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Статті в журналах з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Banachowicz, Andrzej, and Adam Wolski. "Determination of Ship Approach Parameters in the Polar Coordinates System." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An essential aspect of the safety of navigation is avoiding collisions with other vessels and natural or man made navigational obstructions. To solve this kind of problem the navigator relies on automatic anti-collision ARPA systems, or uses a geometric method and makes radar plots. In both cases radar measurements are made: bearing (or relative bearing) on the target position and distance, both naturally expressed in the polar coordinates system originating at the radar antenna. We first convert original measurements to an ortho-Cartesian coordinate system. Then we solve collision avoiding problems in rectangular planar coordinates, and the results are transformed to the polar coordinate system. This article presents a method for an analysis of a collision situation at sea performed directly in the polar coordinate system. This approach enables a simpler geometric interpretation of a collision situation
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Rakishev, Bayan, Zaure Rakisheva, Alma Auezova, and Аsfandiyar Orynbay. "Automated determination of internal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An automated method for determining the internal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass is described. It is based on the method of determining the nodal points of the coordinate grid of the blasted rock mass, which is based on taking into account the dependencies that connect the initial parameters of the blasting rock mass with the final location of the fixed points of the blasted rock mass. The determining factors are the specific height and width of the collapse, the coefficient of loosening of the rocks. The method of analysis of experimental and industrial mass explosions in quarries, methods of analytical geometry, matrix theory and linear algebra are used. For the first time in mining, an analytical method has been developed for determining the internal points of the coordinate grid of an exploded block. It includes the established functions of the movement of nodal points, components of the vectors of movement of nodal and internal points of the coordinate grid. The established dependencies allow one to determine the displacements of any point inside the coordinate grid of the blasted block from the initial coordinates of the nodal and internal points.
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Gubanov, V. S., Z. M. Malkin, and N. I. Solina. "A New Method of Relative Coordinate-and-Time Determination." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 156 (1993): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900173656.
Повний текст джерела
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Zhang, Yu Dong, Shi Ying Wang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Determination of Crystallographic Elements (Dislocation and Surface Plane) from Automated TEM Orientation Determination." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the present work, we summarized two calculation methods to determine some specific crystallographic elements based on electron diffraction orientation measurements performed by TEM. The first one is to determine the type and the Burgers vector of dislocations for a known crystal structure. The method calculates the orientation of the projections of all the possible dislocation line vectors in the TEM screen coordinate system using the determined crystallographic orientation of the grain and then compares them with the observed ones to identify the observed dislocations. The second is to characterize the surface crystalline planes and directions of faceted nano-particles. With the determination of the edge trace vectors and then the plane normal vectors in the screen coordinate system of the TEM, their Miller indices in the crystal coordinate system can be calculated through coordinate transformation. These methods are expected to facilitate the related studies.
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Blajer, Wojciech. "On the Determination of Joint Reactions in Multibody Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1667944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper some existing codes for the determination of joint reactions in multibody mechanisms are first reviewed. The codes relate to the DAE (differential-algebraic equation) dynamics formulations in absolute coordinates and in relative joint coordinates, and to the ODE (ordinary differential equation) formulations obtained by applying the coordinate partitioning method to these both coordinate types. On this background a novel efficient approach to the determination of joint reactions is presented, naturally associated with the reduced-dimension formulations of mechanism dynamics. By introducing open-constraint coordinates to specify the prohibited relative motions in the joints, pseudoinverse matrices to the constraint Jacobian matrices are derived in an automatic way. The involvement of the pseudo-inverses leads to schemes in which the joint reactions are obtained directly in resolved forms—no matrix inversion is needed as it is required in the classical codes. This makes the developed schemes especially well suited for both symbolic manipulators and computer implementations. Illustrative examples are provided.
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Sinclair, A. T., G. M. Appleby, and J. Y. Xia. "Determination of earth rotation and station coordinates from Lageos data." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 128 (1988): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900119400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A package of computer programs for the analysis of satellite laser ranging data has been written at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The methods used are described, and the Earth rotation parameters and station coordinates derived from the MERIT Lageos data are given, with comparisons with other determinations. The uncertainty of the absolute value of the z-coordinate of the stations is discussed, and a method of short-arc analysis for determining baselines is described.
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Polivanov, A. Y., Y. V. Ivanov, and D. V. Kholin. "The Method of the Computer Vision System Coordinate Transformation for an Industrial Robot for a Laser Welding Operation." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 21, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.21.166-173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the authors consider the problem of coordinate transformation in computer vision systems (CVS) of robotic system (RS) for laser welding. Laser welding is a highly efficient technological operation in many respects superior to common types of welding due to the high concentration of energy at the welding point. However, laser welding has a number of requirements, including a high requirement for the accuracy of positioning the laser head relative to the welding joint. Adaptive control systems based on CVS allow to provide the required accuracy. The main task of CVS is to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using a video sensor, convert the received coordinates into a coordinate system in which the RS is controlled, and the converted coordinates are transferred to the control system. Note, the accuracy and determination of coordinates are important factors. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to consider the coordinate transformation as a set of actions performed taking into account the specifics of using CVS as part of an RS for laser welding. For this purpose, the article analyzes typical schemes for placing CVS on industrial robots and proposes the most suitable configuration for laser welding. A methodology was also developed for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using the triangulation method. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the main existing methods for calibrating CVS video sensors and proposed an original method for calibrating videosensors taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the RS for laser welding. As a result, the article presents the rationale for the need to consider coordinate conversion to CVS as part of an RS for laser welding, as well as a set of methods that allows to perform conversions from a virtual coordinate system of a video sensor to a coordinate system of a robot, which allows direct control based on CVS data. In conclusion, the authors give a method for calibrating a video sensor, which allows achieving the requirements specified in the article for the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the welding joint.
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Jakubiec, Władysław. "Estimation of Uncertainty of Coordinate Measurements According to the Type B Method." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper describes a new method for analytical estimation of the uncertainty component introduced by the CMM, including temperature influence. The uncertainty is estimated separately for each characteristic (dimension or geometrical deviation) given in the geometrical specification. The uncertainty is calculated directly, i.e. no analysis of the accuracy of determination of particular geometrical elements is performed. The fundamental condition enabling analytical estimation of the uncertainty is assumption that uncertainty of coordinate measurement depends on the differences of coordinates of characteristic points used to calculate particular deviation.
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Fys, Mykhailo, Volodymyr Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, and Svyatoslav Litynskyi. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim. The study of formulas determination of the point coordinates by the inverse linear-angular intersection method. Previously, we investigated the possibility of using electronic total stations to control the geometric parameters of industrial buildings. The applied application of electronic total stations for high-precision measurements has been investigated as well. [Vivat, 2018]. The formula for optimal use of the device with certain accuracy characteristics relative to the measured basis is analytically proved and derived [Litynskyi, 2014]. Measurements on the basis of the II category are performed and theoretical calculations are confirmed. The possibility of achieving high accuracy in determining the segment by the method of linear-angular measurements is shown [Litynsky, 2015]. The influence of the angle value on the accuracy of determining the coordinates by the sine theorem is investigated and the possibility of optimizing the determination of coordinates by the method of inverse linear-angular serif by the formulas of cosines and sines is investigated [Litynskyi, 2019]. Method. Establishing a mathematical interconnection between measured values (distances and angles) with the required (flat coordinates of a point), differentiation and finding the minima of functions. Results.There were five formulas selected, of which six combinations had been created to calculate the increments of coordinates and to estimate their accuracy. Numerical experiments show that neither method has a significant advantage, which is supported by the results presented in the graphs and tables. It is worth noting one feature of the second method - in which it is possible to determine the increments of coordinates with an accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of measuring the sides. The possibility of optimizing the coordinate increments determination due to the choice of calculation formulas is considered. The possibility of increasing the accuracy of determination of the coordinates increments using different calculation formulas is researched. Consequently, it is suggested to optimize the choice of calculation formulas depending on the position of the desired point. The results of these studies can be used to create electronic total station or laser tracker application software in order to improve the accuracy of coordinate determination.
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Uozumi, Yosuke, Kouki Nagamune, Naoki Nakano, Kanto Nagai, Daisuke Araki, Yuichi Hoshino, Takehiko Matsushita, Ryosuke Kuroda, and Masahiro Kurosaka. "Fully Automated Determination of Femoral Coordinate System in CT Image Based on Epicondyles." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 19, no. 3 (May 20, 2015): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2015.p0372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We propose a fully automated determination of the femoral coordinates in computerized tomography (CT) imaging based on epicondyles. The challenge point of this paper is that we take up how to calculate the femoral coordinate system (FCS), which is difficult to determine automatically. Our proposed method automatically determines the FCS based on anatomical reference points. We evaluated 10 subjects (six men and four women 28.9 ± 9.3 years old, three left-handed and seven right-handed) who had no history of joint injury. We examined the proposed method by comparing the expert and algorithm. The medial epicondyle was 1.41 ± 0.75 mmp= 0.42 > 0.05, student’sttest) in positioning accuracy. The lateral epicondyle was 1.36 ± 0.70 mmp= 0.42) in positioning accuracy. The origin was 0.87 ± 0.40 mmp= 0.71). in positioning accuracy. The lateral axis angle accuracy was 0.53 ± 0.84°p= 0.44). In short, the proposed method constructed patient-specific coordinate systems more accurately than expert manual.
Дисертації з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Руденко, Павло Андрійович. "Технологічне забезпечення токарного оброблення деталей складної конструкції". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/30836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Структура та об’єм роботи. У магістерську дисертацію входить вступ, 4 розділи, загальні висновки, список використаної літератури. Робота складається з 96 сторінок тексту, 21 таблиці, 43 рисунків та 10 літературних джерел.
Актуальність теми. Для сучасного виробництва одним з найважливіших аспектів є час оброблення деталей, тому що це напряму має вплив на економічну складову. Для виробництва, яке виготовляє складові для протезів нижніх кінцівок, час є найголовнішою проблемою через те, що реалізація деталей відбувається за рахунок проведення тендеру у якого є певні межі часу на виконання. Тому автору необхідно було надати рекомендації для скорочення операційного часу на 20%.
Мета та завдання дослідження. Проаналізувати наявний метод виготовлення деталі складної конструкції «Корпус». Проаналізувати та надати рекомендації по модернізації технологічного процесу за рахунок використання сучасного технологічного оснащення. Дослідити, оптимізувати, та впровадити в роботу нові засоби виробництва.
Об’єкт дослідження – технологічний процес виготовлення модуля гомілки регульовано-з`єднувального вузла який має складну конструкцію.
Предмет дослідження – скорочення операційного часу для виготовлення однієї деталі.
Методи дослідження: ознайомлення та аналіз технологічного процесу, дослідження виникнення проблем технологічної системи яка використовується, аналіз каталогів провідних компаній по виробництву оснащення для отримання повної інформації використання сучасних технологій, дослідження режимів роботи обладнання для можливості зробити рекомендації по оптимізації.
Наукова новизна отриманих результатів:
1. Дослідження рекомендованих режимів роботи технологічного оснащення на прикладі працюючого виробництва, оптимізація цих режимів та встановлення похибки для подальшого її використання при впроваджені нового оснащення.
2. Розробка універсального методу визначення координат осі різального інструменту під час використання редукторів з поворотним кутом осі шпинделя та його впровадження в умовах реального виробництва.
Практичне значення отриманих результатів. Отримані результати були впроваджені на виробництві підприємства ТОВ «КБ «Імпульс» та в повну міру використовуються в робочому процесі. В наявності є довідка з виробництва на якому впроваджені результати роботи. Також в наявності є екземпляр експериментального дослідження для підтвердження працездатності результатів.Structure and scope of work. The master's thesis includes an introduction, 4 sections, general conclusions, a list of used literature. The work consists of 96 pages of text, 21 tables, 43 drawings and 10 literary sources. Actuality of theme. For modern production, one of the most important aspects is the time of machining of parts, because this direction has an impact on the economic component. For the manufacturing of components for lower limb prostheses, time is the main problem because parts are sold through a tender that has certain time limits for execution. Therefore, the author had to provide recommendations for reducing operating time by 20%. The purpose and objectives of the study. To analyze the existing method of manufacturing a part of complex construction "Hull". Analyze and provide recommendations for the modernization of the technological process through the use of modern technological equipment. Investigate, optimize, and deploy new production tools. The object of study - is the technological process of manufacturing the module of the shin of the adjustable-connecting node, which has a complex design. The subject of the study- is the reduction of operating time for the manufacture of one part. Research methods: familiarization and analysis of the technological process, investigation of the problems of the technological system used, analysis of the catalogs of leading equipment manufacturing companies to obtain complete information on the use of modern technologies, the study of equipment operating modes to be able to make optimization recommendations. Scientific novelty of the obtained results: 1. Investigation of the recommended operating modes of technological equipment on the example of a working production, optimization of these modes and establishment of an error for its further use when introducing new equipment. 2. Development of a universal method for determining the coordinates of the axis of the cutting tool when using gearboxes with a rotating angle of the spindle axis and its implementation in real production. The practical significance of the results obtained. The obtained results were implemented at the production of the enterprise of DO"Impulse" Co., Ltd and are fully used in the working process. There is a production certificate on which the results of work are implemented. A copy of the experimental study is also available to confirm the workability of the results.
Структура и объем работы. В магистерскую диссертацию входить введение, 4 главы, выводы, список использованной литературы. Работа состоит из 96 страниц текста, 21 таблиц, 43 рисунков и 10 литературных источников. Актуальность темы. Для современного производства одним из важнейших аспектов есть время обработки деталей, потому что это напрямую влияет на экономическую составляющию. Для производства которое производит составляющие для протезов нижних конечностей, время является самой главной проблемою из-за того, что реализация деталей происходит за счет проведения тендера у которого есть определенные сроки времени на выполнение. Поэтому автору необходимо было предоставить рекомендации для сокращения операционного времени на 20%. Цель и задачи исследования. Проанализировать имеющийся метод изготовления детали сложной конструкции «Корпус». Проанализировать и предоставить рекомендации по модернизации технологического процесса за счет использование современного технологического оборудования. Иследовать, оптимизировать, и внедрить в работу новые средства производства. Объект исследования - технологический процесс изготовления модуля голени регулировано-соединительного узла который имеет слжную конструкцию. Предмет исследования - сокращение операционного времени для изготовления одной детали. Методы исследования: Ознакомление и анализ технологического процесса, исследования возникновение проблем технологической системы которая используется, анализ каталогов ведущих компаний по производству оснастки для получение полной информации использование современных технологий, исследования режимов работы оборудования для возможности сделать рекомендации по оптимизации. Научная новизна полученных результатов: 1. Исследование рекомендованных режимов работы технологического оборудования на примере работающего производства, оптимизация этих режимов и установления погрешности для дальнейшего ее использование при внедрении нового оснащения. 2. Разработка универсального метода определения координат оси инструмента во время использование редукторов с поворотным углом оси шпинделя и его внедрение в условиях реального производства. Практическое значение полученных результатов. Полученные результаты были внедрены на производстве предприятия ООО «КБ« Импульс »и в полную меру используются в рабочем процессе. В наличии есть справка от производства на котором внедрены результаты работы. Также в наличии имеется экземпляр экспериментального исследования для подтверждения работоспособности результатов.
Книги з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
Частини книг з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Tolchelnikova-Murri, S. A. "Modified Method of Krejnin and Murri for the Determination of Absolute Declinations." In Inertial Coordinate System on the Sky, 95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0613-6_32.
Повний текст джерела
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Gubanov, V. S., Z. M. Malkin, and N. I. Solina. "A New Method of Relative Coordinate-and-Time Determination." In Developments in Astrometry and Their Impact on Astrophysics and Geodynamics, 427–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1711-1_81.
Повний текст джерела
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Duma, D. P., L. N. Kizjun, N. I. Laptienko, M. A. Mel’nikov, and Yu I. Safronov. "Instrument and Method for Determination of High-Precision Coordinates of Geostationary Artificial Satellites." In Astrometric Techniques, 243–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4676-7_30.
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Spirov, Alexander V., Dmitry L. Timakin, John Reinitz, and David Kosman. "Experimental Determination of Drosophila Embryonic Coordinates by Genetic Algorithms, the Simplex Method, and Their Hybrid." In Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing, 97–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45561-2_10.
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Sinclair, A. T., and G. M. Appleby. "A short-arc method for determination of station coordinates and baselines applied to the Mediterranean area." In Contributions of Space Geodesy to Geodynamics: Crustal Dynamics, 389–96. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd023p0389.
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Kataieva, Mariia, and Alina Yurchuk. "Intellectual Measuring Complex for Control of Geometrical Parameters of Aviation Details." In Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries, 352–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1415-3.ch015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter proposes a new automated method of measuring complex three-dimensional surfaces of aircraft parts in static and dynamic modes. The method allows conducting measurements in closed conditions and at the site of the aircraft disposition. The method consists in the continuous determination of the coordinates of the points of the surface of the detail and their representation in a three-dimensional graphic depiction. New methods of measuring the geometric parameters of parts with the complex spatial surface are suggested. This opens the prospect for the development of new ways of measuring geometric parameters of parts in real-time with high metrological characteristics and computer simulation of the measurement process. The differential-digital method is based on the suggested zero-coordinate principle of the measurement process which involves simultaneous parts availability check, and connects measurement result obtained which provided a reduction in the order of measurement error.
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Ivanov, Mykhailo, Lars Lindner, Oleg Sergiyenko, Julio Cesar Rodríguez-Quiñonez, Wendy Flores-Fuentes, and Moises Rivas-Lopez. "Mobile Robot Path Planning Using Continuous Laser Scanning." In Optoelectronics in Machine Vision-Based Theories and Applications, 338–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5751-7.ch012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main object of this book chapter is an introduction and presentation of mobile robot path planning using continuous laser scanning, which has significant advantages compared with discrete laser scanning. A general introduction to laser scanning systems is given, whereby a novel technical vision system (TVS) using the dynamic triangulation measurement method for 3D coordinate determination is found suitable for accomplishing this task of mobile robot path planning. Furthermore, methods and algorithms for mobile robot road maps and path planning are presented and compared.
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Dodson, Alan, and Terry Moore. "Geodetic Techniques." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Establishing a claim to the continental shelf is very much dependent on being able to establish base lines, locations, distances and water depth with a high degree of accuracy. Although this has always been the case, it has become much more significant with the increasing accuracy of measurement instrumentation, the introduction of global (satellite) positioning systems, and the need for international collaboration and agreement. This chapter outlines the measurements or calculations relating to position on the surface of the Earth, the geodetic principles underlying the concepts of coordinates and their reference systems, and the level of accuracy with which positions can be determined. Until the advent of satellite positioning and navigation systems, and in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), geodetic coordinate systems were of little interest to many of the users of coordinate position information. Indeed, many of today's problems stem from historical misunderstanding of the true complexity of systems of coordinates (Ashkenazi, 1986). The first section of this chapter describes a number of common types of coordinate representation, their implementation in the definition of coordinate systems, and the interpretation of these systems with reference data. Examples of typical local, regional, and geocentric data are outlined as illustration of the general principles. In order to combine coordinates based on differing systems, be it the combination of different national systems or of a national and a geocentric system, it is also necessary to understand the methods of transforming coordinates from one system to another. Details of these methods are presented. Coordinate values within the described systems will usually have been obtained through geodetic observation of national (or international) control networks, with subsequent measurement of detail referenced to those network stations. The chapter therefore gives a brief description of geodetic networks before discussing in some detail the theory of errors and related accuracy analysis which is required in order that realistic accuracy estimates can be ascribed to positional information. The final section presents the definitions and calculation algorithms relating to geodetic distance determination on the Earth's surface, with emphasis on the geodesic— the shortest line between points on an ellipsoidal reference surface, and therefore the line that all distances in article 76 are referred to.
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Raspotnig, Christian, Peter Karpati, and Andreas L. Opdahl. "Combined Assessment of Software Safety and Security Requirements." In Research Anthology on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Security, 666–93. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7705-9.ch031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Safety is a fundamental concern in modern society, and security is a precondition for safety. Ensuring safety and security of complex integrated systems requires a coordinated approach that involve different stakeholder groups going beyond safety and security experts and system developers. The authors have therefore proposed CHASSIS (Combined Harm Assessment of Safety and Security for Information Systems), a method for collaborative determination of requirements for safe and secure systems. In this article, the authors evaluate CHASSIS through industrial case studies of two small-to-medium sized suppliers to the air-traffic management (ATM) sector. The results suggest that CHASSIS is easy to use, and that handling safety and security together provides benefits because techniques, information, and knowledge can be reused. The authors conclude that further exploration and development of CHASSIS is worthwhile, but that better documentation is needed—including more detailed process guidelines—to support elicitation of security and safety requirements and to systematically relate them to functional requirements.
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Raspotnig, Christian, Peter Karpati, and Andreas L. Opdahl. "Combined Assessment of Software Safety and Security Requirements." In Research Anthology on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Security, 666–93. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7705-9.ch031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Safety is a fundamental concern in modern society, and security is a precondition for safety. Ensuring safety and security of complex integrated systems requires a coordinated approach that involve different stakeholder groups going beyond safety and security experts and system developers. The authors have therefore proposed CHASSIS (Combined Harm Assessment of Safety and Security for Information Systems), a method for collaborative determination of requirements for safe and secure systems. In this article, the authors evaluate CHASSIS through industrial case studies of two small-to-medium sized suppliers to the air-traffic management (ATM) sector. The results suggest that CHASSIS is easy to use, and that handling safety and security together provides benefits because techniques, information, and knowledge can be reused. The authors conclude that further exploration and development of CHASSIS is worthwhile, but that better documentation is needed—including more detailed process guidelines—to support elicitation of security and safety requirements and to systematically relate them to functional requirements.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Shults, Roman, Asset Urazaliev, Andriy Annenkov, Olena Nesterenko, Oksana Kucherenko, and Kateryna Kim. "Different Approaches to Coordinate Transformation Parameters Determination of Nonhomogeneous Coordinate Systems." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During reconstruction and restoration of city geodetic networks, there is quite a common problem that is related to the nonhomogeneity of existing geodetic networks. In any city, local authorities operate with their coordinate systems. Such conditions lead to inconsistency between data of different services. There is only one way how to overcome the problem that lies in the creation and deployment of the new common coordinate system for the whole city. But such an approach has a lack connected with the necessity of transformation parameters acquisition for the latest and old coordinate systems. Insofar as old coordinate systems had been created with different accuracy, using various equipment, and measuring technologies, it is not possible to consider them as homogeneous. It means that we cannot use a classical conformal Helmert transformation to link different coordinate systems. In the presented paper were studied the different approaches for transformation parameters acquisition. A case study of the Almaty city coordinate system was researched and compared the following methods: Helmert transformation, bilinear transformation, the second and third-order regression transformation, and the fourth-order conformal polynomial transformation. It was found out that neither of the considered methods maintains the necessary transformation accuracy (>5 cm). That is why the creation of the transformation field using the finite element method (FEM) was suggested. The whole city was divided into triangles using Delaunay triangulation. For each triangle, the transformation parameters were found using affine transformation with the necessary accuracy.
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Zhang, Miao, Zhenzhou Lai, Zhenya Geng, and Shen Yi. "Filter coordinate frame based EKF method for celestial autonomous orbit determination." In 2014 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6861007.
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Petroškevicius, Petras, Romuald Obuchovski, Rosita Birvydienė, Ricardas Kolosovskis, Raimundas Putrimas, Boleslovas Krikštaponis, Dovydas Macijauskas, et al. "New Research on Gravity Field in Lithuanian Territory." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New research of Lithuanian territory gravity field was started in 2016 with aim to improve accuracy of quasigeoid as well as accuracy of normal heights determined by methods of satellite geodesy. Obtained data could be used in the research of geophysics, geodynamics as well as in performing the precise navigation. Quartz automatic gravimeters Scintrex CG-5 are planned to be used for the survey consisting of 30000 points. Method of gravity measurements was worked out. RMS error of gravity determined with this method does not exceed 60 @Gal. Coordinates and heights of measured points are determined with GNSS using LitPOS network and LIT15G quasigeoid model. RMS error of coordinate determination does not exceed 0,20 m, for normal heights – 0,15 m. Method of gravity anomalies determination and their accuracy estimation was prepared.
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Barraza-Madrigal, JA, R. Munoz-Guerrero, L. Leija-Salas, P. Hernandez-Rodriguez, E. Cardiel-Perez, and A. Demetrio-Villanueva. "A novel method for determination and representation the range of motion for the shoulder joint through its coordinate axis." In 2013 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2013.6568246.
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Kiss, Adam K., Daniel Bachrathy, and Gabor Stepan. "Experimental Determination of Dominant Multipliers in Milling Process by Means of Homogeneous Coordinate Transformation." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this contribution, a chatter detection method is investigated for milling operations. The proposed approach can give not only qualitative condition (stable or unstable), but a quantitative measure of stability. For this purpose, it requires an external excitation of stable machining condition. Transient vibration of the perturbation is captured by means of stroboscopic section, and the corresponding monodromy operator is approximated by its projection to the subspace of the dominant modes. The monodromy matrix is determined with the application of homogeneous coordinate representation. Then, the periodic solution and the dominant characteristic multipliers are calculated and their modulus determines the quantitative measure of stability condition.
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Barbato, G., E. M. Barini, P. Pedone, D. Romano, and G. Vicario. "Sampling Point Sequential Determination by Kriging for Tolerance Verification With CMM." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used in industry, mainly for assessing product’s compliance to geometrical specifications. They are a de-facto standard for such a control, owing to their high accuracy and flexibility in catering to different measurement tasks with fast and easy setup change. One of the key aspects of any CMM inspection plan, affecting accuracy and cost, is the choice of the measurement strategy, namely the definition of the number and the location of the points sampled on the part’s surface. In the industrial practice, such important decisions are usually left to the experience of qualified operators. A method is presented here, based upon an innovative application of Kriging models to coordinate metrology, that defines an adaptive sampling strategy with the goal of obtaining accurate estimates of form errors using relatively small samples. Exploitation of kriging models (originated for geostatistics investigations, then successfully applied to the sector of Computer Experiments) in dimensional metrology entails however some adjustments. Two practical cases of form error estimation have been investigated, the first dealing with flatness verification, and the second with roundness.
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Nowel, Krzysztof, Sławomir Cellmer, and Dawid Kwasniak. "A Minimum Size of the Search Cube in the MAFA-ILS Method." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Modified Ambiguity Function Approach – Integer Least Squares (MAFA-ILS) is one of the modern method for the precise real-time GNSS positioning, for many applications such as geodesy or surveying engineering. Contrary to the classic approach, in the MAFA-ILS method the solution is sought in the coordinate domain. However, to obtain a proper solution, the search region cannot be too small. On the other hand, to have an effective solution – in the computational load sense – this region cannot be too big. In this case the determination of the minimum size of appropriate search region is not a trivial task. The paper presents a certain solution of this problem.
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Turek, Steven, and Sam Anand. "A Hull Normal Approach for Determining the Size of Cylindrical Features." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In coordinate metrology, discrete data is sampled from a continuous form to assess the manufactured feature’s deviation from its design specifications. Although coordinate measuring machines have a high degree of accuracy, the unsampled portion of the manufactured object cannot be completely described. The definition of cylindrical size for an external feature as specified by ASME Y14.5.1M-1994 [1,2] matches the analytical definition of a minimum circumscribing cylinder (MCC) when Rule #1 is applied. Even though the MCC is a logical analysis technique for size determination, it is highly sensitive to the sampling method and any uncertainties encountered in that process. Determining the least-sum-of-squares solution is an alternative method commonly utilized in size determination. However, the least-squares formulation seeks an optimal solution not based on the cylindrical size definition [1,2], and hence has been shown to be biased [6,7]. This research presents a novel Hull Normal method for size determination of cylindrical bosses. The goal of the proposed method is to recreate the sampled surface using computational geometry methods and determine the cylinder’s axis and radius based upon the reconstructed surface. Through varying the random sample size of data from an actual measured part, repetitive analyses resulted in the Hull Normal method having a lower bias and distributions that were skewed towards the true value of the radius.
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Nagamune, K., D. Araki, S. Kubo, R. Kuroda, and M. Kurosaka. "Automated determination method of tibial bone coordinate system for analysing bone tunnel trans-position after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction from a knee MDCT image." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2010.5584247.
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Akbarshahi, Massoud, Justin W. Fernandez, Anthony Schache, Richard Baker, and Marcus G. Pandy. "Using MR Imaging and X-Ray Fluoroscopy to Quantify the Effects of Soft-Tissue Artifact on Measurement of Knee-Joint Kinematics." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206551.
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The ability to accurately measure joint kinematics in vivo is of critical importance to researchers in the field of biomechanics [1]. Applications range from the quantitative evaluation of different surgical techniques, treatment methods and/or implant designs, to the development of computer-based models capable of simulating normal and pathological musculoskeletal conditions [1,2]. Currently, non-invasive marker-based three dimensional (3D) motion analysis is the most commonly used method for quantitative assessment of normal and pathological locomotion. The accuracy of this technique is influenced by movement of the soft tissues relative to the underlying bones, which causes inaccuracies in the determination of segmental anatomical coordinate systems and tracking of segmental motion. The purpose of this study was to quantify the errors in the measurement of knee-joint kinematics due solely to soft-tissue artifact (STA) in healthy subjects. To facilitate valid inter-subject comparisons of the kinematic data, relevant anatomical coordinate systems were defined using 3D bone models generated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Звіти організацій з теми "Coordinate determination method"
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.