Дисертації з теми "Corrector estimates"
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VO, ANK KHOA. "Corrector homogenization estimates for PDE Systems with coupled fluxes posed in media with periodic microstructures." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9693.
Повний текст джерелаHögström, Martin. "Wind Climate Estimates - Validation of Modelled Wind Climate and Normal Year Correction." Thesis, Uppsala University, Air and Water Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8023.
Повний текст джерелаLong time average wind conditions at potential wind turbine sites are of great importance when deciding if an investment will be economically safe. Wind climate estimates such as these are traditionally done with in situ measurements for a number of months. During recent years, a wind climate database has been developed at the Department of Earth Sciences, Meteorology at Uppsala University. The database is based on model runs with the higher order closure mesoscale MIUU-model in combination with long term statistics of the geostrophic wind, and is now used as a complement to in situ measurements, hence speeding up the process of turbine siting. With this background, a study has been made investigating how well actual power productions during the years 2004-2006 from 21 Swedish wind turbines correlate with theoretically derived power productions for the corresponding sites.
When comparing theoretically derived power productions based on long term statistics with measurements from a shorter time period, correction is necessary to be able to make relevant comparisons. This normal year correction is a main focus, and a number of different wind energy indices which are used for this purpose are evaluated. Two publicly available (Swedish and Danish Wind Index) and one derived theoretically from physical relationships and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data (Geostrophic Wind Index). Initial testing suggests in some cases very different results when correcting with the three indices and further investigation is necessary. An evaluation of the Geostrophic Wind Index is made with the use of in situ measurements.
When correcting measurement periods limited in time to a long term average, a larger statistical dispersion is expected with shorter measurement periods, decreasing with longer periods. In order to investigate this assumption, a wind speed measurement dataset of 7 years were corrected with the Geostrophic Wind Index, simulating a number of hypothetical measurement periods of various lengths. When normal year correcting a measurement period of specific length, the statistical dispersion decreases significantly during the first 10 months. A reduction to about half the initial statistical dispersion can be seen after just 5 months of measurements.
Results show that the theoretical normal year corrected power productions in general are around 15-20% lower than expected. A probable explanation for the larger part of this bias is serious problems with the reported time-not-in-operation for wind turbines in official power production statistics. This makes it impossible to compare actual power production with theoretically derived without more detailed information. The theoretically derived Geostrophic Wind Index correlates well to measurements, however a theoretically expected cubed relationship of wind speed seem to account for the total energy of the wind. Such an amount of energy can not be absorbed by the wind turbines when wind speed conditions are a lot higher than normal.
Vindklimatet vid tänkbara platser för uppförande av vindkraftverk är avgörande när det beslutas huruvida det är en lämplig placering eller ej. Bedömning av vindklimatet görs vanligtvis genom vindmätningar på plats under ett antal månader. Under de senaste åren har en vindkarteringsdatabas utvecklats vid Institutionen för Geovetenskaper, Meteorologi vid Uppsala universitet. Databasen baseras på modellkörningar av en högre ordningens mesoskale-modell, MIUU-modellen, i kombination med klimatologisk statistik för den geostrofiska vinden. Denna används numera som komplement till vindmätningar på plats, vilket snabbar upp bedömningen av lämpliga platser. Mot denna bakgrund har en studie genomförts som undersöker hur bra faktisk energiproduktion under åren 2004-2006 från 21 vindkraftverk stämmer överens med teoretiskt härledd förväntad energiproduktion för motsvarande platser. Om teoretiskt härledd energiproduktion baserad på långtidsstatistik ska jämföras med mätningar från en kortare tidsperiod måste korrektion ske för att kunna göra relevanta jämförelser. Denna normalårskorrektion genomförs med hjälp av olika vindenergiindex. En utvärdering av de som finns allmänt tillgängliga (Svenskt vindindex och Danskt vindindex) och ett som härletts teoretiskt från fysikaliska samband och NCEP/NCAR återanalysdata (Geostrofiskt vindindex) görs. Inledande tester antyder att man får varierande resultat med de tre indexen och en djupare utvärdering genomförs, framförallt av det Geostrofiska vindindexet där vindmätningar används för att söka verifiera dess giltighet.
När kortare tidsbegränsade mätperioder korrigeras till ett långtidsmedelvärde förväntas en större statistisk spridning vid kortare mätperioder, minskande med ökande mätlängd. För att undersöka detta antagande används 7 års vindmätningar som korrigeras med det Geostrofiska vindindexet. I detta simuleras ett antal hypotetiskt tänkta mätperioder av olika längd. När en mätperiod av specifik längd normalårskorrigeras minskar den statistiska spridningen kraftigt under de första 10 månaderna. En halvering av den inledande statistiska spridningen kan ses efter endast 5 månaders mätningar.
Resultaten visar att teoretiskt härledd normalårskorrigerad energiproduktion generellt är ungefär 15-20% lägre än väntat. En trolig förklaring till merparten av denna skillnad är allvarliga problem med rapporterad hindertid för vindkraftverk i den officiella statistiken. Något som gör det omöjligt att jämföra faktisk energiproduktion med teoretiskt härledd utan mer detaljerad information. Det teoretiskt härledda Geostrofiska vindindexet stämmer väl överens med vindmätningar. Ett teoretiskt förväntat förhållande där energi är proportionellt mot kuben av vindhastigheten visar sig rimligen ta hänsyn till den totala energin i vinden. En sådan energimängd kan inte tas till vara av vindkraftverk när vindhastighetsförhållandena är avsevärt högre än de normala.
Brenner, Andreas [Verfasser], Eberhard [Gutachter] Bänsch, and Charalambos [Gutachter] Makridakis. "A-posteriori error estimates for pressure-correction schemes / Andreas Brenner ; Gutachter: Eberhard Bänsch, Charalambos Makridakis." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114499692/34.
Повний текст джерелаRemund, Todd Gordon. "A Naive, Robust and Stable State Estimate." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1424.
Повний текст джерелаPelletier, Stéphane. "High-resolution video synthesis from mixed-resolution video based on the estimate-and-correct method." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79253.
Повний текст джерелаHorne, Lyman D., and Ricky G. Dye. "AN INEXPENSIVE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING TELEMETRY SIGNALS ON TEST RANGES TO ESTIMATE CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608407.
Повний текст джерелаIn an effort to determine a more accurate characterization of the multipath fading effects on telemetry signals, the BYU telemetering group is implementing an inexpensive data acquisition system to measure these effects. It is designed to measure important signals in a diversity combining system. The received RF envelope, AGC signal, and the weighting signal for each beam, as well as the IRIG B time stamp will be sampled and stored. This system is based on an 80x86 platform for simplicity, compactness, and ease of use. The design is robust and portable to accommodate measurements in a variety of locations including aircraft, ground, and mobile environments.
Sogunro, Babatunde Oluwasegun. "Nonresponse in industrial censuses in developing countries : some proposals for the correction of biased estimators." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278593.
Повний текст джерелаLincoln, James. "The Generalized Empirical Likelihood estimator with grouped data : bias correction in Linked Employer-Employee models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-generalized-empirical-likelihood-estimator-with-grouped-data--bias-correction-in-linked-employeremployee-models(5b100c37-0093-472b-95ad-aee519d1efd4).html.
Повний текст джерелаKitchen, John. "The effect of quadrature hybrid errors on a phase difference frequency estimator and methods for correction /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09ask62.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbyad, Emad. "Modeled Estimates of Solar Direct Normal Irradiance and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance in Different Terrestrial Locations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36499.
Повний текст джерелаRingard, Justine. "Estimation des précipitations sur le plateau des Guyanes par l'apport de la télédétection satellite." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Guiana Shield is a region that is characterized by 90% of a primary rainforest and about 20% of the world’s freshwater reserves. This natural territory, with its vast hydrographic network, shows annual rainfall intensities up to 4000 mm/year; making this plateau one of the most watered regions in the world. In addition, tropical rainfall is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variability. In addition to climate-related aspects, the impact of rainfall in this region of the world is significant in terms of energy supply (hydroelectric dams). It is therefore important to develop tools to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively and at high spatial and temporal resolution the precipitation in this area. However, this vast geographical area is characterized by a network of poorly developed and heterogeneous rain gauges, which results in a lack of knowledge of the precise spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and their dynamics.The work carried out in this thesis aims to improve the knowledge of precipitation on the Guiana Shield by using Satellite Precipitation Product (SPP) data that offer better spatial and temporal resolution in this area than the in situ measurements, at the cost of poor quality in terms of precision.This thesis is divided into 3 parts. The first part compares the performance of four products of satellite estimates on the study area and attempts to answer the question : what is the quality of these products in the Northern Amazon and French Guiana in spatial and time dimensions ? The second part proposes a new SPP bias correction technique that proceeds in three steps: i) using rain gauges measurements to decompose the studied area into hydro climatic areas ii) parameterizing a bias correction method called quantile mapping on each of these areas iii) apply the correction method to the satellite data for each hydro-climatic area. We then try to answer the following question : does the parameterization of the quantile mapping method on different hydro-climatic areas make it possible to correct the precipitation satellite data on the study area ? After showing the interest of taking into account the different rainfall regimes to implement the QM correction method on SPP data, the third part analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of the precipitation data used on the quality of the correction and the spatial extent of potentially correctable SPP data (SPP data on which the correction method can be applied effectively). In summary, the objective of this section is to evaluate the ability of our method to correct on a large spatial scale the bias of the TRMM-TMPA 3B42V7 data in order to make the exploitation of this product relevant for different hydrological applications.This work made it possible to correct the daily satellite series with high spatial and temporal resolution on the Guiana Shield using a new approach that uses the definition of hydro-climatic areas. The positive results in terms of reduction of the bias and the RMSE obtained, thanks to this new approach, makes possible the generalization of this new method in sparselygauged areas
Tran, Van-Tinh. "Selection Bias Correction in Supervised Learning with Importance Weight." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1118/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the theory of supervised learning, the identical assumption, i.e. the training and test samples are drawn from the same probability distribution, plays a crucial role. Unfortunately, this essential assumption is often violated in the presence of selection bias. Under such condition, the standard supervised learning frameworks may suffer a significant bias. In this thesis, we address the problem of selection bias in supervised learning using the importance weighting method. We first introduce the supervised learning frameworks and discuss the importance of the identical assumption. We then study the importance weighting framework for generative and discriminative learning under a general selection scheme and investigate the potential of Bayesian Network to encode the researcher's a priori assumption about the relationships between the variables, including the selection variable, and to infer the independence and conditional independence relationships that allow selection bias to be corrected.We pay special attention to covariate shift, i.e. a special class of selection bias where the conditional distribution P(y|x) of the training and test data are the same. We propose two methods to improve importance weighting for covariate shift. We first show that the unweighted model is locally less biased than the weighted one on low importance instances, and then propose a method combining the weighted and the unweighted models in order to improve the predictive performance in the target domain. Finally, we investigate the relationship between covariate shift and the missing data problem for data sets with small sample sizes and study a method that uses missing data imputation techniques to correct the covariate shift in simple but realistic scenarios
Klas, Juliana. "Advanced applications for state estimators in smart grids : identification, detection and correction of simultaneous measurement, parameter and topology cyber-attacks." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185233.
Повний текст джерелаO aumento da demanda e a preocupação com as mudanças climáticas são importantes motivadores para as fontes de energia renováveis e a modernização da rede elétrica. A modernização da rede elétrica inteligentes (REI) ou smart grid, não somente possibilita as fontes de energia renováveis mas também abre portas à novas aplicações de grande impacto como a prevenção e restauração automática de falhas e a possibilidade dos consumidores terem grande controle sobre o consumo de eletricidade e atuação participativa no mercado de energia. De acordo com o Instituto Norte Americano de Pesquisas do Setor Elétrico, um dos principais desafios a ser enfrentado no desenvolvimento das REIs é relacionado a segurança cibernética dos sistemas. O cenário da segurança cibernética atual é caracterizado pela rápida evolução dos riscos e vulnerabilidades que impõe desafios para a confiabilidade, segurança e resiliência do setor elétrico. Neste contexto, estimadores de estado do sistema de potência são ferramentas críticas para a confiabilidade da rede, sob um cenário de observabilidade do sistema eles possibilitam o fluxo de potência do sistema e a análise de dados incorretos. Neste trabalho, ataques cibernéticos são modelados como injeção de dados incorretos em medidas, parâmetros e topologia do sistema. A metodologia proposta possibilita detecção de ataques mesmo se eles pertencerem ao subespaço ortogonal formado pelas colunas da matriz Jacobiana e em áreas do sistema com reduzida redundância de medidas. A solução proposta pelo estado da arte considera correções em parâmetros ou topologia quando medidas estão livres de erros. Porém, como pode-se corrigir medidas se parâmetros ou a topologia estão simultaneamente com erros? Para resolver este problema um modelo relaxado é proposto e resolvido iterativamente. Assim que detectado e identificado, ataques cibernéticos em parâmetros, topologia e/ou medidas são corrigidos. As contribuições específicas do trabalho são: cálculo do desvio padrão para pseudomedidas (iguais à zero) e medidas de baixa magnitude baseado em medidas correlatas e propriedades da covariância; modelo baseado em relaxação lagrangiana e erro composto de medida para identificação e detecção de ataques cibernéticos; estratégia hibrida de relaxamento iterativo (EHRI) para correção de ataque cibernético em parâmetros da rede de modo contínuo e com reduzido esforço computacional e metodologia baseada em ciclo holístico de resiliência para estimadores de estado sob ataques cibernéticos simultâneos em parâmetros, topologia e medidas. A validação é feita através dos sistemas de teste do IEEE de 14 e 57 barras, testes comparativos elucidam as contribuições da metodologia proposta ao estado da arte nesta área de pesquisa. Trazendo as capacidades de mitigação, resposta e recuperação ao estimador de estado com esforço computacional reduzido, o modelo e metodologia propostos tem grande potencial de ser integrado em SCADAs para aplicação em casos reais.
da, Glória Abage de Lima Maria. "Essays on heteroskedasticity." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7140.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tese de doutorado trata da realização de inferências no modelo de regressão linear sob heteroscedasticidade de forma desconhecida. No primeiro capítulo, nós desenvolvemos estimadores intervalares que são robustos à presença de heteroscedasticidade. Esses estimadores são baseados em estimadores consistentes de matrizes de covariâncias propostos na literatura, bem como em esquemas bootstrap. A evidência numérica favorece o estimador intervalar HC4. O Capítulo 2 desenvolve uma seqüência corrigida por viés de estimadores de matrizes de covariâncias sob heteroscedasticidade de forma desconhecida a partir de estimador proposto por Qian eWang (2001). Nós mostramos que o estimador de Qian-Wang pode ser generalizado em uma classe mais ampla de estimadores consistentes para matrizes de covariâncias e que nossos resultados podem ser facilmente estendidos a esta classe de estimadores. Finalmente, no Capítulo 3 nós usamos métodos de integração numérica para calcular as distribuições nulas exatas de diferentes estatísticas de testes quasi-t, sob a suposição de que os erros são normalmente distribuídos. Os resultados favorecem o teste HC4
Hall, Benjamin. "NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF DERIVATIVES WITH APPLICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/114.
Повний текст джерелаBarbié, Laureline. "Raffinement de maillage multi-grille local en vue de la simulation 3D du combustible nucléaire des Réacteurs à Eau sous Pression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4742.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to improve the performances, in terms of memory space and computational time, of the current modelling of the Pellet-Cladding mechanical Interaction (PCI),complex phenomenon which may occurs during high power rises in pressurised water reactors. Among the mesh refinement methods - methods dedicated to efficiently treat local singularities - a local multi-grid approach was selected because it enables the use of a black-box solver while dealing few degrees of freedom at each level. The Local Defect Correction (LDC) method, well suited to a finite element discretisation, was first analysed and checked in linear elasticity, on configurations resulting from the PCI, since its use in solid mechanics is little widespread. Various strategies concerning the implementation of the multilevel algorithm were also compared. Coupling the LDC method with the Zienkiewicz-Zhu a posteriori error estimator in orderto automatically detect the zones to be refined, was then tested. Performances obtained on two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are very satisfactory, since the algorithm proposed is more efficient than h-adaptive refinement methods. Lastly, the LDC algorithm was extended to nonlinear mechanics. Space/time refinement as well as transmission of the initial conditions during the remeshing step were looked at. The first results obtained are encouraging and show the interest of using the LDC method for PCI modelling
Allodji, Setcheou Rodrigue. "Prise en compte des erreurs de mesure dans l’analyse du risque associe a l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants dans une cohorte professionnelle : application à la cohorte française des mineurs d'uranium." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T092/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn epidemiological studies, measurement errors in exposure can substantially bias the estimation of the risk associated to exposure. A broad variety of methods for measurement error correction has been developed, but they have been rarely applied in practice, probably because their ability to correct measurement error effects and their implementation are poorly understood. Another important reason is that many of the proposed correction methods require to know measurement errors characteristics (size, nature, structure and distribution).The aim of this thesis is to take into account measurement error in the analysis of risk of lung cancer death associated to radon exposure based on the French cohort of uranium miners. The mains stages were (1) to assess the characteristics (size, nature, structure and distribution) of measurement error in the French uranium miners cohort, (2) to investigate the impact of measurement error in radon exposure on the estimated excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer death associated to radon exposure, and (3) to compare the performance of methods for correction of these measurement error effects.The French cohort of uranium miners includes more than 5000 miners chronically exposed to radon with a follow-up duration of 30 years. Measurement errors have been characterized taking into account the evolution of uranium extraction methods and of radiation protection measures over time. A simulation study based on the French cohort of uranium miners has been carried out to investigate the effects of these measurement errors on the estimated ERR and to assess the performance of different methods for correcting these effects.Measurement error associated to radon exposure decreased over time, from more than 45% in the early 70’s to about 10% in the late 80’s. Its nature also changed over time from mostly Berkson to classical type from 1983. Simulation results showed that measurement error leads to an attenuation of the ERR towards the null, with substantial bias on ERR estimates in the order of 60%. All three error-correction methods allowed a noticeable but partial reduction of the attenuation bias. An advantage was observed for the simulation-extrapolation method (SIMEX) in our context, but the performance of the three correction methods highly depended on the accurate determination of the characteristics of measurement error.This work illustrates the importance of measurement error correction in order to obtain reliable estimates of the exposure-risk relationship between radon and lung cancer. Corrected risk estimates should prove of great interest in the elaboration of protection policies against radon in radioprotection and in public health
de, Luque Söllheim Ángel Luis. "Two satellite-based rainfall algorithms, calibration methods and post-processing corrections applied to Mediterranean flood cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9434.
Повний текст джерелаThis Thesis work explores the precision of two methods to estimate rainfall called Auto-Estimator and CRR (Convective Rainfall Rate). They are obtained by using infrared and visible images from Meteosat. Both Algorithms within a set of correction factors are applied and verified in two severe flood cases that took place in Mediterranean regions. The first case has occurred in Albania from 21 to 23 September 2002 and the second, known as the Montserrat case, has occurred in Catalonia the night from the 9 to 10 of June 2000. On the other hand it is explored new methods to perform calibrations to both satellite algorithms using direct rain rates from rain gauges. These kinds of adjustments are usually done using rain rates from meteorological radars. In addition it is proposed changes on some correction factors that seem to improve the results on estimations and it is defined an efficient correction factor that employ electrical discharges to detect the most convective and rainy areas in cloud systems.
Ramos, Ramos Víctor Manuel. "Transmission robuste et fiable du multimédia sur Internet." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00311798.
Повний текст джерелаBarros, Fabiana Uchôa. "Refinamentos assintóticos em modelos lineares generalizados heteroscedáticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-12052017-103436/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we have developed asymptotic refinements in heteroskedastic generalized linear models (Smyth, 1989). Initially, we obtain the second-order covariance matrix for the maximum likelihood estimators corrected by the bias of first-order. Based on the obtained matrix, we suggest changes in Wald statistics. In addition, we derive the coeficients of the Bartlett-type correction factor for the statistical gradient test. After, we get asymptotic skewness of the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters. Finally, we show the asymptotic kurtosis coeficient of the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters. Monte Carlo simulation studies are developed to evaluate the results obtained.
Moutinho, Victor Manuel Ferreira. "Essays on the determinants of energy related CO2 emissions." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15156.
Повний текст джерелаOverall, amongst the most mentioned factors for Greenhouse Gases (GHG) growth are the economic growth and the energy demand growth. To assess the determinants GHG emissions, this thesis proposed and developed a new analysis which links the emissions intensity to its main driving factors. In the first essay, we used the 'complete decomposition' technique to examine CO2 emissions intensity and its components, considering 36 economic sectors and the 1996-2009 periods in Portugal. The industry (in particular 5 industrial sectors) is contributing largely to the effects of variation of CO2 emissions intensity. We concluded, among others, the emissions intensity reacts more significantly to shocks in the weight of fossil fuels in total energy consumption compared to shocks in other variables. In the second essay, we conducted an analysis for 16 industrial sectors (Group A) and for the group of the 5 most polluting manufacturing sectors (Group B) based on the convergence examination for emissions intensity and its main drivers, as well as on an econometric analysis. We concluded that there is sigma convergence for all the effects with exception to the fossil fuel intensity, while gamma convergence was verified for all the effects, with exception of CO2 emissions by fossil fuel and fossil fuel intensity in Group B. From the econometric approach we concluded that the considered variables have a significant importance in explaining CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions intensity. In the third essay, the Tourism Industry in Portugal over 1996-2009 period was examined, specifically two groups of subsectors that affect the impacts on CO2 emissions intensity. The generalized variance decomposition and the impulse response functions pointed to sectors that affect tourism more directly, i. e. a bidirectional causality between the intensity of emissions and energy intensity. The effect of intensity of emissions is positive on energy intensity, and the effect of energy intensity on emissions intensity is negative. The percentage of fossil fuels used reacts positively to the economic structure and to carbon intensity, i. e., the more the economic importance of the sector, the more it uses fossil fuels, and when it raises its carbon intensity, in the future the use of fossil fuel may rise. On the other hand, positive shocks on energy intensity tend to reduce the percentage of fossil fuels used. In fourth essay, we conducted an analysis to identify the effects that contribute to the intensity of GHG emissions (EI) in agriculture as well as their development. With that aim, we used the 'complete decomposition' technique in the 1995-2008 periods, for a set of European countries. It is shown that the use of Nitrogen per cultivated area is an important factor of emissions and in those countries where labour productivity increases (the inverse of average labour productivity in agriculture decreases), emissions intensity tends to decrease. These results imply that the way to reduce emissions in agriculture would be to provide better training of agricultural workers to increase their productivity, which would lead to a less need for energy and use of Nitrogen. The purpose of the last essay is to examine the long and short-run causality of the share of renewable sources on the environmental relation CO2 per KWh electricity generation- real GDP for 20 European countries over the 2001-2010 periods. It is important to analyze how the percentage of renewable energy used for electricity production affects the relationship between economic growth and emissions from this sector. The study of these relationships is important from the point of view of environmental and energy policy as it gives us information on the costs in terms of economic growth, on the application of restrictive levels of emissions and also on the effects of the policies concerning the use of renewable energy in the electricity sector (see for instance European Commission Directive 2001/77/EC, [4]). For that purpose, in this study we use Cointegration Analysis on the set of cross-country panel data between CO2 emissions from electricity generation (CO2 kWh), economic growth (GDP) and the share of renewable energy for 20 European countries. We estimated the long–run equilibrium to validate the EKC with a new approach specification. Additionally, we have implemented the Innovative Accounting Approach (IAA) that includes Forecast Error Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response Functions (IRFs), applied to those variables. This can allow us, for example, to know (i) how CO2 kWh responds to an impulse in GDP and (ii) how CO2 kWh responds to an impulse in the share of renewable sources. The contributions of this thesis to the energy-related CO2 emissions at sectorial level are threefold: First, it provides a new econometric decomposition approach for analysing and developing CO2 emissions in collaboration with science societies that can serve as a starting point for future research approaches. Second, it presents a hybrid energy-economy mathematic and econometric model which relates CO2 emissions in Portugal based on economic theory. Third, it contributes to explain the change of CO2 emissions in important economic sectors in Europe, in particular in Portugal, taking normative considerations into account more openly and explicitly, with political implications at energy-environment level within the European commitment.
De uma forma geral, entre os fatores mais apontados para o crescimento das emissões de Gases de Efeito de Estufa (GEE), estão o crescimento económico e o crescimento das necessidades energéticas. Para identificar os determinantes das emissões de GEE, esta dissertação propôs e desenvolveu uma nova análise que liga a intensidade das emissões aos seus principais responsáveis. No primeiro ensaio, foi utilizada a técnica da ‘decomposição total’ para examinar a intensidade das emissões de CO2 e os seus componentes, considerando 36 setores económicos e o período entre 1996-2009 em Portugal. A indústria (em particular cinco setores industriais) contribui fortemente para os efeitos da variação da intensidade de CO2. Conclui-se, entre outros, que a intensidade das emissões reage mais significativamente a choques no peso dos combustíveis fósseis no consumo total da energia, comparativamente a choques em outras variáveis. No segundo ensaio, conduziu-se uma análise para 16 sectores industriais (Grupo A) e para o grupo dos cinco setores industriais mais poluentes (Grupo B), baseada no estudo da convergência para a intensidade das emissões e para os seus principais determinantes, bem como numa análise econométrica. Concluiu-se que existe convergência sigma para todos os efeitos, à exceção da intensidade dos combustíveis fósseis, enquanto a convergência gama se verificou para todos os efeitos com a exceção das emissões de CO2 por combustível fóssil e intensidade de combustível fóssil, no Grupo B. A partir da abordagem econométrica, concluiu-se que as variáveis consideradas têm uma importância significativa na explicação da intensidade das emissões de CO2. No terceiro ensaio foi analisada a indústria do turismo em Portugal durante o período de 1996-2009, em particular para dois grupos de subsetores que afetam a intensidade das emissões de CO2. A decomposição generalizada de variância e as funções de impulso-resposta apontaram uma causalidade bidirecional entre intensidade de emissões e intensidade de energia para setores que afetam o turismo mais diretamente. O efeito da intensidade de emissões é positivo na intensidade da energia e o efeito da intensidade da energia na intensidade das emissões é negativo. A percentagem de combustíveis fósseis utilizados reage positivamente à estrutura económica e à intensidade do carbono, isto é, quando um setor ganha importância económica, tende a usar mais combustível fóssil e quando aumenta a intensidade do carbono, no futuro, o uso de combustíveis fósseis pode aumentar. Por outro lado, choques positivos na intensidade de energia tendem a reduzir a percentagem de combustíveis fósseis utilizados. O objectivo do quarto ensaio é identificar os efeitos que contribuem para a intensidade dos gases de estufa na agricultura, bem como a sua evolução, Para isso, utilizou-se a técnica de ‘decomposição total’ no período 1995-2008 para um grupo de países europeus. Ficou demonstrado que o uso de nitrogénio por área cultivada é um fator importante nas emissões e naqueles países cuja produtividade do trabalho aumenta, a intensidade das emissões tende a aumentar. O resultado implica que o caminho para reduzir as emissões na agricultura pode passar por uma melhor formação dos trabalhadores ligados à agricultura para melhorar a sua produtividade, o que pode conduzir a uma menor necessidade e uso de nitrogénio. O objectivo do último ensaio é examinar a causalidade de longo e curto prazo da quota de fontes renováveis na relação ambiental entre o desenvolvimento económico (PIB) e as emissões de CO2 por KWh de eletricidade produzida num conjunto de 20 países Europeus no período de 2001-2010. Esta nova abordagem sugere que a quota de fontes renováveis na produção de eletricidade é um determinante importante para explicar as diferenças na relação Rendimento-emissões de CO2 por Kwh nos países Europeus e que as evidências empíricas suportam a relação ambiental da curva de Kuznets. As contribuições desta dissertação para os assuntos relacionados com as emissões de CO2 a um nível setorial são as seguintes: primeiro, oferece uma nova abordagem econométrica da decomposição para analisar a evolução das emissões de CO2 que pode servir como um ponto de partida para futuras investigações. Segundo, apresenta uma abordagem híbrida, juntando a matemática e a economia de energia e um modelo econométrico para relacionar as emissões de CO2 na Europa e, em particular, em Portugal com base em teorias económicas. Terceiro, contribui para explicar as mudanças nas emissões de CO2 em setores económicos importantes para Portugal, conjugando considerações normativas aberta e explicitamente, com implicações políticas no comprometimento europeu, ao nível energético-ambiental.
Barbié, Lauréline. "Raffinement de maillage multi-grille local en vue de la simulation 3D du combustible nucléaire des Réacteurs à Eau sous Pression." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926550.
Повний текст джерелаVestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
Повний текст джерела"High order corrected estimator of time-average variance constant." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291717.
Повний текст джерелаThesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-49).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 08, November, 2016).
Kuo, Jiun You, and 郭俊佑. "Applying direct solar irradiance to estimate atmospheric correction parameters of remote sensing data." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88014413819065004134.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
太空科學研究所
81
The atmospheric radiation correction plays an important role in the preprocessing of remote sensing images. After a long period of researching and developing, there are some well- developed packages, such as LOWTRAN 7 and 5S, which are good in calculating the atmospheric transmittance. In general, some packages require the input parameters, like visibility, asymme- try factor, phase function, ozone content...etc., but they can' t be acquired quantitatively by users. For this reason, the precision of the computed atmospheric transmittance is often poor. The purpose of this research is to estimate the visibility quantitatively. Aerosol extinction, Rayleigh extinction and gases absorption cause the main variation of the atmospheric transmittance. But only the aerosol extinction is related to the variation of visibility. In order to estimate the visibility, those effects that are indifferent of the variation of visibility must be eliminated from the calculation of atmospheric transmittance. By using some wide-band models to do so, the visibility can be estimated from the aerosol extinction. Thereafter, accompanied with the observed visibility, one can compare it with the theoretical results to diagnose the characteristics of individual models. The precision of using visibility to describe the detail of aerosol is limitted. Nevertheless, as the input parameter for the packages mentioned above, the estimated visibility in this study is reliable and acceptable.
Lin, Chang-yu, and 林常宇. "Maximum Norm A Posteriori Error Estimate for the Quantum-Corrected Energy Transport Model Part I: Theory." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08658155064016193121.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄大學
應用數學系碩士班
97
The quantum-corrected energy transport (QCET) model consisting of seven self-adjoint nonlinear PDEs describes the steady state of electron and hole flows, their energy transport, and classical and quantum potentials within a nano-scale semiconductor device. We develop a second-order maximum norm a posteriori error estimate proposed by Kopteva [11] for the QCET which after scaling involves the scaled Debye length, intrinsic carrier density, Planck constant, and thermal conductivity as the singular perturbation parameters. This estimate can be used as an error indicator for the refinement process in an adaptive algorithm.
Jheng, Jian-Jhih, and 鄭健志. "Maximum Norm A Posteriori Error Estimate for the Quantum-Corrected Energy Transport Model Part II: Simulation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92290674878894808501.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄大學
應用數學系碩士班
98
The quantum-corrected energy transport (QCET) model consisting of seven self-adjoint nonlinear PDEs describes the steady state of electron and hole flows, their energy transport, and classical and quantum potentials within a nano-scale semiconductor device. We develop a second-order maximum norm a posteriori error estimate proposed by Kopteva [11] for the QCET which after scaling involves the scaled Debye length, intrinsic carrier density, Planck constant, and thermal conductivity as the singular perturbation parameters. This estimate can be used as an error indicator for the refinement process in an adaptive algorithm. We present explicit formulas for computing the error indicators which are indispensable for the adaptive computations of the semiconductor device simulation for advanced nano-devices. Our numerical experiments on the a posteriori error estimation for the 1D diode model problem have shown good results of the proposed error indicators for all seven PDEs of the QCET model.
"Error Detection and Error Correction for PMU Data as Applied to Power System State Estimators." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.20951.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
M.S. Electrical Engineering 2013
Kitchen, John. "The effect of quadrature hybrid errors on a phase difference frequency estimator and methods for correction." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122344.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MAppSc) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, 1991
Tsai, Hsin-Tse, and 蔡炘澤. "Maximum Norm A Posteriori Error Estimate for the Quantum-Corrected Energy Transport Model Part III: 1D and 2D Simulations." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63577846834705598340.
Повний текст джерела國立新竹教育大學
應用數學系碩士班
99
The quantum-corrected energy transport (QCET) model consisting of seven self-adjoint nonlinear PDEs describes the steady state of electron and hole flows, their energy transport, and classical and quantum potentials within a nano-scale semiconductor device. We develop a second-order maximum norm a posteriori error estimate proposed by Kopteva [14] for the QCET which after scaling involves the scaled Debye length, intrinsic carrier density, Planck constant, and thermal conductivity as the singular perturbation parameters. This estimate can be used as an error indicator for the refinement process in an adaptive algorithm. We present explicit formulas for computing the error indicators which are indispensable for the adaptive computations of the semiconductor device simulation for advanced nano-devices. Our numerical experiments on the a posteriori error estimation for the 1D QCET model problem have shown good results of the proposed error indicators for all seven PDEs of the QCET model. With the 1D QCET Model's numerical results, we take the seven PDEs to make adaptive finite element mesh in the 2D QCET model. For the 2D QCET problem, it is shown that the total number of nodes of the final adaptive mesh using the new estimation method has been decreased to 11% from that of the old method under the same stopping criteria of the adptive algorithm.
Lou, Wen-Lin, and 樓文琳. "Using Finite Elemente Method to Correct Topography Effect of Sub-bottom Thermal gradient and Estimate the Base of Gas Hydrate Stability Zone." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59552086323672805870.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
97
By the effect of rough topography, heat flow will tend to be preferentially convergent towards valleys or low areas, and divergent from ridges or peaks on the sea floor. Hence, the measured result of the seafloor gradient cannot correctly estimate the real thermal gradient of the sub-bottom. In order to calculate the variation in temperature more efficiently, we use ANSYS software using the finite element method to correct such effects and compute the Base of Gas Hydrate Stability Zone; BGHS. During the preliminary test, we found that the temperature of the sub-bottom deviated for more than one hundred meters due to topography effects in the offshore of southwestern Taiwan. This means that it is necessary to correct for the topography effects. To achieve this, we try to remove the topographic effects on the temperature gradients from cruise No. 786 of the R/V Ocean Researcher I. When applying ANSYS to calculate the temperature gradients, we adopted the data collected from one site as the boundary condition, and corrected the errors that resulted from the topography effect in this area. The calculated seafloor thermal gradient of the other site, situated on a similar sediment deposited depression, is close to the measured value; but, on the third site, the result is significantly different from the measured value. We believe the difference is due to the third site being located on the ridge, thus causing heat to be refracted away from depressions deposited with thick sediments. This example emphasizes that not only the topographic effects, but also the sedimentation is important to the temperature gradient calculation, and therefore the estimate of BGHS. For the application, we use ANSYS to correct the topographic effects on sites KP-4, KP-5-1, and KP-5-2 which are drilling sites for gas-hydrate investigation proposed by the Central Geological Survey. After the correction we obtained, the BGHSt (corrected BGHS) for the three sites are 311, 298, and 350 mbsf, respectively. The results are useful information for borehole drilling reference. The model proposed in this study is limited by the lack of sedimentary data and excludes the basement relief effect. Actually, the sub-bottom thermal gradient variation is affected by the topography, the thickness of the sediments, the basement relief, and the structure of the rock. It will be better if we can get more information about the structures, the thickness of the sediments, and thermal conductivities for each layer.
Alfonse, Lauren Elizabeth. "Effects of template mass, complexity, and analysis method on the ability to correctly determine the number of contributors to DNA mixtures." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16179.
Повний текст джерелаBaptista, Sara Reis Gomes. "Evaluation of the efficiency of innovation: evidence for European Union regions (NUT-II)." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24520.
Повний текст джерелаNuma altura em que a Inovação é vista como um dos motores principais para o crescimento económico regional, este trabalho visa avaliar a eficiência da inovação de 104 regiões (NUT-II) da União Europeia de 2006 a 2012. Desta forma, o estudo cria um ranking das regiões mais eficientes baseado em indicadores de inovação e procura perceber quais os fatores que estão na origem desses resultados do ranking. Por outro lado, também a crise financeira global de 2008 veio abalar todas as perspetivas de crescimento sustentado para a Europa pelo que o impacto da mesma na Inovação e eficiência das regiões é tido em conta. Para isso foi utilizada a metodologia DEA, numa primeira fase para determinar os níveis de eficiência encontrados e scoring das regiões, e numa segunda abordagem a utilização das metodologias PCSE e GMM, para analisar os fatores que influenciam a eficiência da inovação medida pelo indicador proposto. Os resultados obtidos revelam grandes disparidades entre regiões, nomeadamente devido à crise, sendo que as regiões mais eficientes pertencem à Roménia, Bélgica e Bulgária. Os resultados apontam ainda para os recursos humanos como sendo o fator mais significativo para a evolução positiva da eficiência de Inovação.
Mestrado em Economia
Liu, Jia-Wei, and 劉家瑋. "The Retention Time Alignment for Nontargeted LC/MS Analysis Using Kernel Density Estimation with a Novel Bandwidth Estimator and Phase Correction of Metabolomic 1D 1H-NMR Spectra." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81822997660854800593.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
103
This dissertation presents two developed algorithms for solving computational problems of detecting small molecules in the field of metabolomics analysis. In the first part of this dissertation, we present the tool – LAKE, which is a tool for detected peak alignment to align retention time for chromatographic methods coupled to spectrophotometers such as high performance liquid chromatography for metabolomics works. The existed tools for retention time correction still can’t properly aligning retention times of detected peaks from multiple batches and some detected peaks are left misalignment. LAKE resolves peak shifts from high data similarity to low data similarity. In each turn, detected peaks would be clustered in mass-over-charged (m/z) dimension and then retention time (RT) dimension. For each m/z-RT cluster, bandwidth used in RT density estimation with kernel density estimation (KDE) is estimated with bandwidth selector. At the end of each turn of retention time shift resolution, the m/z and RT of detected peaks would be updated with average m/z and average RT of the m/z-RT group before next turn of detected peak alignment. LAKE can be applied to aligning retention time from mixed exogenic compounds samples, multiple exogenic compounds added in biofluid samples and complicate endogenous compounds contained metabolomics samples in multiple batches. In the second part of this dissertation, we present the tool – PHASION, which is a tool for automatic phase correction on multiple 1D proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra for metabolomics works. The phase error is an unavoidable error happened when FID signal is recorded, after Fourier transformed into spectrum mixed with phase error. The phase correction is to find zeroth-order and first-order phase error to make misphased spectrum into phase-corrected spectrum before any further data processing. Current 1D 1H-NMR phase correction methods usually require manual parameter and filter tuning by experienced users to obtain desirable results from complex metabolomics spectra – thus becoming prone to correction variation and biased quantification. We present a novel alternative method, PHASION, for automatically estimating the phase angles of 1D 1H-NMR metabolomics data. PHASION finds optimal phase angles by calculating proposed objective score for relative stable segments of spectrum and calculates the score for baseline of spectrum phased with phase angles (PH0, PH1) and approach to the optimal phase angles for the spectrum with Nelder-Mead Simplex Optimizer.
Dongmo, Jiongo Valéry. "Inférence robuste à la présence des valeurs aberrantes dans les enquêtes." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13720.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the treatment of representative outliers in two important aspects of surveys: small area estimation and imputation for item non-response. Concerning small area estimation, robust estimators in unit-level models have been studied. Sinha & Rao (2009) proposed estimation procedures designed for small area means, based on robustified maximum likelihood parameters estimates of linear mixed model and robust empirical best linear unbiased predictors of the random effect of the underlying model. Their robust methods for estimating area means are of the plug-in type, and in view of the results of Chambers (1986), the resulting robust estimators may be biased in some situations. Biascorrected estimators have been proposed by Chambers et al. (2014). In addition, these robust small area estimators were associated with the estimation of the Mean Square Error (MSE). Sinha & Rao (2009) proposed a parametric bootstrap procedure based on the robust estimates of the parameters of the underlying linear mixed model to estimate the MSE. Analytical procedures for the estimation of the MSE have been proposed in Chambers et al. (2014). However, their theoretical validity has not been formally established and their empirical performances are not fully satisfactorily. Here, we investigate two new approaches for the robust version the best empirical unbiased estimator: the first one relies on the work of Chambers (1986), while the second proposal uses the concept of conditional bias as an influence measure to assess the impact of units in the population. These two classes of robust small area estimators also include a correction term for the bias. However, they are both fully bias-corrected, in the sense that the correction term takes into account the potential impact of the other domains on the small area of interest unlike the one of Chambers et al. (2014) which focuses only on the domain of interest. Under certain conditions, non-negligible bias is expected for the Sinha-Rao method, while the proposed methods exhibit significant bias reduction, controlled by appropriate choices of the influence function and tuning constants. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted, and comparisons are made between: the new robust estimators, the Sinha-Rao estimator, and the bias-corrected estimator. Empirical results suggest that the Sinha-Rao method and the bias-adjusted estimator of Chambers et al (2014) may exhibit a large bias, while the new procedures offer often better performances in terms of bias and mean squared error. In addition, we propose a new bootstrap procedure for MSE estimation of robust small area predictors. Unlike existing approaches, we formally prove the asymptotic validity of the proposed bootstrap method. Moreover, the proposed method is semi-parametric, i.e., it does not rely on specific distributional assumptions about the errors and random effects of the unit-level model underlying the small-area estimation, thus it is particularly attractive and more widely applicable. We assess the finite sample performance of our bootstrap estimator through Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that our procedure performs satisfactorily well and outperforms existing ones. Application of the proposed method is illustrated by analyzing a well-known outlier-contaminated small county crops area data from North-Central Iowa farms and Landsat satellite images. Concerning imputation in the presence of item non-response, some single imputation methods have been studied. The deterministic regression imputation, which includes the ratio imputation and mean imputation are often used in surveys. These imputation methods may lead to biased imputed estimators if the imputation model or the non-response model is not properly specified. Recently, doubly robust imputed estimators have been developed. However, in the presence of outliers, the doubly robust imputed estimators can be very unstable. Using the concept of conditional bias as a measure of influence (Beaumont, Haziza and Ruiz-Gazen, 2013), we propose an outlier robust version of the doubly robust imputed estimator. Thus this estimator is denoted as a triple robust imputed estimator. The results of simulation studies show that the proposed estimator performs satisfactorily well for an appropriate choice of the tuning constant.
Mahembe, Edmore. "Development aid and its impact on poverty reduction in developing countries : a dynamic panel data approach." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26490.
Повний текст джерелаEconomics
D. Phil. (Economics)