Дисертації: "Corporate sector of economy"

1

Ward, Nora Catherine. "Nature's Patrons: Private Sector Engagement and Powerful Environmentalisms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157630/.

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In this dissertation, I examine the role of private sector engagement in environmental governance. The relationship between mainstream environmentalism and the private sector has moved from one of general hostility to one of constructive engagement in recent times. As a result, the traditional distinctions between environmental non-governmental organizations and private corporations have become blurred, making way for public-private hybrids, facilitated by frameworks of philanthropy, sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility. Connected to these broader reconfigurations in environmental governance are simultaneous alterations in the normative framework of mainstream environmentalism. Ideologically, environmental policy and neoliberalism are now intertwined, entangling assumptions about nature and culture, and reflected in the popularization of environmental protection mechanisms that are deeply embedded in the values of the market economy. Analyzing particular examples of such engagements, and informed by Gramscian theory, I analyze the connections between rising corporate presence in mainstream environmentalism and broader normative and practical change, focusing, in particular, on the frameworks of ecomodernism and the Green Economy. I argue that contemporary private sector engagement in environmentalism leads to the support, production and construction of powerful environmentalisms: environmental ideologies and practices that gain power from, not in spite of, prevailing dominant interests. As such, these powerful environmentalisms tend to produce and reproduce elite processes of capitalist production and prioritize instrumental norms of human-nature relations, while marginalizing others. I conclude by outlining suggestions in support of a democratic environmental politics that represents and recognizes a more diverse array of actors, human-nature relationships, and frameworks of environmental care.

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2

Moncada, Paternò Castello Pietro. "Evolution of EU corporate R&D in the global economy: intensity gap, sectors' dynamics, specialisation and growth." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258776.

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The Thesis is composed by three complementary research investigations on the economic and policy aspects of EU corporate R&D.Collectively, the work first reviews the theoretical and empirical literature of corporate R&D intensity decomposition; it then investigates the EU R&D intensity and its decomposition elements comparatively with most closed competitors and with emerging economies over the period 2005-2013. Finally, it inspects further some key aspects that can be associated to the EU R&D intensity gap: sectoral dynamics and the resulting sectoral and technological specialisations as well as the drivers for R&D investment growth across sectors and firms' age groups of top R&D investing firms over time. These studies also address the possible policy implications that derive from their outcomes.The investigations rely on literature as well as on company data, mainly from nine editions (2006-2014) of the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard. For analytical purposes they use literature review, meta-analysis, descriptive statistics, R&D intensity decomposition computational approach, Manhattan distance and Technological Revealed Comparative Advantage metrics, and a multinominal logit regression model. The results of these three research works are novel in several aspects. It indicates that literature results on R&D intensity decomposition differ because of data and methodological heterogeneities, and that the structural cause is the main determinant of EU R&D intensity gap if sector compositions of the countries are considered. It inspects how the use of different data sources and analytical methods impact differently on R&D intensity decomposition results, and what the analytical and policy implications are.The empirical research results of this Thesis confirm the structural nature of the EU R&D intensity gap. In the last decade the gap between the EU and the USA has widened, whereas the EU gap with Japan has remained relatively stable. In contrast, the emerging countries' R&D intensity gap compared to the EU has remained relatively stable, while companies from emerging economies are considerably reducing such gap. Besides, as novel contribution to the state of the art of the literature, this Thesis uncovers the differences between EU and US by inspecting which sectors, countries and firms are more accountable for the aggregate R&D intensity performance of these two economies, and it finds a high heterogeneity of firms' R&D intensity within sectors. Furthermore, it shows that there is a bigger population of both larger and smaller US top R&D firms which invest more strongly in R&D than competitors, and that the global R&D investment is concentrated in a few firms, countries and industries. Finally, the research founds a slightly higher EU R&D shift over sectors compared to the US, but not strongly enough towards high-tech sectors. Also, the EU has an even broader technological specialisation than its already broad industrial R&D sector specialisation, while the USA leads by number of technological fields belonging mostly to the industrial R&D sectors of its specialisation. Furthermore, the EU has been better able than the USA and Japan to maintain its world share of R&D investment even during the years of economic and financial crisis. Lastly, the study also indicates that firms make a complementary use of capital expenditures and R&D intensity for their R&D investment growth strategies and it reveals that there are differences in their use between firms' age classes across sectors. Overall, the main results of the Thesis suggest that to reach a more positive R&D dynamics and boost its competitiveness, the EU should adapt its industrial structure and increase the weight of high R&D intensive sectors. A focus on creating the conditions for firm creation and growth in new-emerging innovative sectors is advised together with favouring the exploitation of the full capacity of EU leading - but mature - sectors to also absorb high-technology from other sectors.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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3

Al, Rifai Aroub A. Y. "Stakeholders and corporate philanthropy of non-economic nature in a developing country of intense Islamic beliefs, values and norms : an institutional framework." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7647.

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The widespread use of Corporate Philanthropy (CP) in the US and the UK has resulted in a significant body of literature on the phenomena and its use. However, the literature generated around CP is criticised for being of an economic nature and for being biased toward the context of developed Western countries. This thesis suggests that the context of developing countries is important in relation to the non-economic nature of CP, due to the existence of intense religious beliefs and values. However, there has been little attempt to explicitly examine how the institutional pressures within this context shape the CP of a non-economic and more precisely of an altruistic nature, and how firms act in response to these influences. This thesis leverages institutional theory by proposing that stakeholders – including communities, competitors, NGOs and politicians – may impose coercive and mimetic pressures encouraging isomorphic field-level CP of a non-economic nature in a context of intense Islamic beliefs, values and norms. However, the way in which firms perceive and act upon these pressures may differ depending on specific factors related to the firm itself, including the identity of the firm, the competitive position of the firm, and shareholder pressures. These differences between firms result in the adoption of different CP strategies as decided by each firm, expressing its appropriate responses to field pressures. This study uses a qualitative methodology using data collected from 27 of the key personnel responsible for CP decisions (shareholders and managers) in the Kuwaiti banking sector. Questions were developed to assess the relationships between institutional pressures at the field and organisational levels of analysis. Data was collected through multiple sources such as in-depth interviews, documentation, and archival records. The contributions of the thesis are in relation to: a) the institutional theory; b) gaining more understanding of CP in developing countries; C) offering a robust understanding of altruistic CP influenced by an Islamic context; and d) practical implementations of CP in Islamic banks.

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4

Brink, Beatrix. "Work-family interaction strain : coping strategies used by successful women in the public, corporate and self employed sectors of the economy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9060.

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Bibliography: leaves 123-137.
The main objective of this study was to identify the coping strategies used by successful women in dealing with work-family interaction strain. The study also investigated cognitive appraisal as a key antecedent of coping with a hypothetical description of a work-family interaction strain situation. A survey was conducted with a sample comprising 110 women in the public, corporate and self-employed sectors of the economy. All the participants were married with at least one child of pre school or school going age. The women worked in positions from middle- management and higher in corporate and public sector organizations or were business owners with at least four employees. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained by means of a self-report questionnaire. Interaction strain was measured using the Home and Employment Role scale (HER scale), developed by Parry and Wart (1980). Cognitive appraisal and coping was measured from within the framework of the transactional approach, which deﬁnes coping in terms of the person-environment relationship and emphasises the dynamic and interactive nature of the stressful transaction. Cognitive appraisal was measured using the items devised by Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis and Gwen (1986) and coping was measured using, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1988). Qualitative data was obtained via a request to the respondents asking them to describe what it was like to have work and family responsibilities. The main ﬁnding of the study showed that the participants in this project used both emotional and problem-focused coping strategies in dealing with the hypothetical work-family interaction strain situation. These strategies were positive reappraisal; planful problem solving; self-controlling; and seeking social support. Not one of these coping strategies, however, was signiﬁcantly favoured above the others. The study did not find evidence of a relationship between the participants' cognitive appraisal of the hypothetical situation and their choice of coping strategy in dealing with this situation, except with regards to cognitive appraisal, control and the coping strategy, escape-avoidance; the higher the participant scored on cognitive appraisal, control, the less likely they were to choose escape-avoidance as a coping strategy in dealing with the situation. Overall, the results of the study showed that this sample of successful business women chose emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies in an integrated manner to deal with a hypothetical work-family situation.

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5

Selvanathan, Tharshanan. "The appliance of the concept of sustainability in human resource management in the corporate sector in Germany." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663910.

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Decline of resources, increasing expectation of stakeholders and radical transparency imposed by new technologies urges multinational enterprises to define sustainability as an important driver, which affects Strategic and Human Resource Management. An organization’s corporate social performance becomes increasingly important in attracting highly educated applicants with a high level of job choice, often a source of competitive advantage in the human resource area. This research investigates the usage of the concept of sustainability in Human Resource Man- agement in Germany. Hypotheses were derived, an empirical content analysis was executed and 8745 job advertisements analyzed on sustainable patterns. Annual reports and sustainability reports of organizations were evaluated on defining sustainability related targets in their compensation management. Personal interviews with Human Resource Managers of global market leaders were executed regarding the influence of sustainability in Human Resource Management. Although the Executives of companies state that sustainability plays a major role in Human Resource Management there is a gap in implementation. Sustainability concepts were found in less than one third of all job advertisements. A minority of the investigated companies formulates sustainability related targets in their compensation management. The interviews of the HR Managers confirm the high relevance of sustainability of Human Resource Management but points out the reason for the lack of implementation as a deficit of specified training and development. In order to attract highly qualified employees there is a need pointing out ecological, social and sustainable efforts by the company. By doing so the gap between Human Resource Management and Sustainability could be bridged and the term of Sustainable Human Resource Management practically applied.
La disminución de los recursos, una mayor expectación de las partes interesadas y una transparencia radical impuesta por las nuevas tecnologías instan a las empresas multinacionales a definir la sostenibilidad como un factor importante, el cual afecta la gestión estratégica y de los recursos humanos. El rendimiento socio- empresarial de una organización es cada vez más importante para atraer candidatos con una excelente formación y un alto nivel de elección de empleo, lo cual suele ser una ventaja competitiva en los recursos humanos. Este estudio investiga el uso del concepto de la sostenibilidad en la gestión de los recursos humanos en Alemania. Se han derivado un número de hipótesis, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido empírico y se han analizado 8 745 ofertas de empleo. Se han evaluado los informes anuales y de sostenibilidad para definir objetivos relacionados con la sostenibilidad en la gestión de la remuneración. Se han realizado entrevistas con gerentes de RR. HH. de empresas líder a nivel mundial sobre la influencia de la sostenibilidad en la gestión de recursos humanos. A pesar de que los ejecutivos de varias empresas indiquen que la sostenibilidad juega un papel fundamental en la gestión de RR. HH., existe una brecha en su implementación. Se han encontrado conceptos de sostenibilidad en menos de un tercio de todas las ofertas de empleo. Una minoría de las empresas investigadas plantean objetivos relacionados con la sostenibilidad en su gestión de remuneración. Las entrevistas con los gerentes de RR. HH. confirman la gran importancia de la sostenibilidad en la gestión de recursos humanos pero señala como culpable de la falta de implementación un déficit en la formación y el desarrollo. Para poder atraer empleados altamente cualificados las empresas deben resaltar sus iniciativas ecológicas, sociales y sostenibles. Al hacer esto la brecha entre la gestión de recursos humanos y la sostenibilidad podría desaparecer y así aplicarse el término Gestión de Recursos Humanos Sostenible.

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6

Hovey, Martin, and n/a. "Corporate Governance in China: An Empirical Study of Listed Firms." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061018.143503.

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Corporate governance has gained considerable prominence in the last decade as it has become a much more widely discussed and debated issue. The debate as to which model of corporate governance China should adopt continues as China forges a new era of interaction with the global market, especially since its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. The state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector in China is a significant contributing factor in China's endeavour to continue to develop its economy, provide employment and reduce poverty. Therefore, the success of SOE reform is important to China's future economic prosperity and ability to contend with social justice issues. The commencement of the reform process began in the late 1970s and many SOEs have attained significant progress in some important areas. However, all too many SOEs experience poor overall performance. Thus, the consequence of the corporate governance model and corporate structure selected will be considerable, especially as the country's market economy gains momentum. This thesis contributes to the ongoing body of work relating to corporate governance in China, and some clear results have been found. It also reviews the institutional setting in China and elements of the corporate governance literature in detail. As the ownership of firms is considered to be one of the key elements to enhance corporate governance, the empirical study considers issues relating to changes in ownership, concentration and ownership structures. It conducts an empirical study of the ownership and performance of listed corporations in China and based on these analyses, the thesis provides policy recommendations as to which model of corporate governance may best be suited to China during this transitional phase. The findings suggest that the ownership structure is a key element to enhancing corporate governance in China. The wealth affects of changes in listed firm ownership, which for the most part had the effect of reducing state ownership, were found to be positive. Concentration ownership structures per se were not found to enhance listed firm performance. The most significant findings were the following. Firstly, that institutional ownership, through the Legal Person holding companies, have a positive bearing on listed firm performance and thus by implication, upon improving corporate governance. Secondly, medium levels of Legal Person ownership were found to be the most effective. Thirdly, foreign institutions and individual investors were found to be positively correlated to performance. Similar results were found for offshore ownership, but to a lessor extent. Conversely, state ownership was found to be negatively correlated to performance. Other issues that were identified in the empirical analysis are that size does matter, in that large firms were found not to perform as well as smaller firms. Leverage appears to matter also, as highly leveraged firms were found not to perform well. The industry in which a firm operates was also found to have an affect on performance. The policy recommendations are based on the findings and observations of this thesis. The assumption is made that the present gradualist approach and regime will continue. As state ownership is shown to have a negative bearing on listed firm performance, the recommendation is that the state, at its various levels, should divest its holdings. This could be achieved through a privatization program in which the state denationalises a large proportion of its holdings. One of the keys would then be managing the change of ownership. Based on the observations and findings of this study, it is recommended that a privatization program should be instigated that supports blockholders and institutions, and does not focus purely on dispersing large proportions of holdings to diverse small shareholders. In addition, mergers and acquisitions that embrace economic efficiency should be encouraged and supported. The empirical study demonstrates that the ultimate ownership and control of tradeable shares ought to be channelled to pension funds, private institutional investors that should be encouraged to take strong stakes in the firms, to strategic investors, especially minority blockholders, and a proportion to international investors. This strategy would be in China's best interests in its present stage of development.

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7

Krenz, Susanne, and Ruiz Patricia Cristina Torets. "How do ecological, economic and social sustainability influence on employee motivation? : A case study of a German company in the solar energy sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52249.

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This research has generated interesting findings from the inductive approach and the qualitative methods that were used in the inquiry process. Thanks to the literature review, the semi-structure interviews, a focus group and secondary data it was possible to obtain the necessary information to answer the research question: How do ecological, economic and social sustainability influence employee motivation? In order to answer this question, two sub-questions were considered first, namely What constitutes sustainability in the company-specific context of Wagner & Co Solartechnik? and Does sustainability motivate people? The answer to the latter question has to be yes, as the analysis revealed numerous linkages. From the data gathered, it is apparent that economic sustainability constitutes the most basic level of sustainability at Wagner Solar. Although the influence of money has its clear limitations, an increase in material orientation could be observed compared to previous. At the company level, ecological sustainability manifests itself as ‘striving for the energy turnaround’. The majority of employees show, as their most important source of motivation, an interest in solar technology as well as a concern for increased eco-efficiency. The information gathered has permitted an assessment of whether the company hires people that are already committed to the company’s vision and mission, or whether the company makes an effort to socialise employees. While this does not seem to be the case it is apparent that the company cultivates a communication and information policy that perpetuates its values. Wagner Solar also exhibits a strong and consistent corporate culture. In terms of social sustainability, democratic decision-making appears to exert the greater amount of influence on employee motivation, while the influence of employee ownership is comparatively diminished. The company appears to both attract and seek out employees who value the ability to work autonomously, partially explained by the German nationality but not exclusively. Positive work environment and good collaborations between colleagues were deemed another important motivational factor, both by the interviewees and the intra-company survey. However, working at Wagner Solar is not without its perceived negatives. These are mostly related to the company’s unique decision-making structures, the use of the language, and possible “island” mentality that some departments might suffer. The study also aimed to analyse the influence of different motivators on employees. When contemplating which pillars of sustainability motivate the most, the analysis of the main motivators revealed that the most important pillar is the social one, since most of the participants have one or more main motivators connected to it. Overall, the impression is that the social values of Wagner Solar are the most pervasive, affecting attitudes and behaviours such as autonomy and responsibility, and, therefore, constitute the main motivators for its employees. The ecological pillar also noticeably influences employee motivation, while the economic pillar is the least influential.
MSPME - Masters in Strategic Project Management European

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8

Kuznecovs, Mihails. "Examination of energy sector : the implications and effects of financing for innovations, corporate governance for company value, and resource abundance and corruption for investment attractiveness." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7027.

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In this dissertation, the examination of energy sector development is presented. The purpose is to understand and highlight the importance of financing access for innovation activities, along with the business transparency necessary for firm value and the impact of corruption on capital investments in energy companies. Globally, long-term energy confidence is dependent on energy security and supply. Based on our empirical estimations, we expect there to be an increasing need for understanding financing innovations in the European energy industry. We expect more support for corporate governance integrity within Russia, as Russia is the main energy supplier for the European energy sector. It is expected that corruption will be a dominant issue for countries that are rich in natural resources. The main empirical findings and concluding comments are as follows:  The EU energy sector requires substantial financial support for promoting innovations, especially among ‘younger’ energy companies and those in the newest EU countries.  We expect to see increased discussion and long-term development of corporate governance integrity (transparency and disclosure, in particular) among Russian energy firms based on the long-term investment attractiveness of sustained energy production and supplies to countries that are energy dependent.  We conclude that investment activities in natural resource exploitation are directly linked with the presence of corruption, and that tightening up on corruption should facilitate FDI (foreign direct investment) in the primary industry and enable the effective use of received natural resource gains. To summarise, in this assessment, we empirically studied the EU, Russian and global energy industries, focusing on the issue of the development of energy within three key areas: the examination of financing for innovation, corporate governance integrity and corruption within primary FDI inflows.

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9

Olsson, Mikael. "Ownership reform and corporate governance : The Slovak privatisation process in 1990-1996." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : [S. Academiae Upsaliensis], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400167769.

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10

Colgan, Fiona. "The regional impact of restructuring in the Canadian manufacturing sector 1960-1982 : the case of the Québec textile and clothing industries." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63305.

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11

Callado, Aldo Leonardo Cunha. "Modelo de mensuração de sustentabilidade empresarial : uma aplicação em vinícolas localizadas na Serra Gaúcha." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26743.

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O debate associado ao desenvolvimento sustentável inseriu novos aspectos que devem ser acompanhados e mensurados pelas organizações. Estes incluem questões que podem estar fora do controle direto da organização, que são difíceis de serem caracterizados e que muitas vezes são baseados em juízos de valor ao invés de dados quantitativos. Assim, esta tese buscou responder a seguinte questão central: quais aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos devem ser considerados em um modelo de mensuração de sustentabilidade no âmbito empresarial? O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em propor e testar um modelo para a mensuração da sustentabilidade empresarial concebido a partir da integração das dimensões ambiental, social e econômica. O modelo proposto foi composto por 43 (quarenta e três) indicadores de sustentabilidade, sendo 16 (dezesseis) indicadores ambientais, 14 (quatorze) indicadores econômicos e 13 (treze) indicadores sociais. O Grid de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (GSE) foi elaborado para ser utilizado por empresas com diferentes características. A sustentabilidade empresarial foi abordada a partir de uma perspectiva integradora de aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos da sustentabilidade, denominada Grid de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (GSE). Esse modelo foi aplicado em cinco vinícolas localizadas na Serra Gaúcha para analisar seus desempenhos. Os resultados indicaram que três vinícolas obtiveram Escore 3 de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (Sustentabilidade Satisfatória), apontando que estas empresas conseguem conciliar desempenho satisfatório nas três dimensões de sustentabilidade consideradas, apresentando certo equilíbrio em ações e programas desenvolvidos em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável. As outras duas vinícolas investigadas apresentaram Escore 2 de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (Sustentabilidade Relativa), indicando que estas possuem desempenhos satisfatórios em duas das três dimensões da sustentabilidade consideradas. Uma vinícola obteve desempenho insatisfatório na dimensão econômica e a outra obteve desempenho insatisfatório na dimensão social. Com a aplicação do modelo foi possível verificar diferentes níveis de resultados de sustentabilidade apresentados pelas empresas analisadas, visto que dentre as empresas investigadas não foi identificado um padrão de resultados entre os diferentes indicadores de sustentabilidade.
The sustainable development debate raises new issues that should be monitored and measured by organizations. These include factors which may be outside the direct control of the organizations. In addition, they may be difficult to be characterized and are often based on value judgments rather than quantitative data. In this context, this thesis aimed to answer the following question: which environmental, social and economic aspects should be considered into a measurement model of sustainability among business? The general objective of this research was to propose and to verify empirically a measurement corporate sustainability model designed from the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions. The Model proposed includes 43 (forty-three) sustainability indicators, 16 (sixteen) environmental indicators, fourteen (14) economic indicators and thirteen (13) social indicators. The corporate sustainability has been addressed from a perspective that integrates environmental, social and economic sustainability, denominated the Corporate Sustainability Grid (CSG). The Corporate Sustainability Grid (CSG) was prepared to be used by various companies with different characteristics, regardless industry sector and geographic location. The performance of five wineries located in the southern mountains was analyzed based on the model proposed. The results showed that three wineries were scored as level three of corporate sustainability (satisfactory sustainability). These companies were able to reconcile satisfactory performance in all three dimensions of sustainability considered, giving some balance into actions and programs developed in relation to sustainable development. The other two wineries were scored as level two of corporate sustainability (relative sustainability), indicating that they have good performances in two of the three dimensions of sustainability. In addition, results indicate that all wineries surveyed achieved satisfactory performances in the environmental dimension. Regarding the others, it was observed that a winery showed poor performance on social aspects and a second winery showed unsatisfactory performance in the economic dimension. To sum up, the model detected different levels of sustainability outcomes provided by the companies. Among all it was not identified results pattern regarding different sustainability indicators.

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Dragomirecký, Erik. "Vývoj inkasa daně z příjmů právnických osob v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201623.

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The diploma thesis is aimed at analysis of corporate income tax, often discussed part of a tax system, which has lately been also subject of a tax competition. The primary objective of this work is analysis of collection of corporate income tax in the Czech Republic, according to taxpayers, and different economic sectors NACE. The secondary objective is analysis of tax deduction, especially donations, spending on research and development, and tax credit. The applied methods are analysis, comparison; out of the mathematical and statistical methods regression analysis is used. The analysis is done on years from 2005 to 2013.

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13

Gstach, Dieter, and Thomas Grandner. "Restricted immigration in a two-sector economy." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/358/1/document.pdf.

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This paper deals with income redistribution and fiscal effects caused by immigration in a two-sector economy with fixed capital endowments. We consider immigration under political control into one sector only, guided by the stylized fact that empirical immigration distributions often appear highly unequal. A distinguishing feature of the present model are changing relative good prices which are ruled out in related single sector models but typically also in open economy type of models. Thus even pure wage earners may win from immigration. The political support for immigration therefore crucially depends on relative sector size. Furthermore the necessary tax-rate to finance the transfer system may decrease as result of immigration. We also demonstrate that decreasing relative productivity of the open sector is accompanied by decreasing support for immigration. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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14

Schinerová, Veronika. "Vývoj inkasa daně z příjmů právnických osob v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201624.

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The diploma thesis aims to analyze the development of tax collections of corporate income tax in the Czech Republic in the years 2005 - 2013. The theoretical part of thesis in the first chapter pays particular attention to the basic concepts of the Czech tax system, where is analyzed the structure of corporate income tax, tax mix or Czech tax quota. The second and third chapter summarizes the most important reforms and development of the collection of corporate income tax between 2005 and 2013, and particularly factors that affect this tax. The practical part of thesis is divided into three analyzes, the first of which analyzes the total income of CIT and it dependence on selected variables, which are e.g. GDP, deductions from the tax base or corporate tax rate. The second part examines the admitted amount of tax in the tax returns by individual economic sectors and the admitted amount of CIT is analyzed according to different types of taxpayers in the last part of thesis.

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15

Zhang, Tianyu. "Corporate layers and corporate transparency in a transition economy : evidence from China /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ACCT%202004%20ZHANG.

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16

Gunsel, Nil. "Banking sector distress in the North Cyprus economy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31117.

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The purpose of this thesis is to empirically investigate the micro and the macro determinants of bank fragility in the North Cyprus economy over the period 1984-2002 using a multivariate logit model and logistic survival analysis. The empirical methodology employed in this analysis allows for the distinction between the determinants of the likelihood of bank failure and the survival time. Firstly, the model links the probability and the timing of banking problems to a set of bank-specific factors, then following the identification of bank-specific variables, the approach proceeds by combining these banklevel factors with the macro-environment that may have exacerbated the internal troubles of the financial institutions. The macro factors considered in the analysis are macroeconomic characteristics, financial and structural weaknesses, external shocks and potential contagion effect from Turkey.;The empirical findings suggest that capital inadequacy, low asset quality, low profitability, low liquidity, small asset size, a fall in the real GDP growth, high inflation, rising real interest rates, high credit expansion to public and private sector, a sharp increase in the real exchange rates, adverse trade shocks and high budget deficit, the ratio of M2 to foreign exchange reserves, implicit/explicit deposit insurance, financial liberalization, weak regulation and supervision and external shocks and exchange rate pressure on Turkish Lira played an important role in the escalation of the 2000-2002 banking distress in North Cyprus. Moreover, an empirical examination of the results for survival analysis reveals that low leverage, low liquidity and high credit that extended to the private sector are the main determinants of the time to banks failure in North Cyprus.;Keywords: North Cyprus economy, banking sector, bank fragility, logit, survival.

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17

Чигрин, Олена Юріївна, Елена Юрьевна Чигрин, and Olena Yuriivna Chyhryn. "The economy development outlook of renewable energy sector." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45287.

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Today the renewable energy sector continues to be one of the most an attractive market for public and private investors. According to the Renewables global future report [1] world gets about 17–18% of its energy from renewables, including about 9% from “traditional biomass” and about 8% from “modern renewables.” In 2011, about 30 countries were getting 20% or more of their total energy from renewables, and some as high as 50%. Countries in this category include Austria, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Uganda, and Uruguay. The share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy reached 15.0% in the European Union (EU), compared with 8.3% in 2004, the first year for which the data is available (Table 1).

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18

Smith, Collin E. "The underground economy : estimation techniques and policy implications." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60089.

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This thesis analyzes the estimation procedures and policy implications of an underground economy. In completing this task, we reviewed the techniques developed by Gutmann, Ferge, Tanzi, and others. Further attention was also given to the estimation processes, such as the survey approaches, used by various governments.
In analyzing the policy implications of an underground economy, we examined the effects of fiscal and monetary policy, the aggregate statistics, the exchange rate, and other equally important indicators. We concluded that the consequences of a large and growing submerged sector can be devastating to the economic variables.
Finally, this paper attempts to examine the Canadian underground economy. However, since the studies performed on the Canadian underground economy are limited, the task of both reviewing the literature, and determining the Canadian policy implications was perplexing. We concluded that there is a definite need for further study of the Canadian hidden sector.

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19

Reuse, Svend. "Corporate evaluation in the German banking sector." Wiesbaden Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9533-5.

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20

Turra, Elisa. "Exploring interaction in Italian new economy corporate meetings." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527162.

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21

Persson, Ola. "What is ciruclar economy? - The discourse of circular economy in the Swedish public sector." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254222.

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The aim of this study is to analyze how the concept of circular economy is viewed and defined within the Swedish public sector. Discourse analysis was applied to the semi-structured interviews conducted with employees who work with circular economy projects at local, regional and national institutions. The research found that circular economy was perceived as a way to face resource limitations through continuous circulation of materials, which could also foster economic growth decoupled from extraction of finite resource. Actors perceived as important for the transition to a circular economy are: public sector, business, researchers and civil society, who are believed to be motivated by the notion that a circular economy will lead to a more sustainable society. Furthermore, it is assumed that different partners will work together towards the common goal of circular economy. In addition, the circular economy concept seems to offer a different rhetorical way of approaching environmental problems. The implications of this study could be used to deepen understandings of how circular economy could be implemented.

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22

Манойленко, Олександр Володимирович. "Антикризове управління у корпоративному секторі економіки". Thesis, Науково-дослідний центр індустріальних проблем розвитку НАН України, 2010. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35531.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.03 – економіка та управління національним господарством. – Науково-дослідний центр індустріальних проблем розвитку НАН України, Харків, 2010. У дисертації розроблено та обґрунтовано наукову концепцію антикризового управління у корпоративному секторі економіки. Проведено причинно-наслідковий аналіз генезису корпоративного сектору економіки України, визначено основні фактори, що його зумовили, досліджено його типологічну структуру. Здійснено дослідження факторів, що зумовлюють виникнення та перебіг кризових явищ в економіці України, визначені особливості побудови інституційного середовища щодо формоутворення та взаємодії дисипативних корпоративних структур. Проведено типологізацію державних важелів антикризового управління, які з урахуванням обмежень їх застосування інституційного, фінансово-економічного та організаційного характеру стають у підґрунті розробки антисипативного механізму державної антикризової політики. Визначено напрямки реформування інституційного механізму відновлення просторової стійкості корпоративних структур, який враховує типологічну неоднорідність корпоративного сектору економіки, причини виникнення кризи, стадії й глибину її перебігу та системно зумовлює прогресивні напрямки виходу суб‘єктів господарювання з кризового стану (відновлення платоспроможності). Обґрунтовано методи впливу держави на узгодження цілей суб‘єктів системи корпоративного управління у кризовому стані. Запропоновано удосконалення методичного підходу щодо діагностики розгортання кризи, який базується на застосуванні методології «штучного інтелекту», враховує вплив факторів зовнішнього середовища, особливості корпоративних відносин суб‘єктів управління, глибину та стадії розвитку кризи у корпоративних структурах.
The dessertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of sciences in economics on speciality – 08.00.03 – Econonovics and manadgement of national economy - Research center of industrial problems of development of NAN of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2010. In the dissertation a scientific conception of crisis-proof management in the economy corporative sector has been developed and proved. The analysis of genesis of formation and developing of economy corporative sector of Ukraine has been shown; the main factors have been defined, its typological structure has been researched. Research of factors, which determine appearance and growth of crisis events in Ukrainian economy, has been made. The features of building of institutional environment of formation and cooperation of dissipative corporate structures have been defined. State impact methods on agreement of subject goals of the corporate management system in crisis state have been proved; a typology of state levers of crisis-proof management have been done, above mentioned state levers, taking into account the restriction of their appliance of institutional, finance-economical and management character becomes in the formation basis of antisipative mechanism of state crisis-proof policy. The main issues of reformation of institutional mechanism of bankruptcy and restoration of ability to pay of subjects of corporate economy sector have been developed, these issues consider typological inhomogenuity of the sector, the factors which determine a crisis appearance, stage and depth its evolution and system-allowed progressive directions of its negotiation (restoration of ability to pay). Improvement of methodical approach of diagnosis of crisis appearance and evolution in corporate structures with definition its stage and depth evolution has been suggested, it’s based on usage of “artificial intellect” methods, considers external environment factors impact, features of subjects’ corporate relationships under crisis economy.

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23

Kelleher, Deirdre. "Public sector corporate governance revisited : the ROI's non-commercial semi-state sector." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706992.

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In 2009, the Republic of Ireland (ROI) revised its Code of Practice for the Governance of State Bodies. Despite a review of the literature revealing a considerable body of work on codes of practice, few studies were observed to systematically analyse the impact of codes and none to do so in a public sector context. Furthermore, the literature indicated that although the significance of boards was generally accepted, agreement as to the attributes that determine their effectiveness was lacking. This issue was adjudged to be compounded in the ROI context, where public sector agentification was revealed to be particularly unique. This thesis explores whether a series of variables, identified in the public sector literature as determinants of board effectiveness, are significant in the ROI Non-Commercial Semi State Bodies (NCSSB) context. The research employed a board governance questionnaire conducted amongst a purposeful sample of NCSSBs. The empirical analysis indicates mixed findings: where no relationships between board member demographics and board effectiveness are identified while, some evidence in support of associations between certain board practice and board structure variables are revealed. Relative to the Code of Practice implementation indicators, the results suggest significant relationships between board effectiveness and board size and relationship with parent department, while no association was observed with the method of board member appointment. The key findings of the descriptive analyses suggest that the sector’s board members emerge from a select coterie of Irish society and that training and orientation uptake is at odds with participants reported governance awareness levels. This study contributes to our understanding of public sector board effectiveness as it treats of board effectiveness from nuanced and context sensitive perspectives. It is anticipated that the results of this study will stimulate future research, which may focus on, in particular, the anomalies revealed by this study’s findings.

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24

Phala, Terrance Madiseng. "Constraints and opportunities in the informal economy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019809.

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In spite of the fact that informal traders in the informal economy are viewed as having the greatest prospects for creating jobs and absorbing the unemployed in developing countries, informal traders in Limpopo Province in general, and the city of Polokwane in particular, face various constraints that negatively affect them on a daily basis. The aim of the study has been to explore the constraints and opportunities of informal traders, using the city of Polokwane as a case study. The study has attempted to identify and describe constraints that affect informal traders in the Polokwane city, as well as factors that can enhance their development and growth. The study is exploratory, descriptive and qualitative in nature. Semi-structured faceto-face interviews were conducted to gather data. Findings of the study suggest that the government should improve the effectiveness of its support mechanisms by initiating targeted support programmes specifically tailored for informal traders at the survivalist level.

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25

Félix, Miguel Ângelo Patrão Coelho Bahuto. "Análise económica e financeira do comércio por grosso e a retalho alimentar em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4996.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos da crise económica e financeira atual no setor do Comércio por Grosso e a Retalho Alimentar em Portugal. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram consideradas a avaliação evolutiva do setor em termos de rentabilidade e de crescimento, assim como na reação á crise no âmbito empresarial. A análise económica parte dos principais indicadores macroeconómicos e sua evolução, para apurar as principais características evolutivas do setor e as diferenças das mesmas comparativamente à economia portuguesa. Em termos da análise financeira das empresas, foram realizados testes estatísticos à estrutura do balanço e demonstração de resultados de modo a confirmar se houve uma alteração significativa nos mesmos. O intervalo temporal escolhido situou-se entre 2007 e 2009 de modo a captar as possíveis variações devidas à crise. Finalmente, através de duas regressões lineares estudaram-se também as variáveis que melhor explicam o comportamento do ROE e ROA das empresas do setor, apurandoos fatores determinantes na evolução da rentabilidade do comércio a retalho e por grosso do ramo alimentar. Os resultados confirmaram que a estrutura financeira das empresas do setor do Comércio por Grosso e a Retalho Alimentar em Portugal é bastante sólida, não tendo sido afetadas pela crise, assim como os principais rácios económico e financeiros.
The objective of this paper is to study the effects of the economic and financial crisis on the food retail sector in Portugal. To achieve this objective, we considered relevant to measure the evolution of this sector in terms of rentability and growth, as well as in the reaction to the crisis on corporate level. The economic analysis begins with key economic indicators and their evolution, in order to get the main tendencies in the sector and also the differences with the Portuguese economy. In terms of financial analysis statistic tests were made to the balance sheet and the income statement, in order to confirm if occurred a significant change on them. The interval chosen was between 2007 and 2009, in order to evaluate the possible variations due to the crisis. Finally trough two linear regressions were studied the variables that better explain the variations on ROE and ROA of the companies from the same sector. The results of these tests confirm that the companies of the food retail sector in Portugal have a solidbalance sheet and income statement structure that the crisis didn’t affected, also the key financial ratios weren’t affected.

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26

Laušev, Jelena. "Public-private sector earnings differentials in a transition economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30789/.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyse how economic transition affected earnings differentials in Eastern European economies. In particular, as the public sector was the sole employer in the pre-transition period, the analysis of public sector pay setting is crucial to understanding how privatisation affected the labour market during the transition. The central idea of the first essay is to develop a theoretical model that explains the pay setting behaviour of the employer in the public sector. We argue that changes in wage differentials unrelated to productivity differentials may arise from changes in the degree of public sector market power during the transition. The second essay estimates public-private sector pay differentials across the entire pay distribution in Serbia from 1995 until 2008 for men and women separately. It demonstrates the importance of a proper measurement of pay to account for differences in the structure of total remuneration between sectors. The economic transition is found adversely to affect public sector pay gap relative to private sector pay at the beginning but public sector wages increase faster than private sector wages in later stages. The essay adopts a number of statistical procedures including a quantile regression approach. The estimates show more negative or less positive (depending on the time interval) public-private sector earnings differentials among high earners than among low earners. The third essay estimates public-private sector pay differentials across the entire pay distribution in Hungary from 1992 until 2003 for men and women separately. The results show an increasing public sector pay 'penalty' at all the percentiles of pay distribution during first years of transition and a decline later on. However, the pay differential is found to vary across the earnings distribution significantly. Particularly, the essay provides striking evidence of public sector pay compression during transition. Whereas the public-private sector pay gap for workers below the median was rather small, the gap was substantial for workers at and above the median over the whole period considered. The three essays are preceded by an overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on public-private sector pay differentials in i) developed market economies and ii) transition economies of Eastern Europe.

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27

Van, Do Thang. "Finance provision and small business sector in transition economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438506.

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28

Persilva, Fernandes Barbara. "The Commodity and Industrial Sector in the Brazilian Economy." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429634018.

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29

Chung, Chun Pong Thomas. "Corporate governance in the banking and finance sector." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621335.

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The focus of this thesis is an examination of certain weaknesses in the corporate governance at UK and US banks which constituted an underlying cause of the crisis. It considers the regulatory responses to these identified weaknesses and assesses to what extent these have led to improvements in corporate governance at banks. This research is based on an examination of all the failures at UK and US banks during and after the crisis, and of its related responses. In addition to UK and US responses, several solutions to the weaknesses identified at UK and US banks are addressed through EU legislation. The conclusions are that board effectiveness was low due to a lack of knowledge and of challenging of senior management; there was a culture placing growth and profit over risk management; and remuneration was structured leading to unacceptable risk taking resulting in scandals. It is concluded that the mechanisms to limit the impact of a failure of a bank on its stakeholders were inadequate. A case study of the financial crisis in US during the 1990s is undertaken to consider whether the US regulatory response offers lessons to UK regulators and legislators. The finding is that analysis of regulation and corporate governance at banks is problematic. There were similarities between the two financial crises, the organisation and culture of the UK and US banks is so different that different regulatory responses follow.

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30

Adeleke, Cecily Joy. "Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nigerian Banking Sector." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/85.

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Corporate social responsibility is presently defined by the World Business Council of Sustainable Development as persistent commitment by businesses to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while also increasing the quality of life of employees, their families, and the community. Guided by Freeman's stakeholder theory, this study examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the Nigerian bankers' reported satisfaction with the Nigerian banking sector. Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 99 Nigerian bankers, including branch managers, zonal managers, tellers, marketers, and investors. A single-stage sampling procedure was used to elicit their satisfaction with the Nigerian banking sector and their perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility was conceptualized as a composite variable, with dependent sub-variables of ethics, human rights, and employee rights. A Pearson's r correlation test indicated a significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and Nigerian banker satisfaction (p < .05). These findings suggest that a majority of Nigerian bankers are satisfied with the banking sector which they feel, overall, behaves in a socially responsible way, although they also noted concerns related to insider abuse and a lack of transparency among internal processes. Implications for positive social change include informing policy makers and regulatory agencies in Nigeria about changes to public policy and the regulatory banking environment about risks associated with insider abuse and other internal processes in the banking industry that may damage efforts to improve corporate social responsibility with the goal of enhancing economic development in Nigeria.

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31

Геєць, Ірина Олегівна. "Corporate Management of Aircraft Construction Sector in Ukraine." Thesis, Modern Transformation of Economics and Management in the Era of Globalization: International Scientific Conference, January 29, 2016: abstracts. – Klaipeda, Lithuania, 2016. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/35462.

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32

Xu, Sheng-Jun. "Essays in corporate finance, labour economics, and political economy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62401.

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This thesis presents a collection of essays on the intersection of finance, labour, and political economy. In Chapter 2, I exploit the 2003 reduction in the legislative cap for the H-1B visa program to show that a firm’s ability to hire skilled workers affects corporate investment. U.S. firms use the H-1B program to recruit foreign skilled (college-educated) workers, and I find that the reduction in the cap caused a significant decrease in investment for firms that were more reliant on H-1B workers as a source of skilled labour. The effect persists for several years, and is more pronounced for firms hiring workers in “industrial” occupations compared with firms hiring workers in “knowledge” occupations. The remaining essays examine how political incentives affect the policies of U.S. public-sector defined benefit pension plans. In Chapter 3, I present novel empirical evidence that “pension deficits”—the difference between liability accrual rates and asset accumulation rates—are systematically higher in gubernatorial election years. This electoral cycle pattern is explained by systematic dips in governmental contributions, and plans that exhibit larger electoral cycles tend to experience deteriorating funding levels and lower economic growth. Falsification tests, including analysis of private-sector DB pension plans and unexpected Governor transitions, indicate that non-political factors are unlikely to explain the documented electoral cycles. In Chapter 4, I present a theoretical model detailing how electoral incentives induce incumbent politicians to borrow from public pension plans in a short-sighted manner at the expense of taxpayers. Using a career concerns model framework, I show this conflict is rooted in (1) moral hazard stemming from protections that insulate employees from the costs of unfunded pension liabilities, and (2) information asymmetry stemming from the opacity of public pension plans. The model generates predictions consistent with empirical findings from Chapter 3. Specifically, electoral cycles in pension deficits are more pronounced for states that place the burden of funding unfunded pension liabilities on taxpayers, and for states with less transparent public pension systems. Furthermore, pension deficits are larger during elections that are more closely contested and during gubernatorial terms in which the incumbent remains eligible to run for re-election.
Business, Sauder School of
Finance, Division of
Graduate

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33

Dale, Nicholas R. "The globalisation of the Latvian economy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389818.

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34

Athanasoglou, Panayotis P. "A disequilibrium model for a small open economy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260029.

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This study is mainly concerned with the developmen~ of a disequilibrium model for a small open economy and its application to the Greek manufacturing sector over the period 1962- 1982 using quarterly data. The economy defined comprises two sets of agents: firms and households, operating in two markets: goods and labour. Firms, which are profit maximizers, produce a non-storable good and demand labour while consumers, which are utility maximizers, demand goods and supply labour. Prices (and wages) are considered fixed in the short run and agents perceive quantity constraints. Taking into account the spill-over effects from the one market to the other, one can determine the appropriate effective demand functions for employment and imports. In the present case, the economy will alternatively belong to three different unemployment regimes; namely the classical, the keynesian and the repressed inflation. Actual output and exports which are endogenous in this model, are given by the production function and the foreign demand for the domestic product, respectively. However, actual employment is determined by the minimum of notional (Walrasian) demand for labour, effective demand for labour and the supply of labour, while actual imports are conditional to the regime ciassification obtained in the labour market. The equations of the model appropriately extended to reflect the dynamics and the specific characteristics of the Greek manufacturing sector were estimated by both least squares and maximum likelihood methods. Specifically, the former was applied to t~e production, imports and ex?orts functions, whil~ the'latter to the employment function. The construc-· tion of several time-series and the use of quarterly data for a period of 23 years made it possible to exploit the shortrun properties of the model. . It is found that this approach produces theoretically acceptable and plausible results.

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35

Kahyalar, Neslihan. "Three empirical essays on the informal economy : the Turkish case." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678357.

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36

Ren, Bing. "The corporate network of interlocking directorates, corporate governance, and firm performance in China's transitional economy." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3222660.

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37

Tekinbas, Ege. "The Political Economy Of Spanish Financial Sector And Foreign Policy." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610576/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the Spanish financial system and foreign policy from a political economy point of view. The foundation, development and transformation of the financial elite in Spain and its affiliations with the policy-making elite are the main concerns of this study. The traditionally complex and interlocking relationship between the financial elite and the policy-making elite in Spain is a perfect showcase to demonstrate how policy and economy affect each other interchangeably. The financial system of Spain has always been highly oligopolistic which led to the continuation of its traditional political and economical protection for many decades before, during and after the liberalisation process went underway. This traditional protection has a very unique characteristic given the fact that it survived nearly a century, under a succession of various political and regulatory regimes with very different ideological agendas. &ldquo
How could the banking sector preserve its power and influence under many different political ideals and economic orientations&rdquo
is one the questions to which an answer is sought in this study. Naturally, this answer also covers the origins and structure of the power and influence that the financial elite held over the domestic and foreign policies of the country. Also, the mutual and complex relationship between economy and foreign policy as well as policy-making elite and economic elite, is analysed in this thesis. In other words, the consequences of the shifts in foreign and domestic policy agendas on the Spanish financial elite are studied.

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38

Scagliusi, Cosimo. "Three essays on the political economy of public sector governance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3331.

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Анотація:

This Ph.D thesis is made up of six chapters: together with Introduction and Concluding Remarks, there are one extensive literature review and three main essays. The theme of this thesis is "The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance" and I explore it by analysing the two main actors in the interaction between citizens and politicians: Mass Media and Bureaucracy. The World Bank in several publications since early 2000 has brought to the attention of politicians, public servants, social scientists and, as far as an institution like the World Bank can do, the general public that what really is important and does make a difference in the economic growth and social development of nations are not policies but (political and social) institutional quality. In order to make institutions work well, so they are able to promote the greatest welfare for all the citizens, it is necessary to have good governance. One of the ingredients of an optimal governance arrangement is the possibility for the citizens to make their government accountable for what it does (not) and responsive to their needs. Therefore, in order to have good political institutions citizens have, on one hand, to control their government and, on the other hand, to voice their needs, preferences and ideas, also when the ballot box is not ready at hand. Mass Media has at least these two functions in the relationship between the citizens and the (incumbent) politicians. In the first essay I analyse citizens' voting decisions and collusion between media and politicians and how this phenomenon affects the behaviour of citizens towards disciplining and selecting the incumbent politician, when citizens have at their hands two sources of information about the quality of the incumbents and their performance: the quantity of a good publicly supplied by the government and a signal coming from the mass media on politician honesty. The setting comprises a two period game, where voters, in the first period, have to decide, observing the information available through media and good publicly produced, whether to vote off or reelect the incumbent politician to the second period electorate mandate. By employing both two signals, citizens manage to sort out honest politicians from dishonest ones more often than if they were relying on media information only. Moreover the existence of both signals makes collusion harder to achieve than in the case of one signal only. Furthermore, the welfare analysis reveals that, contrary to previous findings, the presence of media is not always welfare improving. The usefulness of media for citizens depends critically on the time discount factor between the two periods: when the time discount factor is larger than a certain threshold, it is optimal for the citizens to receive information from media; when the time discount factor is lower than the threshold, their optimal decision is not to get any information. Finally, I argue that when rules at the constitutional level are not possible and citizens cannot commit to have less information, then collusion between media and politician can be welfare improving for citizens, contrary to previous results in the literature. In the second essay I investigate the role of Mass Media as a bottom-up way of communicating dispersed information from citizens to incumbent. Citizens transmit useful information thanks to the newspapers they buy and read. However, these newspapers are produced by a third party (a Media Tycoon) that has his own incentives. In particular the Media Tycoon has to decide whether to produce a newspaper that allows the citizens to participate in the public debate (Broadsheet) or does not (Tabloid). Given the fact that this instrument can be bought but not directly produced by the citizens, there exists a tension between the benefit of using a newspaper to express citizens'views and the possibility that this newspaper can be actually produced. Results show that producing a Broadsheet always improves the quality of policy decision making on part of the incumbent. A notable result is that in order to enhance the quality of the public decision making it is better to have any Broadsheet than not having one, whatever is the public stance the newspaper takes about the issue at stake. In this essay I first assume that there is only one group of citizens which is interested in having the optimal policy adopted, i.e. the Middle Class and I assume the Middle Class citizens are the only one who read newspapers. Subsequently I analyse how the results change when citizens from the other classes read newspapers as well. I show how the "partisan readers", committed to buy the Broadsheet supporting the policy they prefer, can ease the production of the Broadsheet. In this case the existence of partisanship and of ideological readers make the implementation of optimal policy easier, not harder, contrary to conventional wisdom. In the work of the World Bank, and in all the scientific production about how to establish and foster the development of good governance, corruption is one of the main diseases that can affect the correct relationship between citizens and public officials. So it is important to study how good institutional quality can fight corruption in several different fields of the political and economic environment. The third essay evaluates the effect of corruption on the regulation of business entry. A theoretical agency model of bribes is introduced, with strategic interaction between the firm, the corruptible public sector employee and the government. This model allows the evaluation of reforms targeting business startup procedures with regards to the incentives of the various actors involved in this process. Findings show that corruption in equilibrium between entrant firms and public servants could be self-sustained in the absence of government intervention. When deriving the equilibrium outcomes of some reforms like performance wages, privatisation and full liberalisation of entry, results show that transaction costs related to bribes are central in determining the optimal reform strategy. Although liberalisation is the preferred reform option for firms, government fiscal revenues and overall social welfare, firms surprisingly would prefer performance wages implemented in public registry service rather than the privatisation of this service. This holds despite the additional tax burden on firms necessary to finance higher civil servants'wages.

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39

Acres, Colleen Greer. "Spatial clustering of sector linked industry in an urban economy." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/356.

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The influence of economies of agglomeration on location decisions has been debated since it was advanced by Alfred Weber in 1909. Empirical findings at the international, national, and regional levels do not definitely support the efficacy of such economies. No study has been done at a local level, the one inherently appropriate to the Weber premise. Further, most studies have used highly generalized manufacturing groupings. The importance of intra-industry and inter-industry determinants of spatial proximity in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area was investigated in this study. The data base included 220 industries with 2,111 firms employing 108,295 workers. National input-output transaction tables were used to generate measures of intra-industry and inter-industry technological linkage at the 4 digit Standard Industrial Code classification level. Nearest neighbor statistics were employed to measure the spatial proximity of firms within an industry. A spatial association measure, the local concentration coefficient, was devised to calculate spatial proximity among manufacturing firm pairs in various linkage relationships. Then, multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationships of intra- and inter-industry linkages to spatial proximity. Average firm size, material and market orientations, and transportation and utility cost intensities were treated as covariates in the analysis. A total of 25 models involving the covariates and various combinations of forward and backward linkages were executed. In 23 cases, the models and effects of linkages were insignificant. The observed influence of the covariates was generally insignificant. Clearly, economies of agglomeration have no effect on industrial patterns in this analysis. Further, the poor performance of the covariates suggest that application of existing theory to localized manufacturing plan selection processes may be misplaced. While these factors may function at the regional or national level, they do not on an intrametropolitan level, at least in this case. Seeking the specific factor of manufacturing linkage based economies of agglomeration or external economies may be a rare exception in location behavior in general and particularly inoperative at a local level. Local development policies which are premised on maximizing such economies are, accordingly, not supported by this research.

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40

Bashe, Akhona Carol. "The formalization of the informal sector economy : Panacea or Chimera?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23264.

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In 2011 author Robert Neuwirth identified the global informal sector economy as having a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is equivalent to the second largest economy in the world behind the United States of America (USA).Studies have shown that the informal sector economy is prevalent in Africa and India which are both considered to be emerging market economies with potential for exponential growth. The GDP of a country is calculated using a total of a countries production of goods and services; however production in the informal sector economy is unaccounted for. The inclusion of their production could potentially boost the economic growth of these emerging market economies.This study aims to observe whether the informal sector economy should be formalized or left as it is in its current state. Despite the ‘problem statement’ in the previous paragraph, which appears to be in favour of formalization, there are advantages and disadvantages for both formalizing the informal sector economy and leaving it in its current state.The objective of this study is to come up with a sustainable strategy of how to manage and administer the informal sector economy as in its current state it is proving to be unsustainable.A two phased approach was used to produce the findings which included interviews with experts and interviews with entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector economy.These findings provided suitable recommendations to be made as to how to manage and administer the informal sector economy.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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41

Бричко, Марина Михайлівна, Марина Михайловна Бричко, and Maryna Mykhailivna Brychko. "Conceptualization of trust in the financial sector of the economy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77594.

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Trust has turned into the centre of academic interest among a spray of fields - economics, sociology, psychology, political science etc. - as a characteristic of agents and institutions’ behavior in socio-economic systems. In economic matters, trust has been regarded as determinant for economic growth, financial development, international trade and investments [3]. In literature, definitions and measurements of trust vary often using the concepts of trust, confidence, and sentiments interchangeably. We are not motivated by the development of a single economic notion of trust, but at the same time, we are seeking to reduce the pluralism of views and the multitude of conceptualizations by their amalgamating.

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42

Kimani, Danson. "Investigating factors which influence the practice of corporate governance within the Kenyan corporate sector." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/51777/.

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This thesis examines the compatibility of Kenya’s (Anglo-American-originated) CG code with the country’s institutional environment. Its inspiration arises from researcher’s observation that Kenyan firms continue to experience various CG challenges despite the adoption of an international code of CG practices. The study is further motivated by analysis of existing literature, which identifies three important gaps in literature addressed in this thesis, namely: (a) scanty understanding concerning the applicability of foreign CG codes within LDCs institutional environments, (b) limited literature on CG in the context of Africa, and (c) insufficient qualitative CG research notwithstanding mixed results from quantitative studies. A multi-method approach was utilised in gathering data including: twenty-one interviews with representative CG stakeholders, field observations of six listed firms’ AGMs, and archival evidence (annual reports and corporate websites, records of AGM proceedings, official documents and policy publications). The study then employs thematic and content analysis to investigate factors which influence the practice of Kenya’s CG code within the corporate sector. This thesis’s findings demonstrate that despite the merits of the Anglo-American governance model, the present code of CG practice in Kenya is incompatible with the country’s institutional environment. Analysis of data establishes the source of this incompatibility as arising from various ambits including: highly concentrated ownership structure of firms, absence of shareholder activism, powerful traditional norms and culture, outdated corporate statutes and weak regulatory environment, and uncertainties within the country’s economy. Contrary to expectations following adoption of Kenya’s CG code, this thesis finds that Kenyan firms continue to experience severe CG challenges. These include erosion of shareholder wealth, bankruptcy risk, and conflicts between firms and local communities. This thesis makes as least two contributions to the theory and practice of corporate governance in developing countries, such Kenya. Firstly, it develops and tests a theoretical framework for examining the practice of CG in Kenya. The framework demonstrates that to understand the way CG codes are practiced in a developing country, requires awareness of factors which characterised the development of the code(s) along with the country-specific implementation process. Secondly, by providing empirical evidence of the incompatibility of the Anglo-American CG model in Kenya, the study reveals how the actions of CG practitioners are defined by a powerful institutional environment, including traditional customs and culture, notwithstanding the existence of explicit CG regulations developed internationally (e.g. in western countries). This was also found to be the principal cause for variance between the provisions of the CG code and actual practice. Finally, this thesis provides both immediate and long-term suggestions for policy. Immediate policy intervention may include a review of conflicting corporate sector regulations and adequate resourcing of relevant regulatory bodies. Long-term policy consideration should focus on reviewing the current CG code with due regard to the ‘ecosystem’ of firms to avoid tensions occasioned by the institutional environment; including conflicts with non-shareholding constituencies.

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43

How-Ling, Khong. "Service employment in the Malaysian economy : structure and change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386217.

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44

Poukliakova, Svetlana. "Corporate governance in a transition economy: business groups in Russia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2399.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.
Theses (Faculty of Business Administration) / Simon Fraser University. EMBA Program. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

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45

Messer, Christopher T. "Private sector impact on futures pricing and corporate hedging /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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46

Kelly, Kevin. "Corporate social responsibility for the knowledge intensive services sector." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/317216/1/PhD%20Kevin%20Kelly.pdf.

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The following research examines current approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the knowledge intensive services sector of industry. The primary aim of this research is the development of a conceptual framework that informs the development and continuous review of the CSR process for businesses that operate in these sectors. It is anticipated that the framework can also play a role in facilitating compliance with section 172 of the Companies Act in the United Kingdom. To enhance the prospect of achieving the primary research aim the following supplementary objectives were also identified: 1) To critically evaluate current approaches to CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 2) To determine the appetite and expectation for stakeholder focused governance in the knowledge intensive services sector. 3) To evaluate responses to constraining and enabling characteristics of CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 4) To explore the potential role and implications of a CSR guidance framework for the knowledge intensive services sector. This research utilises a multiple case study approach with a focus on three case study subjects, each of whom are market leaders in their respective (knowledge intensive services) sectors of industry and each of whom have demonstrated significant investment and success in their approaches to CSR to date. Qualitative methodology was employed to collect the primary data whilst quantitative methods were employed for the collection of supplementary data for the purposes of triangulation. Using grounded theory methodology, the qualitative data was analysed and the findings conceptualised and coded. This resulted in four key categories being identified and linked to a core category and forms the basis of the ultimate framework. Grounded theory analysis also accounts for the compilation of the supplementary propositions which accompany the framework. This research evidences an acceptance of the need for a more stakeholder focused approach to corporate governance in the knowledge intensive services sector and the resultant framework provides a pathway through which this can be achieved.

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47

Kelly, Kevin. "Corporate social responsibility for the knowledge intensive services sector." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/317216/.

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Анотація:

The following research examines current approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the knowledge intensive services sector of industry. The primary aim of this research is the development of a conceptual framework that informs the development and continuous review of the CSR process for businesses that operate in these sectors. It is anticipated that the framework can also play a role in facilitating compliance with section 172 of the Companies Act in the United Kingdom. To enhance the prospect of achieving the primary research aim the following supplementary objectives were also identified: 1) To critically evaluate current approaches to CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 2) To determine the appetite and expectation for stakeholder focused governance in the knowledge intensive services sector. 3) To evaluate responses to constraining and enabling characteristics of CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 4) To explore the potential role and implications of a CSR guidance framework for the knowledge intensive services sector. This research utilises a multiple case study approach with a focus on three case study subjects, each of whom are market leaders in their respective (knowledge intensive services) sectors of industry and each of whom have demonstrated significant investment and success in their approaches to CSR to date. Qualitative methodology was employed to collect the primary data whilst quantitative methods were employed for the collection of supplementary data for the purposes of triangulation. Using grounded theory methodology, the qualitative data was analysed and the findings conceptualised and coded. This resulted in four key categories being identified and linked to a core category and forms the basis of the ultimate framework. Grounded theory analysis also accounts for the compilation of the supplementary propositions which accompany the framework. This research evidences an acceptance of the need for a more stakeholder focused approach to corporate governance in the knowledge intensive services sector and the resultant framework provides a pathway through which this can be achieved.

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48

Mambondiani, Lance. "Corporate governance of banks : evidence from Zimbabwe's banking sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corporate-governance-of-banks-evidence-ftom-zimbabwes-banking-sector(8a924bd2-09e5-42b9-a9a4-70c9064d60f6).html.

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Banks play a primary role in the intermediation of savings and investments. As a result, the stability and development of the financial sector is of paramount importance to most countries. In developed countries, the global financial crisis which led to the shocking collapse of Lehman Brothers and distress in other global financial giants such as AIG, Merrill Lynch, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Northern Rock have raised concerns about corporate governance in the financial sector and more specifically, the importance of a stable banking sector worldwide. In developing countries, financial systems are heavily reliant on banking firms since they are the largest intermediaries. The institutional environment which includes substantial ownership by insider owners, poor legal and regulatory systems, corruption and the existence of distributional cartels underscore the need for effective regulation and sound corporate governance aimed at curbing excessive risk taking by owners. The effects of different ownership structures on banks have received little attention particularly in developing countries. Literature suggests that whether the ownership rights of a bank are held by just a few shareholders or by many and whether these shareholders are insiders or outsiders has differing effects on corporate governance. This study analyses the effects of ownership structure on corporate governance in Zimbabwean banks. The Zimbabwean banking sector has experienced major changes since the liberalisation of the financial markets in 1991. The sector expanded due to the entry of a significant number of private indigenous banks in a market previously dominated by foreign banks. Following this expansion, the sector suffered a near-systemic crisis in 2003 which resulted in the collapse of 13 of these newly registered banks and the arrest of several owner managers for abusing depositor’s funds. After the financial sector crisis, the central bank implemented new corporate governance regulations in 2004 which introduced a separation between ownership and management. The objective of the regulation was to address the problems relating to insider ownership concentration address corporate governance weaknesses in banks. The findings from this study indicate ownership concentration in all the banks across ownership types, and insider ownership concentration in private indigenous banks before and after the 2004 regulations. The empirical evidence also find that banks with insider ownership concentration suffered corporate governance weaknesses which resulted in problems such as related party transactions, frauds, tunnelling and abuse of depositor’s funds compared to those with outside ownership concentration. In this regard, the study finds that in developing countries, insider ownership concentration may result in corporate governance weaknesses whilst outsider ownership concentration can result in increased monitoring. The study also finds evidence of a weak legal and regulatory framework, poor enforcement and regulatory forbearance as some of the institutional arrangements which affected ownership structure and corporate governance in banks. The analysis in this study also indicate that the regulatory changes introduced by the central bank in 2004 have not been ineffective in tackling the corporate which resulted from insider ownership concentration. As a result, the study questions the a wholesome adoption of Anglo-Saxon type provisions relating to separation between ownership and management without an empirical analysis of their appropriateness to developing countries in developing countries.

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49

Hurd, Howard. "The geography of corporate philanthropy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241179.

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50

Gbande, Atsuwe Cephas. "Corporate turnaround strategy in Nigeria : a case study of NEPA." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336420.

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The main objective of this study is to establish why NEPA has persistently failed to effectively turnaround with a view to recommending an effective corporate turnaround strategy. The corporation has performed very poorly for several decades in both monetary returns and service quality. Several attempts to reverse the situation have failed, thus frustrating the government who own the corporation and the consumers who use its services. To do this we start by building a theoretical framework to learn from experience of other organisations and establish the parameters for performance measurement, necessary for a successful corporate turnaround. Corporate turnaround strategy is only necessary if there is corporate decline. Corporate decline, however, does not occur as one of those things in an organisation but starts in one area and systematically spreads to the other areas. There are two sources of corporate decline, one internal to the company and the other external to it. While the managers may influence the internal causal factors of decline, it is not easy for them to influence the external causal factors of decline. However, good managers may minimise the effects of external factors of decline on their organisation. The main internal cause of corporate decline is management, along with other variables such as finance, organisation structure, bureaucracy and poor management decisions. Most corporate decline situations arise as a result of poor and inefficient management among others which include ineffective financial policy and control, overexpansion and large scale investments without proper costing. Yet. other factors include building.... of high cost structure in an organisation, poor marketing efforts and wrongly judged acquisitions and mergers. NEPA possesses most of these attributes of decline during the period of 1970 to 1992. The key symptoms of declining organisations are grouped in seven basic families of problems which are mainly liquidity, poor debt collection, declining profitability, quality failures, low employee morale and poor organisation structure. To reverse these trends. most turnaround strategies start with change of top management. The new management carries out the restructuring of the rest of the organisation, first by assuring that the organisation has enough funds to function and is heading towards the desired direction. Such actions include assets I reduction, improved cost efficiency and redirected investment. Following the completion of theoretical framework, we carried out field research directed at four stakeholders of NEPA. We drew up and administered a different questionnaire on Residential Consumers, Commercial and Industrial Consumers, NEPA Staff and Other Interest Groups (Ministries and other Parastatals) to capture the perception of these groups on the performance of NEPA. The responses from the questionnaires have been analysed and reported in the study. Our findings show that NEPA is characterised by the indicators of corporate decline such as: • poor management • weak finance team • high cost structure • bureaucracy The combined effect of these is poor performance in product quality and loss of revenue as shown in its operating records. The first attempt to improve product quality of NEPA in 1972 by merging the two bodies (ECN and NDA) into one body failed to produce noticeable effect. The corporation has therefore continued to decline over the years and the consumers had to tolerate the situation as there was no ready alternative source of power supply. Recognising the problem, another attempt to turn NEPA around was made in 1989, by adopting turnaround strategies which involved changing top management and restructuring the organisation. It still did not improve its performance because the new management was not better than the one replaced. The corporation thus continues to decline. Recognising NEPA's operational problems and managerial difficulties, we recommended corporate turnaround strategies that will lessen the burden on the executives and make NEPA an efficient company. We have recommended change of management, preferably with an outsider, as the first step in the corporate turnaround process in NEPA. This step was followed by the recommendation of large scale reorganisation of the industry. The reorganisation involves the formation of a Holding Company out of the current headquarters, with drastically reduced workforce and ten subsidiary companies. Our recommendations involve the creation of a generating company, a national grid company and eight distributing and supplying companies. We appreciate the resource implications of our recommendations, which involves the injection of new funds, new personnel requirement and the government's approval. The subsidiary companies would inherit most of their staffing requirements from the current NEPA staff, except for Distribution and Supply companies, where a large number of new personnel should be employed. The staffing requirements of Distribution and Supply companies will differ from the other companies in the group. The high calibre professional staff needs shall be met by offering appropriate incentives, comparable to those in the private sector. The corporation has already got premises that will house the subsidiary companies and funding will come from both improved operating and financial performance as well as a one off grant from the government. Despite these resource implications, we are convinced that if NEPA is keen to improve on its performance, our recommendations will be the way out for the corporation.

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