Книги з теми "Core parameters"
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1
Razzano, Giovanna. Il parametro delle norme non scritte nella giurisprudenza costituzionale. Milano: Giuffrè, 2002.
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2
Dembowski, Mary Ann. An evaluation of parameters influencing jet mixing using the WIND Navier-Stokes Code. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.
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3
Licci, Giorgio. Ragionevolezza e significatività come parametri di determinatezza della norma penale. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 1989.
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4
Robbins, Frederick W. Lumped-parameter interior ballistic computer code using the TTCP (The Technical Cooperation Program) model. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md: Ballistic Research Laboratory, 1988.
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5
T, Urbanik. The sensitivity of evacuation time estimates to changes in input parameters for the I-DYNEV computer code. Washington, DC: Division of Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.
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6
Bizyuk, Aleksandr. Fundamentals of abnormal psychology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/974663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook is a Supplement to the course of lectures given at the faculties of psychology, where one of the sections of this discipline is clinical psychology. This publication has been updated to reflect the 11th International classification of diseases, changes in which also affect the classification aspects of mental disorders.
In order to implement the principle of consistency in mastering knowledge of pathopsychology, the material is given in the context of General and clinical psychology, which facilitates the holistic assimilation of the specifics of this science and understanding its place among other related Sciences.
In accordance with the requirements of didactics, the structuring of the material is based on the principle "from simple to complex"; at the end of each paragraph, test questions are offered, finding answers to which in the text of the book forms the core knowledge of the reader.
The Chapter devoted to disorders of specific mental functions, in addition to General theoretical data, provides brief descriptions of psychodiagnostic techniques designed to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of recorded changes. When writing the book, we used a rich domestic and foreign material published in numerous sources.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of psychological, pedagogical and medical universities, primarily clinical psychologists, as well as for a wide range of specialists working in the information field of problems of the ratio of normal and altered psyche.
7
Danckaert, Lieven. Changing EPP parameters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759522.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter starts with a description of the core facts concerning the VPAux/AuxVP alternation in the history of Latin. In the case of modal verbs and infinitives, there is a clear decline of the head-final order VPAux, whereas Late Latin BE-periphrases surprisingly prefer this order. Against the backdrop of these observations, the discussion then turns to the analysis of Classical and Late Latin clause structure. It is proposed that during the transition from Classical to Late Latin, a major parametric change took place related to the way the clausal EPP-requirement is satisfied. In the earlier grammar (‘Grammar A’), the entire VP undergoes A-movement to the high T-domain, resulting in the characteristic VPAux word order. In the later grammar (‘Grammar B’) the EPP-requirement is met by means of verb movement, with the VP staying in situ. In this grammar VPAux-orders are derived through roll-up movement, which is incompatible with the VOAux-pattern.
8
Sethna, James P. Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865247.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This text distills the core ideas of statistical mechanics to make room for new advances important to information theory, complexity, active matter, and dynamical systems. Chapters address random walks, equilibrium systems, entropy, free energies, quantum systems, calculation and computation, order parameters and topological defects, correlations and linear response theory, and abrupt and continuous phase transitions. Exercises explore the enormous range of phenomena where statistical mechanics provides essential insight — from card shuffling to how cells avoid errors when copying DNA, from the arrow of time to animal flocking behavior, from the onset of chaos to fingerprints. The text is aimed at graduates, undergraduates, and researchers in mathematics, computer science, engineering, biology, and the social sciences as well as to physicists, chemists, and astrophysicists. As such, it focuses on those issues common to all of these fields, background in quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and advanced physics should not be needed, although scientific sophistication and interest will be important.
9
L, Korotev Randy, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Lithological variation with depth and decoupling of maturity parameters in Apollo 16 regolith core 68001/2. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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10
Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE C62.69A-2017 IEEE Standard for the Surge Parameters of Isolating Transformers used in Networking Devices and Equipment - Amendment 1: Addition of Saturated Core Secondary Winding Parameters. IEEE, 2017.
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11
Dependency Injection in .NET Core 2.0: Make use of constructors, parameters, setters, and interface injection to write reusable and loosely-coupled code. Packt Publishing - ebooks Account, 2017.
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12
Ospanova, S. M. ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES MANUFACTURING OF METAL STRUCTURES WITH CORE ELEMENTS. RS Global S. z O.O., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal/047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph analyzes various welded metal structures. The design of reinforcing cages of round, hot-rolled, cold-rolled, cold-flattened steel of periodic profile has been studied. During the welding process, the possibility of splashes has been established that affects the strength of the welded joint, and is associated with large energy losses. This phenomenon is accepted as an indicator of the quality of the welding process. The process of heating by contact welding of crossed round rods is described. It was found that the higher the current, the relatively later the limiting state sets in, the shorter the welding duration and the less the possibility of overheating the nearcontact region. Issues of rational technology of resistance welding of reinforced concrete reinforcement have been developed. The parameters of the mode of electric contact welding of crossing round rods are determined. The publication may be of interest to a wide range of readers interested in the problem of studying energy-saving technologies for the manufacture of metal structures with rod elements, including researchers, teachers and students of higher educational institutions in the field of energy conservation.
13
Dietrich, W. Dalton. Physiologic Modulators of Neural Injury After Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brain and spinal cord injury are leading causes of death and long-term disability, producing diverse burdens for the affected individuals, their families, and society. Such injuries, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal cord injury, have common patterns of neuronal cell vulnerability that are associated with a complex cascade of pathologic processes that trigger the propagation of tissue damage beyond the acute injury. Secondary injury mechanisms, including oxidative stress, edema formation, changes in cerebral blood flow and vessel reactivity, metabolic and blood–brain barrier disruption, and neuroinflammation, are therefore important therapeutic targets. Several key physiological parameters require monitoring and intensive management during various phases of treatment to ameliorate secondary injury mechanisms and potentially protect against further neuronal injury. This chapter reviews the core physiological targets in the management of brain and spinal cord injury and relates them to secondary injury mechanisms and outcomes.
14
Downing, Laura J., and Al Mtenje. Grammatical Tone Patterns of Negative and Relative Verbs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724742.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter takes up two additional parameters that condition grammatical tone in Chichewa, namely: negative polarity and relative clause type. There are fewer grammatical tone patterns for negative and relative verbs, compared to affirmative main clause verbs. The inflections that grouped together for the tone patterns discussed in Chapter 7 do not always group together for the corresponding negative and relative paradigms. The two core sections of the chapter illustrate in detail the tone patterns for negative and relative verbs. The concluding section of the chapter takes up the often neglected issue of where grammatical tone patterns are represented in the grammar.
15
Moore, Geoff. Implications for Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793441.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter builds on the understanding of organizations as practice-institution combinations which has been developed in earlier chapters to consider what the characteristics of a virtuous organization might be. It identifies seven such characteristics including that it will, through the excellence of its products or services and the ‘perfection’ of organizational members, contribute to the common good. Another key characteristic is that it will support the practice at its core, and in doing so it will seek to secure sufficient external goods to enable the institution to survive, and the core practice to flourish. Having established these characteristics, it explores a taxonomy of organizational-level virtues which might be required for an organization to be considered virtuous, and then explores the idea of organizational character, contrasting it with organizational culture. In order to ground this discussion, it then considers eight parameters which would enable the crowding in of virtue in organizations.
16
Craig, Edward. Gas Metal Arc & Flux Cored Welding Parameters: A Unique Approach to Parameters, Weld Quality and Weld Costs. Weldtrain, 1991.
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17
Ström, Erik G. Direct-sequence code-division multiple access systems: Near-far resistant parameter estimation and detection. 1994.
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18
Franklin, John C. Epicentric Tonality and the Greek Lyric Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794462.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents core evidence supporting the thesis that vestiges of the classical Mesopotamian tuning system, going back at least to the Old Babylonian period (c.2000–1600 BCE), can be detected in the earliest Greek material relating to the seven-stringed lyre—a standard configuration from Mycenaean times until the fifth century. Independent development is ruled out by the shared conceptual and practical emphasis on a middle string in both systems. Collation of the two sets of evidence permits reconstruction (mutatis mutandis) of several features of both a practical and conceptual nature. This material imposes a well-defined set of tonal parameters for analysing and imagining the music of Archaic poetry or later work that consciously maintained or alluded to those early conventions.
19
Sanchez, Ramon M. Germination and emergence of corn (Zea mays, L) as a function of soil physical parameters. 1988.
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20
Villalón, Leonardo A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198816959.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bringing together a wide diversity of authors based on three continents and from different disciplinary backgrounds, this book offers analyses of a wide range of factors that characterize and that are shaping the future of the African Sahel. In forty chapters, organized in nine sections, the book examines this complex and rapidly changing region on multiple dimensions. Collectively, the book attempts to offer an understanding of the specificity of the Sahel, and to examine its core characteristics as shaped by the geographic, cultural, and political parameters that define it. Following a series of chapters focused on the shaping of the Sahelian space as a region, six chapters explore the distinct national trajectories of the countries of the political Sahel: Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Chad. The extraordinary combination of environmental, economic, and political challenges, and the ways in which Sahelian states and societies have responded, are the primary focus of the three subsequent sections, while the various parameters of the lived realities of these societies in motion are explored in the four final sections of the book. Transversally throughout, the chapters aim to offer an interdisciplinary and holistic view of the challenges and the dynamics that are shaping a region at a historical crossroads, and an understanding of the many factors that feed and perpetuate its vulnerabilities and fragilities, as well as its sources of resilience.
21
Skupio, Rafał. Zastosowanie nieinwazyjnych pomiarów rdzeni wiertniczych do zwiększenia informacji na temat parametrów skał zbiornikowych. Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/pn2022.237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research carried out in the monograph aimed to create a measurement and interpretation system which is to obtain reliable results of well logging with the accuracy of laboratory measurements. Continuous core measurements allow for the generation of logging results without the impact of the borehole and facilitate the depth matching of the core to well log data. Four main chapters can be distinguished in this work: research methodology with a description of the devices used; partial results of core measurements made on various types of rocks; a proposal for a research system, and comprehensive data interpretation for selected boreholes. The methodological part concerned the description of the equipment for continuous measurements of cores in the field of natural gamma radioactivity (K, U, Th) with the application for bulk density measurements using the gamma-gamma method, X-ray fl uorescence spectrometers (XRF) for measuring the chemical composition of rocks and computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the core structure as well as determination of radiological density in Hounsfi eld units (HU). Rock studies were carried out on material representing formations of diff erent lithologies, such as shales, sandstones, limestones, dolomites, anhydrite, siltstones and heterolithic sandstone-siltstone-claystone complexes. The results of measurements made using individual methods have been described in detail and compared with the results of laboratory measurements and well logging data. Test measurements with data processing and interpretation were made on the cores from five boreholes (T-1, O-4, Pt-1, L-7, P-5H), whereas a comprehensive interpretation of the results was carried out for three other boreholes (J-1, P-4, T-2). The new methodology of spectral gamma measurements made it possible to obtain precise concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks with high and low radioactivity. The results made it possible to standardise the archival gamma-ray logs made with the Russian-type probes from imp/min to API standard units and to obtain data on the content of K, U, and Th in the core intervals. Using the Cs-137 source in the device for the gamma equipment made it possible to carry out measurements of the bulk density in g/cm3 units. The lithological interpretation based on XRF measurements and mineralogical-chemical models allowed to obtain logs with increased resolution and a more signifi cant number of minerals than was the case with the interpretation of the well logging. In addition, it has been shown that the XRF measurement methodology can be used during the geosteering procedure. The results of the core tests using the CT computed tomography method were presented in combined images and continuous curves of density in HU units. The experience and the presentation of the full scope of measurement and interpretation workflow allowed to propose a procedure for conducting a full range of analyses, considering various types of material provided for research. The procedure considers the full range of analyses as well as the measurements of selected parameters depending on the client’s needs. Keywords: petrophysics, core analyses, XRF spectrometry, computed tomography, gamma profiling, lithological interpretation
22
van der Wal, Jenneke. A Featural Typology of Bantu Agreement. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844280.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Bantu languages are in some sense remarkably uniform (subject, verb, order (SVO) basic word order, noun classes, verbal morphology), but this extensive language family also show a wealth of morphosyntactic variation. Two core areas in which such variation is attested are subject and object agreement. The book explores the variation in Bantu subject and object marking on the basis of data from 75 Bantu languages, discovering striking patterns (the Relation between Asymmetry and Non-Doubling Object Marking (RANDOM), and the Asymmetry Wants Single Object Marking (AWSOM) correlation), and providing a novel syntactic analysis. This analysis takes into account not just phi agreement, but also nominal licensing and information structure. A Person feature, associated with animacy, definiteness, or givenness, is shown to be responsible for differential object agreement, while at the same time accounting for doubling vs. non-doubling object marking—a hybrid solution to an age-old debate in Bantu comparative morphosyntax. It is furthermore proposed that low functional heads can Case-license flexibly downwards or upwards, depending on the relative topicality of the two arguments involved. This accounts for the properties of symmetric object marking in ditransitives (for Appl), and subject inversion constructions (for v). By keeping Agree constant and systematically determining which featural parameters are responsible for the attested variation, the proposed analysis argues for an emergentist view of features and parameters (following Biberauer 2018, 2019), and against both Strong Uniformity and Strong Modularity.
23
Pryce, Paula. Portico. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680589.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using evocative language, the book opens with a historical and contemporary exploration of the desire that motivates contemplative practitioners to seek an intimate relationship with the divine. It describes the effect of globalization and religious pluralism by noting a trend of Americans’ abandonment of mainline Christian institutions, their exploration of other contemplative traditions, and their subsequent return to Christianity when they discover its mystical history and current-day contemplative practices. The chapter describes core terms, concepts, research parameters, and basic sociological and historical information about the research community, a network of American monastic and non-monastic contemplative Christians who practice a meditation technique called Centering Prayer. Chapter 1 also introduces the terms apophatic and cataphatic to the ritual studies lexicon and offers a basic description of the novel ethnographic methodology that the author developed for research in silent communities.
24
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Evaluation of Parameters Influencing Jet Mixing Using the Wind Navier-Stokes Code. Independently Published, 2018.
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25
Smith, D. Gordon, Brian Broughman, and Christine Hurt, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Law and Entrepreneurship in the United States. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316771105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Law plays a key role in determining the level of entrepreneurial action in society. Legal rules seek to define property rights, facilitate private ordering, and impose liability for legal wrongs, thereby attempting to establish conditions under which individuals may act. These rules also channel the development of technology, regulate information flows, and determine parameters of competition. Depending on their structure and implementation, legal rules can also discourage individuals from acting. It is thus crucial to determine which legal rules and institutions best enable entrepreneurs, whose core function is to challenge incumbency. This volume assembles legal experts from diverse fields to examine the role of law in facilitating or impeding entrepreneurial action. Contributors explore issues arising in current policy debates, including the incentive effect of legal rules on startup activity; the role of law in promoting or foreclosing market entry; and the effect of entrepreneurial action on legal doctrine.
26
Abraham, Sunil. Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on India’s policies and practices regarding systematic government access to private-sector data. India does not have many laws that explicitly prescribe or prohibit systematic government access to private-sector data apart from provisions in laws such as the Information Technology Act, Anti-Money Laundering Act, and Epidemic Diseases Act. Nevertheless, the appetite in some parts of the government for systematic access appears to be growing. In February 2012, the Intelligence Bureau wrote to the Department of Telecom demanding that telecom operators and ISPs cooperate to enable comprehensive real-time tracking of Internet usage on mobile phones. This included the establishment of a core group “for finalisation of Internet Protocol Detail Record (IPDR) for Internet and GPRS service, and standardisation of parameters that will have to be stored by mobile phone companies….” The chapter also discusses proposals for the NATGRID and the Comprehensive Monitoring System.
27
J, Georgiadis Nicholas, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. An evaluation of parameters influencing jet mixing using the WIND Navier-Stokes Code. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.
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28
Sayliss, Lesley. The effect of immersion on the respiratory parameters of individuals with a cervical cord injury. UEL, 1995.
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29
Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley, and Fiona P. Gaughran. Physical Health and Schizophrenia (Oxford Psychiatry Library). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The association between mental health and physical health forms the core of this book. While it is recognized that serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia carry a reduced life expectancy, it is often assumed that suicide is the main cause of this disparity. But in actuality, suicide accounts for no more than a third of the early mortality associated with schizophrenia: the vast majority is due to cardiovascular factors. This book seeks to put this stark fact in context, detailing the extent of cardiovascular risk, sharing information regarding reasons for this excess, and outlining approved approaches for screening for and treatment of such risk factors in people with schizophrenia. As such, this book seeks to inform those caring for people with schizophrenia of these parameters and suggests ways in which they may be addressed, using a holistic model which embraces shared decision-making and which is compatible with the recovery framework. It provides guidance regarding monitoring as well as information about focused interventions that can help ameliorate risk. It also addresses those physical health factors apart from cardiovascular, that add to the burden of ill health amongst people with schizophrenia: pulmonary health, bone health, sexual health, and cancer risk are just some of these. In addition, the book provides patient and carer information material that can be used to try to ensure that all involved have a truly informed role in decision-making about their treatment and that both psychiatric and physical health issues are taken seriously.
30
Vurgaftman, Igor, Matthew P. Lumb, and Jerry R. Meyer. Bands and Photons in III-V Semiconductor Quantum Structures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767275.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Semiconductor quantum structures are at the core of many photonic devices such as lasers, photodetectors, solar cells etc. To appreciate why they are such a good fit to these devices, we must understand the basic features of their band structure and how they interact with incident light. This book takes the reader from the very basics of III-V semiconductors (some preparation in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism is helpful) and shows how seemingly obscure results such as detailed forms of the Hamiltonian, optical transition strengths, and recombination mechanisms follow. The reader does not need to consult other references to fully understand the material, although a few handpicked sources are listed for those who would like to deepen their knowledge further. Connections to the properties of novel materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are pointed out, to help prepare the reader for contributing at the forefront of research. The book also supplies a complete, up-to-date database of the band parameters that enter into the calculations, along with tables of optical constants and interpolation schemes for alloys. From these foundations, the book goes on to derive the characteristics of photonic semiconductor devices (with a focus on the mid-infrared) using the same principles of building all concepts from the ground up, explaining all derivations in detail, giving quantitative examples, and laying out dimensional arguments whenever they can help the reader’s understanding. A substantial fraction of the material in this book has not appeared in print anywhere else, including journal publications.
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Lambourn, Elizabeth, ed. A Cultural History of the Sea in the Medieval Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cultural history of the sea during the Middle Ages is a young and dynamic field. Born only recently in the literary criticism of European sources, this innovative volume pushes out beyond this European heartland to explore the shape and potential of a cultural history of the sea constructed also from global literatures and oral traditions, and from material things. The chapters in this volume bring together the perspectives and expertise of archaeologists, historians and literary historians with a core focus on Afro-Eurasia and its encircling seas. Topics explored include: the evolving visual representation of the seas in Europe, the Islamic world and the Far East; the development of navigation technologies in the seas around Afro-Eurasia; imaginative projections of the sea in cultures ranging from Maori Aotearoa to Europe; a history of maritime and riverine trade networks across medieval Afro-Eurasia and two novel comparative studies, of islands and shores in Mediterranean and Indian Ocean history, and of the archaeology of fishing and fish eating in the North Atlantic and Swahili worlds. This volume does not pretend to offer a definitive answer to how a more global cultural history of the sea should be written; it offers not ‘The’ but ‘A’ Cultural History of the Sea for the period between 800 and 1450 CE, shaped as much by the parameters of the series itself as by the vision, curiosity and expertise of its editor and individual contributors. In so doing this volume hopes to open fresh dialogues amongst cultural historians of the sea and bring new ideas and questions to the greater numbers of non-specialists just now venturing into this field.
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Mattissen, Johanna. Sub-Types of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The structural heterogeneity of polysynthetic languages is captured by a sublassification of allegedly polysynthetic languages according to their word-formational type (number of roots allowed in a verb form), namely, compositional, transitional, or affixal, and their internal organization (template vs. scope or both). Further parameters show correlations to these independent ones: the number of participants encoded on a verb, the imaginable evolutionary path via which the structure has come about, namely layering (“onion type”), internal expansion (“sandwich type”) or coalescence (“burdock type”), and the characteristic design of a complex verb form: Grammatical category accumulation (integration of non-obligatory, rather grammatical information); ping-pong recategorization (multiple verbalization and nominalization); productive in/excorporation; dependent-head synthesis; multiple packing (integration of rather lexical information); holophrasis (all wordforms being predicates—or particles); composite-stem layout (composite root-like morphemes, unitary concept); and building-block design (multiple classifer-like morphemes make up a wordform). The classification along these parameters reconciles conflicting approaches to polysynthesis.
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St John, Taylor. Supranational Agenda-Setting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter four sets out the context in which the World Bank proposed ICSID and analyzes the Bank’s motivation, resources, and strategy in doing so. World Bank officials had extensive access to privileged information about how governments perceived the proposals for multilateral insurance or a code. World Bank officials chose to set the agenda away from a code or insurance agency and toward arbitration. As they drafted the ICSID Convention, World Bank officials acted within parameters they believed national officials (who could stop their plans) would find acceptable and tailored their Draft Convention to be amenable to the widest possible swath of member states. Bank officials were concerned that distributional disagreements would derail the proposal, so they designed an entirely new, consultative procedure in order to make it nearly impossible for states to derail the drafting process.
34
Hu, Xuhui. Encoding Events. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book presents theoretical and empirical research on the syntax of events within the broader framework of generative grammar. A central theoretical concern is how conceptual meaning interacts with narrow syntactic computation in the derivation of the information of an event. A set of Integration Conditions are proposed. Building on the Conceptual-Intentional Interface Conditions proposed in Chomsky’s (1995, 2000, 2001) Minimalist Programme, the Integration Conditions require that the content of the predicate be licensed by theta-role information generated by narrow syntax. Another theoretical component concerns the functional structure of events, which is related to such issues as the parallel between the event and nominal domains, the mapping of a predicate onto an entity, as well as the grammatical foundation of verb classification. The theoretical framework is applied in three areas: (1) the syntax of resultatives in English and Chinese, which exhibits how a theory of the syntax of events can address the thematic relationship between core arguments and predicates; (2) variation of resultatives at cross-linguistic and diachronic levels, which shows how the universal functional structure of events can be compatible with, and even contribute to, the theory of parametric variation in the generative tradition; and (3) applicative constructions, which extend the analysis of core arguments to non-core arguments, and shed light on the typology of verb/satellite-framed languages (Talmy 1991, 2000) and the analyticity parameter proposed in Huang (2015).
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Advanced Monte Carlo methods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter describes the ways in which the Monte Carlo importance sampling method may be adapted to improve the calculation of ensemble averages, particularly those associated with free energy differences. These approaches include umbrella sampling, non-Boltzmann sampling, the Wang–Landau method, and nested sampling. In addition, a range of special techniques have been developed to accelerate the simulation of flexible molecules, such as polymers. These approaches are illustrated with scientific examples and program code. The chapter also explains the analysis of such simulations using techniques such as weighted histograms, and acceptance ratio calculations. Practical advice on selection of methods, parameters, and the direction in which to make comparisons, are given. Monte Carlo methods for modelling phase equilibria and chemical reactions at equilibrium are described.
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Analayo, Bhikkhu. Bhikṣuṇī Ordination. Редактори Daniel Cozort та James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the legal details surrounding the full ordination of women into the Buddhist monastic traditions. These legal details need be appreciated in order to understand difficulties involved in current attempts to revive an order of female monastics, bhikṣuṇīs, where it has come to be extinct. The chapter begins with the account of the foundation of the bhikṣuṇī order in the way this is found in the Dharmaguptaka, Mūlasarvāstivāda, and Theravāda Vinayas. Next it surveys the legal parameters that emerge from one of these gurudharmas, which concerns bhikṣuṇī ordination, and how according to these three Vinayas subsequent ordinations were carried out. Then it turns to the transmission of the bhikṣuṇī ordination lineage until modern times to set the frame for appreciating the present situation.
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Molecular dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter introduces the classical equations of motion for a system of molecules, and describes their solution by stable, accurate, time-stepping algorithms. Simple atomic systems, rigid molecules, and flexible molecules with and without constraints, are treated, with examples of program code. Quaternions are introduced as useful parameters for solving the rigid-body equations of motion of molecules. A simple example of a multiple timestep algorithm is given, and there is a brief summary of event-driven (hard-particle) dynamics. Examples of constant-temperature molecular dynamics using stochastic and deterministic methods are presented, and the corresponding constant-pressure molecular dynamics methods for fixed and variable box-shape are described. The molecular dynamics method is extended to the treatment of polarizable systems, and dynamical simulation of the grand canonical ensemble is mentioned.
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Talbot, Christine. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038082.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Mormon question. In the 1830s, a young American named Joseph Smith founded a new religion that would come to be called The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—commonly known as the Mormons. As the Church developed, the practice of plural marriage became central to Mormon theology. Polygamy generated decades of cultural conflict that contemporaries broadly referred to as “the Mormon question.” The conflict was more than a simple condemnation of sexual and marital practices unacceptable to Victorian norms. Rather, it was a contest over the very meaning of Americanness. The Mormon question then generated national discussions about gender, family, and the nature of citizenship that would define the parameters of membership in the late-nineteenth-century American body politic.
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Harmen van der, Wilt. Part II The Relationship to Domestic Jurisdictions, 9 Self-Referrals as an Indication of the Inability of States to Cope with Non-State Actors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Self-referrals have been one of the trademarks of early complementarity practice of the ICC. What they all have in common is that governments contend that they are unable to conduct fair and effective criminal proceedings against non-state actors over whom they do not wield control, and therefore seek the assistance of the ICC. This chapter investigates how the ICC has reacted to these claims of inability, and demonstrates that the ICC has largely side-stepped the issue by holding that a state’s inactivity renders a situation admissible and precludes any assessment of its unwillingness or inability. The ICC provided more clarity on inability and its parameters in a decision on Libya’s challenge to the Court’s jurisdiction, but the tools of the ICC to move against non-state actors remain defective-at least outside the scope of armed conflicts. This invites a reconsideration of substantive parts of the Rome Statute (e.g. in relation to terrorism).
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Mackay, Ronnie, and Warren Brookbanks. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.003.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This concluding chapter offers a synthesis of the law around fitness to stand trial drawn from the different jurisdictions surveyed in the book. While individual jurisdictions have crafted their own solutions to questions of definition, procedure, and disposition, a range of specific issues have come to the fore requiring further analysis and resolution. These include the permissibility or otherwise of compulsorily medicating incapacitated defendants to restore competence, the desirability of disaggregating the unitary test for fitness, the movement from cognition to decision-making capacity as the focus of unfitness, the utility of the decisional competence construct, and the parameters of effective participation. While no single jurisdiction offers an entirely satisfactory way of dealing with the unfit to plead, what the differing approaches show is how important it is to endeavour to find approaches to the problems in the law and procedure in this complex area.
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Cleveland, Jeanette N., Lynn M. Shore, Kemol Anderson, Lena-Alyeska Huebner, and Diana Sanchez. Moving Forward from Inequality and Discrimination. Edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses diversity and diversity management within the United States and globally and presents the historical underpinnings of the systematic efforts to increase heterogeneity at the workplace. Starting with social exclusion, the authors describe the historical approaches to addressing the challenges that come with increasing diversity, including governmental endeavors, human resource management, diversity management, and inclusion. In addition, developments in other parts of the world such as Europe and Asia are compared, elaborating on the cultural differences that contribute to these variations. The chapter offers a brief review of the evolving definitions of discrimination and diversity management as well as the emerging group- and macro-level theories of diversity in the literature. Next, the parameters of a diverse and inclusive work environment are articulated along with how an ideal diverse inclusive workplace might be conceptualized. Finally, the authors provide a preliminary outline of steps to achieving this ultimate goal.
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Rau, Jochen. Constructing the State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The limited data available about a macroscopic system may come in various forms: sharp constraints, expectation values, or control parameters. While these data impose constraints on the state, they do not specify it uniquely; a further principle—the maximum entropy principle—must be invoked to construct it. This chapter discusses basic notions of information theory and why entropy may be regarded as a measure of ignorance. It shows how the state—called a Gibbs state—is constructed using the maximum entropy principle, and elucidates its generic properties, which are conveniently summarized in a thermodynamic square. The chapter further discusses the second law and how it is linked to the reproducibility of macroscopic processes. It introduces the concepts of equilibrium and temperature, as well as pressure and chemical potential. Finally, this chapter considers statistical fluctuations of the energy and of other observables in case these are given as expectation values.
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Montalti, Morris. Orientamento sessuale e costituzione decostruita. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Attraverso l’analisi critica e dialettica del dibattito costituzionale più recente in tema di orientamento sessuale, l’autore analizza i principi ritenuti fondamentali per la costruzione di una società democratica e aperta a stili di vita differenti. Egli dimostra come le argomentazioni legali siano pesantemente condizionate dalla pressione di tabù sessuali, di paradigmi culturali sessisti, di tradizioni radicate che assurgono al ruolo di veri e propri miti sociali. Da più parti continuano infatti a sostenersi visioni discriminatorie (socialmente costruite) soprattutto in tema di rapporti sessuali consentiti, famiglia, matrimonio, filiazione, e spesso ci è possibile grazie all'utilizzo di contestate – e pur tuttavia diffuse – prassi d’interpretazione costituzionale che, secondo logiche solo in apparenza coerenti e razionali, considerano la tradizione o la storia come parametro normativo ultimo di definizione dei limiti dei diritti fondamentali e/o dell’ammissibilità di nuovi diritti, così ostacolando l’emersione di un vero e proprio diritto fondamentale al libero orientamento sessuale. L’obiettivo della ricerca è duplice e circolare: da un lato si vuole offrire un fondamento logico, razionale e convincente capace di giustificare le politiche pubbliche e costituzionali che salvaguardano le minoranze sessuali stigmatizzate e storicamente discriminate. Dall'altro si vuole dimostrare come le valutazioni interpretative e il diritto delle società aperte al nuovo e al diverso influenzino le credenze di persone appartenenti a culture chiuse e tradizionaliste in merito agli orientamenti sessuali considerati come anormali, o immorali, o comunque devianti, affinché i loro rispettivi sistemi possano sostenere, anche emotivamente, la ragionevolezza e desiderabilità del cambiamento politico e costituzionale. Un processo duplice e circolare, dunque, che gradatamente anela all'affermazione di un paradigma normativo "sessualmente" decostruito e garantista per tutti.
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Jiang, Tao. Origins of Moral-Political Philosophy in Early China. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197603475.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book offers a new narrative and interpretative framework about the origins of moral-political philosophy that tracks how the three core values—humaneness, justice, and personal freedom—were formulated, reformulated, and contested by early Chinese philosophers in their effort to negotiate the relationship among three distinct domains, the personal, the familial, and the political. Such efforts took place as those thinkers were reimagining a new moral-political order, debating its guiding norms, and exploring possible sources within the context of an evolving understanding of Heaven and its relationship with humans. It makes three key points. First, the central intellectual challenge during the Chinese classical period was how to negotiate the relationships between the personal, the familial, and the political domains (or between the private and the public) when philosophers were reimagining and reconceptualizing a new moral-political order, due to the collapse of the old order. Second, the competing visions can be characterized as a contestation between partialist humaneness and impartialist justice as the guiding norm for the newly imagined moral-political order, with the Confucians, the Mohists, the Laoists, and the so-called fajia thinkers being the major participants, constituting the mainstream intellectual project during this period. Third, Zhuangzi and the Zhuangists were the outliers of the mainstream moral-political debate who rejected the very parameter of humaneness versus justice in the mainstream discourse. Zhuangzi and the Zhuangists were a lone voice advocating personal freedom. For them, the mainstream debate about humaneness and justice was intellectually banal, morally misguided, and politically dangerous.
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Rahilly, Elizabeth. Trans-Affirmative Parenting. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479820559.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a world that is responding to ever-changing ideas and expressions of gender, this book adds new insights on transgender children and the parents who support them. Drawing on in-depth interview data with more than fifty parents, the book examines parents’ shifting understandings of their children’s gender and how they come to help their children make sense of their identities and their bodies. Throughout these processes, the book shows that parents’ meaning-making and decision-making often challenge LGBT rights discourses, as well as queer political tenets, in unexpected ways. These dynamics surface in three key areas: (1) gender and sexuality, (2) the gender binary, and (3) the body. Throughout parents’ understandings, gender identity and sexual orientation do not always present as radically separate aspects of the self, but are more fluid and open to reconsideration, given new cultural contexts, opportunities, and phases of the life course. And despite increasing cultural visibility around nonbinary identities, “gender-expansive” child-rearing often looks, fundamentally, very binary and gender-stereotypical, per the children’s own assertions and expressions. Lastly, parents often utilize highly medicalized understandings of transgender embodiment, which nevertheless resonate with some children’s sensibilities. Altogether, these families depart from conventional understandings of gender, sexuality, and the binary, but in ways that prioritize child-centered shifts, meanings, and parenting models, not necessarily LGBTQ politics or paradigms. This marks new ground for understanding the mechanisms and parameters of the (trans)gender change afoot.
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Caianiello, Michele. Premesse per una teoria del pregiudizio effettivo. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Si può muovere una critica al metodo tradizionale di concepire le invalidità degli atti nel processo penale, così fermamente improntato alla legalità formale: esso non sembra più in grado di rappresentare efficacemente la realtà. La tradizione culturale dominante, in questo settore, appare sempre più lontana sia dal raffigurare il fenomeno, sia dall’instradarne idealmente lo sviluppo, a tal punto che vien da chiedersi se non sia il caso di cercare nuovi paradigmi di riferimento. La ricerca qui condotta si concentra sul tema del pregiudizio effettivo, per verificare se e come sia possibile adottare, nel sistema italiano, un simile parametro quando ci si appresti a stabilire se un atto processuale sia invalido. L’operazione appare a prima vista delicata, e aperta a forti critiche, aprendo il varco a modelli, sistemi di ragionamento e approcci distanti da quelli che fanno parte della nostra tradizione culturale. Si potrebbe sostenere, in senso radicalmente contrario, che compito della dottrina sia principalmente riaffermare i principi e metodi consolidati, senza accettare compromessi – spesso discutibili sul piano sistematico – con le evoluzioni proposte dalla casistica. Il rischio, tuttavia, e quello di finire per subire una trasformazione epocale invece di provare a governarla. Se non si vuole accettare d’esser relegati al solo ruolo di passiva testimonianza, occorre dunque provare a interferire con i mutamenti in atto, cercando di innestarvi razionalità: del resto, questa dovrebbe essere, da sempre, la ragione fondativa della dottrina, nell’ambito delle scienze sociali.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Superfluidity and Superconductivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 13 addresses Bose condensation in superfluids (and superconductors), which involves the field operator ψ having a c-number component (<ψ(x,t)>≠0), challenging number conservation. The nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived for this condensate wave function<ψ>=ψ−ψ˜, facilitating identification of the coherence length and the core region of vortex motion. The noncondensate Green’s function G˜1(1,1′)=−i<(ψ˜(1)ψ˜+(1′))+> and the nonvanishing anomalous correlation function F˜∗(2,1′)=−i<(ψ˜+(2)ψ˜+(1′))+> describe the dynamics and elementary excitations of the non-condensate states and are discussed in conjunction with Landau’s criterion for viscosity. Associated concepts of off-diagonal long-range order and the interpretation of <ψ> as a superfluid order parameter are also introduced. Anderson’s Bose-condensed state, as a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of number states, resolves issues of number conservation. Superconductivity involves bound Cooper pairs of electrons capable of Bose condensation and superfluid behavior. Correspondingly, the two-particle Green’s function has a term involving a product of anomalous bound-Cooper-pair condensate wave functions of the type F(1,2)=−i<(ψ(1)ψ(2))+>≠0, such that G2(1,2;1′,2′)=F(1,2)F+(1′,2′)+G˜2(1,2;1′,2′). Here, G˜2 describes the dynamics/excitations of the non-superfluid-condensate states, while nonvanishing F,F+ represent a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of Cooper-pair number states and off-diagonal long range order. Employing this form of G2 in the G1-equation couples the condensed state with the non-condensate excitations. Taken jointly with the dynamical equation for F(1,2), this leads to the Gorkov equations, encompassing the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) energy gap, critical temperature, and Bogoliubov-de Gennes eigenfunction Bogoliubons. Superconductor thermodynamics and critical magnetic field are discussed. For a weak magnetic field, the Gorkov-equations lead to Ginzburg–Landau theory and a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation for the pair wave function and the associated supercurrent, along with identification of the Cooper pair density. Furthermore, Chapter 13 addresses the apparent lack of gauge invariance of London theory with an elegant variational analysis involving re-gauging the potentials, yielding a manifestly gauge invariant generalization of the London equation. Consistency with the equation of continuity implies the existence of Anderson’s acoustic normal mode, which is supplanted by the plasmon for Coulomb interaction. Type II superconductors and the penetration (and interaction) of quantized magnetic flux lines are also discussed. Finally, Chapter 13 addresses Josephson tunneling between superconductors.