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1
Banachowicz, Andrzej, and Adam Wolski. "Determination of Ship Approach Parameters in the Polar Coordinates System." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An essential aspect of the safety of navigation is avoiding collisions with other vessels and natural or man made navigational obstructions. To solve this kind of problem the navigator relies on automatic anti-collision ARPA systems, or uses a geometric method and makes radar plots. In both cases radar measurements are made: bearing (or relative bearing) on the target position and distance, both naturally expressed in the polar coordinates system originating at the radar antenna. We first convert original measurements to an ortho-Cartesian coordinate system. Then we solve collision avoiding problems in rectangular planar coordinates, and the results are transformed to the polar coordinate system. This article presents a method for an analysis of a collision situation at sea performed directly in the polar coordinate system. This approach enables a simpler geometric interpretation of a collision situation
2
Rakishev, Bayan, Zaure Rakisheva, Alma Auezova, and Аsfandiyar Orynbay. "Automated determination of internal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An automated method for determining the internal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass is described. It is based on the method of determining the nodal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass, which is based on taking into account the dependencies that connect the initial parameters of the blasting rock mass with the final location of the fixed points of the blasted rock mass. The determining factors are the specific height and width of the collapse, the coefficient of loosening of the rocks. The method of analysis of experimental and industrial mass explosions in quarries, methods of analytical geometry, matrix theory and linear algebra are used. For the first time in mining, an analytical method has been developed for determining the internal points of the coordinate grid of an exploded block. It includes the established functions of the movement of nodal points, components of the vectors of movement of nodal and internal points of the coordinate grid. The established dependencies allow one to determine the displacements of any point inside the coordinate grid of the blasted block from the initial coordinates of the nodal and internal points.
3
Gubanov, V. S., Z. M. Malkin, and N. I. Solina. "A New Method of Relative Coordinate-and-Time Determination." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 156 (1993): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900173656.
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Zhang, Yu Dong, Shi Ying Wang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Determination of Crystallographic Elements (Dislocation and Surface Plane) from Automated TEM Orientation Determination." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.866.
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Abstract In the present work, we summarized two calculation methods to determine some specific crystallographic elements based on electron diffraction orientation measurements performed by TEM. The first one is to determine the type and the Burgers vector of dislocations for a known crystal structure. The method calculates the orientation of the projections of all the possible dislocation line vectors in the TEM screen coordinate system using the determined crystallographic orientation of the grain and then compares them with the observed ones to identify the observed dislocations. The second is to characterize the surface crystalline planes and directions of faceted nano-particles. With the determination of the edge trace vectors and then the plane normal vectors in the screen coordinate system of the TEM, their Miller indices in the crystal coordinate system can be calculated through coordinate transformation. These methods are expected to facilitate the related studies.
5
Blajer, Wojciech. "On the Determination of Joint Reactions in Multibody Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1667944.
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In this paper some existing codes for the determination of joint reactions in multibody mechanisms are first reviewed. The codes relate to the DAE (differential-algebraic equation) dynamics formulations in absolute coordinates and in relative joint coordinates, and to the ODE (ordinary differential equation) formulations obtained by applying the coordinate partitioning method to these both coordinate types. On this background a novel efficient approach to the determination of joint reactions is presented, naturally associated with the reduced-dimension formulations of mechanism dynamics. By introducing open-constraint coordinates to specify the prohibited relative motions in the joints, pseudoinverse matrices to the constraint Jacobian matrices are derived in an automatic way. The involvement of the pseudo-inverses leads to schemes in which the joint reactions are obtained directly in resolved forms—no matrix inversion is needed as it is required in the classical codes. This makes the developed schemes especially well suited for both symbolic manipulators and computer implementations. Illustrative examples are provided.
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Sinclair, A. T., G. M. Appleby, and J. Y. Xia. "Determination of earth rotation and station coordinates from Lageos data." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 128 (1988): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900119400.
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A package of computer programs for the analysis of satellite laser ranging data has been written at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The methods used are described, and the Earth rotation parameters and station coordinates derived from the MERIT Lageos data are given, with comparisons with other determinations. The uncertainty of the absolute value of the z-coordinate of the stations is discussed, and a method of short-arc analysis for determining baselines is described.
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Polivanov, A. Y., Y. V. Ivanov, and D. V. Kholin. "The Method of the Computer Vision System Coordinate Transformation for an Industrial Robot for a Laser Welding Operation." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 21, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.21.166-173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the authors consider the problem of coordinate transformation in computer vision systems (CVS) of robotic system (RS) for laser welding. Laser welding is a highly efficient technological operation in many respects superior to common types of welding due to the high concentration of energy at the welding point. However, laser welding has a number of requirements, including a high requirement for the accuracy of positioning the laser head relative to the welding joint. Adaptive control systems based on CVS allow to provide the required accuracy. The main task of CVS is to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using a video sensor, convert the received coordinates into a coordinate system in which the RS is controlled, and the converted coordinates are transferred to the control system. Note, the accuracy and determination of coordinates are important factors. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to consider the coordinate transformation as a set of actions performed taking into account the specifics of using CVS as part of an RS for laser welding. For this purpose, the article analyzes typical schemes for placing CVS on industrial robots and proposes the most suitable configuration for laser welding. A methodology was also developed for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using the triangulation method. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the main existing methods for calibrating CVS video sensors and proposed an original method for calibrating videosensors taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the RS for laser welding. As a result, the article presents the rationale for the need to consider coordinate conversion to CVS as part of an RS for laser welding, as well as a set of methods that allows to perform conversions from a virtual coordinate system of a video sensor to a coordinate system of a robot, which allows direct control based on CVS data. In conclusion, the authors give a method for calibrating a video sensor, which allows achieving the requirements specified in the article for the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the welding joint.
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Jakubiec, Władysław. "Estimation of Uncertainty of Coordinate Measurements According to the Type B Method." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.253.
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The paper describes a new method for analytical estimation of the uncertainty component introduced by the CMM, including temperature influence. The uncertainty is estimated separately for each characteristic (dimension or geometrical deviation) given in the geometrical specification. The uncertainty is calculated directly, i.e. no analysis of the accuracy of determination of particular geometrical elements is performed. The fundamental condition enabling analytical estimation of the uncertainty is assumption that uncertainty of coordinate measurement depends on the differences of coordinates of characteristic points used to calculate particular deviation.
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Fys, Mykhailo, Volodymyr Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, and Svyatoslav Litynskyi. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim. The study of formulas determination of the point coordinates by the inverse linear-angular intersection method. Previously, we investigated the possibility of using electronic total stations to control the geometric parameters of industrial buildings. The applied application of electronic total stations for high-precision measurements has been investigated as well. [Vivat, 2018]. The formula for optimal use of the device with certain accuracy characteristics relative to the measured basis is analytically proved and derived [Litynskyi, 2014]. Measurements on the basis of the II category are performed and theoretical calculations are confirmed. The possibility of achieving high accuracy in determining the segment by the method of linear-angular measurements is shown [Litynsky, 2015]. The influence of the angle value on the accuracy of determining the coordinates by the sine theorem is investigated and the possibility of optimizing the determination of coordinates by the method of inverse linear-angular serif by the formulas of cosines and sines is investigated [Litynskyi, 2019]. Method. Establishing a mathematical interconnection between measured values (distances and angles) with the required (flat coordinates of a point), differentiation and finding the minima of functions. Results.There were five formulas selected, of which six combinations had been created to calculate the increments of coordinates and to estimate their accuracy. Numerical experiments show that neither method has a significant advantage, which is supported by the results presented in the graphs and tables. It is worth noting one feature of the second method - in which it is possible to determine the increments of coordinates with an accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of measuring the sides. The possibility of optimizing the coordinate increments determination due to the choice of calculation formulas is considered. The possibility of increasing the accuracy of determination of the coordinates increments using different calculation formulas is researched. Consequently, it is suggested to optimize the choice of calculation formulas depending on the position of the desired point. The results of these studies can be used to create electronic total station or laser tracker application software in order to improve the accuracy of coordinate determination.
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Uozumi, Yosuke, Kouki Nagamune, Naoki Nakano, Kanto Nagai, Daisuke Araki, Yuichi Hoshino, Takehiko Matsushita, Ryosuke Kuroda, and Masahiro Kurosaka. "Fully Automated Determination of Femoral Coordinate System in CT Image Based on Epicondyles." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 19, no. 3 (May 20, 2015): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2015.p0372.
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We propose a fully automated determination of the femoral coordinates in computerized tomography (CT) imaging based on epicondyles. The challenge point of this paper is that we take up how to calculate the femoral coordinate system (FCS), which is difficult to determine automatically. Our proposed method automatically determines the FCS based on anatomical reference points. We evaluated 10 subjects (six men and four women 28.9 ± 9.3 years old, three left-handed and seven right-handed) who had no history of joint injury. We examined the proposed method by comparing the expert and algorithm. The medial epicondyle was 1.41 ± 0.75 mmp= 0.42 > 0.05, student’sttest) in positioning accuracy. The lateral epicondyle was 1.36 ± 0.70 mmp= 0.42) in positioning accuracy. The origin was 0.87 ± 0.40 mmp= 0.71). in positioning accuracy. The lateral axis angle accuracy was 0.53 ± 0.84°p= 0.44). In short, the proposed method constructed patient-specific coordinate systems more accurately than expert manual.
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Li, Song, Yudong Zhang, Claude Esling, Jacques Muller, Jean-Sébastien Lecomte, Gaowu W. Qin, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Determination of surface crystallography of faceted nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy imaging and diffraction modes." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 3 (May 15, 2009): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809013107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A general calculation method is proposed to characterize the crystalline planes and directions of a faceted nanoparticle using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and diffraction modes. With the determination of the edge vectors and then the plane normal vectors in the screen coordinate system of TEM, their Miller indices in the crystal coordinate system can be calculated through coordinate transformation. The method is helpful for related studies of the determination of the surface structure of nanoparticles.
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Krasuski, Kamil, Janusz C´wiklak, and Henryk Jafernik. "Aircraft positioning using PPP method in GLONASS system." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 9 (November 14, 2018): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-06-2017-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is focused on implementation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) technique in civil aviation for recovery of aircraft position using Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in kinematic mode. Design/methodology/approach The aircraft coordinates of Cessna 172 plane in XYZ geocentric frame were obtained based on GLONASS code and phase observations for PPP method. The numerical computations were executed in post-processing mode in the RTKPOST module in RTKLIB program. The mathematical scheme of equation observation of PPP method was solved using Kalman filter in stochastic processing. Findings In paper, the average accuracy of aircraft position is about 0.308 m for X coordinate, 0.274 m for Y coordinate, 0.379 m for Z coordinate. In case of the mean radial spherical error (MRSE) parameter, the average value equals to 0.562 m. In paper, the accuracy of aircraft position in BLh geodesic frame were also showed and described. Research limitations/implications The PPP method can be applied for determination the coordinates of receiver, receiver clock bias, Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) parameter and ambiguity term for each satellite. Practical implications The PPP method is a new technique for aircraft positioning in air navigation. The PPP method can be also used in receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) module in aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) system in air transport. The typical accuracy for recovery the aircraft position is about cm ÷ dm level using the PPP method. Social implications The paper is destined for people who work in area of geodesy, navigation, aviation and air transport. Originality/value The work presents the original research results of implementation the GLONASS satellite technique for recovery the aircraft position in civil aviation. Currently, the presented research PPP method is used in precise positioning of aircraft in air navigation based on global positioning system and GLONASS solutions.
13
Sorokin, N. A. "Earth's gravity field parameters determination by the space geodesy dynamical approach." Geodesy and Cartography 919, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-919-1-7-12.
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The method of the geopotential parameters determination with the use of the gradiometry data is considered. The second derivative of the gravitational potential in the correction equation on the rectangular coordinates x, y, z is used as a measured variable. For the calculated value of the measured quantity required for the formation of a free member of the correction equation, the the Cunningham polynomials were used. We give algorithms for computing the second derivatives of the Cunningham polynomials on rectangular coordinates x, y, z, which allow to calculate the second derivatives of the geopotential at the rectangular coordinates x, y, z.Then we convert derivatives obtained from the Cartesian coordinate system in the coordinate system of the gradiometer, which allow to calculate the free term of the correction equation. Afterwards the correction equation coefficients are calculated by differentiating the formula for calculating the second derivative of the gravitational potential on the rectangular coordinates x, y, z. The result is a coefficient matrix of the correction equations and corrections vector of the free members of equations for each component of the tensor of the geopotential. As the number of conditional equations is much more than the number of the specified parameters, we go to the drawing up of the system of normal equations, from which solutions we determine the required corrections to the harmonic coefficients.
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Lemeshev, Andrew Fedorovich, Dmitry Dmitrievich Zhdanov, and Boris Khaimovich Barladyan. "Lighting parameter restoration method in mixed reality systems." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 12 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2021-12.
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The paper deals with the problem of visual perception discomfort inherent in mixed reality systems, more precisely, the determination of the lighting parameters of the objects of the virtual world, corresponding to the lighting conditions of the real world, into which the virtual objects are embedded. The paper proposes an effective solution to the problem of reconstructing the coordinates of a light source from an RGBD image of the real world. A detailed description of the algorithm and the results of a numerical experiment on reconstructing the coordinates of light sources in a model scene are given. The accuracy of coordinate recovery is analyzed and the limitations of the method are considered, associated with the inaccuracy of determining the boundaries of objects and their shadows, as well as the lack of interconnected areas of the boundaries of objects and their shadows in the RGBD image of the scene.
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Tereshchenko, V. E. "Technique for relation global reference system and local realization of global reference system by continuously operated reference stations." Geodesy and Cartography 962, no. 8 (September 20, 2020): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-962-8-24-37.
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The article suggests a technique for relation global kinematic reference system and local static realization of global reference system by regional continuously operated reference stations (CORS) network. On the example of regional CORS network located in the Novosibirsk Region (CORS NSO) the relation parameters of the global reference system WGS-84 and its local static realization by CORS NSO network at the epoch of fixing stations coordinates in catalog are calculated. With the realization of this technique, the main parameters to be determined are the speed of displacement one system center relativly to another and the speeds of rotation the coordinate axes of one system relatively to another, since the time evolution of most stations in the Russian Federation is not currently provided. The article shows the scale factor for relation determination of coordinate systems is not always necessary to consider. The technique described in the article also allows detecting the errors in determining the coordinates of CORS network in global coordinate system and compensate for them. A systematic error of determining and fixing the CORS NSO coordinates in global coordinate system was detected. It is noted that the main part of the error falls on the altitude component and reaches 12 cm. The proposed technique creates conditions for practical use of the advanced method Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in some regions of the Russian Federation. Also the technique will ensure consistent PPP method results with the results of the most commonly used in the Russian Federation other post-processing methods of high-precision positioning.
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Oboznenko, Igor L., and Tran H. Dat. "Coordinate determination of the low‐flying object by the acoustical method." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (April 2003): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4780748.
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SAVCHUK, S., I. PRODANETS, and A. FEDORCHUK. "Application of the method of determination of coordinates according to GNSS-observations with binding to the network of active reference stations." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 1, no. 43 (April 1, 2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-43-48-54.
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One of the main tasks of geodesy is to determine coordinates with high accuracy using GNSS-observations. To perform such tasks in geodesy usually use the relative method of determining the coordinates in static mode. The technique of the relative method is based on determining the coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known one. The coordinates of the base point must be known, often precisely specified on the basis of the State Geodetic Networks. Static mode of observation is most often used to build geodetic networks, because it has the highest accuracy. In this study, the base points were active reference stations, the coordinates of which are set from the weekly combined solution of the GNSS-network. The purpose of the work is to investigate the accuracy of the application of the method of determining the coordinates according to GNSS-observations with reference to the network of active reference stations. Methodology. The data of GNSS-observations performed at the triangulation points of the State Geodetic Network and data of reference stations are used in the work. Based on these data, conditional GNSS-networks were formed for their processing in the software package, which consisted of three reference stations and one triangulation point. The data processing process assumed that the nearest reference stations were taken as a control point, the specified coordinates of which were recorded as control and set in the ETRS2000 system. The obtained sets of coordinates of the same points and stations were transformed into the USK2000 system. The accuracy of the coordinates determined in this way was analyzed on the basis of coordinate differences and their standard deviations. Differences for reference stations were determined relative to the refined weekly coordinates, and for triangulation points relative to the mean. Results. The obtained differences at the points of the state network are within 1–2 cm, acquiring both positive and negative values. The only exception is the fifth observation session, where the differences are 2–4 cm with a positive sign. At the KOVL reference station, the coordinate differences vary from –1.2 cm to +1.8 cm, and at the MEL2 station from 0 cm to 5.4 cm. Coordinate changes at triangulation points were estimated by standard deviations of 2.1 cm, 1.1 cm, and 1.9 cm for XYZ, respectively. The accuracy of all other coordinates of the reference stations is 0.3–1.6 cm, with an average range from –2.7 cm to +1 cm. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The paper shows the method of determining the coordinates in the system USK2000 according to GNSS-observations with reference to the network of active reference stations. The proposed technique allows the use of satellite methods to determine the coordinates in the state system USK2000 with an accuracy of 1–2 cm, as well as significantly speed up and speed up the process of field work.
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Wang, De Xi, Qin Li, Fu Bao Li, and Zong Ke Li. "Research on the Splitting Measurement Method of Space Position in Three-Dimensional Field." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A research on measurement method of space position in three-dimensional field was demonstrated in this paper. According to the basic methods and principles of three-dimensional spatial position measurement, optical path of splitting design was used to divide an object point, through the red and green filters, into two beams of red and green, and then, through flat mirror, rectangular prism, cube prism and other optical design, it imaged on the same CCD camera film. Standard mesh was used to determine the relationship between two different spatial coordinates and the spatial pixel coordinates in the measurement space, and then the calibration relationship between object point coordinates and pixel coordinates were determined. This calibration relationship clear the error caused by the method of measurement and the measurement system. Through the determination algorithm of spatial location in three-dimensional field, the two corresponding lines of space was obtained, and its point of intersection is the spatial coordinate.
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Kondratiuk, Vasyl, Еduard Kovalevskiy, and Svitlana Ilnytska. "Determination of Space Debris Coordinates by Means of a Space Service Vehicle." Transport and Aerospace Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tae-2016-0004.
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Abstract The problem of space debris utilization is quite relevant nowadays and has a global character. The space industry experts from all over the world are working on the task of removing space debris. This article proposes the method of determining space debris coordinates by means of the airborne equipment of a space service vehicle. The set of airborne equipment includes a global navigation satellite system receiver, an inertial navigation system and a laser radar. To study the accuracy characteristics of the proposed method under different initial conditions a series of simulations was performed. They showed that the accuracy of determining space debris coordinates becomes higher with the reduction of the distance between the debris and space service vehicle. Stringent requirements for the accuracy of determining the orientation of the coordinate frame of the space vehicle are essential for providing the accuracy characteristics of the method.
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Kunnen, S. G., D. Adamenko, R. Pluhnau, and A. Nagarajah. "SYSTEM BASED COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION USING COORDINATE DETERMINATION IN MIXED REALITY." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.22.
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AbstractThe maintenance of an industrial plant is mainly based on analogue and manual methods and processes. In the future, the maintenance data of the real object should be determined digital and transferred to a PDM system in real time. This is made possible with a digital method of component identification. This publication presents a system-based component identification using Mixed Reality. Coordinates are determined by the terminal device and compared with a reference structure. After successful identification, maintenance data can be determined and automatically transferred to a PDM System.
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Moiseyev, Nimrod, Nurit Lipkin, David Farrelly, Osman Atabek, and Roland Lefebvre. "Determination of tunneling rates in bound systems using the complex coordinate method." Journal of Chemical Physics 91, no. 10 (November 15, 1989): 6246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457391.
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Sfarti, A. "Application of the Euler–Lagrange method in determination of the coordinate acceleration." European Journal of Physics 37, no. 3 (February 22, 2016): 032001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/37/3/032001.
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Suleymanov, T. I., H. H. Asadov, and H. M. Nasirov. "ON POTENTIAL ACCURACY OF ONBOARD LIDAR-THERMAL CONTROL OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINE LAY-OUT ROUTE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 271 (January 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2021.01.pp.038-042.
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Carrying out of systematic control of oil and gas pipeline condition is important for provision of normal operability of hydrocarbon transporting system. Implementation of monitoring of pipelines condition using traditional methods requires a lot of material and labour resources. The most important alternative is utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped by lidar. The accident at the pipeline may occur due to such causes as leak, rupture, denture, other causes and unknown ones. The potential accuracy of suggested method for lidar-thermal remote control of route of underground pipeline lay out is analyzed. The possibility for increasing of accuracy of identification of underground pipelines by way of decrease error of identification on two signatures is considered. The chosen signatures are geometrical coordinate at the horizontal plane defined by thermal sensing and vertical coordinate determined by laser measurements. It is determined that by cause of hydromechanical processes occurred in soil within imits of route the shift of pipeline and increase of soil layer level over the pipeline take place. These effects form the total uncertainty of determination of accurate coordinates of pipeline from the board of carrier of laser and thermal sensor. It is shown that performed optimization allows to increase the geometrical accuracy of route determination using suggested method of laser-thermal sensing.
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Chełpiński, Piotr, Ireneusz Ochmian, and Paweł Forczmański. "Sweet Cherry Skin Colour Measurement as an Non-Destructive Indicator of Fruit Maturity." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2019-0019.
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Abstract Colour measurement is one of the methods used to evaluate food quality. Aim of completed research was the evaluation of a fast and non-destructive method which consisted of assessing colour changes. It was used to determine the ripeness of cherries during their harvest. Additionally, the most significant parameter determining fruit ripeness was identified. Colour measurements of the Burlat cherry on the PHL A rootstocks were supposed to provide standards for practical evaluation of fruit ripeness of this species at an orchard. During the research, the measurements concerned the internal quality of the cherry fruit (firmness, extract content) and the force required to tear off the stem, depending on the size of the fruit. The extract appeared to be the most important indicator to be used for the determination of an optimum harvesting period. It was most prominently correlated with the cherry’s colour. Changes in the skin colour were the most reflected by the value of the parameter CIE a*. The coordinates CIE L* and b* are also important for the determination of fruit quality. Burlat cherries achieve their optimum harvesting ripeness if the coordinate a* is within the range 30.0 to 0.0, the coordinate b* within 10.0 to 0.0 and the coordinate L* within 30.0 to 20.0, which corresponds to the extract value of 12-20%.
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Staszak, Jan. "Determination of slot leakage inductance for three-phase induction motor winding using an analytical method." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0046.
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Abstract The article introduced some expressions for self- and mutual slot leakage inductance of phase windings for the mathematical model of an induction machine in the natural phase coordinate system and for dq0 model and in an arbitrary coordinate frame. Calculation of self- and mutual slot leakage inductance have been performed for threephase double-layer, delta and delta-modified winding connections. Introduced expressions may be useful in the design of windings and in the analysis of dynamic states of AC electrical machines.
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Guo, Xiao Yun, Jing Shan Bo, Ping Li, and Yu Dong Zhang. "Least Square Method to Calibrate Seismic Design Response Spectrum." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.358.
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Seismic design response spectrum is the basis of structure seismic design. Calibration of seismic design response spectrum is the main chain of structures’ seismic input determination. This paper proposes a new method of calibrating seismic design response spectrum. Based on summarizing the main form of calibrated seismic design response spectrum, which is related to the determination of the characteristic parameters of response spectrum, this paper advances least square fitting method based on coordinate transformation, and by comparing different calibrating methods, points out that least square fitting method is a simple and logical calibrating method.
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Levchenko, V. A. "Computational method for increasing the accuracy of determining coordinates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2060, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2060/1/012005.
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Abstract The article discusses a computing system for determining the location of an object by using satellite monitoring in real time with high accuracy. The computing system proposed by the authors is based on the determination of triple phase differences. High coordinate accuracy is ensured by entering additional data, such as tropospheric and ionospheric models. The resulting system is currently being tested.
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Płowucha, Wojciech, Władysław Jakubiec, and Paweł Rosner. "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty – Monte Carlo method." Mechanik 90, no. 12 (December 11, 2017): 1152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.12.195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advantages of Monte Carlo method are presented and compared with A and B type method of measurement uncertainty evaluation. Problem of uncertainty determination, in case of two or more dominant components, is discussed. Results of experiment to evaluate impact of probing strategy on measurement uncertainty of roundness deviation are presented. Issue of ‘systematic error’ in evaluation of coordinate measurement uncertainty is analyzed.
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Pantushin, V. A., and A. A. Andreev. "Coordinate binding of images for designing phototrangulation." Geodesy and Cartography 972, no. 6 (July 20, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2021-972-6-47-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The technology of the schemes development automation for areal coverage with aerial and space photography materials is proposed. Within its framework, a method for automatic coordinate referencing of images on the Earth’s ellipsoid surface with the subsequent determination of nomenclature sheets of topographic maps on a composite table was substantiated and implemented. The proposed method is based on the algorithms for calculating the azimuths and lengths of lines connecting the projections of the photographing points (inverse geodetic problem) and the coordinates of the images corner points’ projections (direct geodetic problem). The formulas for solving the geodetic tasks of the images coordinate referencing over long distances are obtained as a result of transforming and integrating the equations of geodetic lines described by the Claireau equation though F. Bessel’s method. It can be used when planning and performing aerial and space surveys, as well as to determine the cartographic base in order to select the starting points for photogrammetric condensation of the geodetic network. The technology is focused on the automation of phototriangulation technical design procedures and is good for linking images to the corresponding sections of electronic and digital maps.
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Cheng, Jianhua, Jing Wang, and Lin Zhao. "A Direct Attitude Determination Approach Based on GPS Double-Difference Carrier Phase Measurements." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principle of the traditional attitude solution approach based on GPS (Global Position System) is to get the attitude matrix according to the relationship of coordinates. During the progress, the error of baseline position assumed in ECEF (Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed) and the error of coordinate transform between body frame and reference frame (ENU, East-North-Up) have been included in the result, and finally the precision of attitude determination is reduced. This contribution presents a new approach of attitude determination, in which the attitude angles are calculated by the double-difference carrier phase equation of GPS according to the relationship of attitude matrix and attitude angles through least-squares estimate method. The new approach predigests the procedure of attitude determination which reduces the error assumed. According to the analysis the precision of attitude determination is higher than that of traditional method. It is shown it gets a precise attitude result with the direct attitude determination method in the simulation. A novel algorithm is proposed to solve some problems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Tolchelnikova, S. A. "Astrometry and Geodesy as a one science. History and assignment of stellar catalogues." Geodesy and Cartography 979, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-979-1-40-53.
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According to the resolution of the International Astronomical Union, since 1999 the main reference for spherical coordinates has become the international celestial reference frame ICRF, compiled from observations of quasars and point-like radio galaxies. This decision abolishes the observations necessary for compiling the traditional spherical coordinate system represented by the fundamental catalogs of the FK series. It is useful to recall the principles of astronomers of the 18th–20th centuries who had organized the determination of the absolute coordinates of stars at the state observatories, required for compiling the next fundamental catalog. This will allow natural scientists who study movements by measured coordinates of celestial objects, firstly astronomers and geodesists, to compare the opportunities provided by optical fundamental catalogs and the reference system of radio coordinates for solving the problems of their branch of science. Let us turn to historical experience, which shows that the establishment of main optical coordinate systems was not a volitional decision but was affirmed in the process of searching for the most effective method for solving both fundamental problems and satisfying current needs of each historical era.
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Bezjazychnyj, V. F., K. A. Vinogradov, and O. V. Vinogradova. "DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF GAS TURBINE BLADES BASED ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT BY STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 277 (April 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.04.pp.031-037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A method for determining the parameters of the turbine blades geometry (angles of the inlet and outlet edges, thickness, etc.), as well as the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the blades (height) according to the coordinate measurements of the profiles is proposed. These parameters are used to evaluate the gas-dynamic efficiency of the blade row and the strength characteristics of the turbine blades on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models widely used in engineering practice.
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Bezjazychnyj, V. F., K. A. Vinogradov, and O. V. Vinogradova. "DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF GAS TURBINE BLADES BASED ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT BY STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 277 (April 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.04.pp.031-037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A method for determining the parameters of the turbine blades geometry (angles of the inlet and outlet edges, thickness, etc.), as well as the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the blades (height) according to the coordinate measurements of the profiles is proposed. These parameters are used to evaluate the gas-dynamic efficiency of the blade row and the strength characteristics of the turbine blades on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models widely used in engineering practice.
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Li, Qiang, R. M. Newman, and Chang Fu Zhao. "3-D Coordinate Determination from 2-D Automotive Sketches: Part I." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.539.
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In this part, we present a 2-D four-point method to determine 3-D coordinate system in the application of automotive styling. This is a reverse transformation method according to the normal graphic projection transformation from 3-D to 2-D. Through choosing four certain or typical points from 2-D automotive sketches, the three planar angles can be calculated, and then the three spatial angles that control 3-D coordinate system will be determined. The angular relationships of the order-based pure rotation and the non-order-based rotation have been discussed.
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Lepadatu, Daniel, Loredana Judele, Gabriel Sandulache, and Viorica Mocreac. "Civil Engineering and Building Service Topographic Permanent Landmarks Network. Spatial Coordinate Optimization." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0015.
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Abstract Sustainable development is a modern concept of adaptation conditions for achieving objectives that respond simultaneously to at least three major requirements: economic, social and environmental. Achieving sustainable development cannot be accomplished without a change of mentality of people and without communities able to use resources rationally and efficiently. For an efficient application programs surveying topography discipline the students have imagined and created a network of local topographic permanent terminals required for reporting the rectangular coordinates of applications. In order to obtain more accurate values of these coordinates we have made several types of measurements that will be presented in detail in this work. The aim of this paper is to optimize the locating terminals coordinates of the points of our faculty, initially determined using GPS technology. Additional measurements were performed in an interval of one year using a total station. Considering that four previously determined terminal network points were placed between the relatively tall buildings, it was decided that it could be better to determine their spatial coordinates using the classical planimetric surveying method. To this end, the coordinates of the two reference points were located and determined near this network with the help of GPS technology in an area with good visibility. In order to determine the coordinates of the two reference points GNSS Permanent Stations National Network was used through the RTK method: RTCM (Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services). The measurements were using GPS SOUTH S82T, whose field book has the implemented software transcomputation real-time geographic coordinates in STEREO-70 coordinate system. The network of permanent GNSS stations used the fixed station IASI_2.3 and the virtual station RO_MAC_3.1_GG. The solutions for the new determined points were fixed, the determination’s accuracy ranging between 0.034-0.010 meters. Following these two rounds of measurements of the locating terminals coordinates of the network points of the faculty using GPS technology combined with the classical planimetric surveying method, we got a new set of coordinates with a higher degree of determination accuracy after averaging the results.
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Woźniak, A., J. R. R. Mayer, and M. Bałaziński. "Stylus tip envelop method: corrected measured point determination in high definition coordinate metrology." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 42, no. 5-6 (August 8, 2008): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1615-1.
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Pantyushin, V. A., and A. A. Andreev. "Automatic image referencing in satellite surveying." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-4-2106-08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The method of coordinate referencing of remote sensing materials in the process of satellite surveying is proposed in this paper. The method provides automatic determination of position of the survey routes and images in the routes on the surface of the Earth ellipsoid with their subsequent displaying on the nomenclature sheets of topographic maps on the composite table. The method provides for fully automatic development of a scheme of areal coverage with survey materials in the presence of data on the coordinates of photographing points obtained at the moments of exposure. The algorithm can be used to link images to the corresponding areas of electronic and digital maps.
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Hodek, Josef, Antonín Prantl, Jan Džugan, and Pavel Strunz. "Determination of Directional Residual Stresses by the Contour Method." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101104.
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This study evaluated residual stresses in heat-treated specimens made of 316L stainless steel using FE analysis and compared them with stresses determined by the contour method. Contour method is usually used just for evaluation of residual stresses that are normal to the cut plan. In the current study this approach is extended and both normal and tangential stresses are determined. The specimens were cut using wire electrical discharge machine and the contours of the cut were measured using a coordinate measuring machine. The prior treatment of the specimens was simulated using the finite-element method. An appropriate boundary condition and temperature-dependent material model were employed. The finite-element model was validated against neutron-diffraction measurement data. The results showed a good agreement in normal and tangential directions of stress.
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Koc, Wladyslaw, Cezary Specht, Jacek Szmaglinski, and Piotr Chrostowski. "A Method for Determination and Compensation of a Cant Influence in a Track Centerline Identification Using GNSS Methods and Inertial Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204347.
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At present, the problem of rail routes reconstruction in a global reference system is increasingly important. This issue is called Absolute Track Geometry, and its essence is the determination of the axis of railway tracks in the form of Cartesian coordinates of a global or local coordinate system. To obtain such a representation of the track centerline, the measurement methods are developed in many countries mostly by the using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) techniques. The accuracy of this type of measurement in favorable conditions reaches one centimeter. However, some specific conditions cause the additional supporting measurements with a use of such instruments as tachymetry, odometers, or accelerometers to be needed. One of the common issues of track axis reconstruction is transforming the measured GNSS antenna coordinates to the target position, i.e., to the place between rails on the level of rail heads. The authors in their previous works described the developed methodology, while this article presents a method of determining the correction of horizontal coordinates for measurements in arc sections of the railway track. The presence of a cant causes the antenna’s center to move away from the track axis, and for this reason, the results must be corrected. This article presents a method of calculation of mentioned corrections for positions obtained from mobile satellite surveying with additional inertial measurement. The algorithm presented in the article and its implementation have been illustrated on an example of a complex geometric layout, where cant transitions exist without transition curves in horizontal plane. Such a layout is not preferable due to the additional accelerations and their changes. However, it allows the verification of the presented methods.
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KRAVETS, T., O. POLETS, and A. SHCHERBA. "Analysis of “Kropiva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M” aparatus standard deviation related to the catalog of geodetic points coordinates." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (September 1, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-18-27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to present the results of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis in military units on the example of software and hardware system (computer appliance CA) “Kropyva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M”, in particular comparison of coordinates determination accuracy by devices in relation to the catalog of geodetic points coordinates and the list of points coordinates of special geodetic networks. Method. The research was carried out on the basis of available literature sources analysis on this subject and practical application of CA “Kropyva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M”, comparison of coordinates definition accuracy and development of recommendations on their basis. Experimental studies of coordinate determination with the help of software without obstacles that would interfere with the passage of satellite signal, and with obstacles, on the basis of which the conclusions are based. Results. Theoretical, methodical and practical problems of using CA “Kropyva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M” in troops for coordinates determining have been studied. The tendencies and prospects of the studied CA are analyzed, taking into account the devices error in the coordinates determining and the expediency of their use for topographic and geodetic support of units. A thorough analysis of four tools for coordinates determining was compared and performed. The ways of satellite navigation systems application and geoinformation systems in military units are presented, on the example of CA “Kropyva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M”. The main tasks are substantiated. Experimental researches of coordinates determining by different CA are carried out, different time intervals of comparisons the data with the catalog of geodetic points coordinates are received. Scientific novelty. The need for this study is due to the fact that although PJSC “Kropyva”, “Ukrop” and “Artos” are authorated for use in the Ukrainian Armed Forces, and “Basalt-M” is in service, or actively used in units, including the Area Joint Forces (JF) operations, but anyone did not performed comparison of coordinate accuracy and application recommendations. There are no scientific works in Ukraine that would relate to the coordinates determining accuracy of the devices in relation to the catalog of geodetic points coordinates of special geodetic boundaries. The main emphasis of the study is on the peculiarities of the use of CA. Their analysis and prospects in the military sphere are carried out. Practical meaning. Based on the analysis of “Kropyva”, “Ukrop”, “Artos” and “Basalt-M” aparatus standard deviation in relation to catalog of geodetic points coordinates, recommendations for the use of tactical level commanders have been developed. The temporal features of PAC application and their influence on the coordinate determinating accuracy are singled out. The CA which is most expedient to apply is established. The results of the study are designed for unit commanders who can use them for more effectively performing of their combat missions.
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Mustafin, M. G., and Thanh Son Tran. "Method for determining the normal heights from satellite data, taking into account the deviations of the plumb lines." Geodesy and Cartography 937, no. 7 (August 20, 2018): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-937-7-2-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, using in Vietnam for constructing is normal height and method of leveling geometry. During the construction, it is necessary to transfer height through difficult terrain, such as large rivers or high mountains. In such situations, the transfer of altitude with the help of GNSS will allow to reduce labor costs in comparison with the transfer of altitude using the geometric method. However, the key issue is interpret the altitude defined by the GNSS to a normal height with an accuracy that meets the requirements for leveling grids in engineering geodesy. In this article has been offered algorithm for determining normal altitudes from satellite data and taking into account the deviations of the plumb line. Using GNSS technology are determined coordinates in the geodetic coordinate system or in the spatial one corresponding to the ellipsoid WGS-84. The technique for determining the normal heights from the data of satellite determinations is considered. A computational algorithm is proposed that includes taking into account the deviations of the plumb line and their determination by rotation of the ellipsoid, and also assuming the presence of geometric leveling data. An example of the implementation of an algorithm on a specific object is shown.
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BONDAR, Olga, Oksana ZADOROZHNA, and Irina YAKUNINA. "Method of applied direction of mathematics in the aviation institution of higher education." Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Pedagogical Sciences 10 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2522-1477-2021-10-13-19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The elements of the method of applied direction of mathematics in the aviation institution of higher education developed by us are considered. We use this technique in higher mathematics classes at the Flight Academy of the National Aviation University. Examples of a combination of fundamental mathematical concepts and practical methods of their application are given. We illustrate in detail the coordinate systems used in aviation. Among these systems are mobile and fixed coordinate systems. Problems of higher mathematics related to one or another coordinate system are indicated. For example, to record vector equations of motion in projections, moving coordinate systems are used, the beginning of which is located in the center of mass of the aircraft. Therefore, the study of the topic "Reflection of linear (vector) spaces" acquires a professional orientation. In particular, we present the formulas of coordinate transformations for parallel transfer and rotation of the axes. Note that the transformations of rectangular coordinate systems are used in aviation. Having considered aviation coordinate systems, the teacher is interested in students in the study of equations of motion, determination of accelerations, velocities and displacements. Methodical methods of formation of practical skills and abilities of future aviation specialists contribute to the implementation of the applied direction of mathematics. We have given some examples of methods of applied direction of mathematics in aviation in the sources that are currently published. The prospect of our research is to further improve practical approaches to solving problems of mathematical training of students of aviation institutions of higher education. This should help increase the level of methodological training of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education institutions. At the same time, it should contribute to the improvement of methods of teaching mathematics in terms of its application. As a result, the graduate of the aviation institution of higher education must be ready for successful professional activity. Key words: applied direction of mathematics, coordinate systems in aviation, parallel transfer, rotation of axes, fundamental mathematical concepts in aviation.
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Sosonka, Iryna. "Determination of the correlation degree between GNSS stations of Ukraine based on time series." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2021.8.2.191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using GNSS for many years is the most common technology for the collection, processing, and interpretation of Earth observation data, in particular for the high-precision study of plate tectonics. The results of GNSS observations, such as coordinate time series, allow us to do continuous monitoring of stations, and modern methods of satellite observation processing provide high-precision results for geodynamic interpretation. The aim of our study is to process the results of observations by DD and PPP methods and determine the degree of correlation between GNSS stations based on coordinate time series. For our study, we selected 10 GNSS stations, which merged into two networks - Lviv (SAMB, STOY, STRY, SULP та ZLRS) and Ukrainian (BCRV, CHTK, CNIV, CRNI, GLSV та SULP). The duration of observations on each of them is about 1.5 years (2019-2020). The downloaded observation files were processed in two software packages: Gamit and GipsyX. After applying the «cleaned» procedures based on the iGPS software package, the residual time series were obtained and the coefficients of the interstation correlation matrices were calculated. After the procedure of "cleaning" the time series, we obtained the RMS value decrease for all components of the coordinates by an average of 7-30%, and some stations by 55%. Based on the obtained RMS values, we can conclude that the influence of unextracted or incorrectly modeled errors can significantly affect the results of satellite observations. The obtained interstation correlation coefficients for both networks show different results depending on the used method for processing satellite observations. The larger correlation values of the DD method can be explained by the fact that the effect of errors is distributed evenly to all network stations, whereas in the PPP method errors for each station are individual. The obtained graphs of the common-mode errors values, after their removal from the residual time series, confirm the more uniform nature of the DD method. The results of our study indicate the feasibility of using the PPP method, as the autonomous processing of stations allows you to see the real geodynamic picture of the studied region.
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Aliev, F. A., N. A. Ismailov, A. A. Namazov, N. A. Safarova, M. F. Rajabov, and P. B. Beisebay. "Asymptotic method for solution of identification problem of the nonlinear dynamic systems." Filomat 32, no. 3 (2018): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1803025a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dynamic system, when the motion of the object is described by the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, is considered. The right part of the system involves the phase coordinates as a unknown constant vector-parameter and a small number. The statistical data are taken from practice: the initial and final values of the object coordinates. Using the method of quasilinearization the given equation is reduced to the system of linear differential equations, where the coefficients of the coordinate and unknown parameter, also of the perturbations depend on a small parameter linearly. Then, by using the least-squares method the unknown constant vector-parameter is searched in the form of power series on a small parameter and for the coefficients of zero and the first orders the analytical formulas are given. The fundamental matrices both in a zero and in the first approach are constructed approximately, by means of the ordinary Euler method. On an example the determination of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance (CHR) in the lift in the oil extraction by gas lift method is illustrated, as the obtained results in the first approaching coincides with well-known results on order of 10-2.
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Basovets, S. K., I. V. Uporov, K. V. Shaitan, Yu F. Krupyanskii, I. V. Kurinov, I. P. Suzdalev, A. B. Rubin, and V. I. Goldanskii. "A method of mössbauer fourier spectroscopy for determination of the biopolimer coordinate correlation functions." Hyperfine Interactions 39, no. 4 (December 1988): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397646.
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Szmagliński, Jacek, Andrzej Wilk, Władysław Koc, Krzysztof Karwowski, Piotr Chrostowski, Jacek Skibicki, Sławomir Grulkowski, et al. "Verification of Satellite Railway Track Position Measurements Making Use of Standard Coordinate Determination Techniques." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081855.
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The article presents the results of satellite railway track position measurements performed by a multidisciplinary research team, the members of which represented Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University. Measuring methods are described which were used for reconstructing the railway track axis position and diagnosing railway track geometry deformations. As well as that, the description of the novel method developed by the authors to perform mobile GNSS measurements is included. The reported research aimed at assessing the uncertainty of railway track axis reconstruction making use of the dynamic GNSS method. To assess the applicability of this method, the obtained results were compared with those from the stationary measurement method used in railway business. The data used for comparison was recorded on the same railway track section during several measurement campaigns. In these campaigns, different types of GNSSs with different position recording frequencies (1–100 Hz) were used at different measurement speeds (5–70 km/h). The performed analysis has shown that the accuracy of railway track axis reconstruction making use of mobile GNSS measurements is sufficient for using this methodology in railway business.
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Filipiak, Daria, and Waldemar Kamiński. "Determination of Rectification Corrections for Semi Gantry Crane Rail Axes in the Local 3D Coordinate System." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 97, no. 1 (February 3, 2015): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0012.
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AbstractElectronic tacheometers are currently the standard instruments used in geodetic work, including also geodetic engineering measurements. The main advantage connected with this equipment is among others high accuracy of the measurement and thus high accuracy of the final determinations represented for example by the points’ coordinates. One of many applications of the tacheometers is the measurement of crane rail axes. This measurement is based on polar method and it allows to get the spatial coordinates of points in 3D local system. The standard technology of measurement of crane rail axes and development of its calculations’ results is well-known and widely presented in the subject literature. At the same time new methods of observations results evaluation are developing.Some new proposals for the development of measurement results were already presented in (Kamiński, 2013).This paper is a generalisation of the paper quoted above. The authors developed the concept which was presented there by a proposal for determining rectification corrections for semi gantry crane rail axes. To carried out the task, the parametric method with conditions on parameters was used. Moreover the practical tests on simulated measurement results were conducted. The results obtained from alignment confirmed the theoretical assumptions.Despite the fact that analyses were carried out only on the simulated data, it is already possible to say that presented method for determination of rectification corrections for crane rail axes can be used for development of the observations from real measurement.
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Zhang, Yudong, Shiying Wang, Claude Esling, Jean-Sébastien Lecomte, Christophe Schuman, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "A method to identify dislocations in a known crystal structure by transmission electron microscopy." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 6 (October 29, 2011): 1164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811041173.
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This paper proposes a method to identify the type and the Burgers vector of dislocations visualizedviatransmission electron microscopy (TEM). The first step is to determine experimentally the orientation, with respect to the sample holder, of a grain of known crystal structure whose dislocation slip systems have been previously reported. With this determined orientation of the grain, the method calculates the orientation of the projections of the possible dislocation line vectors in the transmission electron microscope screen coordinate system and then compares them with the observed dislocations to identify their type and the Burgers vector. The coordinate transformations underlying the method are outlined, and its validity is demonstrated using TEM measurements on a titanium sample. The method is expected to simplify the related TEM determination work.
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Han, Hyemin. "A Novel Method to Use Coordinate Based Meta-Analysis to Determine a Prior Distribution for Voxelwise Bayesian Second-Level fMRI Analysis." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030356.
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Previous research showed that employing results from meta-analyses of relevant previous fMRI studies can improve the performance of voxelwise Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis. In this process, prior distributions for Bayesian analysis can be determined by information acquired from the meta-analyses. However, only image-based meta-analysis, which is not widely accessible to fMRI researchers due to the lack of shared statistical images, was tested in the previous study, so the applicability of the prior determination method proposed by the previous study might be limited. In the present study, whether determining prior distributions based on coordinate-based meta-analysis, which is widely accessible to researchers, can also improve the performance of Bayesian analysis, was examined. Three different types of coordinate-based meta-analyses, BrainMap and Ginger ALE, and NeuroQuery, were tested as information sources for prior determination. Five different datasets addressing three task conditions, i.e., working memory, speech, and face processing, were analyzed via Bayesian analysis with a meta-analysis informed prior distribution, Bayesian analysis with a default Cauchy prior adjusted for multiple comparisons, and frequentist analysis with familywise error correction. The findings from the aforementioned analyses suggest that use of coordinate-based meta-analysis also significantly enhanced performance of Bayesian analysis as did image-based meta-analysis.
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Lee, C., A. T. Yang, and B. Ravani. "Coordinate System Independent Form of Instantaneous Invariants in Spatial Kinematics." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919292.
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This paper presents explicit equations for the instantaneous invariants of spatial kinematics that are coordinate systems independent. This eliminates the need for laborious coordinate transformations necessary in the determination of the canonical coordinate systems. It provides for a direct method for the calculation of instantaneous invariants based on information specifying the rigid body motion in any arbitrary task coordinate systems. Explicit equations are presented for instantaneous invariants up to the third order for spatial and spherical motions and up to the fourth order for planar motions. The results provide for a useful tool in design and analysis of mechanisms and motions based on instantaneous invariants. Examples are presented to illustrate the theory.