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1
Tvauri, Andres. "Rootsi 17. sajandi vaskmüntide leid Põhja-Tartumaalt Vaidaverest [Abstract: A hoard of Swedish copper coin from Vaidavere]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2017.1.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper discusses a hoard of Swedish copper coins discovered using metal detector in 2013 in Vaidavere, eastern Estonia. 11,104 coins were hidden in the ground in a wooden box. Youngest of the coins were minted in the year 1654. Vast majority of the hoard consists of ¼ öre from the reign of queen Christina. 10 coins were struck for King Gustav II Adolf. Oldest coins of the hoard are from the year 1624.
Considering the numer of the coins, Vaidavere hoard is the largest in
Estonia and it also represents a largest hoard of seventeenth-century Swedish copper coins ever to have reached public collections. The owner of Vaidavere coins died probably during the Russo-Swedish War (1656–61), more precisely in the year 1656 when Russian troops conquered Tartu and looted neighbouring territories. Approximately 40 hoards discovered in Estonia can be associated with the hostile activities of the same war.
The paper compares the composition of Vaidavere hoard to the composition of other larger seventeenth-century copper coin hoards unearthed in Estonia and neighbouring countries. Results of the study reveal that the composition of different ¼ öre find assemblages from Estonia and Ingria is largely similar and in good correlation with the production rates of different Swedish mints in different years. Weighing of ¼ öre from Vaidavere hoard revealed that their average weight was considerably lower than the officially fixed minted standard.
2
Siklósi, Zsuzsanna, Eszter Horváth, Igor Maria Villa, Stefano Nisi, Viktória Mozgai, Bernadett Bajnóczi, Péter Csippán, Péter Hornok, and Péter Kiss. "The provenance of the raw material and the manufacturing technology of copper artefacts from the Copper Age hoard from Magyaregres, Hungary." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0278116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2016, a Stollhof-type copper hoard was found during an excavation in Magyaregres, Hungary. It was placed in a cooking pot, and deposited upside down within the boundaries of an Early Copper Age settlement. Similar hoards dating to the end of the 5th millennium BCE are well-known from Central Europe, however, this hoard represents the only one so far with thoroughly documented finding circumstances. The hoard contained 681 pieces of copper, 264 pieces of stone and a single Spondylus bead, along with 19 pieces of small tubular spiral copper coils, three spiral copper bracelets, and two large, spectacle spiral copper pendants. Until now, information on the provenance of raw materials and how such copper artefacts were manufactured has not been available. The artefacts were studied under optical microscopes to reveal the manufacturing process. Trace elemental composition (HR-ICP-MS) and lead isotope ratios (MC-ICP-MS) were measured to explore the provenance of raw materials. The ornaments were rolled or folded and coiled from thin sheets of copper using fahlore copper probably originating from the Northwestern Carpathians. A complex archaeological approach was employed to reveal the provenance, distribution and the social roles the ornaments could have played in the life of a Copper Age community. Evidence for local metallurgy was lacking in contemporaneous Transdanubian sites, therefore it is likely that the items of the hoard were manufactured closer to the raw material source, prior to being transported to Transdanubia as finished products. The method of deposition implies that such items were associated with special social contexts, represented exceptional values, and the context of deposition was also highly prescribed. The Magyaregres hoard serves as the first firm piece of evidence for the existence of a typologically independent Central European metallurgical circle which exploited the raw material sources located within its distribution.
3
Novotná, Mária, Tomáš Zachar, and Ján Dzúrik. "Fascinácia špirálou. Depot medených ozdobných predmetov zo staršieho eneolitu z Hrádku, okr. Nové Mesto nad Váhom / The fascination of spirals. An Early Eneolithic hoard of decorative copper artefacts near Hrádok, West Slovakia." Archeologické rozhledy 73, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 507–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2021.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An assemblage of few early Eneolithic hoard finds has been supplemented in 2009 by copper artefacts coming from a hoard discovered at Hrádok (Nové Mesto nad Váhom district), located in north-western Slovakia. The collection from Hrádok consists mostly of copper-wire jewellery. The presented study describes the results of typological and chronological analyses of spiral-shaped copper jewellery so far unknown in the region of Central Europe. The authors discuss the function of the artefacts, as well as their relation to the copper-wire industries of the type Malé Leváre, its variant Stollhof, and the type Hlinsko. Selected artefacts from the hoard from Hrádok were subjected to element (ICP-MS/ICP-OES) and isotope analyses. The results reveal additional information about the provenance and the type of copper present in hoard assemblages from the north-western part of the Carpathian Basin, dated to the end of the 5th Millennium BC. Contacts between the epilengyel Ludanice and Jordanów cultures are also discussed.
4
Durham, Emma. "Style and Substance: Some Metal Figurines from South-West Britain." Britannia 45 (May 20, 2014): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x14000270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA hoard found in Southbroom, Devizes in 1714 contained a group of copper-alloy figurines executed in both classical and local styles and depicting deities belonging to the Graeco-Roman and Gallo-Roman pantheons. The deities in a local style appear to form part of a larger tradition of figurines, predominantly found in the South-West, which are characterised both by a similar artistic style and by the use of Gallo-Roman symbolism and deities, such as the torc, ram-horned snake, carnivorous dog and Sucellus. The unique composition of the hoard in comparison with other hoards of similar date provides insights into the beliefs of Roman Britain.
5
Klochko, Viktor I. "Yamnaya Culture Hoard of Metal Objects, Ivanivka, Lower Murafa: Autogenesis of ‘Dniester Copper/Bronze Metallurgy’." Baltic-Pontic Studies 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bps-2017-0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In 2015 near the village of Ivonivka, Mohyliv-Podilskyi Region, Vinnytsia Oblast, a hoard of copper objects was found by chance by the River Murafa. The majority of objects belonging to the hoard were fashioned out of a rather pure copper with a combination of admixtures, which can be named ‘the Ivonivka group’.
6
Novotná, Mária, Tomáš Zachar, Ján Dzúrik, and Martin Kvietok. "Depot medených predmetov z Mníchovej Lehoty (okr. Trenčín). Príspevok k poznaniu antimónovej medi typu Nógrádmarcal v období staršieho eneolitu / Depotfund von Kupfergegenständen aus Mníchova Lehota (Bez. Trenčín). Beitrag zur Erkennung des Antimonkupfers vom Typ Nógrádmarcal in dem älteren Aeneolithikum." Památky archeologické 112 (December 1, 2021): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hoard of Copper Artefacts from Mníchova Lehota (Distr. Trenčín). Contribution to the Issue and Distribution of the Antimony Copper of Nógrádmarcal Type in the Early Copper Age. Submitted paper deals with the archaeological evaluation and elemental analysis of a collection of copper industry from the cadastre of municipality Mníchova Lehota (distr. Trenčín) in the north-west Slovakia. The hoard consists of two flat copper axes and a copper chisel. The basic typological-chronological analysis of the flat copper axes showed their connection with the Southeast European types and varieties of the series Pločnik, Coteana, Gumelniţa, as well as Central European types Stollhof, Strážnice, Kalinowice Dolne and axes of the group III of J. Říhovský. Statistical evaluation of basic morphometric parameters of the artefacts by means of principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the objects from the hoard from Mníchova Lehota belong to the Central European shapes. Separate issue is the elemental analysis of the copper artefacts by means of inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). On the basis of the statistical evaluation of the elemental analyses the authors set the origin of the copper material mainly in the antimonic copper. They pay attention to its distribution in the area of Central Europe and possible location of the copper material deposit.
7
Henry, Richard, David Roberts, Michael J. Grant, Ruth Pelling, and Peter Marshall. "A Contextual Analysis of the Late Roman Pewsey and Wilcot Vessel Hoards, Wiltshire." Britannia 50 (May 30, 2019): 149–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x19000266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn late summer, sometime between cala.d. 340–405, a hoard of tightly packed, stacked copper-alloy vessels was deposited in the Vale of Pewsey, Wiltshire. The corrosion of the vessels allowed for the preservation of delicate plant macrofossils and pollen. Analysis of this material has provided insights into the date, season and context of this act of structured deposition. A second hoard of similar vessels was deposited in the fourth or fifth century only a few miles away at Wilcot. The hoards and their deposition relate to Romano-British lifeways, at a time when the region was on the cusp of a dramatic period of change. The distribution of late Roman coins and belt fittings offers further insights into the social and economic character of Wiltshire at their times of deposition.
8
Dergaciova, Lilia, and Irina Stankiewicz. "Coin Hoard of Moldovan Copper Coins Found in the Belgorod Fortress on the Dniester River (Ukraine) / Skarb miedzianych monet mołdawskich znaleziony na terenie twierdzy Białogród nad Dniestrem (Ukraina)." Notae Numismaticae - Zapiski Numizmatyczne, no. 16 (May 20, 2022): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52800/ajst.1.16.a11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article we discuss a coin hoard found in the Belgorod fortress on the Dniester River (Ukraine). It was detected during archaeological investigations led by L.D. Dmitrov in 1946. It was found outside the fortress, on its glacis, as part of excavation site “A”. Until recently the hoard was unknown in the numismatic literature. At the moment of discovery, the hoard was composed of 34 coins (according to excavation diary kept in the archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). Today, only 33 coins are kept in the collection of the Institute of Archaeology. All of them are divisional copper coins of the Moldovan prince Alexander I, minted 1425–1430. Since the hoard can be classified as a small pouch of money of the same type – copper puls – it is difficult to set the period when it was lost or hidden. Most probably, this could have occurred either soon after the issue of the coins, at the end of the reign of Alexander I, or later, during the reign of his sons, Ilyash I in 1432–1433, or even Stephen II in 1433–1435.
9
Serikov, Yuri, and Sergey Grekhov. "Experimental Data on Jade Drilling by Hollow Bone and Copper Tube." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp212183195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Urals and adjacent territories, jade products are few and represented mainly by jewelry (rings and beads). The only exception is the preparation of the mace. All products date back to the Bronze Age. In other territories jade products (drilled axes) are known in the materials of the Borodino hoard in Moldova and hoard L in Troy. This article presents the results of experiments on drilling jade in different ways and using different abrasives. Drilling was done with a hollow bone drill and a copper tube. The experiments helped to clarify some aspects of the technology of manufacturing large diameter holes using a drill and rotation. At the same time, labor costs were determined in the process of using a bone drill and a copper tube. The important role of abrasives used for drilling has become clear.
10
Coombe, Penny, and Martin Henig. "The Gloucester Hoard of Roman Bronze." Britannia 51 (July 22, 2020): 225–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x20000501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA cache of Roman copper-alloy fragments was discovered, apparently carefully layered in a pit, in a field in Gloucestershire by metal-detectorists in 2017. The assemblage comprises over 5 kg of metal pieces, predominantly box fittings, but also smaller items of personal use such as a fourth-century belt buckle, a three-strand bracelet, a spoon and a coin (a nummus of Crispus). Most remarkable are the sculptural fragments, including several pieces of life-size statuary and the complete statuette of a dog with fine incised decoration, and part of an incised bronze inscription panel. This article considers the original form of the statuary and the use and deposition of the cache. It is proposed that these fragments represent the remains of the accoutrements of a temple or shrine in the local area, perhaps dedicated to Diana Venatrix, and that they were removed and deposited together in the late fourth century. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X20000501) and comprises additional figures.
11
Kazanowicz-Milejska, Marta, and Paweł Milejski. "Skarb groszy praskich z Wodzisławia." Numismatické listy 75, no. 1-4 (2022): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/nl.2020.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hoard of Prague groschen was discovered by chance at the Krzywa Street in Wodzisław (Jędrzejowski County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland) in 1949. Three ceramic vessels were found filled with silver and copper coins. The vessels were located close to each other but due to the accidental nature of the find and its theft by the labourers at the construction site, it was not possible to determine whether these containers were part of a single large hoard or three different ones. Among the coins, there were also 39 Prague groschen of Charles IV and Wenceslaus IV, which originally could have created a separate deposit. Some of them – 34 specimens – were published in 1966 by Teofila Opozda in the Wiadomości Numizmatyczne (vol. X, pp. 108–111). Since the time of this brief study, new and much more precise typologies of the issues of both rulers have been developed. In the presented article, we managed to process all the 39 Prague groschen and determine their chronology, along with the terminus post quem of the entire hoard.
12
Maróti, Boglárka, Ildikó Harsányi, and Zsolt Kasztovszky. "Non-destructive analysis of bronze objects from Füzesabony-Öregdomb." Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2017 (December 4, 2018): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54640/cah.2017.81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chemical composition of bronze findings from the Füzesabony-Öregdomb hoard and gold stray finds from Füzesabony were determined using non-destructive methods. The main components of the bronze objects are copper and tin, with small amount of nickel and lead. The latter objects are made predominantly of gold with 16–23 weight percent silver.
13
Begemann, Friedrich, Sigrid Schmitt-Strecker, Ernst Pernicka, and Fulvia Lo Schiavo. "Chemical composition and lead isotopy of copper and bronze from Nuragic Sardinia." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2001): 43–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present data on the chemical and lead isotope composition of copper and bronze objects from Nuragic Sardinia. The sample suite comprises, inter alia, objects from the hoard finds at Arzachena (21 objects), Bonnanaro (10), Ittireddu (34), and Pattada (20), all in northern Sardinia. With one exception, all ingot fragments (49) consist of unalloyed copper; the exception comes from Ittireddu and contains 11 per cent tin. In contradistinction, all implements (21) are made from standard bronze with a mean tin content of 10.8 per cent. A dozen sword fragments from the Arzachena hoard, all of fairly uniform small size, are pieces of a large number of different swords. The low tin content of only about 1 per cent would have made for poor weapons, confirming the archaeological identification of the fragments as pieces of votive swords. Scrap metal from Arzachena is remarkable for its wide range of trace element contents and lead isotope abundance ratios. It is dissimilar to all other metal samples investigated, possibly representing metal from local smelting experiments using a variety of different copper ores. Lead isotope data and trace element patterns, alone or in conjunction, do not allow us to tell oxhide ingots from plano-convex (bun) ingots. Most ingot fragments have a lead isotope signature similar to those of Cypriot copper ores but there are also a number of ingots whose lead isotope fingerprints are fully compatible with them being local products. Of the bronzes, none has lead with an isotopic composition characteristic of copper ingots from Cyprus. All contain local lead, suggesting the bronze implements were manufactured locally. Isotopically-fitting lead is found in copper and lead ore deposits from the Iglesiente-Sulcis district in south-west Sardinia and from Funtana Raminosa in central Sardinia.
14
Ghosh, Suchandra. "A Hoard of Copper Plates: Patronage and the Early Valkhā State." Studies in History 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643014558460.
Повний текст джерела
15
Mammadova, Aygun. "Quba rayonunun Çiləgir sikkə dəfinəsi XII – XIII əsrlərin pul təsərrüfatını açıqlayır". Scientific Bulletin 3 (2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/gedh7438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article, a coin hoard consisting of 46 coins which was found from the village of Chilagir of Guba region and now preserved in the Numismatic Fund of the National Museum of the History of Azerbaijan of ANAS, was studied for the first time. This treasure, handed over to the museum in 2006, consists of copper coins bearing the names of Azerbaijan atabegs Muhammad Jahan Pehlivan (1175 – 1186), Abubekr (1191 – 1210), Uzbek (1210 - 1225) and vassals of Azerbaijani atabegs, emirs of Derbend – Muzaffar (1136 – 1160), Bekbars (1160 – 1180), Abdal-Malik (1180 – 1225) and meliks of Ahar in South Azerbaijan Bishtekin ibn Muhammad (1175 - 1210). The coins of this hoard, explaining the monetary economy, also confirm that the main faith of the period was the Islamic religion, and the inscriptions and drawings of the coins tell about military history and craftsmanship. In the article, the author emphasizes that copper coins of the atabegs of Azerbaijan and their vassals were in different types and weights and the increased demand for a coin during the period of "silver crisis" was met by Azerbaijani city-mints (Ganja, Barda, Beylagan, Shamkir, etc.). The treasure of Chilagir, which has come down to modern times, is one of the valuable findings of our national numismatics. It is the duty of every citizen to collect, to study and to preserve such facts.
16
Salomon, Richard, K. V. Ramesh, and S. P. Tewari. "A Copper-Plate Hoard of the Gupta Period from Bagh, Madhya Pradesh." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 4 (October 1991): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603447.
Повний текст джерела
17
Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. "Oxhide Copper Ingots in Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Metals Trade." Annual of the British School at Athens 81 (November 1986): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lead isotope and neutron activation analyses of second millennium BC copper ingots are described. Examples from Cyprus, from the Mathiati hoard, and from Skouriotissa are consistent, and show similarities with Late Cypriot bronze artefacts from Hala Sultan Teke and Ayios Dhimitrios. Analysis of the Hagia Triada ingots shows that these Cretan examples were not imports from Cyprus. The possibility that they used Cretan ores is discussed and rejected. It is tentatively suggested they may be of Anatolian origin. It is clear that the Late Bronze Age metal trade was organized on a more complex basis than was previously assumed to be the case.
18
Pearce, Mark. "Reconstructing prehistoric metallurgical knowledge: the northern Italian Copper and Bronze Ages." European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 1 (1998): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1998.1.1.51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper attempts to integrate the results of chemical analyses, which are seriously underused in archaeological discourse, with other classes of information in order to try to interpret ancient metal working behaviour and knowledge within a semiotic framework, adopting the modernist premise that ancient metalworking was both rational and deliberate. A number of case studies from northern Italy is discussed. In the first it is noted that in the Copper Age Remedello culture arsenical copper was used for halberds and daggers while purer copper was used for flat axes; it is suggested that this distinction reflects deliberate choice and explanations are offered for it. The second case study regards the interpretation of the Pieve Albignola early Bronze Age axe hoard; evidence for the workshop practices of ancient bronzesmiths and for the use of axe preforms as ingots is discussed. The third case study concerns the swords and daggers of the middle and recent Bronze Age; finds context (tombs and wetlands) are discussed and it is suggested that metal analyses may indicate that sometimes these artefacts are not primarily functional.
19
Gerrard, James. "WELLS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS AT THE END OF ROMAN BRITAIN: A CASE STUDY FROM ROMAN LONDON." Late Antique Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2011): 551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent discovery of a large hoard of copper-alloy, pewter and iron vessels in a late 4th to early 5th c. well at Drapers’ Gardens in the City of London highlights the role that wells and shafts played in late antique ritual life. Examination of the well’s contents reveals that these ‘pots and pans’ were not hidden in a time of crisis but were carefully placed alongside ritually killed objects and a dismembered juvenile red deer in a complex ritual act. This paper undertakes a speculative exploration of this act’s significance and its possible meaning.
20
Guerra, Maria Filomena, and Isabel Tissot. "Analytical Study of Overlooked Bronze Age and Iron Age Goldwork from Northwest Portugal." METALLA 26, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/metalla.v26.2022.i1.3-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To gain further insight into the use of native gold and intentional gold alloys during the Bronze Age in Northwest Portugal, jewellery in the collections of three Portuguese museums was studied using an in-house built portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Among the analysed objects are the Late Bronze Age bracelet from Monte Airoso (Viseu) and the Iron Age tubular bracelet from Regoufe (Aveiro). To shed more light on the manufacture of gold bracelets, have also been analysed all the components (bracelets, wires and bands) of the hoard of Arnozela (Braga), so far incompletely studied. The results obtained show that from the Middle Bronze Age onwards gold containing 8-11 wt.% silver is used, to which gradually increasing amounts of copper seem to have been added over time. These results support a heterogeneous chronology for the components of the hoard of Arnozela and show that the bracelet from Monte Airoso is made from an intentional gold alloy used in the Portuguese area during the Late Bronze Age. On the contrary, the bracelet from Regoufe is made from native gold without addition of copper. This could indicate that at least during a certain period the goldsmiths used both native gold as found and intentional alloys.Two other objects, discussed on the light of the data obtained for the bracelets, complete the study. One of them is one of the two Portuguese Early Bronze Age gold sheet ornaments with cut parallel bands (so-called gargantilha de tiras), found in Braga. Without obvious signs of use-wear like other ornaments of the same type, and made, as expected, with gold hammered into sheet, this ornament is made from an alloy that seems to correspond to a later period using gold from another origin. Finally, the composition of some of the components of the Late Bronze Age-Iron Age string from Malhada (Vila Real), a set of gold decorated plaques made from punched gold sheet by using different and asymmetrical punches, supports the addition of small amounts of copper to gold to produce intentional alloys.
21
Summers, G. D. "Metalwork in Gaziantep Museum said to be a Hoard from the Region of Sakçagözü." Anatolian Studies 41 (December 1991): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642939.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1974 a group of copper alloy objects, including two figurines and a number of weapons, was taken to Adana Museum by a dealer from İslahiye. The objects were said to have come from a site near Kilis. One of the figurines, which has gold foil on the face, was bought by Adana Museum. Temporary closure of Adana Museum has precluded examination of this figurine. In 1975 fourteen copper alloy objects from this same group, including a figurine wearing gold and silver ornaments around the neck, were purchased from the same dealer by the Gaziantep Museum for the sum of thirty thousand Turkish Lira, then about one thousand pounds sterling. This time they were said to have come from the vicinity of Sakçagözü. Staff of Gaziantep Museum brought the existence of this hoard to the attention of the British Institute which was engaged in a restudy of material from earlier British excavations in the Sakçagözü region (French and Summers 1988). The author is extremely grateful to the Museum for allowing access to the finds, to David French for his encouragement and advice, Tuǧrul Çakar for the photography and Jane Goddard who made the drawings. This paper has benefited greatly from discussions with Drs. John Curtis, Roger Moorey, Graham Philip and Trevor Watkins. Any faults remain, of course, the responsibility of the author.
22
Kogălniceanu, Raluca, Ana Ile, Monica Mărgărit, Angela Simalcsik, and Valentin Dumitraşcu. "A hoard of astragals discovered in the Copper Age settlement at Iepureşti, Giurgiu County, Romania." Documenta Praehistorica 41 (December 30, 2014): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.41.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the discovery of 25 abraded and perforated ovicaprid astragals in a burned house at the Gumelnita Copper Age settlement at Iepuresti in Southern Romania. They were analysed in terms of their processing, of the taphonomic processes that affected them (burning), and of their spatial distribution. These astragals were also analysed in the wider context of more or less similar discoveries made mainly south and east of the Carpathian Mountains, in Romania, but also south of the Danube, in Bulgaria.
23
Dzięgielewski, Karol, Anna Longa, Jerzy Langer, and Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo. "Contextualisation of the Early Iron Age hoard of bronze objects discovered in Gdynia-Karwiny, site 1." Recherches Archéologique Nouvelle Serie 10 (December 31, 2019): 21–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/rechacrac.ns10.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the amateur discovery of a hoard of bronze ornaments (a kidney bracelet and two hollow ankle rings) in 2014 in a forest near Gdynia (Pomerania, northern Poland), the place was subjected to excavation. It turned out that in the nearest context of the bronzes (which had been found arranged one on top of the other in a narrow pit reaching 60 cm in depth) there was a cluster of stones, some of which could have been arranged intentionally in order to mark the place of the deposit. Next to this alleged stone circle there was a deep hearth used to heat stones, and for burning amber as incense. Remains of amber were preserved in the form of lumps and probably also as a deposit on the walls of some vessels. Some of the features of the examined complex may indicate a non-profane nature of the deposit: the presence of the stone structure, traces of burning amber, the location of the deposition spot in a not very habitable flattening of a narrow valley, as well as the chemical composition of the alloy of metals themselves. The ornaments were made of a porous copper alloy with a high addition of lead, antimony and arsenic, which could promote their fragility and poor use value. However, the ceramics found near the place where the bronzes are deposited do not differ from the settlement pottery of the time. The hoard and its context should be dated to the transition phase between the periods HaC1 and HaC2 (the turn of the 8th and 7th cent. BC). The Gdynia-Karwiny deposit adds to the list of finds from a period marked by the most frequent occurrence of hoards in Pomerania (turn of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age). Its research seems to contribute to the interpretation of the deposition of metal objects as a phenomenon primarily of a ritual nature, and at the same time a social behaviour: a manifestation of competition for prestige.
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Özgen, Engin, and G. D. Summers. "Metalwork in the Gaziantep and Adana Museums: an Addendum." Anatolian Studies 43 (December 1993): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The publication in this journal of a hoard of metalwork reported to have come from the region of Sakçagözü omitted any reference to the original publication of this material by Engin Özgen in 1985. The opportunity has now been taken to publish photographs of the two copper (?alloy) figurines and their gold and silver adornments, one in the Adana Museum and the other in Gaziantep Museum (PI. XV) and, because the original publication is out of print, to provide a detailed description of the Adana piece. We are grateful to the Directors of the two museums Bey İsmet İpek (Adana) and Bey Rifat Ergeç (Gaziantep) for facilitating this study and to Tuğrul Čakar for the photographs.No new information concerning the discovery and dispersal of the metalwork has come to light. It is the conviction of the authors that the close stylistic and technical resemblance between the two figurines and the addition to both of gold foil and silver torques greatly increases the probability that, firstly, the pieces are genuine antiquities and, secondly, that all of the objects were found together in a single hoard. No new evidence has emerged to contradict our earlier, independently deduced suggestion of an early second millennium date.
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Abramzon, Mikhail G., and Sergey N. Ostapenko. "A Hoard of the 4th-1th centuries BC Copper Bosporan Coins from the Settlement “Veselovka 5” (2014)." Journal of historical, philological and cultural studies 2, no. 52 (June 30, 2016): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1992-0431-2016-2-52-260-267.
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Abramzon, Mikhail G., and Andrey M. Novichikhin. "A HOARD OF PANTIKAPAION COPPER COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FROM THE CHORA OF GORGIPPIA (1986)." Journal of historical philological and cultural studies 3, no. 61 (September 30, 2018): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1992-0431-2018-3-61-234-249.
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Giumlia-Mair, Alessandra, Edward J. Keall, Aaron N. Shugar, and Susan Stock. "Investigation of a Copper-based Hoard from the Megalithic Site of al-Midamman, Yemen: an Interdisciplinary Approach." Journal of Archaeological Science 29, no. 2 (February 2002): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0686.
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Kowalski, Łukasz, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Jacek Gackowski, Dominik Ścibior, Małgorzata Perek-Nowak, Kamil Adamczak, and Piotr Długosz. "Towards direct casting." Archeologické rozhledy 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2019.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study reports the results of archaeometallurgical investigations performed on a complete two-part bronze casting mould discovered in the village of Elgiszewo (north Poland). The mould was part of the so-called Lusatian founder’s hoard deposited on the southern borders of the Chełmno group territory between 900 and 700 BC. The investigations involved the employment of spectral (ED XRF, SEM-EDS, X-ray)and microscopic (SEM-EDS, OM) analyses. The experimental casting of the model mould and socketed axe was carried out in this study as well. The chemical composition of the mould indicates the use of fire-refined (oxidized) fahlore scrap bronze, which could originally be composed of North Tyrolean copper fahlores. The metallographic results furthermore indicate deliberate tin abandonment by the Lusatian metalworker to maintain a thermal resistance of the mould during direct metal casting. Having analysed the results of the performed research, we can state that the mould from Elgiszewo was capable of ensuring direct casting and was in fact used by the Lusatian metalworkers for this purpose before the mould was finally deposited.
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Valério, P., J. Soares, M. F. Araújo, L. C. Alves, and C. Tavares da Silva. "The Composition of the São Brás Copper Hoard in Relation to the Bell Beaker Metallurgy in the South‐western Iberian Peninsula." Archaeometry 61, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12422.
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Biagi, Paolo, and Massimo Vidale. "Lakheen-Jo-Daro, an Indus Civilization Settlement at Sukkur in Upper Sindh (Pakistan): A Scrap Copper Hoard and Human Figurine from a Dated Context." Asian Perspectives 61, no. 1 (2022): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2022.0001.
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McCarthy, Mike, Mike Bishop, and Thom Richardson. "Roman armour and metalworking at Carlisle, Cumbria, England." Antiquity 75, no. 289 (September 2001): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent excavations at the Roman fort in Carlisle, Cumbria, have yielded a large number of pieces of articulated Roman armour and other items. This is the most important such find in Britain since the Corbridge hoard was excavated in 1964 (Allason-Jones & Bishop 1988).On the north side of the via principalis adjacent to the headquarters building (principia), the corner of a timber building was uncovered (FIGURE 2). On the floor was a quantity of articulated and disarticulated fragments of predominantly ferrous Roman armour, including as many as three crushed, but complete, laminated arm defences. Although first used by Hellenistic cavalry and referred to in Xenophon’s Art of horsemanship (XI.13-XII.5), and later used by gladiators, this type of armour was adopted by Roman legionaries. It was once thought that armguards (manicae) were very rare and only employed under special circumstances, such as Trajan’s wars in Dacia where they were used to counter the deadly scythe-like falx (Richmond 1982: 49–50). A number of similar finds have been made, as at Newstead (Curle 1911: plate XXIII) and Richborough, Kent (M. Lyne pers. comm.), but they are often isolated and the pieces crushed, making reconstruction difficult and speculative. A graffito from Dura-Europos (FIGURE 1) shows a mounted soldier with a tall helmet and a mail or scale neck-guard, with similar limb and abdominal defences (Robinson 1975: figure 190). The Carlisle assemblage is important for the retrieval of articulated pieces, with associated copper-alloy rivets and leather.
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Alferov, O. A., B. O. Motsya, and A. V. Petrauskas. "STUDY OF THE HOARD OF SILVER COINS NEAR HORODNYTSIA VILLAGE." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 40, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.03.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Minting own coin is one of the attributes of state formation. The first coins of the Old Rus are represented by gold and silver specimens dating from the late tenth — early eleventh century. Gold coins are very rare, the silver ones are presented much more.
Most modern researchers believe that the production of silver coins was started by Volodymyr Sviatoslavych and ended under Yaroslav Volodymyrovych after the beginning of his reign in Kyiv. In 2020 the third known hoard of silver coins was discovered near Gorodnytsia village, Novohrad-Volynskyi district, Zhytomyr region. It was found accidently by local resident S. M. Komar who in the next day after discovery handed it over to the authorities which was recorded in the relevant documents.
The expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine conducted archaeological research at the hoard location. The place where the silver coins have been occurred was recorded. Several more coins were found in the pit where the hoard was and nearby. Surrounding area was examined. Near the hoard the presence of land- and waterways, which functioned in the medieval period, was recorded. Near the river Sluch there are convenient places for crossing.
During the exploration of the area adjacent to the hoard in order to study the archaeological context the settlement was discovered. The artifacts found on it date it to the 9th—13th and 16th—18th centuries. Powerful fortifications in the form of moats, ramparts and escarpments have been preserved. Probably, the formation of the silver hoard is connected with the ancient roads along the Sluch River and the Old Rus settlement on the site of the modern settlement of Gorodnytsia.
In total 38 silver coins were in the hoard. 31 of them belonged to the minting of Volodymyr Sviatoslavych, and 7 to Sviatopolk Yaropolkovych. Vladimir’s coins are presented in three types — II (6 copies), III (16 copies) and IV (9 copies). Sviatopolk’s coins represent all three of his existing numismatic types — I (4 copies), II (2 copies) and III (1 copy). 10 silver coins of Volodymyr and 1 of Svyatopolk are represented by previously unknown stamp pairs. 2 coins of Vladimir, which have an unknown combination of stamps, are of particular scientific interest.
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Renfrew, Colin, Olga Philaniotou, Neil Brodie, and Giorgos Gavalas. "The Early Cycladic Settlement at Dhaskalio, Keros: Preliminary Report of the 2008 Excavation Season." Annual of the British School at Athens 104 (November 2009): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400000198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2008 excavations on the small island of Dhaskalio opposite Dhaskalio Kavos on the Cycladic island of Keros are reviewed. An account is given of the survey, recording many walls of the early Bronze Age, and of the excavations, continued from the 2007 season. Excavations at the summit of Dhaskalio revealed a substantial building 16 m long and 4 m wide, within which was discovered the ‘Dhaskalio hoard’ comprising a chisel, an axe-adze, and a shaft-hole axe of copper or bronze. Study of the pottery reveals continuity, within which a sequence of three phases within the Early Cycladic II and III periods can be established.Excavations were continued and concluded within the Special Deposit at Kavos South with the recovery of many more special but fragmentary materials including marble vessels and figurines. Specialist studies for the geomorphology, geology, petrology, ceramic petrology, metallurgy and environmental aspects (botanical and faunal remains, phytoliths) are in progress. No more fieldwork is planned prior to final publication of the 2006 to 2008 seasons.Στο άρθρο ετηχειρείται ένας συνοπτικός απολογισμός των ανασκαφών της περιόδου του 2008 στην νησΐδα Δασκαλιό, απέναντι από τον Κάβο Δασκαλιού, στο ΝΔ άκρο της νήσου Κέρου, των Κυκλάδων. Περιληππκά αναφέρονται τα αποτελέσματα της τοπογράφησης με τον εντοπισμό πολλών τοίχων της Πρώψης Εποχής του Χαλκού, αλλά και αυτά της ανασκαφής, η οποία αποτελεί την συνέχεια των ανασκαφών του 2007. Κατά τις ανασκαφές στην κορυφή του Δασκαλιού αποκαλύφθηκε ένα ευμέγεθες κτήριο μήκους 16 μέτρων και πλάτους 4 μέτρων, εντός του οποίου βρέθηκε ο ‘Θησαυρός του Δασκαλχού’, ο οποίος αποτελείται από μία σμίλη, μία αξίνα-πέλεκυ, κοα έναν πέλεκυ με συμφυή οττή για την τοποθέτηση του στειλεού, όλα χάλκινα ή μπρούτζινα. Η μελέτη της κεραμικής απέφερε σημαντικά αποτελέσματα και απέδειξε ότι υπάρχει συνέχεια. Η αυτή ίδια μελέτη κατέδειξε μία ακολουθία τριών φάσεων, οι οποίες χρονολογήθηκαν από την Πρωτοκυκλαδική II έως και την Πρωτοκυκλαδική III περίοδο.Οι ανασκαφές στον Κάβο Δασκαλιού συνεχίστηκαν και ολοκληρώθηκαν στην περιοχή της Νότιας Ειδικής Απόθεσης με την αποκάλυψη πλήθους ιδιαίτερων, αλλά αποσπασματικά σωζόμενων, ευρημάτων, μεταξύ των οποίων, πολλών μαρμάρινων αγγείων και ενδοίλίων.Οι εξειδικευμένες μνκρομορφολογικές-γεωαρχαιολογικές, γεωλογικές και πετρογραφικές μελέτες, αλλά και οι αναλύσεις πηλού και οι μελέτες, που αφορούν στην αρχαιομεταλλουργία και στο παλαιοπεριβάλλον (αναλύσεις των καταλοίπων της χλωρίδας και της πανίδας αλλά και των φυτολίθων), βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη. Άλλες έρευνες επί του εδάφους προς το ηαρόν δεν προγραμματίζονται, πριν από την ολοκλήρωση της τελικής δημοσίευσης των αποτελεσμάτων των ερευνών των περιόδων 2006 έως και 2008.
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Sidarovich, Vital, and Ksenia Ermalitskaia. "Comparative Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Two Groups of Barbarian Coins: Struck Imitations and Cast Copies of Roman Imperial Denarii." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp214271282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The territory of Belarus is one of the peripheral zones of the distribution of struck and cast barbarian imitations of the denarii of the Roman Empire. The study of these coins, carried out using laser atomic emission spectroscopy, showed that struck imitations differ little in their elemental composition from genuine denarii, and the composition of cast copies is very diverse — from specimens made of base metals (copper, tin and lead) to coins with very high silver content. Taking into account the differences in technology and, probably, in the chronology of the production of these groups of coins, the data obtained as a result of the analysis let us think about the existence of two relatively independent production traditions in the barbarian coinage. It can also be assumed that the functions of struck and cast imitations in barbarian society were different, as indicated by the absence of cast copies in the hoards of imperial denarii.
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Tegart, W. J. McG, and B. S. Hickman. "Howard Knox Worner 1913–2006." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Howard Knox Worner was a renowned figure in Australian applied science and engineering. His successful career can be credited to his strong intellect, leadership and charisma. Coming from a humble farming background, he achieved a brilliant academic career in metallurgy and materials at the University of Melbourne. From the position of Dean of Engineering he moved into industry as Director of Research with BHP where his leadership led to significant improvements in conventional steel production and where he conceived his concept of continuous steelmaking. This was not put into practice but after moving to CRA he applied his concept to continuous copper production where it has largely been accepted around the world. Later he was a high-level adviser to Government on energy research and development, particularly the economic utilization of brown coal for liquid and gaseous fuels. In his ‘retirement' he became deeply involved at the University of Wollongong in the application of microwaves to mineral processing and waste treatment. He died on 17 November 2006, aged 93.
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Govedarica, Blagoje. "The Maikop engraving." Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, no. 41 (January 6, 2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih-41.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topic of this article is the engraved scenery on one of the metal vessels from princely kurgan grave in Maikop. The scene realistically displays certain landschaft with hills and many other details, making it unique in its time and space. Apart from unquestionable artistic value, its significance also lies in a proper interpretation of the display which can contribute to the clarification of certain issues regarding the development of the Maikop culture community. The analysis of the engraved scenery was a point of interest for almost all researchers of the Maikop culture and they all agree that it shows quite vast landscape or some kind of a layout of a specific area with its characteristic relief, plants and animals. However, when it concerns the issue of identification of presented landschaft, the opinions vary. This article analyses various interpretations (Farmakovskij, Munchaev, Amscler, Hintze), and the author ultimately supports Farmakovskij the most, who claims that this is a representation of North Caucasus area, i.e. the territory of Maikop culture what makes this engraving, the vessel as well, made by domesticcraftsman. There are several points that attribute to this claim. The displayed mountain range matches the most to the Caucasian range viewed from the north and the displayed animals, including lions and panthers, lived at this area at the time. That this vessel is a domestic product indicates the fact that Maikopian gold and silver ware has no analogies in contemporarycultures, including golden pearls as well as bull and lion figurines from the graves in Maikop and from Staromišatovska hoard. The Maikop culture was one of the most important centers for the development and distribution of copper alloy metallurgy (arsenic bronze and nickel bronze) which marks the beginning of the new epoch of the Bronze Age. According to allthings considered, there is a concept of luxurious vessels and other precious metal items, including realistic animal figurines – the artistic style which is going to be recognizable during the next 3rd millennium in urban culture of neighboring Mesopotamia. To support the mentioned interpretation by Farmakovskij, it can be concluded that the attempt to identify prehistoric landschaft based on present-day relief can be misguiding because the geographical layout of northernCaucasus in 4th millennium BC was quite different from the one we have today. The absolute dating puts the Maikop kurgan into the time period between 3700 – 3500 BC, the beginning of Subboreal, the age of Fedorov’s transgression when the level of Black and the Sea of Azov was up to 3m higher than today. Accordingly, the coastal line of the Sea of Azov at thetime had to be much more inside the Kuban area, including the delta of the river Kuban. Having that in mind, the more accurate location of the area represented in the Maikop engraving can be predicted. This could be the territory of north-western Caucasus ruled by the Maikop prince. Left river, with larger bend would be Kuban, while the right would be Belajaflowing through present-day Maikop. Nowadays, Belaja flows into an artificial lake, recently created at the river Kuban, while during the period of the Maikop culture, both of these rivers could flow into the Sea of Azov, close to present-day lake or further to the west.
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Videman, Jan. "Notes to the role of the so-called imitative coins at the beginning of the Bohemian (and Moravian) coinage of the 10th century." Numismatické listy 72, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2017): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nl-2017-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article is focused on problems with the so-called imitative coins, i.e. deniers copying the Bavarian and Bohemian prototypes which are documented in hoards together with official issues. In the case of the earliest phase of production of the first Bohemian coins – dating to the third quarter of the 10th century – also the so-called imitative pieces with corruptive marginal legends are registered in the contemporary hoards together with the official coins bearing the name of the duke and the mint. The author brings an actualized list of these coins produced in that period and found locally. The pieces made of worse-quality metal – mostly with plated copper core – dominate among the newly documented specimens predominantly coming from important hillforts or trade centers. Based on the map of the finds and on the variability of their fabric, at least a significant part of these coins were evidently mostly produced outside of the center of the Duchy of Bohemia (Prague). Local origin can be considered also in the case of the Moravian pieces.
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Абрамзон, М. Г., Ю. Ю. Ефимова, Н. В. Копцева, and И. А. Сапрыкина. "X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS AND THE X-RAY SPECTRAL MICROANALYSIS OF LATE BOSPORAN STATERS FROM THE PHANAGORIAN AND GAI-KODZOR HOARDS: TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND POSSIBLE COPPER ORE SOURCES." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 262 (November 15, 2021): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.262.402-413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Боспорские статеры 285/286-341/342 гг. н. э. подверглись исследованию методами рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа (РФА) и рентгеноспектрального микроанализа (РСМА) в сканирующем электронном микроскопе (СЭМ) с целью определения химического состава сплава и возможных источников медного сырья для чеканки монет. Установлено, что на боспорском монетном дворе применялась широкая номенклатура медных сплавов: медь, свинцовая, оловянная, оловянно-свинцовая и многокомпонентная бронзы, а также сплавы меди с добавками серебра. В условиях дефицита чистой меди на монетном дворе использовался медный лом, содержащий другие цветные металлы. Археометрические исследования позволяют проследить по годам эмиссий динамику деградации сплавов статеров, вызванную высокими темпами инфляции в правление Фофорса - Рескупорида VI. «Порча» медной монеты вызвана напряженными поисками государством финансов для борьбы с варварами. Полученные данные проливают новый свет на малоизвестные особенности монетного производства позднего Боспора. The Bosporan staters of AD 285/286-341/342 were investigated at their surfaces by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and at the cross-sections by X-ray spectral microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDXMA) in order to determine the chemical composition of the alloy and proposal sources of copper raw materials for coin production. It is established that the Bosporan mint used a wide range of copper alloys: copper, lead-, tin-, tin-lead and multicomponent bronzes, as well as copper alloys with silver additives. When there was a deficit of pure copper, the mint used copper scrap containing other non-ferrous metals. Archaeometric studies allow us to trace the dynamics of degradation of coinage alloys over the years of emissions caused by high rates of inflation during the reign of Thothorses to Rhescuporis VI. The ‘damage' of the copper coin is caused by the state's intense search for money to fight the barbarians. The obtained data shed new light on a little-known feature of the Later Bosporan Kingdom coin production.
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Volodarets-Urbanovych, Yaroslav, and Viktor Nesterovskyi. "Amber Beads from Slavic Early Medieval Sites: Analysis of the Source Base." Arheologia, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.03.032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article amber beads from Slavic sites of the early Middle Ages are presented. A catalogue was compiled, which included information on 21 archaeological monuments and complexes. These locations are divided into three regions of concentration. Such finds come from the hoards of Martynivka and Pastyrske circles and the Pastyrske hill-fort, inhumated burials (Mokhnach, Balaklia) and the hill-forts of the Kolochyn culture. According to the number of finds, the monuments and complexes can be divided into six groups (fig. 2): 1 — the number of finds is unknown; 2 — with the number of finds from one to eight beads; 3 — complexes with the number of finds of about one and a half dozen copies of amber beads; 4 — with about 20 beads; 5 — a burial from Balaklia, where 30 beads were found; 6 — a burial from Mokhnach with 117 items. At least 285 amber beads come from Slavic monuments. However, the number of finds in some of the complexes is unknown. Only 132 items are defined typologically. As a result of morphological analysis, seven types were identified based on general outlines, which were divided into variants based on the section (fig. 3; Table 2). All of these types were found in the hoards of Martynivka and Pastyrske circles, on the sites and in complexes associated with these two chronological groups. Only the materials of Demydivka settlement indicate the beginning of the existence of type 1 within the second half of the 5th — beginning / first half of the 6th centuries. Amber beads are not typical for the materials of previous Proto-Slavic archaeological cultures. They are known only on a few monuments of the Kyiv culture (Table. 3; fig. 11). Finds of amber beads are unknown for the materials of the Volyntseve, Romny and Raiky cultures. Amber beads appear only in Kyivan Rus period. The analysis and comparison of beads from two complexes — Khyttsi hoard and the collection of Kolomak region were carried out. An analysis of scientific publications, the geological situation of the region and direct research of artefacts by laboratory methods allows us to draw the following conclusions: - amber from all the monuments may be of local origin or imported from the deposits of the Right-Bank of the Dnipro River; - processing of amber was carried out by local craftsmen. To do so, they used a grinding stone (sandstone) and a polishing material (clay), which was applied to a cloth or felt. Holes were drilled mechanically using a metal flattened at the end of the needle. The shape of the beads generally depended on the primary morphology of the found amber fragments and did not differ in complexity. The most time-consuming, in our opinion, is a round disk-shaped one, since for its manufacture it was necessary to obtain a flat, even surface on both sides.
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Kozubovskyi, Heorhii. "About the Upper Border of the Кyiv Grivnas Usage". Archaeology, № 4 (14 грудня 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of the usage of silver payment ingots (Kyiv grivnas) after the Mongol invasion is analyzed in the article. Such silver ingots are dated by the ХІІ — first half of the ХІІІ c., until the invasion of 1239—1240 by majority of authors. However, historical and numismatic facts testify to the important role, which the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» played in the second half of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» are occasionally among the finds of the beginning of the ХІV c. The weight of most ingots was about 160 g (are kept in the well-known standards — 163,7 g). However, a part of them has the weight of 170—216 g. It was connected with a great extent of rise in price of bread and grain in the middle – second part of the XIII c. The analysis of certain part of grivnas of the «Kyiv type» indicate, that the content of silver in them was very different. Absolute majority of grivnas has high percentage of silver — 900—950/1000. However, the certain part of them has high content of copper and other metals (400 °, 600 °, 750 °, 800 °, 870 °) and also there are present copper grivnas of the «Kyiv type». Part of researchers considers copper grivnas as old or modern false ingots. Several copper grivnas show the presence of silver (4,14 %. 9,80 %). For the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» manufacturing there was used well-quality silver as well alloys with concentrations of copper and other metals. These several grivnas of the «Kyiv type» could be made from billon Byzantine and oriental coins of the XIII c. Copper Byzantine coins of the ХІІ—ХІV c. are fixed in the Eastern Europe among the objects found in hoards and occasionally. A wide distribution of the Byzantine copper coins in Rus gives a testimony to the fact that they intensively were used in the local commerce. Discoveries of copper oriental coins of the middle of the XIII c. have been fixed in Kyiv. Reduction of the silver ingots usage was connected with global catastrophe associated with the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan and Mongol tribute. However, these facts didn’t cause the complete disappearance of grivnas in the middle of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» appeared to be the main currency and in the second half of the ХІІІ c. (Mongol tribute, ransoms and etc.) on the certain territory of Eastern Europe.
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Nadvirniak, Oleksandr, and Oleg Pogorilets. "HOARD OF ANTONINIANI FROM THE SOUTHERN POBUZHIA." Ukrainian Numismatic Annual, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-148-173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In autumn 2009, 33 whole and 3 fragmented аntoniniani were discovered and collected within the object of the Late Roman Age - Pereginka (Balakiri)2.
According to available information, mostly the coins were concentrated in a limited area with sides of about 15 by 10 meters, and only a few ones were spread by plowing equipment at a distance of up to 30 meters. The distribution of coins and the general state of preservation suggests the collected аntoniniani may have been a part of the deposit, which lay at a depth of 25-40 cm, and was made on the day surface due to the use of more powerful attachments that is used in recent years in the cultivation of agricultural land.
In the following years, another five whole and three fragmented аntoniniani were found. The total number of discovered coins is 44 copies.
Chronologically, the complex is determined by the lower date – 238 A.D. – the issues of Gordian III: «IOVI CONCERVATORI» and «PROVIDENTIA AVG»; and the upper – 251-253 A.D. – the issues of Trebonianus Gallus «PIETAS AVGG» and Voluzian «PAX AVGG». The chronological framework of the complex's emissions is a relatively short period – about 15 years.
The complex became the first fixed and attributed deposit of аntoniniani in the forest-steppe zone of South-Eastern Europe and it is extremely important for understanding the processes of formation of Chernyakhiv culture, as well as, further analysis and development of socio-economic relations of the Roman Empire and «Barbarian» communities in the east of the Danube Limes line.
At the same time, the limited source base makes no sense to draw any conclusions about the ethnicity or social status of the deposit holder, as well as about possible ways of entering аntoniniani from the complex Perehinka (Balakiri) 2 on the territory of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. To receive conditions close to reality it is possible under the condition of detectiono of the closed complex (or its additional inspection) at carrying out full-fledged archeological researches of the given object.
Undoubtedly, one can declare working hypotheses: the аntoniniani came here as prey captured by the «barbarians» during the fighting of 247-251 A.D.; or as a part of the ransom payments promised by Trebonianus Gallus to the «barbaric» tribal or military elite. It can be assumed that the аntoniniani belonged to one of the soldiers of the legions stationed in Moesia, who rebelled and joined the coalition of «barbarian» tribes during the «Scythian» wars, we can appeal to the testimony of Zosimus (Zos., I, 28) about a successful campaign of the Roman units in 253 A.D. those were led by Aemilian, during which not only the detachments of «barbarians» led by Kniva were defeated, but also a successful raid was carried out in their land. It is possible to consider assumptions that the complex could be a part of monetary maintenance of the serviceman or the veteran of regular or federal divisions… But – concerning each of the above-stated hypotheses it will be possible to find and express equal argumentation «for» and «against». As with the typology, the deposit is classified as a single-nominal or mixed treasure, as not only denarii but also sesterces and provincial issues are found on the site.
We should also pay attention to another key point. The оbject Perehinka (Balakiri) 2, territorially belonging to the upper reaches of the Southern Bug, is located in a region characterized not only by high density and extreme saturation of monuments those belong to the Chernyakhiv culture, but also as one of the main areas its formation. It is here the objects represented by artifacts attesting to their belonging to the early stage of the Chernyakhiv culture are concentrated: Ruzhychanka, Cherneliv-Rusky, Berezhanka, Lepesivka, Luka-Vrublivetska, Chankiv I, and others.
If we take into account the chronology of the early stage of Chernyakhiv culture- the so-called «ruzhychanka phase» (according to E. Gorokhovsky) – 230-270 A.D.; the «first phase» (according to I. Bazhan and A. Gay), which are generally synchronized with phase C1 of the Central-European chronological system – 220-260 A.D. – then the complex of аntoniniani from Pereginka (Balakiri)2 can be one of its chronological benchmarks, as an example, and аntoniniani Valerian and Trajan Decius (for Gerenia Etruscilla) in one of the burials of the Chernyakhiv necropolis of Talalayevka (Khrystynivskyi district, Cherkasy region).
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Brádle, Vojtěch. "Coins of the Bohemian type struck under Oldrich of Hardegg in Kłodzko." Numismatické listy 72, no. 1-2 (2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nl-2017-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In time of Oldrich of Hardegg († 1536), three small silver denominations copying different coins were produced in Kłodzko. While the pfennigs of the Austrian type are known mainly from hoards in the Austrian territory, the hellers of the Silesian type and the coins of the Bohemian type are documented mostly in the Czech Lands. White coins struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon (1471–1516) served as prototypes for the copies of the Bohemian type. Issuers of the coins of the Bohemian type in Kłodzko can be easily identified from their marginal legends: there is the name of Oldrich with his title the Count of Hardegg or the Count of Kłodzko legible there. Based on iconographical analysis, analysis of hoards and information from the written sources, it is possible to judge that these coins were struck perhaps in 1512/1513–1514. Because of their extraordinary similarity with official coins, the ruler banned their production starting with March 17, 1514.
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Williams, Rick. "An Experiment in Manufacturing Blanks and Striking Coins." Antichthon 50 (November 2016): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ann.2016.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the second half of the 6th century BC four South Italian Greek colonial cities – Sybaris, Croton, Metapontum and Caulonia – were minting silver-copper alloy coins, all in the incuse fabric, with the same weight standard of c. 8gm. These incuse coins were to remain in production at Croton and Metapontum for the next 100 years.Coins hoards indicate that these four cities began minting their coinage at the outset as very fine, artistic – even exquisite – objects of fine crafts-manship. Each coin was thin (1mm), broad (30mm) and of a consistently uniform weight and diameter, and each coin was struck between dies of exceptional quality. During subsequent decades the diameter of the coinage was progressively reduced.At Monash University in 1980 we conducted experiments in coin manufacturing to determine how the minters at Croton in the 6th century produced these thin, incuse coins from only a small amount (8gm) of silver alloy, how they maintained a consistent weight standard across a century of minting, and why they progressively reduced the size of their coins during this period.It is well-known that the manufacturing processes of objects made from metal alloys can be revealed by examining their crystal structures.In our experiments in manufacturing broad, thin ‘Monash coins’, we examined the crystal structures at various stages throughout the process. To do this we made coin blanks of various diameters, all made from 8gm of silver-copper alloy. These blanks were subjected to hardness tests and photographs were made of the alloy’s crystal microstructures. ‘Coins’ were then minted by striking blanks between two manufactured replica dies, and their microstructures were compared with the microstructures of a genuine Croton incuse coin fragment.This is the first time these results have been published.
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Chapman, John, and Bisserka Gaydarska. "The Deposition of History in Prehistory: Copper Objects on Sites and in the Landscape." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 86 (November 6, 2020): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A variable proportion of finds from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of ‘Old Europe’ has come from places outside settlements, cemeteries, production sites, ritual sites, or caves. Such finds tend to be described as ‘chance/isolated/single/stray’ finds or, when in groups, as ‘hoards’. The frequent, modernist cause invoked for these finds is that they were either ‘hidden’ in times of mortal danger, represented a ‘gift to the gods’, or simply ‘lost’. One reason for these explanatory shortcomings is the over-attention to the types of objects deposited in the landscape and the frequent lack of attention to the often-distinctive place of deposition. We believe that we have misnamed, overlooked, or not accurately characterised an entire class of sites, which we term ‘landscape deposition sites’, whose defining feature was the transformation of a place by the deposition of a significant object or group of objects to create a qualitatively different place. The creation of such landscape deposit sites varied in time and space throughout Old Europe, but all sites were affected by this new dimension of the extended cultural domain.In this article, we consider the interpretations of metal deposition in North-west Europe and the light they shed on an earlier and geographically different region. The primary aim of this paper is an exploration of the variable relationships between landscape deposit sites and the coeval finds made in special deposits in settlements and cemeteries in the 5th and 4th millennia bc, which will lead to proposed new interpretations of landscape deposition sites.
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Boucher, Aurelien, Baptiste Fedi, Marie-Laure Doche, Loic Exbrayat, and Jean-Yves Hihn. "Modelling Investigation of the Impact of Several Process Parameters on the Growth of the Viscous Layer during the Electropolishing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 25 (July 7, 2022): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01251218mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electrochemical polishing (EP) is of great interest because it is able to deal with small parts exhibiting high complex shapes and/or material hard to be polished. Electropolishing is an electrolytic process based on the anodic dissolution of the workpiece under constant current or potential. Previous work done on stainless steel 316L shows the ability of the process to obtain smooth and bright surfaces [1]. The mechanisms describing EP are not yet fully understood, but several mechanisms can be taken into account for its description and prediction. Jacquet’s theory is based on the influence of an electric resistance gradient [2]. Elmore will then complete it with the gradient of concentration in metal cation [3,4]. Diard and al proposed the role of so called “acceptor” species [5]. While Hoar and Mowat’s work are based on the formation of an oxide layer on the surface [6]. All theories have in common the establishment of a viscous layer (solid or liquid) that governs the process. On this basis, it is possible to propose a numerical approach for the simulation of the viscous layer formation during electropolishing of stainless steel 316L and Inconel parts. The objective is to demonstrate the impact of various process parameters (electrochemical parameters, electrolyte nature and concentration as well as hydrodynamic conditions) on the growth and the stability of this layer. The figure illustrate the simulation of the viscous layer growth during the electropolishing of a plate at the bottom taking into account the circulation of the electrolyte from the left to the right. [1] C. Rotty, A. Mandroyan, M-L Doche, J-Y Hihn, Surface & Coatings Technology vol.307 p125–135 (2016). [2] JACQUET, P.A., Electrolytic method for obtaining bright copper surfaces, Nature 135 (1935) 1076. [3] ELMORE, W.C., Electrolytic Polishing, J. Appl. Phys. 10 (1939) 724–727, http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707257. [4] ELMORE, W.C., Electrolytic Polishing II, J. Appl. Phys. 11 (1940) 797–799, http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1712738. [5] DIARD, J.P., LANDAUD, P., LE CANUT, J.-M., LE GORREC, B., Interprétation cinétique du palier de polissage électrochimique des métaux, 6ème forum sur les impédances électrochimiques, Montrouge, 1992. [6] HOAR, T.P., MOWAT, J.A.S., Mechanism of electropolishing, Nature 165 (1950) 64–65. Figure 1
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Remley, Paul G. "Daniel, the Three Youths fragment and the transmission of Old English verse." Anglo-Saxon England 31 (December 2002): 81–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675102000054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The theories of oral-formulaic composition advanced by Albert B. Lord, his mentor and collaborator Milman Parry, and their later twentieth-century followers have been adduced frequently in studies of Old English verse, elements of whose language must go back ultimately to an oral tradition. After decades of research, however, scholars have yet to find conclusive answers to some basic questions: did literate Anglo-Saxons continue to practise techniques of extemporaneous versification? If so, did they continue to develop the mnemonic skills attributed to oral poets? It is clear that the monuments of Old English verse reveal many examples of formulaic language (for example, se mæra maga Healfdenes, se mæra mago Healfdenes and se mæra maga Ecgðeowes); but should we regard this language as a reliable witness to oral-formulaic versification or, perhaps, as a hybrid, ‘literary-formulaic’ idiom? Finally, if we accept the synchronic (or achronic) models of the formulaic ‘word-hoard’ that inform many Old English studies, is it pointless even to speculate about poetic influence, direction of borrowing and similar concerns? If so, how should we regard, say, two parallel uses of the unusual phrase enge anpaðas, occurring verbatim in Beowulf and the poetic Exodus but nowhere else among the surviving monuments? Must we view these parallels as isolated outcroppings in the trackless expanse of the Old English poetic corpus? Largely as a result of the scarcity of verse preserved in multiple copies, such questions have remained debatable into the present century.
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Hajjari, Elaheh, Omid Oudbashi, and Esmail Hemati Azandaryani. "Technical studies on the mechanisms of corrosion and state of conservation of two hoards of Persian copper coins (folus) from the Safavid period in Iran." Journal of the Institute of Conservation 44, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914698.
Повний текст джерела
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Toma, Corina. "“The iconographic lineage” of Toc-Chereluș coin-type. Relationship between Dacian scyphates and the coins from the Scordisci territory." Acta Musei Napocensis 57 (December 12, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.57.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article resumes the topic of the lineage relationship between the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues and Toc Chereluș imitations. The coin hoards found at Ostrovul Șimian (Romania) and Krčedin (Serbia) and the hybrid issues legitimize Karl Pink’s view on locating coins Crișeni Berchieș stage b in the Scordisci area. The relationship with the Sirmium type and the Dyrrhachium drachmas amends the chronology of the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues, which goes back from the first half of the 2nd century BC to the end of this century or (sooner) early 1st century BC. Aspects related to the prototype’s location and dating directly impact the establishment of the Toc Chereluș scyphates’ chronology. The Toc Chereluș scyphates are the result of mixing two monetary types issued in the Scordisci area: the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues for the obverse and those of type Sirmium for the reverse. The chronology of the Toc Chereluș imitations, broadly framed to the second half of the 2nd century BC and first decades of the following century is therefore narrowed down. Copies cannot precede the prototype and, given also the suggested chronology for the Macedonia Prima and Thasos tetradrachms, we believe that Toc Chereluș coins were struck after early 1st century BC. As a result, the hypothesis on the continuity of the local mint from Dacia must be abandoned, since between the Celtic coinage in the first stage and the Toc Chereluș scyphates, which together with those intra Carpathian compose the second stage, there is a gap of almost half a century.
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Quiroga Fernández, Sofía. "Moholy-Nagy’s Light Prop for an Electric Stage. Design, Copies and Reproductions." Disegno, no. 1-2 (2021): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21096/disegno_2021_1-2sqf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
László Moholy-Nagy worked on the prototype for Light Prop for an Electric Stage for eight years, from 1922 to 1930, developing several sketches and designs. The final drawings and model were made with the collaboration of the Hungarian architect Stefan Sebök (István Sebők). The device was built by the AEG company, and it was displayed for the first time in the Werkbund exhibition held in Paris in 1930, where it appeared as an autonomous aesthetic object. This was clearly captured in the film Light Play: Black-White-Gray, in which Moholy-Nagy recorded its kinetic quality in the spirit of the abstract films developed at that time. The film clearly shows the motion of the lighting device as a formal exercise of abstraction using double exposures, special effects and close-ups. The Light Prop underwent several alterations over time to keep it working in a variety of exhibitions around Europe and America. In 1956, after Moholy-Nagy passed away, his widow, Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, donated it to the Harvard Busch-Reisinger Museum, where it has remained ever since. After further damage caused by inappropriate restoration and its mechanical instability, the Light Prop was reconstructed in 1969 for the exhibition From Pigment to Light, celebrated at the Howard Wise Gallery in New York (Tsai et al. 2017). The idea of a copy emerged during the planning of this exhibition to preserve the legacy of Moholy-Nagy’s knowledge. Sibyl Moholy-Nagy finally approved this idea in 1970, allowing the production of two copies, one for the exhibition and the other for the 35th Venice Biennale (1970). Both reproductions were kept and sent to the Bauhaus Archive in Darmstadt and the Van Abbemuseum, where the original device had suffered repeated damage during the KunstLichtKunst exhibition (1966). The essay attempts to trace the timeline of modifications from the original device to the reproductions.
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Søvsø, Mette Højmark. "Middelalderlige ringspænder – Typologi, datering og brug." Kuml 58, no. 58 (October 18, 2009): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v58i58.26394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Medieval ring brooches from Denmark – Typology, dating and use Ring brooches are one of the most common types of jewellery from the Middle Ages. They consist of a closed frame with a fixed pin (fig. 1). The metal detector activity of recent years has increased the number of these brooches. They have not previously been dealt with separately in Denmark. This article is based on the collection and typological classification of 215 ring brooches from present-day Denmark. These brooches can be classified into seven types with 23 sub-types (fig. 2). Nine of the brooches have no Danish parallel. The frames are most often circular, but their form varies. The circular brooches (types 1-3) are the most common. They make up 83% of the Danish brooches, whereas other frame shapes are less common (fig. 3). The use of ring brooches arose simultaneously with the Byzantine fashion of dress from the 12th century. The fashion dictated long coats or kirtles for both sexes (fig. 4). The neck opening of the kirtles was equipped with a slit which was fastened with a ring brooch (fig. 5); the brooches were also used to fasten cloaks. The ring brooches can be dated to a period extending from the 12th century until some time in the 15th century. In the beginning, functionality had priority, but later ring brooches appeared which were solely for decoration or were used to attach other items to the clothing. Dating of the individual types is based on stylistic and archaeological criteria together with numismatic dates from hoards. The latter two dating methods in particular provide a narrower dating framework for some of the types; this applies to, for example, types 3 and 4.1 (fig. 8). The earliest example in Scandinavian art of the use of ring brooches is from around AD 1200 (fig. 15), whereas there are archaeological finds from Denmark from the second half of the 12th century. Fig. 8 provides an overview of Danish and foreign dates for the ring brooch types. Types 1 and 2 both occur in the 12th century, whereas the other types appear from the 13th century. Some of the types are seen across large parts of Europe. This applies, for example, to types 1.1, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.6. Others have a more limited geographical distribution, which reflects cultural and trade-related links. This applies to types 1.4, 2.5 and 3. Some brooches are unique to Denmark but all have parallels in other countries. This underlines the fact that there are, by and large, no unique brooches, but that they all have a greater or smaller distribution (figs. 12 and 13). The ring brooches are often made from various types of copper alloy, while precious metals are more rarely used (fig. 14). They occur in a series of social contexts and this underlines the applicability of this type of jewellery. Most of the types occur as precious metal as well as alloy, and the same decorative elements are seen on brooches of very different quality (figs. 7 and 10). Ring brooches were worn by both men and women and probably also by children. Their size can give an indication of who wore them and how. The visual arts are a good source in this respect (fig. 5). Other sources include wills and, in rare cases, inscriptions on the brooches themselves, revealing the sex of the person who wore them. The greatest diameter of the ring brooches lies typically between 20 and 29 mm. A group comprising 12 brooches differs in this respect, having a diameter of between 13 and 19 mm, and eight medium- sized brooches have a diameter of between 50 and 59 mm. A group comprising 10 brooches has diameters of between 60 and 96 mm. These large brooches were probably cloak-fasteners. Medieval jewellery was often associated with great symbolism. This could be through the material from which they were made, in the form of metal and precious or semi-precious stones which was ascribed special significance. The symbolic value becomes clearest through the many inscriptions of a religious or amorous nature (fig. 9). Ring brooches were, like finger rings, a symbol of fidelity and love, and their function as a fastener for a cloak became, in a figurative sense, a picture of chastity. Mette Højmark SøvsøSydvestjyske Museer