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1
Hamana, Hiroyuki, Mitsushi Tominaga, Miyu Ozaki, and Ryoshu Furutani. "Calibration of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine Considering Measuring Posture." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (March 5, 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three-dimensional Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are widely used to measure wide-ranging accuracy. Parameters describing CMM use mechanisms must be calibrated by measuring artifacts for the target CMM. Most CMM calibration studies have covered orthogonal rather than non-orthogonal CMMs. We focused on calibration for a nonorthogonal articulated-Arm CMM (ACMM), which has more measurement freedom than an orthogonal CMM, although ACMM measurement error exceeds that of orthogonal CMMs. The kinematic parameters of ACMM are calibrated using spherical center coordinates as the artifact. Part of the measuring volume is calibrated, but the ACMM is not sufficiently calibrated. To calibrate arm deformation in different measurement posture as well as kinematic parameters, we produced a new artifact for which we propose calibration confirmed in experiments.
2
Phimpisan, Phaireepinas, and Chatchapol Chungchoo. "A Best Practice Guideline for Inspecting Precision Machined Parts by Using Several Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 894 (September 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.894.90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently in Thailand, original equipment manufacturers (OEM) who produce precision-machined parts face a serious problem about product rejection from customers. This is because measuring results from the OEM supplier differ from the measuring results from the OEM buyer. Normally, for precision-machined parts, OEM suppliers and OEM buyers use CMM machines as an inspection tool. One major cause of the difference in measurements is that suppliers and buyers use different CMM machine, operators and measuring methods. In order to mitigate the difference in measurements, the standard guideline for measuring precision-machined parts by CMM machines needs to be improved. In this research, the guideline was developed by studying the best practices of five successful companies, who could minimize rejection due to the differences in the CMM machine operators and measuring methods. Validation results indicated that when manufacturers who had precision problems used this guideline, the product rejection could decreased significantly.
3
Dhoska, Klodian, Toomas Kübarsepp, Altin Dorri, and Agus Pramono. "Metrological Overview for Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In manufacturing system, 3D Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used for inspection services where the product should be subjected to the verification of design specifications. It is usually necessary to know the accuracy of 3D CMM equipment during the verification process of the product quality in mass production. To insure and increase the accuracy of 3D CMM the international series standards ISO 10360 are used. This paper presents the importance of the establishment of traceability to international standards as a key role for the reliability of 3D CMM measurement results.
4
Nouri, Mahtab, Arash Farzan, Ali Reza Akbarzadeh Baghban, and Reza Massudi. "Comparison of clinical bracket point registration with 3D laser scanner and coordinate measuring machine." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.1.059-065.oar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of a laser scanner developed to determine the coordinates of clinical bracket points and to compare with the results of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). METHODS: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, the coordinates of the bracket points were measured on all casts by a CMM. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bracket points were measured on the same casts by a 3D laser scanner designed at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. The validity and reliability of each system were assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg's formula. RESULTS: The difference between the mean dimension and the actual value for the CMM was 0.0066 mm. (95% CI: 69.98340, 69.99140). The mean difference for the laser scanner was 0.107 ± 0.133 mm (95% CI: -0.002, 0.24). In each method, differences were not significant. The ICC comparing the two methods was 0.998 for the X coordinate, and 0.996 for the Y coordinate; the mean difference for coordinates recorded in the entire arch and for each tooth was 0.616 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of clinical bracket point coordinates measured by the laser scanner was equal to that of CMM. The mean difference in measurements was within the range of operator errors.
5
Lin, Psang Dain, and Jung-Fa Hsieh. "Dimension Inspection of Spatial Cams by CNC Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of spatial cam inspection is still predominantly approached from simple gauging by manufacturers in today’s industry, despite the fact that Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) is both available and one of the most reliable and accurate metrological tools. Therefore, a kinematic model is presented in this paper to aid in the determination of the required NC data equations in order to move the probe to the desired position to inspect spatial cams on CNC CMM. This study originated from the need for advanced algorithms for the profile inspection of high precision manufactured spatial cams. To achieve this, the 4×4 homogeneous transformation matrix is employed to determine spatial cam profiles. Then, the CMM’s ability function matrix and the measuring-probe location matrix are derived. The desired NC data equations are obtained by solving the CMM link variables by equating the ability function matrix with the probe location matrix. A technique to minimize the sum of squared errors is also addressed by searching a best fit coordinate frame. To verify the validity of the method, this approach was implemented in software which was then used in a CNC CMM to measure a known spatial cam, with excellent results. The methodology developed in this paper can make the cam inspection process more flexible, automatic, and controllable. [S1087-1357(00)71001-X]
6
Morimoto, Yoshitaka, Keisuke Nakato, and Motoshi Gontani. "Accuracy Evaluation of 5-Axis Machining Center Based on Measurements of Machined Workpiece – Evaluation of Accuracy of 5-Axis Controlled Machining Center –." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 5 (September 5, 2012): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new method for evaluating the geometrical accuracy of a 5-axis Machining Center (MC) based on the measurement results of the machined workpiece has been developed. The strategy behind our method is to utilize, because of its accuracy, a Coordinates Measuring Machine (CMM) as a master gauge. Thus, the machine operator machines the workpiece and a technologist of precise measurement takes the measurements. In our study, non-rotational machining is utilized to copy and trace the machine trajectory on the workpiece, minimizing the machining error. The profiles of the machined workpiece are measured and evaluated by a CMM, and the geometric errors of the machining center are extracted. Themeasurement results are sufficiently accurate compared to those taken using the square master gauge calibrated by CMM previously. In this report, the machining setup, including workpiece design, tool design, and cutting conditions, is proposed, and the experimental procedures and results of the evaluation are given.
7
Watanabe, M., and Ryoshu Furutani. "Development of a Sensitive Probe for Coordinate Measuring Machines." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Requirement for precision measurement becomes extremely advanced as industrial needs advances. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) is one of the most adequate measuring machines to meet the requirement. As the precision of CMM becomes higher, it is important to improve the sensitivity of probe. We developed a contact type probe which consisted of a QPD (quadratic photo diode), a ball lens, and a laser diode to detect the displacement of stylus. The probe system has a resolution of 31nm.
8
Pahk, H. J., M. Burdekin, and G. N. Peggs. "Development of virtual coordinate measuring machines incorporating probe errors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 212, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405981515833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a comprehensive computer model is described which can be used to predict the volu- metric errors from the parametric errors of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and its probing system, for most configurations of CMMs. Several sets of previously unpublished rules have been derived to transform the CMM parametric errors into a corresponding volumetric error map. Thus a virtual CMM has been developed, implementing the integrated volumetric error model. The developed system has been applied to two practical configurations of CMM, in order to demonstrate the performance and practical application of the system.
9
Chen, Long, Tingting Ren, Lei Tao, Jun Xiong, and Chunyan Gu. "Discussion on Fast Calibration Method of Coordinate Measuring Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2206, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2206/1/012001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article presents a novel design of a device with simple structure, convenient operation and stable performance for fast calibration of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). The purpose of the design is aiming at the solving the problems of long timeconsuming, high cost and high requirements for calibration personnel during the traditional calibration process of CMMs. The technical specifications of the designed calibration device complies with ISO 10360-2-2009 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)-Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)-Part 2: CMMs for measuring linear dimension and ISO 10360-5-2020 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)-Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)-Part 5: Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) using single and multiple stylus contacting probing systems using discrete point and/or scanning measuring mode. The device can complete the calibration of the CMMs quickly, obtain the size error and probing error of the CMM in a short time, and provide data support for users to determine whether the CMM meets the application requirements.
10
Huang, Feng Shan, and Li Chen. "CCD Camera Calibration Technology Based on the Translation of Coordinate Measuring Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new CCD camera calibration method based on the translation of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is proposed. The CMM brings the CCD camera to produce the relative translation with respect to the center of the white ceramic standard sphere along the X, Y, Z axis, and the coordinates of the different positions of the calibration characteristic point in the probe coordinate system can be generated. Meanwhile, the camera captures the image of the white ceramic standard sphere at every position, and the coordinates of the calibration characteristic point in the computer frame coordinate system can be registered. The calibration mathematic model was established, and the calibration steps were given and the calibration system was set up. The comparing calibration result shows that precision of this method is equivalent to that of the special calibration method, and the difference between the calibrating data of these two methods is within ±1μm.
11
Hsieh, Jung-Fa. "DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION OF TRANSLATING CAMS BY CNC COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 36, no. 3 (September 2012): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2012-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a simple and analytical method is proposed for accomplishing the inspection procedure. In the proposed approach, a kinematic model of the cam profile is derived using homogenous coordinate transformation theory. The normal vectors and principal curvature of the designed translating cam are then derived from the analytical expression for the cam profile. Based on the coordinates and normal vector of each specified point on the cam profile, the NC data required to move the CMM inspection probe to the surface of the cam are then obtained. A least-square fitting method is proposed to minimize the inspection error caused by a misalignment of the actual evaluation frame relative to the ideal frame.
12
Krismantara, Paulus Agung. "Routine Monitoring DCC CMM using Laser Interferometer." ACMIT Proceedings 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/acmit.v5i1.69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Manufacturing deals with the high quality product due to the accuracy which produced by measuring machines. In other case, the performance of regular diagnostic of measuring machine should be maintained to aim confidence and reliability in the measurements result. One of the equipment that can reach high accuracy is Direct Computer Control Coordinate Measuring Machine (DCC CMM). The accuracy of DCC CMM is a critical factor that affects result of product measuring. Operator need the higher accuracy machine to maintain the DCC CMM Performance and the consequent of the machine should has better accuracy than the DCC CMM accuracy it self. One of that tool is laser interferometer which has better accuracy than DCC CMM specification and produce the data and can be analyzed for DCC CMM performance. The consistent performance of the DCC CMM is constrained by the errors that brought by the machine error that occurs on a periodic basis on the account of machine usage, machine age and operating temperature. DCC CMM accuracy was compensated and improved by identifying the machine condition. This condition also applicable for predict the machine errors.
13
di Giacomo, Benedito, César Augusto Galvão de Morais, Vagner Augusto de Souza, and Luiz Carlos Neves. "Modeling Errors in Coordinate Measuring Machines and Machine Tools Using Homogeneous Transformation Matrices (HTM)." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM's) have attributes to provide results with accuracy and repeatability in measurements, so they are considered equipment with potential for application in industrial environments, specifically in inspection processes. However, as in a machine tools the knowledge of the errors in CMM is needed and allows applying techniques of error compensation. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model of the kinematic errors of a bridge type CMM in "X", "Y" and "Z" directions. Modeling of the errors was accomplished using coordinate transformations applied to the rigid body kinematics; the method of the homogeneous transformation was used for the development of the model. The position and angular errors for the three axes of CMM, in addition to errors related to the absence of orthogonality between them were equated. This study allowed to conclude that modeling of errors applied to CMM allied to calibration is able to evaluate the metrological performance of equipment with displacement on guides, thus is possible to use this technique as error budget analysis in machines.
14
Thai, Ha Thi Thu, and Khanh Van Quoc Nguyen. "AN APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK IN CALIBRATION OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2010): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i4.2178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two most important requirements of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are the accuracy and the traceability. However, after a long period of use, errors caused by dynamic forces, thermal expansion, loads, etc can decrease the accuracy as well as the traceability. Therefore, CMM is calibrated to minimize these errors as small as possible. First at all, a geometric error model of CMM is proved mathematically. A method of determining 21 parametric errors by using a Hole Plate then is presented. In addition, a back-propagation algorithm is introduced to approximate parametric errors of all points in the CMM working volume. Finally, the proposed calibration method is demonstrated experimentally.
15
Lyu, Jiaqi, and Souran Manoochehri. "Error modeling and compensation for FDM machines." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 10 (November 11, 2019): 1565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2017-0068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy of fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines. Design/methodology/approach An integrated error model and compensation methods are developed to improve the accuracy of FDM machines. The effects of machine-dependent and process-dependent errors are included in this integrated model. The error model is then used to obtain compensated values for the printed object. A three-dimensional artifact is designed for the FDM machine characterization. This process takes place only once and an error model for the machine is then developed. An artifact is designed that is feature rich and its coordinates are measured by the coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The CMM digitized values for the three-dimensional artifact are used to calculate the coefficients of the model. The integrated error model of the machine can be used to obtain the compensated values for any given part models. The coefficients of the integrated error model are machine-dependent and represent machine error estimation. To demonstrate this, two test examples are used and modified based on the machine model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Findings The errors from machine mechanical structure and process are evaluated. The variation trend of each error is analyzed. The uncompensated and compensated models are compared, and the effectiveness of the integrated error model and compensation method is analyzed and validated. Originality/value An effective integrated error model with compensation is developed, which can be used to improve the FDM machines accuracy.
16
Pei, Shi Hui, and Yu Min Ma. "The Expert System for Auto Programming in Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flexible automated manufacturing environment put new demands to the Coordinate Measuring Machines, an operator in CAD center, inputs inspection requirements according to the drawings parameter, should automatically generate the CMM measuring programs. To solve these issues, we use of an expert systems which is composed of the knowledge base, the inference engine, a database and a human-machine interface.
17
Dong, Chensong, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang, and Guoxiong Zhang. "Prediction and Compensation of Dynamic Errors for Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 3 (July 11, 2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1465435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely utilized as measuring tools in the modern manufacturing industry. Rapidly approaching now is the trend for next-generation CMMs. However, the increases in measuring velocity of CMM applications are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, a systematic approach for modeling the dynamic errors of a touch-trigger probe CMM is developed through theoretical analysis and experimental study. An overall analysis of the dynamic errors of CMMs is conducted, with weak components of the CMM identified with a laser interferometer. The probing process, as conducted with a touch-trigger probe, is analyzed. The dynamic errors are measured, modeled, and predicted using neural networks. The results indicate that, using this mode, it is possible to compensate for the dynamic errors of CMMs.
18
Yan, Yong Gang, Yan Qin Li, and Zhan Kui Wang. "Optimization Design of Coordinate Measuring Machine Based on ANSYS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a large-scale geometrical detecting instrument. It is of high accuracy, high efficiency simple operation and automation. So, it can ensure the product quality for modern mechanical manufacture industry, and is widely used in the industry such as aircraft, automobile, military and national defense. However, it does not meet gradually the requirement of modern industry because of its measuring accuracy. How to monitor geometrical error rapidly and high accurately is a key research project. To solve the problem, some studies have been carried out. In this paper, a coordinate measuring machine was firstly designed by modern design method. Three dimensional model is built using PRO/E software. And some key components were optimized by using finite element analysis method. The simulating results show that the size and structure of the designed coordinate measuring machines are optimized and improved relate to previous CMM. This study will play an important instructing role for us in studying a novel CMM.
19
Dong, Chensong, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang, and Guoxiong Zhang. "Reducing the Dynamic Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1623185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely utilized as measuring tools in the modern manufacturing industry. Fast and accurate probing is the current trend for the next generation of CMMs. However, measuring velocity of CMM applications are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, the dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The limited stiffness of air bearings were found to cause dynamic errors due to the existence of Abbe’s offsets. The characteristics of the air bearings used on CMMs were modeled by the finite element analysis (FEA). The load capacity and stiffness of the air bearings were computed. Using this model, the dynamic errors of the CMM were reduced through revising the air bearing design. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, the performance of the air bearings was tested both statically and dynamically. The results show that the dynamic errors can be significantly reduced.
20
Woźniak, Adam, and Grzegorz Krajewski. "CMM Dynamic Properties of the Scanning Measurement of a 2D Profile." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scanning probe CMMs have come to be considered the standard in coordinate metrology, not only because they provide high-quantity, high-speed data gathering but also because the scanning technology significantly decreases inspection time. Modern manufacturing, especially in today’s highly competitive economy, requires increasingly efficient measuring machines and processes because inspection machines have often become the bottlenecks in the entire manufacturing processes. More efficient coordinate metrology can mean faster measurement cycles with acceptable accuracies. However, increasing scanning speeds has also significantly increased errors. This article proposes a new method of investigating and identifying the principal components of CMM dynamic errors. The principle of the method is presented, and the validity of the method is experimentally confirmed on a bridge coordinate measuring machine.
21
Matsuda, Jiro. "Uncertainty Analysis of Three-Dimensional Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 2 (April 20, 1997): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of the condition that the distances between planes be measured in accordance with the ISO guide ""Uncertainty of Measurement"", the uncertainty of measurement of a CMM in the orthogonal coordinate system has been obtained by carrying out a systematic experiment. So the expanded uncertainty is given as 4.4μm.
22
Yahya, Adel Elhadi M., and Martin Halaj. "Evaluation of CMM Accuracy by Using Capability Indexes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Capability indexes of several types belong to the most common tools used for evaluation of the measuring instruments performance over a certain period of time. The indices differ by calculation method, properties as well as by intended use. But their design principle is approximately the same. The ratio of prescribed (required) accuracy and really achieved process accuracy is always observed. However, this evaluation represents only a part of the overall measurements management system. The suitability of capability indexes for the evaluation of CMMs accuracy over a time. After analyzing the results we had found machine capability indexes good method for evaluation of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) accuracy over a certain time interval. CMM are high accuracy and capable to perform the measurement of lengths, machine capability indexes helps to determine the ability for coordinate measuring machine between tolerance limits and engineering specifications, but the use of x-control charts to get and keep processes under control.
23
Pan, Wei Min, Ji Shun Li, and Y. Lei. "Digital Precision Measuring of Spiral Bevel Gear Based on CAD/CAM/CMM." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precision measuring techniques have been developed interdependently with the techniques of design and manufacturing in the history. Computer aided inspection plays a very important role in modern manufacturing industry. On account of the CMM (Coordinates Measurement Machine) being applied widely and the precision model inspection concept coming true, it is possible to implement the digital inspection of the spiral bevel gear on the CMM. In this paper the framework of the spiral bevel gear digital inspection based on the integration of CAD/CAM/CMM is put forward. The key techniques of the scheme are investigated, which consist of exact modeling of spiral bevel gear based on manufacturing process, datum matching of CAD model and CMM inspection, CMM Inspection path planning, reconstruction of the tooth surface based on the CMM inspection results, Analysis of the deviation between the real gear tooth and CAD model, adjusting strategy of machining parameters.
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di Giacomo, Benedito, and César Augusto Galvão de Morais. "Mapping by Optimization of the Minimum Volumetric Error in Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The CMM (coordinate measuring machines) are able to perform dimensional inspections in workpieces with complex geometries, in a short time compared to conventional methods, however, errors on volume of CMM harm the performance of measurement. Faced with this, the purpose this investigation is to identify regions in the machine with large and small values of volumetric errors. The mapping of volumetric error is performed by optimization of objective function with SQP method. The objective function is defined by modeling errors of the CMM using a method of the homogeneous transformation, and, by calibration curves of individual errors. The optimization allowed to obtain the smallest value of volumetric error, 1.1796 μm, located near the linear encoder of the y axis. The mapping the volumetric error by optimization allows to know regions with minor harm the performance of measurement, therefore, it's possible to select regions of measurement to obtain reliable results.
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Ushakov, M. V., I. A. Vorobev, and S. M. Nikolsky. "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEAR CONTROL METHODS ON CMM." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 291 (September 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.046-051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article provides the methodological foundations for building programs designed to control coordinate measuring machines of any type when measuring the parameters of straight-toothed gears. The scope of the described approach to the described problem is considered, as well as the ways and expediency of its further development. The presented technique describes an approximate scheme of movements of the measuring element, as well as some features during its development. The fundamental mathematical dependencies are given, which allow calculating the shape of the lateral surface of the gears based on the results of the coordinate measuring machine, for subsequent evaluation of its errors. The results of measurements for further processing should be stored in the form of arrays, which indicate the numbers of controlled teeth, the left or right sides of the tooth, as well as the level of measurements and the index of the controlled radius. The development of an experimental control program based on this technique showed the possibility of significantly expanding the range of use of coordinate measuring machines that are not equipped with specialized software and additional equipment designed for measuring gears. Terminology, designations and requirements are given in accordance with GOST ISO series (GOST ISO 1328-1–2017 and GOST 13755–2015 (ISO 53:1998)), which differ in some parameters from those previously adopted (GOST 1643–81, GOST 16531–83, GOST 16532–70, etc.).
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Gąska, A., D. Szewczyk, P. Gąska, M. Gruza, and J. Sładek. "Usage of I++ Simulator to Program Coordinate Measuring Machines when Common Programming Methods are difficult to apply." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Nowadays, simulators facilitate tasks performed daily by the engineers of different branches, including coordinate metrologists. Sometimes it is difficult or almost impossible to program a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) using standard methods. This happens, for example, during measurements of nano elements or in cases when measurements are performed on high-precision (accurate) measuring machines which work in strictly air-conditioned spaces and the presence of the operator in such room during the programming of CMM could cause an increase in temperature, which in turn could make it necessary to wait some time until conditions stabilize. This article describes functioning of a simulator and its usage during Coordinate Measuring Machine programming in the latter situation. Article also describes a general process of programming CMMs which ensures the correct machine performance after starting the program on a real machine. As an example proving the presented considerations, measurement of exemplary workpiece, which was performed on the machine working in the strictly air-conditioned room, was described
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Lim, C. K., and M. Burdekin. "Rapid volumetric calibration of coordinate measuring machines using a hole bar artefact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502760272368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper reports on the development of a new rapid volumetric accuracy calibration system for multiaxis coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). The system utilizes a calibrated mechanical artefact, in the form of a 540mm long I-beam hole bar. The 21 effective parametric error components for a three-axis machine can be obtained by probing the artefact when it is placed at 17 specified orientations within the measuring volume. The parametric errors are then further transformed into the CMM volumetric error by applying formulae derived from the rigid-body motion for the structural configuration of the CMM. Software has been developed to automate the probing of the artefact, data acquisition and the analysis of the parametric errors. Options for graphical and numerical data output of the volumetric error map is also included. Practical calibration tests and results from a moving bridge CNC (computer numerically controlled) CMM are shown, where the overall time for the calibration process, including equipment set-up time, was found to be less than two hours.
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Kasparaitis, Albinas, and A. Šukys. "Dynamic Errors of CMM Probes." Solid State Phenomena 113 (June 2006): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Here are proposed methods to evaluate the accuracy of measuring heads (MH) of coordinate measuring machines (CMM). Kinematic touch-trigger, piezoresonant touch-trigger and scanning 3D probes are investigated as the most often being used for the 3D measurements. The dominating errors of kinematic touch-trigger probes are expressed by the polygonal (triangular) characteristics of their kinematics and by random dispersion of the contact forces. These features characterize the piezoresonant touch-trigger probes as well but instability of resonance of the system components are also presented here. Dominating error’s characteristics of the scanning probes consist of the instability of pushing the probe stylus out of the measured surface by dynamical forces. Some mathematical models, space error’s approximation and results of experimental investigation of the measuring heads are presented. It may be used for the improvement of CMM and other measuring equipment.
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Vo, Tran Anh, T. H. Dung, and Hyun Chul Kim. "Design of a High Accuracy 3-Axis Coordinate Measuring Machine Working on the Shop Floor." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the key features of advanced manufacturing technologies is the metrology of geometric quantities. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) now are widely used to perform relevant measurements. Normally, the use of CMMs in traditional quality control rooms, isolated from the production floor, often proves unsuitable for effective and timely feedback on the manufacturing process. However, CMMs are sensitive to environmental factors such as humidity, suspended dust and oil, vibrations, and especially temperature. For this reason, measuring machines must to be designed with features that make them more resistant to the environmental influences on shop floor operations. The main goal of this work is to enhance accuracy of a CMM working on the shop floor conditions by design improvements and error compensation. A 3-axis CMM will be built with some improved designed features and a software compensation technique will be applied to enhance the machine accuracy.
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Mazur, Tomasz, Lenka Cepova, Tomasz Szymanski, and Miroslaw Rucki. "Analysis of the Planar Point Identification Accuracy in CMM Measurements." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents the results of the investigations on the direction-dependent accuracy of the point identification during contact probe measurements with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Considering the contact point identified by an orthogonal to the surface probe movement, the transformation of coordinates was made in order to calculate the displacement of the measured point. As a result, the positioning accuracy was estimated in three axes. The experiments demonstrated a strong dependence of the displacement on the declination angle. Moreover, it was found that the directional surface texture which provided different roughness in perpendicular directions, had an impact on the positioning accuracy.
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Abdulhameed, Osama, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Syed Hammad Mian, and Mohamed K. Aboudaif. "Path Planning and Setup Orientation for Automated Dimensional Inspection Using Coordinate Measuring Machines." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9683074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inspection planning is considered an essential practice in the manufacturing industries because it ensures enhanced product quality and productivity. A reasonable inspection plan, which can reduce inspection costs and achieve high customer satisfaction, is therefore very important in the production industry. Considerations such as preparations for part inspection, measuring machines, and their setups as well as the measurement path are described in an inspection plan which is subsequently translated into part inspection machine language. Therefore, the measurement of any component using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is the final step preceded by several other procedures, such as the preparation of the part setup and the generation of the probe path. Effective measurement of components using CMM can only be done if the preceding steps are properly optimized to automate the whole inspection process. This paper has proposed a method based on artificial intelligence techniques, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA), for fine-tuning output from the different steps to achieve an efficient inspection plan. A case study to check and validate the suggested approach for producing effective inspection plans for CMMs is presented. A decrease of nearly 50% was observed in the travel path of the probe, whereas the CMM measurement time was reduced by almost 25% during the actual component measurement. The proposed method yielded the optimum part setup and the most appropriate measuring sequence for the part considered.
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Bomba and Gierlak. "Dimensional Control of Aircraft Transmission Bodies Using CNC Machines and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the selected aspects of quality control of aircraft accessory drive train bodies. The work presents the concept of control of selected dimensional and shape characteristics. The key issue under consideration is the possibility of replacing the coordinate measuring machines (CMM) in selected measuring operations with a computerized numerical control (CNC) machine, which leads to a lower load on the measuring laboratory. In order to determine the relationship between the measurement results on the CMM in an unmounted state and the results of measurements on the CNC machine in the mounted state, a neuro-fuzzy model was used. The problem is presented for a selected component, which is the cover of the transmission body. Detailed analysis, calculations and neuro-fuzzy modelling of the dependencies between the measurement data were carried out for the selected key geometric characteristic, i.e., the bearing seat position deviation. The obtained results are acceptable from the point of view of quality control.
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Némedi, Imre, Róbert Sánta, Igor Fürstner, and Peter Košt’ál. "Comparative Analysis of the Results of Measuring Roundness." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, no. 42 (June 1, 2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Coordinate measuring machines are devised for most complex measurements. Besides their dimension measuring abilities, the CNC operated machines can measure geometrical characteristics of form, such as straightness, roundness, cylindricity, etc. These are vital features currently, when inspection needs to submit very thorough reports not only on the form, but also on the geometrical features of the given workpiece. Yet the question arises: are these measuring data regarding roundness received from the CMM accurate and reliable enough to be exploited? In order to confirm this statement, the geometrical roundness characteristics were measured on three types of coordinate measuring machines, the results of which were analyzed from several aspects. The results showed a special importance of specific measuring parameters and proved to be independent of the type of measuring machines.
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Chanthawong, Narin, Satoru Takahashi, Kiyoshi Takamasu, and Hirokazu Matsumoto. "High-Accuracy Calibration of CMM Using Temporal-Coherence Fiber Interferometer with Fast-Repetition Comb Laser." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a measuring system with the means to move probing system and capability to determine spatial coordinates on working surface. CMM is used in many industry fields from few micrometers of work pieces to a 5-meter truck. The verification method of CMM is done following international standard. The artifacts for calibrated reference length are the end standards, such as gauge block and step gauge, or laser interferometer for large size CMM. The current laser interferometer is operated by continuous laser and interference fringe counting. One constraint of continuous laser is an incremental measurement. The measurement path cannot be interrupted during the measurement period. We developed a new absolute interferometer system from a short-pulse mode-locked fiber laser. A Fabry–Pérot etalon (FPE) is used to select high-frequency parts of repetition-frequency modes of the mode-locked comb laser at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. The 5-GHz repetition-modified laser beam, which is realized by a new fiber-type FPE, is transmitted to a fiber-type Michelson interferometer. The interference fringes exhibit a temporal coherence interference and can be used for measuring spatial positioning. The temporal coherence between different pairs of modified pulse trains is referred to as absolute length standards. The performance of CMM was determined directly from different positions of two interference fringe patterns.
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Li, Hai Tao, Wen Jun Wei, and Xue Zhu Dong. "A Method of Measuring a 3-Dimensional Curve on a Surface with a CMM." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to examine and evaluate the characteristics of a mechanical component, a 3-dimensional curve on the surface of the component needs to be measured on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). A method of measuring a 3-dimensional curve on a surface with a CMM was put forward in this paper. The measuring method of each point of the curve on the surface is divided into three steps. The first step is to select some grid points of the surface near the measured point of the curve. Actually the measuring results are the coordinates of the center of the spherical probe and all of the grid points locate in the offset surface of the measured surface. So the probe radius should be compensated. In order to make the compensation reliable, easy and simply, some regular grid points where the probe center should be set are selected and a corresponding method of calculating the normal vector of the surface is used. A small surface patch of the actual surface is measured in the second step. In the last step, some new grid points are obtained after probe radius compensation. The real coordinates of the measured point is determined by using the interpolation method and the theoretical equation of the curve. The measuring method was used to examine the modification curve of a worm generated by linear cutter edge with two degrees of freedom and the results showed the coherence of the actual modification curve to the theoretical one.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, and J. R. R. Mayer. "Measurement Accuracy Investigation of Touch Trigger Probe with Five-Axis Machine Tools." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The touch trigger probe plays an important role in modern metrology because of its robust and compact design with crash protection, long life and excellent repeatability. Aside from coordinate measuring machines (CMM), touch trigger probes are used for workpiece location on a machine tool and for the accuracy assessment of the machine tools. As a result, the accuracy of the measurement is a matter of interest to the users. The touch trigger probe itself as well as the measuring surface, the machine tool, measuring environment etc. contribute to measurement inaccuracies. The paper presents the effect of surface irregularities, surface wetness due to cutting fluid and probing direction on probing accuracy on a machine tool.
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de Morais, César Augusto Galvão, Marilia da Silva Bertolini, and Benedito di Giacomo. "Modeling and Calibration of the Orthogonality Deviation between the "X" and "Y" Axes of Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 875 (January 2018): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.875.84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increase of the quality in a productive process allows reduction of costs besides adding value to the product. When manufacturing a product within the tolerances specified in the design it is possible to obtain a correct operation of this product, ensuring the minimum time of use and with a lower risk of early failure. In this sense, machines and equipments involved in the manufacturing and inspection processes must also maintain an acceptable quality of operation by knowing the errors present in the machine structure through the calibration, such as errors due to lack of orthogonality between the axes, caused by inaccurate assemblies. The calibration errors in these machines allow elaborate error compensation plans and thus improve the rate of flawless products in production. The objective of this paper was to identify the influence of errors due to a lack of orthogonality in a bridge type coordinate measuring machine (CMM) through calibration and mathematical modeling of errors. Error calibration is performed with a linear displacement transducer, a granite square and a set support brackets for the granite square. By means of the calibration data and the mathematical modeling of the orthogonality deviation an influence of the measured deviation on the "X" and "Y" directions of the CMM is obtained. The error due to the lack of orthogonality between the "X" and "Y" axes of the CMM was approximately 8.9558 negative arcoseg; in this way, it is evidenced that the angle formed between these axes is 89.9975°. Through this study it can be concluded that orthogonality deviation in the main plane of the machine produces negative components for the axes "X" and "Y", with higher influence on the points collected as it away from machine scales, making greater the error intensity on the results of measurements made at positions farthest from the "X" and "Y" scales.
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Cheng, Yinbao, Zhongyu Wang, Xiaohuai Chen, Yaru Li, Hongyang Li, Hongli Li, and Hanbin Wang. "Evaluation and Optimization of Task-oriented Measurement Uncertainty for Coordinate Measuring Machines Based on Geometrical Product Specifications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Measuring instruments are intended to be intelligent, precise, multi-functional and developing multidirectionally, scientific, and reasonable; the reliable evaluation of measurement uncertainty of precision instruments is also becoming more and more difficult, and the evaluation of the Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) measurement uncertainty is among the typical problems. Based on Geometric Product Specification (GPS), this paper has systematically studied the CMM uncertainty for evaluating the size and geometrical errors oriented toward measurement tasks, and thus has realized the rapid and reliable evaluation of the CMM uncertainty for task-oriented measurement. For overestimation of the CMM uncertainty for task-oriented measurements in the initial evaluation, a systematic optimization solution has been proposed. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the evaluation model and the optimization method have been verified by three different types of measurement examples of diameter, flatness and perpendicularity. It is typical and representative to systematically solve the problem of the CMM uncertainty for evaluating the measurement tasks targeted at dimensions and geometric errors, and the research contents can be effectively applied to solve the uncertainty evaluation problems of other precision instruments, which are of great practical significance not only for promoting the combination of modern uncertainty theory and practical applications but also for improving the application values of precision measurement instruments.
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Menq, Chia-Hsiang, Hong-Tzong Yau, and Ching-Li Wong. "An Intelligent Planning Environment for Automated Dimensional Inspection Using Coordinate Measuring Machines." Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a basic structure of an intelligent planning environment for automated dimensional inspection using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Three levels of automation technology, ranging from the facility automation to information and decision automation, are discussed. At the facility level, the operations of the CMMs are examined for the dimensional inspection of various manufactured objects. In this research the dimensional inspection of objects having complex and sculptured surfaces is emphasized. At the information level, a CAD-directed inspection system is implemented. The system is composed of three key elements: CAD/CMM inspection planning module, CAD model based localization algorithm, and comparative analysis module. In addition, the concept of inspection attributes is introduced. Inspection attributes are some pieces of information that are stored in the CAD database along with the design model for inspection application. Typical inspection attributes include functional tolerances and manufacturing capability. At the decision making level, an inspection planner is proposed in conjunction with the CAD directed inspection to provide links between the CAD/CMM system and inspection goal. The planner is a knowledge based system which utilizes artificial intelligence technologies to automate the decision making in inspection planning.
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Xiao, Zhen Zhong, Jin Liang, De Hong Yu, and Zheng Zong Tang. "An Improved Calibration Method for Optical 3D Measuring System Using Cross Target Based on Bundle Adjustment Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an accurate calibration method of binocular 3D measurement systems for industrial on-site inspection, which uses a cross target with ring coded points. The cross target can be used to calibrate large-scale field-of-view stereo measurement systems and obtain higher measurement precision conveniently. The world coordinates of these ring coded points are not required. The calibration initial value is computed by using the relative orientation method and the Direct Linear Transform (DLT) method of photogrammetry. The bundle adjustment algorithm is used to optimize the calibration parameters as well as the 3D coordinates of the ring coded points. Experiment results show that the RMS error of the reprojection in our method is less than 0.05 pixels and the measurement error is 0.011 mm compared with the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM).
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Peti, Ferencz, and Petru Serban. "Coordinate Measuring Machine Probes Effect during Inner Thread Position Measurement." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starting from the idea of improving Coordinate Measuring Machines’ (CMM) measurement strategy for inner thread locations, we developed a new method which increases the accuracy of measurements and takes us closer to the pitch diameter. This article will analyze this new method by testing different touching probes configurations for different thread sizes. The objective is to identify the best probe configuration to be used in the measurements of different inner thread sizes.
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Gao, Guan Bin, Wen Wang, Hong Qiang Li, and Jian Jun Zhou. "Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is a new type coordinate measuring machine (CMM) base on the linkage structure with the characteristics of small size, light weight, large measurement range and flexible movement. The kinematic modeling methods of six degree of freedom (6-DOF) AACMMs are studied in this paper. By analyzing the structural characteristics of AACMMs the kinematic model of a 6-DOF AACMM with DH method was established. From the kinematic model the coordinate systems and structural parameters of the AACMM are obtained. Then the homogeneous transformation matrixes from the probe to the base of the AACMM are derived. Finally, methods of numerical computing and graphical simulation are used in verifying the kinematic model. The kinematic model provides a basis for measurement, calibration and error compensation of the AACMM.
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Zhou, Jing, Shi Jun Li, Dong Yan Huang, Xiao Lin Chen, and Ye Chi Zhang. "Data Normalization of Single Camera Visual Measurement Network System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 2381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of visual measurement system , the visual measurement system of single camera which applied in the imaging theory of optical feature points , it has been widespread used in the modern production . Due to the limit of the environment in scene , the visual measurement system of single camera could not measure the shield between the measured objects each other . Focus on this problem , present a kind of the the knowledge of measurement network based on the visual measurement of single camera , set up the measurement network system via the multi-control points . Measure the optical feature points in every network control point via the visual measurement system of single camera; Normalize the measured coordinates into the same world coordinate system , then get the global data , and achieve the overall measurement ; Apply in the three coordinate measuring machine(CMM) to have the simulation experiment , the result indicates that the maximum absolute tolerance between the normalization coordinates via the center of point set and the ones measured by CMM directly is 0.058mm ; But the one between the coordinate repeatedly measured at the position of one network control point is 0.066mm ; So the data normalization has the advantage of more high precision .
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Majstorovic, Vidosav D., Slavenko M. Stojadinovic, and Tatjana V. Sibalija. "Development of a knowledge base for the planning of prismatic parts inspection on CMM." ACTA IMEKO 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v4i2.205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inspection on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) is based on software support for various classes of metrological tasks, i.e. tolerances. Today, the design of a uniform inspection plan for a measuring part presents a rather complex issue due to the following: (i) metrological complexity of a measuring part; (ii) skills and knowledge of a designer / inspection planner; and (iii) software for CAI model, considered as a part of an integrated CAD-CAPP-CAM-CAI system. This issue could be addressed by the usage of expert systems that generate a conceptual inspection plan for a measuring part, based on which the inspection plan for a selected CMM could be automatically developed. This paper presents the development of a model of an automatic inspection planning system for CMMs, and, in particular, the developed knowledge base model.
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Ip, W. L. R., and M. Loftus. "Adaptive and Compensation Methods in Free-Form Surface Assessment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 210, no. 2 (April 1996): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_099_02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The assessment of manufactured surfaces by coordinate metrology techniques has changed in recent years. Speed, accuracy and flexibility have all improved with the introduction of coordinate measuring machines (CMM). However, some technical problems have yet to be solved, in particular those pertaining to free-form surfaces. This paper considers the influence of surface features and probe tip geometry on the assessment of free-form surfaces. Inaccurate measurements due to the problems of probe tip diameter and undulating surface curvature have been investigated, and a simple mathematical compensation technique for different probe diameters and an adaptive measuring point planning strategy have been developed. Experimental data confirm that the measuring errors are significantly reduced when the probe tip diameter compensation approach is used. The problems of machined surface measurement have also been considered and a method, namely least-squares data fitting, is proposed to give a better qualifying technique for the cusped surfaces. This new technique has been implemented and the results from the case study indicate that the least-squares method can give a more precise representation of the quality of a machined surface than standard statistical measurement systems. Experimentation also indicates that the results of the least-squares data fitting method are consistent with the CMM computed values, which verifies the reliability of the method.
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Sato, Osamu, Kazuya Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Sonko Osawa, Makoto Abe, and Toshiyuki Takatsuji. "Challenge for the Traceable Dimensional Measurement Using CMM in Factory Floor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dimensional measurement is a key process in the quality assurance of manufacturing. Not only classical one-dimensional measurement devices, several kind of three-dimensional coordinate measuring systems (CMSs) including coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are used for dimensional measurement tasks in measurement rooms or in factory floors. For the purpose of the quality guarantee, the measurement for the validation on the products should be performed with the traceable manner. In the case of the dimensional measurement, the measurement results of the products should be stated as the corresponding values in the reference temperature, 20 °C. Therefore, at least the traceability of the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into the measuring device to be used should be ensured. Usually, the traceability of the instrument or equipment is ensured through the calibration on it. Now, typical CMMs in factory floor have non-calibrated temperature-measuring equipment because the equipment is hard to be detached off for the calibration, and therefore, the temperature-measuring equipment is usually left uncalibrated. Recently, a new procedure by which both the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into a CMM are able to be calibrated simultaneously is established. In this research, the traceable dimensional measurement using a CMM equipped with uncalibrated temperature-measuring instrument is developed by as an application of the established calibration procedure. Through the experiment, the traceable dimensional measurement using the CMM placed on the factory floor is demonstrated.
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Achiche, Sofiane, and Adam Wozniak. "Three-dimensional modeling of coordinate measuring machines probing accuracy and settings using fuzzy knowledge bases: Application to TP6 and TP200 triggering probes." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 26, no. 4 (October 20, 2011): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060411000151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOne of the fundamental elements that determines the precision of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) is the probe, which locates measuring points within measurement volume. In this paper genetically generated fuzzy knowledge based models of three-dimensional (3-D) probing accuracy for one- and two-stage touch trigger probes are proposed. The fuzzy models are automatically generated using a dedicated genetic algorithm developed by the authors. The algorithm uses hybrid coding, binary for the rule base and real for the database. This hybrid coding, used with a set of specialized operators of reproduction, proved to be an effective learning environment in this case. Data collection of the measured objects' coordinates was carried out using a special setup for probe testing. The authors used a novel method that applies a low-force high-resolution displacement transducer for probe error examination in 3-D space outside the CMM measurement. The genetically generated fuzzy models are constructed for both one stage (TP6) and two stage (TP200) types of probes. First, the optimal number of settings is defined using an analysis of the influence of fuzzy rules on TP6 accuracy. Then, once the number of settings is obtained, near optimal fuzzy knowledge bases are generated for both TP6 and TP200 triggering probes, followed by analysis of the finalized fuzzy rules bases for knowledge extraction about the relationships between physical setup values and error levels of the probes. The number of fuzzy sets on each premise leads to the number of physical setups needed to get satisfactory error profiles, whereas the fuzzy rules base adds to the knowledge linking the design experiment parameters to the pretravel error of CMM machines. Satisfactory fuzzy logic equivalents of the 3-D error profiles were obtained for both TP6 and TP200 with root mean squsre errors ranging from 0.00 mm to a maximum of 0.58 mm.
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Chen, Yueping, and Naiqi Shang. "Comparison of GA, ACO algorithm, and PSO algorithm for path optimization on free-form surfaces using coordinate measuring machines." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac3e13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) play an important role in modern manufacturing and inspection technologies. However, the inspection process of a CMM is recognized as time-consuming work. The low efficiency of coordinate measuring machines has given rise to new inspection strategies and methods, including path optimization. This study describes the optimization of an inspection path on free-form surfaces using three different algorithms: an ant colony optimization algorithm, a genetic algorithm, and a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimized sequence of sampling points is obtained in MATLAB R2020b software and tested on a Leitz Reference HP Bridge Type Coordinate Measuring Machine produced by HEXAGON. This study compares the performance of the three algorithms in theoretical and practical conditions. The results demonstrate that the use of the three algorithms can result in a collision-free path being found automatically and reduce the inspection time. However, owing to the different optimization methodologies, the optimized processes and optimized times of the three algorithms, as well as the optimized paths, are different. The results indicate that the ant colony algorithm has better performance for the path optimization of free-form surfaces.
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Kasalica, Vidoje, Slavenko Stojadinović, and Srđan Živković. "An approach to modeling a digital measuring twin based on a coordinate measuring machines." Tehnika 77, no. 6 (2022): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2206707k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New trends in technological systems in terms of processing processes have also placed new demands on the measuring technique. The application of conventional metrology systems and the procedures that support them have become a limiting factor in terms of flexibility and measurement accuracy. The main problem problem is the rapid metrological identification of complex metrological tasks, such as, for example, shape and position tolerances for parts of medium and high accuracy. In addition to metrological identification, the problem is also the connection of metrological databases, which has a direct impact on the obtain results accuracy. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents an approach to modeling a digital measuring twin based on a numerically controlled measuring machine. In a broader sense, the developed model integrates machine and computer technologies and was applied in the field of metrology, that is, the examination of achieved tolerances on machine parts using CMM. The benefits are reflected in the fact that it is not necessary to construct expensive prototypes, it saves time, avoids collision and the most important thing in the world of industry, it saves money.
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Takamasu, Kiyoshi, and Wiroj Sudatham. "High-Accuracy Absolute Length Measurement Using an Optical-Comb Pulsed Interferometer: Verification of Coordinate Measuring Machines." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The optical frequency comb has become a standard for length and frequency measurements. Its pulsed laser can produce temporal coherence interference fringe patterns, and these fringes can be used as the length standard for practical measurement of absolute lengths. This research aims to develop a measuring system for coordinate measuring machine (CMM) verification, which can be used to measure the absolute length of a target in three dimensions. Thus, a spherical target has been considered. A ball lens with a refractive index of 2.0 has been selected as the target for the interferometer in this study. Using the ball lens target, the absolute length can be measured up to 10 m, covering the medium- to large-sized range of CMM applications. The experimental results demonstrate that the measurement uncertainty is smaller than that of the artifact test. In addition, the measurement time of the proposed method is 60% less than that of the artifact-test method.