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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Copper silicates"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Copper silicates"

Titley, Spencer R. "Silicates flushed with copper." Nature 334, no. 6182 (August 1988): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334472a0.

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Pan, Yuanming, and Michael E. Fleet. "Mineralogy and genesis of calc-silicates associated with Archean volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits at the Manitouwadge mining camp, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-111.

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Skarn-like calc-silicate rocks are reported in spatial association with the Archean Cu–Zn–Ag massive sulphide deposits at the Manitouwadge mining camp, Ontario. Calc-silicates in the footwall of the Willroy mine occur as matrix to breccia fragments of garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and as lenses within garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and are composed of clinopyroxene, garnet, calcic amphiboles, wollastonite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, epidote, quartz, calcite, magnetite, and minor sulphides. Calc-silicates within the main orebody of the Geco mine are characterized by clinopyroxene, calcic amphiboles (Cl–K-rich hastingsitic and ferro-edenitic hornblende, ferro-edenite (up to 4.7 wt.% Cl); and ferroactinolite (6.7 wt.% MnO)), garnet, epidote (including an epidote rich in rare-earth elements and Cl), calcite, quartz, and abundant sulphides. Calc-silicates within the basal 4/2 Copper Zone of the Geco mine contain garnet, gahnite, sphalerite, ferroactinolite (8.5 wt.% MnO), epidote, quartz, biotite, plagioclase, chlorite, muscovite, K-feldspar, and pyrosmalite (with Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio ranging from 0.21 to 0.61, and up to 3.9 wt.% Cl). The calc-silicates probably represent metasomatic remobilization of dispersed Ca (and Cl) from sea-floor hydrothermal alteration of mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks and are only indirectly related to the hypothesized syngenetic ore-forming processes for the associated base metal sulphide deposits. The calc-silicates formed initially at about 600 °C and 3–5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) in a mildly reducing environment (from 1 log unit above to 1 log unit below the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer) during the upper-amphibolite- to granulite-facies regional metamorphism and were altered subsequently at lower temperatures (<500 °C).

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Vítková, M., V. Ettler, Z. Johan, B. Kříbek, O. Šebek, and M. Mihaljevič. "Primary and secondary phases in copper-cobalt smelting slags from the Copperbelt Province, Zambia." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 4 (August 2010): 581–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.4.581.

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AbstractPyrometallurgical slags from three Cu-Co smelters (Nkana, Mufulira, Chambishi) in the Copperbelt Province, Zambia, were studied from mineralogical and chemical points of view. The slags were enriched in metals and metalloids, mainly Cu (up to 35 wt.%), Co (up to 2.4 wt.%) and As (up to 3650 ppm). The following primary phases were observed in slags: Ca-Fe silicates (clinopyroxene, olivine) and leucite, oxides (spinel-series phases), ubiquitous silicate glass and sulphide/metallic droplets of various sizes. The presence of glass and skeletal/dendritic crystal shapes indicated rapid cooling of the slag melt. Copper and cobalt were found in low concentrations in the majority of silicates (olivine, clinopyroxene) and oxides, substituting for Fe in their structures (up to 7.15 wt.% CoO in olivine, 4.11 wt.% CuO in spinel). Similarly, up to 0.91 wt.% CoO and 6.90 wt.% CuO were observed in the interstitial glass. Nevertheless, the main carriers of these metals in the slags studied were Cu sulphides (digenite, chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite), Co-Fe sulphides (cobaltpentlandite), Co-bearing intermetallic phases ((Fe,Co)2As) and alloys. Weathering features corresponding to the presence of secondary metal-bearing phases, such as malachite (Cu2(CO3)(OH)2), brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6) and sphaerocobaltite (CoCO3), were observed on the slag surfaces. They indicate that the slags studied are reactive on contact with water/atmosphere and that their environmental stability and release of potentially harmful metals and metalloids must be evaluated further.

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Ilton, Eugene S., and David R. Veblen. "Copper inclusions in sheet silicates from porphyry Cu deposits." Nature 334, no. 6182 (August 1988): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334516a0.

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Tshilombo, Odilon M., and Tunde V. Ojumu. "Investigation of the Effect of pH Operating Conditions on Bioleaching of Low-Grade Chalcopyrite in Column Reactors." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.401.

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Bioleaching of low-grade sulphide minerals is now an established process, with much interest in chalcopyrite. However few studies have been carried out on ores containing silicates gangue materials. Chalcopyrite has been reported to be refractory at ambient temperature. Several factors that influence bioleaching kinetics are well documented such as particle size, pH, temperature, galvanic interaction and microbial activity. The purpose of this research was to investigated the effect of pH as well as pre-leaching on bioleaching of silicate rich and low-grade chalcopyrite using mixed thermophilic cultures, with a view to maximize copper solubilization rate in a column reactor operated at 70°C. The column was packed with low-grade chalcopyrite of the size range -20+15 mm. Leaching was monitored at specific time intervals (3 days) by measuring the pH, the redox potential, the copper and iron concentration in the solution. The results of the investigation have shown that copper extracted was highest at pH 1.3 and at moderately low redox potential (410 – 430 mV) using Ag/AgCl electrode, and that pre-leaching contributed insignificantly to the leaching rate. At pH 2.5, the copper extraction was low due to the jarosite. Furthermore, the analysis XRD of leached residues has indicated that the main passivating products were gypsum, jarosite, hexahydrite, and silica. However, although low pH resulted to high copper recovery, the results also showed that the pregnant leach solution (PLS) contained high concentrations of dissolved ions which might have inhibited the microbial activities.

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Cruz, Rosenira S. da, Juliana M. de S. e. Silva, Ulrich Arnold, Maurício S. Sercheli, and Ulf Schuchardt. "Copper Containing Silicates as Catalysts for Liquid Phase Cyclohexane Oxidation." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 13, no. 2 (2002): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532002000200007.

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Karakassides, Michael A., Kostas G. Fournaris, Anastasios Travlos, and Dimitris Petridis. "The Synthesis of Mesoporous Copper Silicates Using Organofunctional Silicon Alkoxides." Advanced Materials 10, no. 6 (April 1998): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199804)10:6<483::aid-adma483>3.0.co;2-m.

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Wang, Xiqu, Lumei Liu, and Allan J. Jacobson. "Nanoporous Copper Silicates with One-Dimensional 12-Ring Channel Systems." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 42, no. 18 (May 9, 2003): 2044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200351121.

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Stebbins, Jonathan F. "Toward the wider application of 29Si NMR spectroscopy to paramagnetic transition metal silicate minerals: Copper(II) silicates." American Mineralogist 102, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 2406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6176.

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Henne, Anicia, Dave Craw, David Paterson, and Gordon Southam. "Textures and mineralogy of residual supergene copper silicates in oxidised overburden." Minerals Engineering 163 (March 2021): 106775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.106775.

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Дисертації з теми "Copper silicates"

Crane, Martin John, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from the supergene zone." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Crane_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/232.

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Acid leaching of different natural chrysocolla samples under ambient conditions demonstrated that the chemical and chrystallographic inhomogenity significantly affects the rate and that it is virtually impossible to use the mineral as a model for the kinetics of hydrometallurgical processing of copper ores.Dissolution experiments, stability diagrams,and X-ray powder diffraction studies are undertaken and studied in this research and results are given.It is found that a complete solid solution series exists in Nature with most tungstenian wulfenites and molybdenum stolzites containing a range of compositions. The first occurrence of a molybdenum stolzite from Broken Hill, Australia, which also contains small amounts of chromium is noted.Raman microprobe spectroscopy has proven to be a very quick and effective non-destructive method for semi-quantitative analysis of the wulfenite-stolzite and powellite-scheelite solid-solution series and in detecting very small amounts of substituted chromate in wulfenite, stolzite and anglesite
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Crane, Martin John. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from supergene zone /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030721.132607/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sdyney, 2001.
"A thesis presented in accordance with the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney" "November 2001" Bibliography: leaves 249 - 254.

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Acapito, Francesco d'. "Étude structurale de verres silicates dopés au cuivre et à l'argent." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10105.

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Dans ce travail nous avons analyse de petits agregats metalliques en verre dans le but d'en determiner les proprietes structurales, leur lien avec la reponse optique et l'influence de l'ordre locale sur les proprietes de diffusion des metaux dans les verres alkalino-silicates. - verres silicates implantes cu : la structure des agregats de cu formes par implantation ionique dans la silice amorphe a ete etudiee au point de vue morphologique et locale. Les techniques de diffusion et diffraction de rayons x en incidence rasante ont ete utilisees et ont permis de determiner la taille des particules ainsi que leur phase cristalline. La technique de l'absorption des rayons x (xas) a ete utilisee pour determiner la structure locale des atomes de cu dans le verre ainsi que leur etat de valence. Les agregats metalliques ont ete observes et caracterises du point de vue structurale. Les agregats les plus petits montrent une reduction du parametre de maille ainsi que une augmentation du desordre statique. - l'etat de valence du cu dans les verres implantes. Les analyses des seuils d'absorption de rayons x ont montre que le cu peut etre loge dans le verre sous la forme de cu#+#1 ou cu#+#2 aussi que dans l'etat metallique. Nous avons trouve l'evidence que les ions metalliques a l'interieur du verre sont plus oxydes que ceux pres de la surface et proposons une explication pour ce phenomene. Verres soda-lime dopes par echange ionique : nous avons etudie des verres soda-lime dopes avec cu et ag par la methode de l'echange ionique prepares suivant differentes procedures. La structure atomique locale autour du metal a ete determine et ne depend pas des details de preparation de l'echantillon mais seulement du metal dopant. Agregation des metaux provoquee par bombardement ionique dans les verres la structure locale des atomes d'ag dans des verres traites par bombardement ionique a ete analysee et les phases structurales obtenues par differentes parametres de traitement ont ete determinees.

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PORFIRIO, TATIANE C. "Preparação e caracterização microestrutural e dielétrica da perovsquita CaCusub(3)Tisub(4)Osub(12)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/24066.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-10-28T11:10:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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SORDO, FILHO GIOVANNI del. "Estudo da adsorção de íons metálicos em caulinita para água de reuso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26394.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T14:16:56Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Student, James John. "Silicate Melt Inclusions in Igneous Petrogenesis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28719.

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Silicate melt inclusions are ubiquitous in quartz phenocrysts, yet there are few studies of such inclusions from porphyry copper systems. A melt inclusion forms when magma is trapped in a growing phenocryst. If a phenocryst is able to preserve the original parent magma, then accurate information can be obtained for ancient volcanic systems. In recent igneous systems, melt inclusions are commonly preserved as optically clear homogeneous glass representative of magma stored at depth before eruption. Melt inclusions are difficult to recognize in quartz phenocrysts from porphyry copper system because they are crystalline and hidden by exsolved magmatic volatiles. The inclusions range in size from less than 5 to over 150 Î¼m. In order to evaluate the magmatic contribution to economic mineralization, we conducted three separate studies to determine whether or not crystallized melt inclusions preserve representative samples of magma. The first study modeled the phase relationships that occur during equilibrium crystallization and melting of haplogranite magma trapped in quartz. Results from the model are similar to observations made during the heating of crystallized melt inclusions from porphyry copper systems. It is necessary to re-melt the crystal and volatile phases before chemical analysis. Micro-explosions caused by heating resulted in the loss of important chemical components. Our second study evaluated several microthermometric heating procedures using synthetic melt inclusions trapped at conditions similar to those inferred for porphyry copper systems. A synthetic hydrous melt was saturated with saline hydrothermal solutions allowing both melt and aqueous fluids to be trapped in quartz. Based on microthermometric measurements from these coeval melt and aqueous fluid inclusions we were able to predict the known trapping temperature and pressure of formation. This technique can be applied to natural samples to constrain trapping pressures and temperatures. It was found that slower heating rates could be used to avoid overheating and that heating under a confining pressure greatly minimizes the decrepitation of inclusions. The third study examined the copper concentrations in melt inclusions from the Red Mountain, Arizona porphyry copper system. Older andesite magma contains pyroxene with melt inclusions of higher copper concentrations compared to melt inclusions in quartz from quartz latite. The higher water concentrations in crystallized melt inclusions in the quartz, and abundant aqueous fluid inclusions indicates that the exsolution of water from the magma occurred prior to the trapping of melt inclusions in quartz. The lower water concentrations and the absence of aqueous fluid inclusions indicates that the andesite never reached the stage of water exsolution. The results obtained here are consistent with models that suggest that copper is extracted from the melt by saline magmatic fluids, producing a metal-charged hydrothermal solution and leaving behind a metal-depleted melt and serves to identify the potential contribution of melt inclusion studies to constrain the origin of ore metals in porphyry copper deposits.
Ph. D.

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Conrad, Heidi Ann. "Electrochemically Deposited Metal Alloy-silicate Nanocomposite Corrosion Resistant Materials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271794/.

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Zinc-nickel ?-phase silicate and copper-nickel silicate corrosion resistant coatings have been prepared via electrochemical methods to improve currently available corrosion resistant materials in the oil and gas industry. A layered silicate, montmorillonite, has been incorporated into the coatings for increased corrosion protection. For the zinc nickel silicate coatings, optimal plating conditions were determined to be a working pH range of 9.3 -9.5 with a borate based electrolyte solution, resulting in more uniform deposits and better corrosion protection of the basis metal as compared to acidic conditions. Quality, strongly adhering deposits were obtained quickly with strong, even overall coverage of the metal substrate. The corrosion current of the zinc-nickel-silicate coating is Icorr = 3.33E-6 for a borate based bath as compared to a zinc-nickel bath without silicate incorporation (Icorr = 3.52E-5). Step potential and direct potential methods were examined, showing a morphological advantage to step potential deposition. The effect of borate addition was examined in relation to zinc, nickel and zinc-nickel alloy deposition. Borate was found to affect the onset of hydrogen evolution and was examined for absorption onto the electrode surface. For copper-nickel silicate coatings, optimal conditions were determined to be a citrate based electrolytic bath, with pH = 6. The solutions were stable over time and strong adhering, compact particle deposits were obtained. The corrosion current of the copper-nickel-silicate coatings is Icorr = 3.86E-6 (copper-nickel coatings without silicate, Icorr = 1.78E-4). The large decrease in the corrosion current as the silicate is incorporated into the coating demonstrates the increase in corrosion resistance of the coatings with the incorporation of silicates.

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Zhao, Xiaopeng. "Tantalum- and ruthenium-based diffusion barriers/adhesion promoters for copper/silicon dioxide and copper/low κ integration". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4672/.

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The TaSiO6 films, ~8Å thick, were formed by sputter deposition of Ta onto ultrathin SiO2 substrates at 300 K, followed by annealing to 600 K in 2 torr O2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the films yielded a Si(2p) binding energy at 102.1 eV and Ta(4f7/2) binding energy at 26.2 eV, indicative of Ta silicate formation. O(1s) spectra indicate that the film is substantially hydroxylated. Annealing the film to > 900 K in UHV resulted in silicate decomposition to SiO2 and Ta2O5. The Ta silicate film is stable in air at 300K. XPS data show that sputter-deposited Cu (300 K) displays conformal growth on Ta silicate surface (TaSiO6) but 3-D growth on the annealed and decomposed silicate surface. Initial Cu/silicate interaction involves Cu charge donation to Ta surface sites, with Cu(I) formation and Ta reduction. The results are similar to those previously reported for air-exposed TaSiN, and indicate that Si-modified Ta barriers should maintain Cu wettability under oxidizing conditions for Cu interconnect applications. XPS has been used to study the reaction of tert-butylimino tris(diethylamino) tantalum (TBTDET) with atomic hydrogen on SiO2 and organosilicate glass (OSG) substrates. The results on both substrates indicate that at 300K, TBTDET partially dissociates, forming Ta-O bonds with some precursor still attached. Subsequent bombardment with atomic hydrogen at 500K results in stoichiometric TaN formation, with a Ta(4f7/2) feature at binding energy 23.2 eV and N(1s) at 396.6 eV, leading to a TaN phase bonded to the substrate by Ta-O interactions. Subsequent depositions of the precursor on the reacted layer on SiO2 and OSG, followed by atomic hydrogen bombardment, result in increased TaN formation. These results indicate that TBTDET and atomic hydrogen may form the basis for a low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the formation of ultraconformal TaNx or Ru/TaNx barriers. The interactions of sputter-deposited ruthenium with OSG at 300 K have been studied by XPS for Ru coverages from ~ 0.1 monolayer to several monolayers, using in-situ sample transfer between the deposition and analysis chambers. The results indicate Stranski-Krastanov (SK) type growth, with the completion of the first layer of Ru at an average thickness corresponding to 1 monolayer average coverage. Ru(0) is the only electronic state present. XPS core level spectra indicate weak chemical interactions between Ru and the substrate. A less pronounced tendency towards SK growth was observed for Ru deposition on parylene. Deposition of Ru on OSG followed by electroless deposition of Cu resulted in the formation of a shiny copper film that failed the Scotch® tape test. Results indicate failure mainly at the Ru/OSG interface.

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MacNevin, David. "THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE AND SILICATE INHIBITORS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND COPPER RELEASE IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3713.

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The effects of corrosion inhibitors on water quality and the distribution system were studied. This dissertation investigates the effect of inhibitors on iron surface roughness, copper surface roughness, and copper release. Corrosion inhibitors included blended poly/ortho phosphate, sodium orthophosphate, zinc orthophosphate, and sodium silicate. These inhibitors were added to a blend of surface water, groundwater, and desalinated brackish water. Surface roughness of galvanized iron, unlined cast iron, lined cast iron, and polyvinyl chloride was measured using pipe coupons exposed for three months. Roughness of each pipe coupon was measured with an optical surface profiler before and after exposure to inhibitors. For most materials, inhibitor did not have a significant effect on surface roughness; instead, the most significant factor determining the final surface roughness was the initial surface roughness. Coupons with low initial surface roughness tended to have an increase in surface roughness during exposure, and vice versa, implying that surface roughness tended to regress towards an average or equilibrium value. For unlined cast iron, increased alkalinity and increased temperature tended to correspond with increases in surface roughness. Unlined cast iron coupons receiving phosphate inhibitors were more likely to have a significant change in surface roughness, suggesting that phosphate inhibitors affect stability of iron pipe scales. Similar roughness data collected with new copper coupons showed that elevated orthophosphate, alkalinity, and temperature were all factors associated with increased copper surface roughness. The greatest increases in surface roughness were observed with copper coupons receiving phosphate inhibitors. Smaller increases were observed with copper coupons receiving silicate inhibitor or no inhibitor. With phosphate inhibitors, elevated temperature and alkalinity were associated with larger increases in surface roughness and blue-green copper (II) scales.. Otherwise a compact, dull red copper (I) scale was observed. These data suggest that phosphate inhibitor addition corresponds with changes in surface morphology, and surface composition, including the oxidation state of copper solids. The effects of corrosion inhibitors on copper surface chemistry and cuprosolvency were investigated. Most copper scales had X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy binding energies consistent with a mixture of Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2, and other copper (II) salts. Orthophosphate and silica were detected on copper surfaces exposed to each inhibitor. All phosphate and silicate inhibitors reduced copper release relative to the no inhibitor treatments, keeping total copper below the 1.3 mg/L MCLG for all water quality blends. All three kinds of phosphate inhibitors, when added at 1 mg/L as P, corresponded with a 60% reduction in copper release relative to the no inhibitor control. On average, this percent reduction was consistent across varying water quality conditions in all four phases. Similarly when silicate inhibitor was added at 6 mg/L as SiO2, this corresponded with a 25-40% reduction in copper release relative to the no inhibitor control. Hence, on average, for the given inhibitors and doses, phosphate inhibitors provided more predictable control of copper release across changing water quality conditions. A plot of cupric ion concentration versus orthophosphate concentration showed a decrease in copper release consistent with mechanistic control by either cupric phosphate solubility or a diffusion limiting phosphate film. Thermodynamic models were developed to identify feasible controlling solids. For the no inhibitor treatment, Cu(OH)2 provided the closest prediction of copper release. With phosphate inhibitors both Cu(OH)2 and Cu(PO4)·2H2O models provided plausible predictions. Similarly, with silicate inhibitor, the Cu(OH)2 and CuSiO3·H2O models provided plausible predictions.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD

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Grund, Bäck Lina. "Redox reactions and structure - properties relations in mixed alkali/alkaline earth glasses : - The role of antimony oxides during the fining process- A structural study of copper(I) and copper(II)." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46782.

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It is important to optimize glass compositions for their specific purpose but also for the efficiency of the production process, the manufacturing of glass. This will be beneficial economically and environmentally. Today many processes and glass compositions are already optimized, but due to more strict legislation on toxic elements and substances there must be changes in many glass compositions. One of these elements is antimony; the oxide is used as fining agent to obtain a bubble free glass within a reasonable process time. One aim with this thesis is to obtain a deeper understanding of the fining mechanism in 20R2O-10MO-70SiO2 (R=Na and/or K, M = Ca and/or Ba, Mg, Sr) glasses in order to minimise the amount of Sb2O3. Another intention is to study the structure of 20R2O-10CaO-70SiO2 (R = Na, K) with Cu2+ as probe ion and thus get a deeper knowledge of the surrounding glass matrix. The optical basicity scale is used to determine the acid/base character of the different glass compositions. Fining efficiency results showed a remarkable increase of the number of remaining bubbles when the glass contains either approximately equal amounts of Na and K or Ca and Ba, Mg or Sr. The much higher number of bubbles in the potassium containing glasses compared to the sodium containing is explained by the increase in viscosity, the increase in optical basicity and thus lower oxygen activity. The differences in the fining efficiency when altering alkaline earth ions cannot be explained by the optical basicity values, it seems to be a more complicated situation. This thesis also reports maximum in Vickers hardness and packing density as well as minimum in glass transition temperature for the mixed alkali glasses. The mixed alkaline earth glasses do not exhibit any clear nonlinear behaviour. Raman spectroscopy measurements showed a variation in the network connectivity which has a clear relation to the optical basicity of the different glass compositions. The combination of UV-Vis-NIR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements showed that the coordination sphere for Cu(II) is a tetragonal distorted octahedron with two elongated Cu-O bonds along the z axis. There were no trends in the degree of tetragonal distortion, thus it was about the same for all the investigated glass compositions. Cu(I) is found to be coordinated by two oxygen ligands in mainly linear coordination sphere, evidenced from X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

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Частини книг з теми "Copper silicates"

Suszynska, M., L. Krajczyk, and B. Macalik. "Hydrogen - Induced Formation of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles in Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses." In Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, 45–51. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602461.ch1e.

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Shuva, M. A. H., M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks, S. H. Masood, and M. A. Reuter. "Structural Analysis of Germanium (Ge)-Containing Ferrous Calcium Silicate Magnesia Slag for Applications of Black Copper Smelting." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 295–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72138-5_30.

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"copper silicate." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 294. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_34840.

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"silicate of copper." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1231. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_193567.

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Öhrström, Lars. "Two Brilliant Careers." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0017.

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At the time of publishing, it is exactly 50 years since Bob Dylan answered a number of enigmatic questions with the ambiguous line ‘the answer is blowin’ in the wind’ on the A-side of the record The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. But one of these, ‘How many years can a mountain exist before it’s washed to the sea?’ we can at least try to answer, as part of the solution lies in one of the more famous rules of thumb one learns as a novice chemist: positively charged metal ions combined with oxides (O2−), sulphides (S2−), phosphates (PO43− ), silicates (SiO42−), and carbonates (CO32−), are insoluble in water, whereas similar nitrates (NO3− ), chlorides (Cl−), and bromides (Br−), are soluble. In terms of stuff you’ve got in your kitchen, this means that when you put a spoon of table salt (NaCl) into water it will ‘disappear’, faster if you stir or heat, and the water will look exactly the same as before. For the insoluble stuff, we move to the more expensive regions of the cupboards and investigate the state of our silver and copperware. When things like these were to be on display, my mother used to have me clean them with silver or copper polish, as the oxides and sulphides tarnishing the metal surfaces did not go away in a normal wash with water—they are completely insoluble. A suitable but boring exercise, and as close to a chemistry set as I ever came as a child. What they normally don’t tell you in chemistry textbooks however, are the enormous consequences of these rules, visible all over the world. Why are mountains made of rocks from oxides, sulphides, phosphates, silicates, and carbonates? Because they are insoluble! Any mountains made from sodium chloride would indeed have been ‘washed to the sea’ thousands of years ago, and where NaCl can be mined it is also known as rock salt, and found either underground or in regions with a very dry climate. Which brings us to the hero and heroine if this chapter.

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Tang, Xiang-Hai, Jing-Zhong Wang, and He-Xuan Li. "Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized copper-silicate with mel structure." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 782–87. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80885-1.

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Oliveira, Vaeudo Valdimiro de. "THE SUCCESSFUL INCORPORATION OF COPPER IN THE WELL-STRUCTURED SILICATE KANEMITE." In Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais: conceitos, fundamentos e aplicação, 392–409. Editora Científica Digital, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/210705415.

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Jozwiak, W. K., E. Szubiakiewicz, A. M. Klonkowski, T. Widernik, W. Ignaczak, and T. Paryjczak. "Characterization of amino-modified silicate xerogels complexed with copper (II), cobalt (III) and chromium (III)." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 3315–20. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80534-0.

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Leys, Clyde, Adam Schwarz, Mark Cloos, Sugeng Widodo, J. Richard Kyle, and Julius Sirait. "Chapter 29: Grasberg Copper-Gold-(Molybdenum) Deposit: Product of Two Overlapping Porphyry Systems." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 599–620. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.29.

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Abstract The supergiant Grasberg porphyry deposit in Papua, Indonesia (5.26 Gt @ 0.61% Cu and 0.57 g/t Au, with no cutoff applied) is hosted by the Grasberg Igneous Complex that fills an upward-flared diatreme ~1,800 m wide at the 4,250-m surface elevation. The Grasberg Igneous Complex is emplaced into folded and strike-slip faulted Tertiary and older sediments and comprises 3.6 to 3.3 Ma Dalam monzodiorite intrusions and subordinate volcanic rocks occupying much of the pipe, the central 3.2 Ma Main Grasberg intrusion, and the NW-SE-trending 3.2 to 3.0 Ma Kali dikes. The Grasberg Igneous Complex contains two porphyry systems: Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold. The Gajah Tidur intrusion belongs to the Dalam igneous group and is a 3.4 Ma porphyritic monzonite with its top at a 2,750-m elevation; it is overprinted by an extensive, domal, quartz stockwork, with a low-grade and intensely phyllic-altered core, surrounded by molybdenite-bearing veins, with a pre-Main Grasberg Re-Os age, as well as chalcopyrite and overprinting pyrite-covellite veins. The strongly potassic-altered, Main Grasberg monzodiorite porphyry extends from surface to the 2,700-m elevation and is overprinted by a cylindrical, ~1-km-diameter, intense quartz-magnetite stockwork cut by abundant chalcopyrite-bornite veins with rare molybdenite dated at 3.09 Ma. A 700-m-wide annulus of chalcopyrite overprinted by pyrite-covellite-mineralized phyllic alteration surrounds the stockwork. Altered and mineralized Main Grasberg and surrounding Dalam rocks were subsequently wedged apart by the largely unmineralized Kali dikes. Gold is predominantly associated with the Main Grasberg porphyry system where it occurs as 1- to 150-µm (avg ~15 µm) native gold inclusions within chalcopyrite and bornite. Melt and fluid inclusions from Main Grasberg stockwork quartz veins, which exhibit crack-seal textures, comprise K-feldspar-rich silicate melt, sulfide melt, virtually water-free salt melt, and coexisting hypersaline and vapor-rich fluids. Factors important in forming the Grasberg deposit include the following: (1) generation of highly oxidized fertile magma in a postsubduction tectonic setting; (2) efficient extraction of metals from the parental magma chamber; (3) prolonged maintenance of a fluid-accumulating cupola in a strike-slip structural setting that delivered multiple overlapping discharges of metal-rich fluid; (4) highly focused fluid flow into a narrow, permeable stockwork zone in which a steep temperature gradient enabled highly efficient copper and gold precipitation and led to high ore grades; (5) limited dilution by postmineral intrusions; (6) the youthfulness of the deposit minimized erosion and resulted in preservation of nearly all the high-grade Main Grasberg porphyry orebody; and (7) the proximity of the two porphyry centers enables them to be mined as a single, large deposit. The Gajah Tidur copper-(molybdenum) and Main Grasberg copper-gold porphyry centers overlap in space and formed within ~250,000 years of one another. However, their distinct metal endowment, depth of emplacement, and geometry indicate that they formed under different magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural conditions, which are the subject of ongoing research.

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Gioncada, A., P. Fulignati, L. Vezzoli, R. Omarini, D. Bosch, O. Bruguier, R. Mazzuoli, and V. Lopez-Azarevich. "Magmatic Sulfides from the Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas Volcanic Complex, Northwest Argentina: Insights on Magma Fertility and Comparison with Mineralized Volcanic Systems." In Tectonomagmatic Influences on Metallogeny and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: A Tribute to Jeremy P. Richards (Volume I), 101–20. Society of Economic Geologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp24.07.

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Abstract The composition and fate of magmatic sulfides are some of the most critical factors invoked to play a role in the chalcophile metal fertility of arc magmas. Examination of magmatic sulfide accessory minerals in nonmineralized volcanic systems may help to understand the behavior of chalcophile metals at sulfide saturation. This study presents compositional data on magmatic sulfides in lavas of the late Miocene Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas Volcanic Complex, northwest Argentina. This is the easternmost magmatic occurrence in the back arc of the Southern Central Andes, at 27°S, about 75 km northeast from the world-class Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au deposit. At this latitude the late Miocene volcanic activity migrated eastward as a consequence of the shallowing slab subduction. Both copper-rich and pyrrhotite magmatic sulfide inclusions have been identified in the Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas volcanic suite, straddling the high K calc-alkaline–shoshonite boundary. We discuss the sulfide composition in the framework of magmatic evolution and in comparison to the metal content of magmatic sulfides of the coeval Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex, associated with the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au and other mineralized systems. The results show that sulfide liquid, exsolved from silicate melts of intermediate composition, stores Cu, Pb, Ag, and Bi in crystal mushes, reducing the mineralizing potential of residual melts while fertilizing the middle-upper crust. Gold behavior seems to be controlled by additional mechanisms, linked to the magma source or to an early partitioning into an S-bearing fluid phase. The high Au/Cu ratio of sulfides formed as monosulfide solid solution may be associated with the potassic character of the magmas in this sector of the Central Andes.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Copper silicates"

Zhao, X., M. Leavy, N. Magtoto, and J. A. Kelber. "Copper wetting of two-dimensional silicates: robust barriers for interconnect applications." In Proceedings of the IEEE 2001 International Interconnect Technology Conference. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc.2001.930000.

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Klozinski, Arkadiusz, Paulina Jakubowska, Damian Ambrozewicz, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Thermal properties of polyolefin composites with copper silicate." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-30: The 30th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918434.

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Ting, Chao-Cheng, Ya-Chi Liu, Hsuan-Hsien Chen, Chung-Ching Tsai, and Liwen Shih. "Root Cause Analysis and Correction of Single Metal Contact Open-Induced Scan Chain Failure in 90 nm Node VLSI." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0317.

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Abstract In this paper, the localization of open metal contact for 90nm node SOC is reported based on Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) technique and scan diagnosis for the first time. According to the detected excess carbon, silicon and oxygen signals obtained from X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), the failure was deemed to be caused by the incomplete removal of silicate photoresist polymer formed during the O2 plasma dry clean before copper plating. Based on this, we proposed to replace the dry clean with diluted HF clean prior to the copper plating, which can significantly remove the silicate polymers and increase the yield.

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STEPANOV, A. L., R. A. GANEEV, A. I. RYASNYANSKY, and T. USMANOV. "OPTICAL NONLINEARITY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY ION IMPLANTATION IN SILICATE GLASS." In Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures - Reviews and Short Notes to Nanomeeting 2003. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812796738_0035.

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Young, E. D., A. J. Andrews, and D. W. Coutts. "Oxygen Isotope Ratio Analysis of Silicate and Oxide Minerals by UV Ablation with a Frequency-Doubled Copper Vapour Laser." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cwf71.

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Development of reliable and precise methods for measuring the ratios of the isotopes of oxygen, 18O/16O and 17O/16O, in silicate minerals with spatial resolution on the order of tens of microns is of considerable interest to the geochemical community. Laser healing or ablation in a F2 atmosphere releases O2 tram small volumes of mineral material and so affords considerable reduction in sample size relative to conventional methods. A distinct advantage of laser treatment over other methods of microanalysis is that die liberated oxygen can be analysed using highly precise multicollector, magnetic sector mass spectrometers.

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Young, E. D. "Oxygen Isotope ratio Analysis of Silicate and Oxide Minerals by Ablation with a Frequency-Doubled Copper Vapour Laser." In Proceedings of European Meeting on Lasers and Electro-Optics. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe.1996.562326.

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Frankovič, Ana, Vilma Ducman, Lubica Kriskova, Efthymios Tatsis, Petrica Petrica, and Yiannis Pontikes. "The Development and Assessment of Alkali Activated Paving Blocks." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.2.2022.1.

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In recent years great attention has been placed by the building sector on alkali-activated technology based on metakaolin, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), but also on emerging precursors such as by-products from non-ferrous metallurgy. The present work focuses on the development of alkali-activated binders from two slags, one from primary and one from secondary copper production, which were finely milled, blended with GGBFS, and activated with K-based alkali silicate solution with a 1.7 SiO2/K2O molar ratio. The aggregate to paste mass ratio was 2. The mixtures were cast, and cured for a designated time at room temperature and 60% RH. The so-obtained paving blocks were then tested in accordance with European standard for concrete paving blocks. The following properties were measured: splitting tensile strength, abrasion resistance, slip and skid resistance, resistance to freeze-thaw and resistance to freeze-thaw in the presence of de-icing salts. Their properties were compared to those of commercially available concrete paving blocks, and it was found that the performance of the alkali-activated pavers was generally comparable with the concrete pavers, while certain properties (e.g., abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and freeze-thaw resistance in presence of de-icing salts) were considerably better.

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Д.В., Абрамов,, Данилов, О.В., and Хорьков, К.С. "TURKISH CERAMICS OF THE XVI-XVII CENTURIES FROM EXCAVATIONS IN MUROM: RAMAN ANALYSIS OF GLAZES AND PIGMENTS." In Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.162-173.

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В статье представлены результаты рамановского анализа химического и структурного состава фрагментов импортного глазурованного кувшина из раскопок в Муроме. Исследованы кроющая глазурь и пигменты, использованные при его росписи. Полученные результаты позволяют объективно определить место и время изготовления находок (Изник, Турция, XVI в.). Выявлены характерные особенности такой керамики, которые могут позволить атрибутировать находки ее фрагментов на основе материалов, использованных в красках: уваровита в оливково-зеленом линейном орнаменте, силиката кобальта со структурой оливина в синем фоне, окрашенного карбонатом меди стекла (smalt) в бирюзовых элементах росписи, аморфного углерода и хромита железа со структурой шпинели в черных линиях. Белый ангоб содержит переходные структуры, образовавшиеся при обжиге керамики. Их наличие позволяет оценить температурный режим обработки изделий в средневековых мастерских Изника. The article presents the results of Raman analysis of the chemical and structural composition of fragments of an imported glazed jug from excavations in Murom. The covering glaze and pigments that were used in its painting have been investigated. The obtained results make it possible to objectively determine the place and time of making the finds (Iznik, Turkey, 16th century). The revealed characteristic features of such ceramics can help to attribute the finds of its fragments based on the materials used in the paints. There are uvarovite in olive green linear ornament, cobalt silicate with olivine structure in a blue background, smalt colored with copper carbonate in turquoise elements of painting, amorphous carbon and iron chromite with a spinel structure in black lines. White engobe contains transitional structures formed during ceramic firing. Their presence makes it possible to estimate the temperature conditions of a products processing in Iznik’s medieval workshops.

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Torres, J., A. Perdones, A. Garcia, and F. J. Diez. "Imaging Measurements in Nano-Particle Enhanced Spray Cooling." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31072.

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Thermal control is a major constraint in spacecraft development as increased demand on electronics performance requires large heat dissipation from smaller surfaces which has led to increased challenges for thermal control. Spray cooling has a great amount of application in industrial processes as a heat removal method. It is thought to be the future in thermal management systems in space because of its capability for ‘close’ and accurate control of heat removal. Spray cooling is based on phase change heat transfer generating high heat transfer rates for low superheats. This last term is used to describe the difference in temperature between the heated surface and the cooling fluid. When the temperature of the surface to be cooled rises above the saturation temperature of the fluid splashed to the surface, a phase change occurs at the solid liquid interface during the boiling regime. However, the most interesting phase (regime) is the nucleating boiling where the critical heat flux, CHF, is reached. The CHF is then achieved due to the vapor generation is such as great that the liquid cannot still be in contact with the surface. Thus the heat is transferred through the vapor if there is not enough cold fluid. The thermal conductivity of vapor is lower and so the efficient of the cooling process. This turns out in a decrease on heat flux. Nowadays it is being taken more into account nanofluids as a technique capable of enhancing heat transfer. Nanofluids, a mix of nano-size particles in a base fluid, have been found to have a very high thermal conductivity as compared to the base fluid. In You et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004a; Moreno et al., 2005 water was used with various Al2O3 particle concentration in a flat plate nucleate pool boiling system. They came across with no change in the heat transfer coefficient but a dramatic enhancement in CHF. They also found that high concentrations can degrade nucleate boiling. The aim of this project is study the effects of spray cooling with suspended nano-particles as an enhanced method for heat transfer removal. The working fluid was water with different concentrations of alumina-oxide particles added. The alumina oxide particles were supplied by Nanophase Technologies (Nano Tek® Alumina Oxide AL-01000-003-025) which had a mean diameter of 60 nm. Three different concentrations were used and the following: .5 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L. Since clumping of particles can affect the heat transfer properties of the droplets, the solution was placed on inside an ultrasonic bath and left there for at least 24 hrs and immediately used in the experiments. Two nozzles were used in this experiment to study a wide range of sauter diameter of droplets. The experiment was carried out using three experimental techniques which looked into different characteristics of spray cooling. In the first mode, the fluid was sprayed onto a copper block heater surface while it was imaged with a high speed camera and synchronized with a high speed Nd-YAG laser. 9 thermocouples were positioned inside the copper block heater, as seen on Figure 1, to measure critical heat flux, while a camera was used to record different impact properties and the influence of nano-particles. Some of these properties were pool buildup size, spread, and duration of pool. For the second imaging technique, the spray on the heated surface was also considered to be an impinging jet, so to visualize the flow of this jet and how the heated surface affected it, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was used in the study. A third imaging technique was used to study the droplet behavior when in contact with a heated surface. A transparent glass heater made of aluminum silicate glass and coated with an ITO (indium tin oxide) film was used as the heater. The size of the drops had an average diameter of 2.38 mm. When compared to the copper block study, this method allows images to be taken from directly below the clear glass heater. Furthermore, these images allow for a clear edge detection of drops as they spread on the surface and what characteristics they develop when the droplets have different concentrations of nanoparticles, as seen on Figure 2. The experiment used a pulsed laser to provide the background illumination. This project is a continuing research project.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Copper silicates"

Veblen, D. R., and E. S. Ilton. HRTEM/AEM study of trace metal behavior, sheet silicate reactions, and fluid/solid mass balances in porphyry copper hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6956149.

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