate the resonant regime and observe novel features of the correlation function g^{left(2right)}showing the interplay of impedance matching conditions and dipole-dipole interactions. In chapter 4, we analyze the system in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. Applying Wick's theorem, we perturbatively expand correlation functions with respect to both, feeding and dipole-dipole interactions Hamiltonians and perform a complete resummation with respect to the latter. By this method we recover the results of Chap. 3 in an analytic form. We also go beyond and derive analytic expressions for the elastic and inelastic components of the cavity transmission spectrum. We identify a polaritonic resonance structure in this spectrum, to our knowledge unreported so far, that we physically interpret. In chapter 5, we describe a novel scheme for high fidelity photonic controlled-phase gates using Rydberg blockade in an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. This protocol can be implemented with cavities of moderate finesse allowing for highly efficient processing of quantum information encoded in photons
Aouani, Heykel. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'exaltation et le contrôle de la fluorescence moléculaire dans des volumes sub-longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624233.
Повний текст джерелаBerthel, Martin. "Plasmonique classique et quantique sous pointe optique par microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY001/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn a metal surface, visible light can couple with surface free electrons to form a very interesting quasi-particle, the surface plasmon-polariton. The main property of this object is to be evanescent in the directions perpendicular to the surface. This feature makes the plasmon ideally suited to transport electromagnetic information in two dimensions and on a sub-wavelength scale. If it is excited by a quantum source, it retains this quantum aspect of the signal, even if millions of electrons are involved in its propagation.In this manuscript, I present the experimental and theoretical results obtained during my PhD in surface plasmonics. By combining the use of nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamonds, which are single photon emitters, and of a scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM), I was able to study numerous properties of the NV center and surface plasmons, both in the classical and quantum regimes.In particular, I have performed a complete study of the internal photo-dynamics of the NV center in different excitation regimes. Moreover, I have studied the leakage radiation microscopy, a dedicated imaging mode in plasmonics , by highlighting some optical aberrations that can arise in conditions of optical index mismatch. Furthermore, I have ran spatio-temporal correlation measurements on surface plasmons excited by NV centers with a specific experimental system I implemented.Finally, I describe in the manuscript the very first studies of the interaction between plasmons and different elliptical and parabolic cavities milled in the metal. This has led to the measurements of the plasmonic local density of states
Saygin, Mikhail. "Многомодовые перепутанные состояния в связанных оптических параметрических взаимодействиях и их применения в телепортации". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10157.
Повний текст джерелаThe main goal of the thesis is to elaborate the quantum properties, such as entanglement and quantum statistics, of multi-frequency fields, both spatial single-mode and multimode, generated in coupled parametric wave interactions and consider some applications of these fields in quantum information schemes. In the thesis two coupled (also named as concurrent or consecutive) parametric interactions involving modes of five frequencies are considered. The first interactions are two parametric down-conversion processes accompanied by the up-conversion process: [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, 2[Oméga]p=[Oméga]2+[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3. It has been shown that the resulting three-frequency optical field is in a three mode entangled state. We formulate the optimal conditions for creation of such type of entanglement. The other coupled interactions comprise one parametric down-conversion process with two up-conversion ones: [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]2=[Oméga]4. The entanglement analysis, carried out for these interactions, suggests that the modes with frequencies [Oméga]1 and [Oméga]2 low-frequency modes) along with modes with frequencies [Oméga]3 and [Oméga]4 (high-frequency modes) exhibit two-mode entanglement. Moreover, the symplectic eigenvalue criterion has shown the presence of block entanglement between low-frequency and high-frequency modes. The properties of the spatially multimode fields, generated in the second type of interaction, were investigated for two configurations of quantum imaging schemes: the near-field and the far-field. For both configurations the signal-to-noise ratio and entanglement properties of the generated images have been studied in detail. The schemes for teleportation of entangled spatial single-mode states and entangled images using auxiliary quantum states obtained in the second interactions are proposed and thoroughly analyzed. The teleportation quality in dependence on the amount of entanglement in auxiliary fields and the states to be teleported has been studied. For the images teleportation scheme the influence of the detectors pixel size on the quality of teleportation has been analyzed