Статті в журналах: "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

1

Xie, Zhong, Jinpei Hei, Lei Cheng, Jing Li, Xiaojie Yin, and Sugang Meng. "Influence of Cu/Al Ratio on the Performance of Carbon-Supported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol." Catalysts 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13050800.

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CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was conducted using a set of activated carbon-supported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts (CCZA) prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation approach. The effect of the Cu/Al ratio on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts, as well as their catalytic performance, were investigated. As Cu/Al ratio increased, the metallic Cu surface area displayed a reducing trend from 6.88 to 4.18 m2∙gcat−1, while the CO2 adsorption capacity exhibited an increasing trend. Meanwhile, aluminum content will have an important effect on the catalysts’ reducibility and, thus, on their catalytic performance. The CCZA-2.7-de catalyst demonstrated the highest selectivity to methanol at 83.75% due to the excellent distribution and synergistic effect of copper and zinc. Although the CO2 conversion of CCZA-2.2-de and CCZA-3.5-de exceeded 10%, the CH3OH selectivity was less than 60%, which may be attributed to the larger particle sizes of ZnO and poor interactions in Cu–Zn. The present study offers a novel approach to increase the number of active sites, optimize the activated carbon-aided Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst’s composition, and finally elucidate the mechanism for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.

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2

Krasnobaeva, O. N., V. P. Danilov, T. A. Nosova, E. V. Bazhenova, and E. Yu Georgievskaya. "ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Aluminum, Copper Aluminum, and Zinc Copper Aluminum Hydroxo Salts with a Layered Hydrotalcite-Type Structure." ChemInform 30, no. 31 (June 14, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199931024.

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3

Duma, Zama G., Xoliswa Dyosiba, John Moma, Henrietta W. Langmi, Benoit Louis, Ksenia Parkhomenko, and Nicholas M. Musyoka. "Thermocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol Using Cu-ZnO Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks." Catalysts 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040401.

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The thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is considered as a potential route for green hydrogen storage as well as a mean for utilizing captured CO2, owing to the many established applications of methanol. Copper–zinc bimetallic catalysts supported on a zirconium-based UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) were prepared via slurry phase impregnation and benchmarked against the promoted, co-precipitated, conventional ternary CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. A decrease in crystallinity and specific surface area of the UiO-66 support was observed using X-ray diffraction and N2-sorption isotherms, whereas hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of copper active sites after impregnation and thermal activation. Other characterisation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to assess the physicochemical properties of the resulting catalysts. The UiO-66 (Zr) MOF-supported catalyst exhibited a good CO2 conversion of 27 and 16% selectivity towards methanol, whereas the magnesium-promoted CZA catalyst had a CO2 conversion of 31% and methanol selectivity of 24%. The prepared catalysts performed similarly to a CZA commercial catalyst which exhibited a CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity of 30 and 15%. The study demonstrates the prospective use of Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts supported on MOFs for direct CO2 hydrogenation to produce green methanol.

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4

Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 2 (April 17, 2007): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9025-x.

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5

Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 31, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9620-0.

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6

Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Mg-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Magnesium-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 2 (April 26, 2007): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9032-y.

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7

Li, Bin, Jiancheng Li, Rui Liu, Hongping Zhu, and Herbert W. Roesky. "Facile Route to Rare Heterobimetallic Aluminum–Copper and Aluminum–Zinc Selenide Clusters." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 6 (March 7, 2017): 3136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00012.

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8

Комарова, М. В., and А. Г. Вакутин. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF UDP METALS WITH PRODUCTS OF THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TETRAZOLE BINDER." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(40) (December 20, 2021): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.40.6.041.

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В статье приводятся экспериментальные исследования ультрадисперсных металлических порошков алюминия, меди, железа, вольфрама, титана, цинка, никеля, сплавов меди с алюминием, меди с железом и латуни. Описаны термические свойства их смесей с метилполивинилтетразолом, пластифицированным динитратпропиленгликолем; указаны численные величины значимых характеристик.Результаты исследования показали, что существенное количество тепла выделяется при нагреве порошков алюминия, цинка, титана и железа; при нагреве смесей со связующим, наилучшие результаты соответствуют сплаву меди с железом, алюминию и сплаву меди с алюминием. The article presents experimental studies of ultrafine metal powders of aluminum, copper, iron, tungsten, titanium, zinc, nickel, alloys of copper with aluminum, copper with iron and brass. The thermal properties of their mixtures with methyl polyvinyl tetrazole and plasticized propylenglycoldinitrate are described; numerical values of significant characteristics are indicated.The results of the study showed that a significant amount of heat is released when heating aluminum, zinc, titanium and iron powders; when heating mixtures with a binder, the best results correspond to an alloy of copper with iron, aluminum and an alloy of copper with aluminum.

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9

Fridlyander, I. N. "High-Strength Aluminum Alloys with Zinc, Magnesium, and Copper." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 45, no. 9/10 (September 2003): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:msat.0000009777.50737.71.

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10

Kolenak, Roman, Igor Kostolny, Jaromir Drapala, Paulina Babincova, and Martin Sahul. "Characterizing the Soldering Alloy Type Zn–Al–Cu and Study of Ultrasonic Soldering of Al7075/Cu Combination." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010027.

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The aim of the research was to characterize the soldering alloy type Zn–Al–Cu and study the fluxless ultrasonic soldering of the combination of aluminum alloy type Al7075 with copper substrate. The Zn–Al–Cu solder is of the close-to-eutectic type with two phase transformations: the eutectic transformation at 378 °C and the eutectoid transformation at 285 °C. The solder microstructure is formed of a matrix composed of the solid solutions of aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) in which the copper phases CuZn4 and CuAl2 are precipitated. The shear strength of the soldering alloy type Zn5Al with copper addition reaches values from 167 to 187 MPa and it depends on the copper content in the solder. The bond with aluminum alloy type Al7075 is formed due to the solubility of Al in zinc solder at the formation of solid solution Al. Contrary to this observation, the bond with the copper substrate is in this case formed due to the interaction of zinc and aluminum with the copper substrate. Two new intermetallic phases, namely Al(Cu,Zn)2 and Cu3.2Zn0.7Al4.2, were formed. The average shear strength of Al7075/Zn5Al3Cu/Cu joints attained was 134.5 MPa. For comparison, the Cu/Zn5Al3Cu/Cu joint attained an average shear strength of 136.5 MPa.

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11

Garanin, Roman, and Igor Lykov. "Biosorption of zinc and copper ions by immobilized yeast under aerobic and anaerobic conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454802004.

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Studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of biosorption of zinc and copper ions by brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on alginates. The studies were carried out under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using calcium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum alginates. Under aerobic conditions, when live yeast was immobilized in calcium alginate, the concentration of zinc ions in an aqueous solution decreased within 2 hours by 99.76%, and copper ions by 91.7%. Biosorbents based on a mixture of calcium and magnesium alginates work less effectively (reducing the concentration of zinc ions by 99.3%, and copper ions by 75.8%). Under anaerobic conditions, a biosorbent based on calcium alginate decreased its efficiency in the presence of zinc ions by 0.8%, and that based on aluminum alginate - by 5.4%. In the presence of copper ions, the biosorption efficiency under anaerobic conditions decreased by 2.1%–9.9%, depending on the alginate. This work demonstrates the potential of the brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a calcium alginate-based biosorbent.

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12

Mohammad Salim, Haydar A., Hasan Ramadhan Abdo, Faris Jameel Buni, Idrees Majeed Kareem, Mothanna Abdula Najeeb, and Bafreen Ahmad Hussen. "Estimation and Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metals of Some Well Water in Zakho City, Iraq." Science Journal of University of Zakho 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/2017.5.2.369.

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This study was carried out to examine the concentrations of major heavy metals in fifteen different well water in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The studied heavy metals were iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc and lead. The results obtained in the studied area showed that copper, chromium, cobalt, zinc, manganese, aluminum, iron and lead were within the acceptable limits as recommended by WHO for water drinking. However, in all studied areas, cadmium and nickel were mostly founded to exceed the maximum permissible limit set by WHO. It is found that zinc and copper possess a very good positive correlation between each other. The results obtained in this study confirmed the groundwater pollution and hence it is not suitable for consumption without any prior treatment.

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13

Nako, Adi E., Qian Wen Tan, Andrew J. P. White та Mark R. Crimmin. "Weakly Coordinated Zinc and Aluminum σ-Complexes of Copper(I)". Organometallics 33, № 11 (29 травня 2014): 2685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om500380k.

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14

Lakshmi Reddy, S., T. Ravindra Reddy, Nivya Roy, Reji Philip, Ovidio Almanza Montero, Tamio Endo, and Ray L. Frost. "Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of copper zinc aluminum nanoferrite particles." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 127 (June 2014): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.026.

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15

Oravcová, Kristína, and Vladimír Danielik. "Corrosion of metals in zinc nitrate hexahydrate and calcium chloride hexahydrate." Acta Chimica Slovaca 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2018-0008.

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Abstract Materials used for heat accumulation are substances with the phase change at temperatures below 80 °C. In such substances, a high amount of energy can be stored due the phase change. Because of possible corrosion of the heat container components, it is necessary to know their resistance in the given medium. In this work, the corrosion of aluminum, copper and carbon steel was studied in two liquid media: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and calcium chloride hexahydrate. Corrosion tests have shown that steel is the least resistant to corrosion in both media. Aluminum has been proved as the most durable material in zinc nitrate hexahydrate media. On the other hand, pitting corrosion on aluminum occurred in the calcium chloride hexahydrate making it unsuitable for the use in this media. From the comparison of two studied PCMs follows that zinc nitrate hexahydrate is a more aggressive medium in comparison with calcium chloride hexahydrate. From the point of view of corrosion, zinc nitrate hexahydrate is not suitable for heat accumulation when using the studied metals. When using the calcium chloride hexahydrate as PCM, copper is suitable as a construction material; aluminum and carbon steel show pitting corrosion.

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16

Chen, Ping-Hang, Wen-Jauh Chen, and Jiun-Yi Tseng. "Thermal Stability of the Copper and the AZO Layer on Textured Silicon." Coatings 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121546.

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Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film is the most widely used front electrode in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. A copper metallization scheme can be applied to the SHJ process. The abundance of zinc in the earth’s crust makes aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) an attractive low-cost substitute for indium-based TCOs. No work has focused on the properties of the copper and AZO layers on the textured silicon for solar cells. This work deposited an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer and copper metal layer on textured (001) silicon by a sputtering to form Cu/AZO/Si stacks. The structures of Cu/AZO/Si are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the copper thin film detached from AZO in the valley of the textured silicon substrate at a temperature of 400 °C. Additionally, the gap between the copper and AZO layers increases as temperature increases, and the 65 nm thickness AZO layer was found to be preserved up to 800 °C.

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17

Wang, Chong Bi, Xiao Dong Kong, and Zhi Qiang Tian. "Evaluation of the Protection Effect on Copper with Different Sacrificial Anodes." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.579.

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Sacrificial anodes performance of three iron alloys was measured by constant current test, The protection effects of iron alloys, zinc alloy and aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes on copper tube were compared and analysed by polarization test. The results show that all three iron alloys appearing well sacrificial anodes performance, with steady working potential, high practical electric capacity and current efficiency, the corrosion is uniform and the corrosion products fall easily. Iron alloys are more suitable for application on the cathodic protection of copper tube due to their more suitable driving voltage and coulpling current compared with zinc alloy and aluminum alloy.

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18

Fujii, I., K. Tsuchiya, Y. Shikakura, and M. S. Murthy. "Consideration on Thermal Decomposition of Calcium Hydroxide Pellets for Energy Storage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268314.

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The reversible chemical reaction of Ca(OH)2/CaO appears to be attractive for storage of solar thermal energy, in view of the nonpolluting and nontoxic nature of the reactants. This paper presents some data on thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide pellets along with its additives of aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, zinc, and copper. The addition of aluminum and zinc powder enhanced the rate of decomposition considerably at 450° C, but copper had no effect. Considerations on the effect of additives are also discussed in some detail, though their effects are not established with certainty. There is some evidence that heat transfer into the pellet, and the number of potential nucleation sites due to thermal stresses, influence the kinetics and mechanism of decomposition.

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19

Iwaszczuk, Natalia, Agata Wzorek, and Bartosz Łamasz. "Relationship between Copper Price and Selected Metals Prices." Key Engineering Materials 682 (February 2016): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.682.336.

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This paper focuses on the factors that influence the changes in copper prices. A brief review of the literature showed several areas of interests of researchers, such as global economic situation and development of Asian countries. This paper draws attention to concurrent price trends, some pairs of raw materials (e.g. copper – aluminum, copper – silver, even copper – palladium). This paper uses multiple regression model containing monthly data spanning from January 2012 to June 2015, which consist of 42 observations for metals: copper, zinc, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum and palladium. And it shows a strong relationship between the prices of copper and other metals.

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20

Tista, Si Putu Gede Gunawan, I. Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa, Made Ricki Murti, Putu Wijaya Sunu, and Wardoyo Wardoyo. "Utilization of coconut shell activated carbon to generate electrical energy using sodium chloride electrolyte." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 19, 2024): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003281.

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Fossil fuels that are used to generate electrical energy are running low. Besides that, energy generated from fossil fuels causes global warming and climate change due to gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, leading to a greenhouse effect. In addition, the development of small electronic devices has created power demands, from initially in milli watt (mW), to microwatt (μW) level for wireless sensor networks, which generally use batteries as a power supply. Therefore, environmentally friendly and renewable materials like coconut shells are needed to generate electrical energy. This research aims to generate electrical energy from a model using coconut shell activated carbon with sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolyte. The electrical energy generation model is composed of counter electrode–electrode–counter electrode. The electrode used was coconut shell–activated carbon. Three counter electrodes were used: aluminum, zinc and copper plates. The electrolyte used was sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The electrolyte was injected between the electrode and the counter electrode, and heat was applied. When the electrolyte was injected into the electrical energy generation model, interaction occurred between the ions from the electrolyte and the functional groups, the pores of the activated carbon, and the counter electrode, and then electrons were released. The research results show that the voltage produced due to an increase in temperature up to ΔT=54 °C, is 0.875 volts for aluminum, 0.767 volts for zinc and 0.091 volts for copper. The average thermal voltage sensitivity (dV/dT) for aluminum is 68.99297 mV/°C, while that for zinc is 61.34319 mV/°C, and copper is 7.02533 mV/°C. The currents produced by aluminum, zinc and copper are 5.9 μA, 3.8 μA and 0.157 μA, respectively

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21

Dileep, B. P., V. Ravi Kumar, Mrudula Prashanth, and M. V. Phanibhushana. "Effect of Zinc Coating on Mechanical Behavior of Al 7075." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.255.

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The addition of zinc to aluminum with magnesium or copper produces heat treatable alloys of highest strength which can be used for structural applications. This work is an attempt to investigate any improvement in hardness and fracture toughness by coating aluminum 7075 alloy with zinc. The zinc coated aluminum 7075 alloy was fabricated using Time Dependent Electro-Plating Technique. The thickness of the coating is a function of time. The varying thickness of zinc coating was obtained based on the time estimates, which includes 10, 15 and 20 microns. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards, which were then tested for mechanical properties such as surface hardness, tensile strength and fracture toughness at different loading conditions. The results, when compared to the uncoated aluminum alloy showed significant improvement in Hardness (87 RHN). The hardness increased slightly compared to that of uncoated surface and showed no increase with the increase in the thickness of coating. The yield stressof zinc coated aluminum alloy increased (587.11 N/mm2) when compared to uncoated aluminum alloy 7075 - T6 (537.12 N/mm2), with an increase in brittleness. The fracture toughness test on CT specimen under plain strain condition for coated specimen showed an increase in KIC value by 7.25 % compared to that of uncoated aluminum 7075–T6 alloy. Optical microscopy analysis shows that there is a good bonding of zinc coating on aluminum.

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22

Kostov, Ana, Aleksandra Milosavljević, Zdenka Stanojevic-Šimšić, and Corneliu Craciunescu. "Characterization of copper-based shape memory alloy with zinc and aluminum." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 1-2 (2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb1802079k.

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23

Negrete, J., Y. H. Zhu, and G. Torres-Villaseñor. "Effect of Copper Modification on Impact Strength of Zinc-Aluminum Alloys." Materials Transactions, JIM 35, no. 5 (1994): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.35.332.

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24

Mounika, G. "Closed Loop Reactive Power Compensation on a Single-Phase Transmission Line." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35489.

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Zinc-aluminium alloys are alloys whose main ingredients stay zinc and aluminium. Other alloying elements clasp magnesium and copper .Zinc Aluminum Alloys over the past decayed are occupying attention of both researches and industries as a promising material for tribological applications. At this moment commercially available Zinc-Aluminium alloys and bearing bronzes due to good cost ability and unique combination of properties. They can also be deliberated as competing material for cast iron, plastics and even for steels. It has been shown that the addition of alloying elements including copper, silicon, magnesium, manganese and nickel can improve the mechanical and tribological properties of zinc aluminum alloys. This alloy has still found limited applications encompassing high stress conditions due to its lower creep resistance, compared to traditional aluminum alloys and other structural materials. This has resulted in major loss of market potential for those alloy otherwise it is excellent material. The aim of this paper is to measure the coefficient of friction and wear under different operating conditions for material with silicon content. Then wear equation will be found out for all the materials experimented under various conditions. In this paper there is discussion of the effect of Silicon on tribological properties of aluminium based Zinc alloy by experiment as well as Ansys software based and compares the same.

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25

Kremenetskaya, I. P., T. K. Ivanova, B. I. Gurevich, A. I. Novikov, and V. V. Semushin. "Separate deposition of metals from highly concentrated solutions with granulated magnesia-silicate reagent." Vestnik MGTU 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-118-130.

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Multi-stage deposition of metals from a sulfate solution with a high concentration of iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and nickel has been studied. The concentrations of the components correspond to the composition of the sub-basement waters of the Gaisky GOK. Granular magnesia-silicate reagent based on serpentinite (Khalilovsk magnesite deposit, the Orenburg region, Russia) has been used as an alkaline agent. The magnesia-silicate reagent's ability to reduce the acidity of solutions is due to the presence of products of destruction of the original serpentine mineral, mainly magnesium oxide. The results of the solutions multi-stage purification from metals simulation have been presented. It has been found that the reagent did not wholly exhaust its activity during a single contact with the solution. Therefore, the possibility of its repeated use for the 2nd and 3rd time has been studied. As the solution is neutralized according to the known pH range of the beginning and complete deposition of metal compounds, first iron, and then aluminum are deposited. For copper and nickel, the effect of co-precipitation is observed until the pH of precipitation of poorly soluble compounds is reached. Iron is the main component of precipitations at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages, which corresponds to pH = 2.4-3.7. At the 4th stage (pH = 4.0), the precipitations consisted mainly of aluminum compounds. The copper and nickel content in precipitations increase due to decreased concentration of major components (aluminum and iron) and a pH increase. The deposition of zinc from the solution occurs not to the precipitations, but on the granules surfaces. Precipitations enriched in aluminum and iron have been obtained. Sorption and co-precipitation processes have been observed for copper, zinc, and nickel, which prevents individual precipitation by these metals. Thermally activated serpentine minerals can be considered a promising alkaline reagent for technogenic solutions neutralization and purification.

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26

Karzhavin, V. V., L. V. Maltsev, and V. V. Bakina. "Study on Surface Layers of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys and Analysis of their Scuff Resistance." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1248.

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To reduce the risk of scoring copper or zinc coatings were applied to the samples in molten salts at a temperature of 350-500°C. Using ion sputtering and Auger electron spectroscopy the depth of the surface layers and the grain size in the coating were determined. Samples were plates 0.5-0.7 mm thick made of titanium and aluminum alloys. For copper-coated alloys a coating zone up to 10 μm and a diffuse zone up to 6 μm which is intermediate between the coating and the substrate can be distinguished in the surface layers. For zinc-coated aluminum alloys there is one zone of 5-7 μm which is an aluminum-zinc alloy of variable composition across depth. Thus, a soft metal formed on the surface of the titanium and aluminum alloys when processed in the salt melt is connected to the base metal with metallic bonds. Moreover, the higher the temperature and the longer the holding time in the salt melt, the thicker the coating is. While investigating the score resistance a dependence of the friction moment change on the path travelled to a score appearance was obtained. It has been established that the score resistance of the titanium and aluminum alloys is directly dependent on the inhomogeneity factor which is sharply increased when there is a softer (compared with the base metal) coating on the surface of the metal processed. Experimental stamping-drawing of cups made of the titanium alloy workpieces preliminary copper-coated in the salt melt was carried out. The production cycle was significantly reduced, and the surface quality of the products after the coating removal was high, the scoring was not observed. Thus, the use of soft (compared with the base metal) metal coatings applied in salt melts is promising for titanium and aluminum alloys.

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27

Röllin, Halina, Claudina Nogueira, Bukola Olutola, Kalavati Channa, and Jon Odland. "Prenatal Exposure to Aluminum and Status of Selected Essential Trace Elements in Rural South African Women at Delivery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 15, 2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071494.

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This study sought to evaluate the in utero exposure to aluminum and status of selected trace elements in South African women at delivery since aluminum is known to be toxic in all developmental stages even at low concentrations. Serum aluminum was negatively correlated with aluminum in urine, both uncorrected and corrected for creatinine, which suggests the retention of aluminum in body stores. Serum copper and zinc levels were found to be high in this study population. Serum copper levels were negatively correlated with aluminum in serum (β = −0.095; p = 0.05). There was a marginal negative correlation between aluminum levels in serum and manganese levels in whole blood (β = −0.087; p = 0.08). Copper levels in maternal serum were negatively correlated with birth weight and the length of neonates. There were a number of positive correlations between maternal characteristics and birth outcomes. Mothers who consumed root vegetables frequently appeared to be protected from aluminum retention and increased body burden since their serum aluminum levels were found to be significantly lower. The findings of the current study can be used as a baseline for further research on aluminum exposure and its associated interactions and outcomes in vulnerable populations.

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28

Shilykovskaya, D. О., D. Yu Kuimova, and А. М. Elokhov. "Metal ions extraction in the ammonium sulfate–oxyethylated nonylphenol (neonol AF 9-10)–water system in the presence of organic complexing agents." Žurnal neorganičeskoj himii 69, no. 5 (November 21, 2024): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24050184.

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Using isothermal titration method and isothermal method of sections, phase equilibria in the ammonium sulfate–oxyethylated nonylphenol (neonol AF 9-10)–water at 25°C system were studied. Optimal extraction parameters (ratio neonol AF 9–10 : ammonium sulfate = 1 : 3, mass fraction of water 75.0 wt.%) were determined and the patterns of distribution of iron(III), copper(II), aluminum and indium ions in the system ammonium sulfate–oxyethylated nonylphenol (neonol AF 9-10)–water in the presence of acetylacetone and 1,2,3-benzotriazole were established . Conditions for the quantitative extraction of aluminum and copper(II) from ammonia media have been found. The conditions for the separation of copper(II) and iron(III) from zinc, cobalt(II) and indium in a neutral environment, as well as copper(II) from zinc and cobalt(II) at a content of 0.05–0.06 mol/l ammonia in the presence of acetylacetone were determined ; nickel from cobalt(II) and iron(III) at a content of 0.1–0.5 mol/l sulfuric acid in the presence of 1,2,3-benzotriazole.

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29

Wang, Y. "Removal of arsenic and metal ions from acidic effluents via the Fenton reaction method." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, no. 8 (October 18, 2023): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1863/2023.

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Arsenic-bearing acidic effluent from hydrometallurgical processes contains many harmful metal ions and must be appropriately treated before discharge. In the present study, arsenic, copper, zinc, aluminum, and magnesium were co-precipitated by means of the Fenton reaction. The precipitates obtained under different conditions were investigated to determine their stability. The results indicate that pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage have significant effects on the removal of various elements. Arsenic, copper, zinc, and aluminum (but not magnesium) can be removed at pH 5-6 and anH2O2/As mole ratio of 2 at ambient temperature. The precipitates were mainly amorphous and granular with particle size in the micrometre range. The arsenic concentration in leachate from the toxicity characteristic leaching test was 3.6 mg/L, which proves that the precipitates are effective in fixing arsenic.

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30

Akhmetova, Dana. "Anthropogenic impact on soil and vegetation in Turkistan region: Chemical composition and heavy metal contamination." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA, no. 00 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi240426013a.

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The main purpose of this study is to analyze the anthropogenic impact on the soil and vegetation cover of the landscapes of the Turkistan region (southern part of Kazakhstan), and to investigate the chemical composition of elements and pollutants. The current state of landscapes with patterns of distribution of chemical elements and the influence of anthropogenic activity have been revealed. Quantitative indicators of the content of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, titanium, iron, lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, thallium, manganese, and strontium) were studied based on soil samples. The levels of concentration of chemical elements of vegetation cover, aboveground and underground parts (carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, iron and copper) were assessed. The results of the chemical analysis of the soil cover revealed an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of chemical elements (lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, and chromium), while elevated levels of insoluble ash were observed in plants.

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31

Balasundaram, R., V. K. Patel, S. D. Bhole, and D. L. Chen. "Effect of zinc interlayer on ultrasonic spot welded aluminum-to-copper joints." Materials Science and Engineering: A 607 (June 2014): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.03.135.

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32

Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zn-Zr (Aluminum-Copper-Magnesium-Scandium-Zinc-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 2 (April 19, 2007): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9037-6.

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33

Gusi, S., F. Trifiró, and A. Vaccari. "Kinetic study of the reduction of copper-zinc-aluminum mixed oxide catalysts." Reactivity of Solids 2, no. 1-2 (October 1986): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-7336(86)80064-x.

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34

Tista, Si Putu Gede Gunawan, I. Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa, Ketut Astawa, I. Gusti Ngurah Putu Tenaya, and Komang Metty Trisna Negara. "PEMBANGKITAN TEGANGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN ELEKTROLIT AIR." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 15, no. 2 (August 15, 2024): 741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1520.

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The generation of electrical energy from fossil fuels is currently running low, besides that it can cause global warming due to gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Besides that, the development of small portable equipment such as watches, handphones, and cameras, requires batteries with small power. Therefore, environmentally friendly materials on a small scale are needed to generate electricity, one of which is coconut shell-activated carbon. The purpose of this research is to generate a voltage from a model using activated coconut shell carbon with a water-electrolyte. The model consists of a counter electrode-electrode counter. The counter electrodes are varied, namely aluminum, zinc, and copper. The electrode used is coconut shell-activated carbon, while the electrolyte is distilled water. The electrolyte is injected into the model between the electrode and the counter electrode and then given the heat. When the electrolyte is injected into the model, electrostatic forces occur between the functional groups, the pores on the surface of the activated carbon, the counter electrode, and the water-electrolyte, resulting in the release of electrons. The results show that the voltage generated by heating to a temperature rise of ΔT = 54 ͦC is 0.795 volts for aluminum counter electrodes, while zinc reaches 0.597 volts and copper reaches 0.034 volts. While the average thermal sensitivity of the resulting voltage (dV/dT) for aluminum is 47.85707 mV/ ͦ C, while zinc is 39.15949 mV/ ͦC, and copper is 1.72348 mV/ ͦC.

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35

Shargaev, E. O., and I. N. Pashkov. "The research of interaction of zinc solders with aluminum alloys during friction application." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 4 (2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2020-4-58-66.

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Nowadays, due to the search for more efficient and steady processes of aluminum combination and the products that cannot be manufactured using flux, the issue of application of flux-free soldering methods for aluminum-based alloys is highly relevant. The lack of the description of the processes and mechanisms of flux-free soldering by the technique of friction of the solder on the aluminum surface makes it urgent to study and describe them in detail. To carry out the study, the authors produced zinc-based alloys and prepared solder rods using the hot pressing method. Using the technique of friction of a rod against the surface of the heated aluminum substrate, the authors identified minimum temperatures of the setting of zinc solders of different compositions with aluminum surfaces. The experiment proves that these temperatures correlate with the liquidus temperatures of these alloys and have similar values. The dependence of minimum setting temperatures on the Al and Cu content in the solder was obtained. The authors studied the influence of the state of the base metal surface on the spreading area of the Zn-4%Al zinc solder during friction application. The experiments determined the zones of solder spreading over the surface of the AD31 aluminum alloy substrate, depending on the roughness of the base metal surface. The study identified that minimum setting temperatures of solders have similar values against the liquidus temperatures of these alloys, and the adding of copper to a solder reduces these temperatures, on average, by 20° С per each percent of added copper. The flowing of Zn–4%Al solder over the AD31 aluminum alloy surface reaches the largest values when treating the surface with rough-grain abrasive cloths, and the flowing effect decreases with the decrease in roughness.

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36

Sun, Yingqi, Xinghua Han, and Zhongkui Zhao. "Direct coating copper–zinc–aluminum oxalate with H-ZSM-5 to fabricate a highly efficient capsule-structured bifunctional catalyst for dimethyl ether production from syngas." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 14 (2019): 3763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00980a.

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This work reports a facile strategy for preparing a highly efficient capsule bifunctional catalyst by direct coating copper–zinc–aluminum oxalate with H-ZSM-5, showing outstanding catalytic properties for dimethyl ether production from syngas.

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37

Karlsson, S., P. Sandén, and B. Allard. "Environmental Impacts of an Old Mine Tailings Deposit — Metal Adsorption by Particulate Matter." Hydrology Research 18, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1987): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1987.0023.

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The distribution of metals (aluminum, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) between suspended particles and solution phase has been studied by analysis of time series data in a stream receiving leachates from a mine tailings deposit. A precipitation of aluminum and iron takes place when the acidic effluents are neutralized by unpolluted groundwater, while the other dissolved elements never reach saturation. The particulate fraction is largely amorphous. A transfer of dissolved elements from the solution phase to the particle phase, increasing in the order zinc < cadmium < copper < lead with increasing pH, is observed. This removal of metals from the aqueous phase appears to be due to sorption processes rather than to coprecipitation. The formation of a particulate metal fraction could be the means for long-range transportation and redistribution of metals in environmental water systems.

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38

Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim, Fusun Sunar, Rasim Mogulkoc, and Hatice Toy. "The Effect of Zinc Deficiency and Supplementation on Elements in the Kidney Tissue of Ovariectomized Rats: Histopathologic Changes." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 87, no. 3-4 (May 1, 2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000396.

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Abstract. The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of zinc deficiency in and zinc supplementation to ovariectomized rats on some elements in kidney tissue. The study included 40 Sprague-Dawley type adult female rats. The experimental animals were randomized into four groups with equal numbers as follows: Group 1: Control (10). Group 2: Ovariectomized control (10). Group 3: Ovariectomized + zinc supplemented (10). Group 4: Ovariectomized + zinc deficient (10). After the animals were decapitated at the end of the experiment, element levels were determined by Atomic Emission (ICP-AES) as mg/g/wet tissue for calcium, phosphate, zinc, aluminum, copper, iron, lithium, and manganese and μg/g/wet tissue for magnesium in the kidney tissue. Additionally, the tissue samples were subjected to a histopathologic assessment. An examination of the study results showed that ovariectomy significantly reduced calcium, phosphorus, and zinc levels, while zinc supplementation to the rats following ovariectomy restored the reduced element levels to normal (0.10 ± 0.03, 0.85 ± 0.16, 0.11 ± 0.03 vs 0.19 ± 0.06, 1.86 ± 0.18, 0.52 ± 0.05). Group 4, which was both ovariectomized and fed on a zinc-deficient diet, had significantly lower aluminum, copper, and lithium values. Calcification, inflammation, and sclerotic changes in group 4, the group which was fed on a zinc-deficient diet, were greater in comparison to other groups (p < 0.05). Results of the study suggest that ovariectomy + zinc deficiency leads to calcification, inflammation, and sclerotic changes in renal tissue and significantly reduces element levels, whereas zinc supplementation after ovariectomy restores the lowered element levels to normal.

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39

Kolesnikov, A. V., and E. I. Ageenko. "Comparative studies of the discharge of hydronium ions on zinc, copper and aluminum cathodes." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 28, no. 6 (December 7, 2022): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-6-22-31.

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Electrochemical reduction of hydrogen (hydronium ion) was carried out on zinc, aluminum and copper cathodes from acidic aqueous solutions containing sulfuric acid (0.09, 0.18 and 0.36 mol/l) to study the effect of electrolyte acidity, the type of cathodes used and potential values on electrolysis indicators. The studies were carried out on the potentiostat using a three-electrode cell under conditions of intensive electrolyte stirring with a magnetic stirrer. At the initial stage, electrolysis was performed in the following modes: potentiodynamic measurements at a sweep rate of 1 mV/s in the potential range Е = –(700÷850) mV on a copper and aluminum electrode and Е = –(1000÷1150) mV on a zinc electrode. In the indicated potential range, hydronium discharge parameters at each cathode were calculated: Tafel slope, apparent transfer coefficients and exchange currents. Dependences of these parameters on electrolyte acidity were considered. Average values of steady state potentials were obtained, which, similar to the apparent exchange current, significantly depended on the cathode material: –923.1 mV (zinc cathode); +36.1 mV (copper cathode), and –603.7 mV (aluminum cathode) (AgCl/Ag). The effect of surfactants on all the kinetic parameters considered was shown. The order of the reaction with and without surfactant additives was determined. At the next stage, the electrochemical parameters of hydronium discharge on the copper electrode only were compared. It was shown that the electrochemical parameters significantly depend on the cathodic potential range where they are determined, and on the methods used for their calculation. It was noted that the process proceeds in the region of mixed kinetics. As the electrode polarization decreases, the hydrogen discharge mechanism changes, while the proportion of electrochemical kinetics will increase in the region of mixed kinetics. We suppose that the data obtained can also be of practical importance for the zinc electrolysis technology. The data obtained in this research on the electrochemical parameters of hydrogen discharge in a wide range of potentials on cathodes made of different metals as well as on the effect of electrolyte acidity on the behavior of surfactants during electrolysis will expand knowledge about the zinc electrolysis technology.

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40

Amelkovich, Yuliya A., and Olga B. Nazarenko. "Production of Precursors for Ceramics Materials on the Base of Aluminum Nanopowders in Mixtures with Some Simple Substances." Advanced Materials Research 872 (December 2013): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.872.70.

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Chemical activity parameters for aluminum nanopowder in mixtures with zinc, graphite, silicon, iron and copper powders are explored. The study of the phase content of combustion products shows that these mixtures can be used to produce precursors for ceramic materials.

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41

Cañete, Larry Angelo R. "A Comparison of the Performance of Saltwater Electrolytic Cell Battery with Zinc-Copper and Aluminum-copper Electrodes." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 25, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1841.

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Electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction in an electrolytic cell battery, which is composed of an electrochemical cell. The process of breaking down chemical compounds through electrolysis is frequently utilized, and it is derived from the Greek word lysis, which means to disintegrate. The electrolytic cell is composed of an electrolyte, two electrodes (one cathode and one anode), and three other components. Water or other solvents are typically used to make an electrolyte, which is a solution that contains dissolved ions. The purpose of this study is to test, analyze, and construct an electrolytic cell battery using various electrolytic solutions, salt-water concentrations, and the integration of fuel cells and electrodes. The research is designed to be experimental and relies on descriptive analysis to assess it. The design focused on the finding the optimal combination of electrode limited to zinc, copper, and aluminum (soda can), different electrolyte, type of connection of the fuel cells and the different concentration of saline solution used in order to provide optimum energy output. According to the data gathered and analyzed, the Zinc-Copper electrode produces an average voltage of 0.705 V per cell. Saltwater electrolyte produces the most effective results based on its cost effectiveness. When saline solution is 30% concentrated, the optimal voltage output is achieved, and fuel cells perform their best when connected in series. Using this parameter, twenty fuel cells are constructed that can produce 14.10 V without any load. The voltage was 7.57 V and the current was 1.1 A when connected to a DC lighting load that has a 12V power supply.

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42

Park, Jaehwan. "The Role of Canceled Warrants in the LME Market." International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7010010.

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This article visits the question of whether canceled warrants (CWs) have a positive effect on LME metal prices. To examine this question carefully, a regression model is applied. This paper finds a statistically significant positive link between CWs and LME metal prices, including aluminum, zinc, tin, and nickel. However, other metals such as copper and lead are not statistically significant. The second objective of the study is to identify the dynamic response of metal price returns for aluminum, zinc, tin, and nickel to an innovation in the CWs using VAR. It is found that the positive impact of the CWs on metal returns is transitory.

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43

Berish, C. W., and H. L. Ragsdale. "Chronological sequence of element concentrations in wood of Carya spp. in the southern Appalachian Mountains." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1985): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-078.

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Tree-ring analyses of hickory (Carya spp.) from the long-term ecological research site, Coweeta Hydrologic Research Laboratory, revealed that concentrations (micrograms per gram) of lead, aluminum, and zinc are increasing, that concentrations of copper, cadmium, nickel, and manganese have remained generally constant since the 1880's, and that hickory annual radial growth increments are declining. Lead, aluminum, and zinc burdens (microgram per growth interval), unlike their respective concentrations, have remained generally constant during the 1900's. The interpretation of growth and burden data indicates that hickory trees at Coweeta are in a mature phase of their life cycle and that annual growth does not seem to be reduced by pollutants.

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44

Lavrinenko, A. A., O. G. Lucinian, I. N. Kuznetsova, and V. G. Olennikov. "Obtaining copper concentrate during iron ore processing." Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy 1, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2023-1-5-15.

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The data on the complex processing of iron ore from one of the deposits of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which involves several operations of wet magnetic separation with re-grinding of raw products and their subsequent refining to produce a conditioned iron concentrate with 65–66 % iron containing 79–80 % Fe and 2.2–2.5 % Si, are presented. It was found that during the magnetic enrichment of the ore under study, the copper minerals concentrate in the magnetic separation tailings and the copper content in them increases from 0.093 to 0.2 %. A scheme and reagent system have been developed for the recovery of conditioned copper concentrate from magnetically enriched tailings. To obtain copper concentrate, magnetic separation tailings are subjected to regrinding in a lime medium to a fineness of 75 % of the –0.071 mm grade. After two operations of the main copper flotation with the use of water glass, butyl xanthate and frother MIBK, waste tailings are obtained. The froth product of the first basal flotation is cleaned twice. The result is a copper concentrate containing 15.2 % copper, 26.5 % iron, 17.5 % sulfur, 3.47 % silicon, 1.4 % aluminum and 8.5 % zinc, which corresponds to the KM-7 grade according to GOST R 52998-2008. Waste tailings contain: copper 0.08 %, iron 20.1 %, sulfur 0.25 %, silicon 16.2 %, aluminum 6.4 % and zinc 0.045 %. The influence of xanthates with different length and structure of hydrocarbon radical as well as hostaflots and amyl aeroflots on the process of copper flotation is studied. The high efficiency of butyl xanthate in the flotation of copper minerals has been confirmed.

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45

Sugino, Shigeaki, and Hisato Hagiwara. "Effects of Aluminum and Nickel on the Activity of Zinc in Molten Copper." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 50, no. 12 (1986): 1068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.50.12_1068.

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46

HUNT, CURTISS D., and SUSAN L. MEACHAM. "Aluminum, Boron, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, no. 9 (September 2001): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00260-7.

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47

Volochko, A. T., and I. N. Rumyantseva. "Thermal stability of aluminum composite materials containing sulfides of copper, molybdenum, and zinc." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 31, no. 5 (May 1992): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00796258.

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48

Odusote, Jamiu Kolawole, and Paul Adedeji Ajayi. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Aluminum Cast with Zinc and Copper Additions." International Journal of Metalcasting 10, no. 4 (June 3, 2016): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-016-0060-4.

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49

Kondrat'ev, S. Yu, N. G. Kolbasnikov, and B. S. Chaikovskii. "Change in the properties of high-damping copper-aluminum-zinc ?-alloys after HTMT." Strength of Materials 22, no. 4 (April 1990): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00776885.

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50

Bolognin, Silvia, Luigi Messori, Denise Drago, Chiara Gabbiani, Laura Cendron та Paolo Zatta. "Aluminum, copper, iron and zinc differentially alter amyloid-Aβ1–42 aggregation and toxicity". International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 43, № 6 (червень 2011): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2011.02.009.

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