Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cooperative indentity"

The European Union (EU) has responded to changing security threats by seeking to increase cooperation between the law enforcement agencies of the Member States, granting further powers to Europol and other intelligence-sharing institutions, and by undertaking police missions beyond EU borders. The literature relating to EU policing is generally focused on the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ dimensions, or on specific aspects of police activity. This tendency to concentrate on narrow or isolated areas of policing has led to a significant gap regarding the broader analysis of the EU as a comprehensive police actor. Important questions about the nature of EU policing as a whole, as well as the contribution of policing activities to the EU’s security agenda, remain unexplored in the literature. This article aims to define what is meant by ‘comprehensive policing’ and to indentify criteria by which the comprehensiveness of EU-level policing may be measured. In addition to this, an integrated actorness/police comprehensiveness framework will be presented as a tool for assessing the EU as a comprehensive police actor.

ABSTRACTThe oral microbial flora consists of many beneficial species of bacteria that are associated with a healthy condition and control the progression of oral disease. Cooperative interactions between oral streptococci and the pathogens play important roles in the development of dental biofilms in the oral cavity. To determine the roles of oral streptococci in multispecies biofilm development and the effects of the streptococci in biofilm formation, the active substances inhibitingStreptococcus mutansbiofilm formation were purified fromStreptococcus salivariusATCC 9759 and HT9R culture supernatants using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis was performed, and the results were compared to databases. TheS. salivariusHT9R genome sequence was determined and used to indentify candidate proteins for inhibition. The candidates inhibiting biofilms were identified asS. salivariusfructosyltransferase (FTF) and exo-beta-d-fructosidase (FruA). The activity of the inhibitors was elevated in the presence of sucrose, and the inhibitory effects were dependent on the sucrose concentration in the biofilm formation assay medium. Purified and commercial FruA fromAspergillus niger(31.6% identity and 59.6% similarity to the amino acid sequence of FruA fromS. salivariusHT9R) completely inhibitedS. mutansGS-5 biofilm formation on saliva-coated polystyrene and hydroxyapatite surfaces. Inhibition was induced by decreasing polysaccharide production, which is dependent on sucrose digestion rather than fructan digestion. The data indicate thatS. salivariusproduces large quantities of FruA and that FruA alone may play an important role in multispecies microbial interactions for sucrose-dependent biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

The Wasatiyyah or moderation Institute for Peace and Development was initiated by the current Chularajmontri, Aziz Pithakkompon on 21th August 2014, with the aims of fostering harmony among the diverse ethnics in the country and providing a counter-balance to extremism and extremist as it is taking place in various parts of the world and promoting moderation and peace among Muslims in Thai society. The concept of wasatiyyah or moderation is appropriate to be highlighted and practiced in Thai society to curb extremist activities in all matters. Even though some negative perceptions were voiced by a few parties, but the actual intentions could result in a decline of racial strains, as being moderate has been the practice of the Malay community and its leaders for ages. In fact, this approach has contributed to the success of the Malay community in the Deep South in securing the Malay indentity from their Buddhist neighburs in the country, without having to resort to spilling a lot of blood. Based on previous research, it was observed that the concept of wasatiyyah had a great influence on the Malays, as it had a strong link with the Islamic values that have been embedded in the Malay community. The Islamic values are the main elements that shape the Malays’ conduct, and it is the results of interaction with social norms, for it has bred certain social values that include compromise, modesty, respect and cooperation as transpired when Malays interact among themselves or with other communities. The main goal for the institution to maintain peace and harmony in the society. Based on textual analysis, the study determines that the concept of wasatiyyah concept or moderation is part of the social values borne out of the Malays’ values based on Islamic teachings. Hence, the question is, to what extent does the wasatiyyah concept implemented in the institute. In order to answer the question above, this study has set two main objectives. First, to identify the wasatiyyah concept in Islamic law; and second, to analyse its implementation in the institude. The qualitative study in the form of exploratory and descriptive approach used the content analysis method. The content analysis method was used to identify and analyse the wasatiyyah concept in Islamic law and also to analyse the implementation of the wasatiyyah concept in the institute.

This study aims to indentify and analyze (1) the arrangements regarding the form of legal protection for depositors at Sharia MFIs, (2) the limitations regarding the authority of OJK to depositors at Sharia MFIs. The research method used is juridical normative using a statute approach, conceptual approach and case approach. The results of this research are (1) Regulations regarding the form of legal protection for depositors in the form of preventive protection are clearly contained in the laws regarding MFIs. Meanwhile, repressive protection in the form of dispute resolution is carried out at the Religious Court,and it can be resolved through other means based on the agreement of the disputing parties if it is stated in the agreement. Legal protection regarding depositing customer funds in the form of LPS can be found in Article 19 of the laws regarding MFIs, government regulations that further explain the LPS rules for this Sharia MFIs do not yet exist, so it can be said that this LPS has not yet been formed, (2) The limitations of the OJK's authority are include about regulation, supervision and settlement of Sharia MFIs, especially in terms of solvency and liquidity difficulties which are assisted by the Regency/City Government or other appointed parties. Furthermore, the Ministry of Cooperatives conducts the inspection with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and OJK on Sharia MFIs in terms of licensing and guidance. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis (1) pengaturan mengenai bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah penyimpan pada LKM Syariah, (2) batasan mengenai kewenangan OJK kepada nasabah penyimpan pada LKM Syariah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Pengaturan mengenai bentuk perlindungan hukum nasabah penyimpan berupa perlindungan preventif sudah secara jelas terdapat pada undang-undang mengenai LKM. Sedangkan perlindungan represif berupa penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan di Pengadilan Agama, dapat diselesaikan melalui cara lain berdasarkan kesepakatan para pihak yang bersengketa bila dicantumkan pada perjanjian. Perlindungan hukum mengenai dana nasabah penyimpan berupa LPS dapat ditemukan pada undang-undangan mengenai LKM Pasal 19, peraturan pemerintah yang menjelaskan lebih lanjut mengenai aturan LPS pada LKM Syariah ini belum ada sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa LPS ini belum dibentuk, (2) Batasan kewenangan OJK diantaranya mengenai pengaturan, pengawasan serta penyelesaian terhadap LKM Syariah terutama dalam hal kesulitan solvabilitas dan likuiditas yang dibantu oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota atau kepada pihak lain yang ditunjuk. Sedangkan Kementerian Koperasi melakukan pemeriksaan bersama-sama dengan Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan OJK pada LKM Syariah dalam hal perizinan dan pembinaannya.

ABSTRACT Introduction An unusual amount of brisk and continuous traffic of people as well as goods crisscrossing every zone of the theater was noticed at an operation theater (OT) of a cardiothoracic center. Many storage areas were filled with cartons of various sizes which are good media for fungi and bacteria. Interactions with the theater staff and a study of the stores revealed that the traffic of people and goods was interconnected, and improper stores management was the root cause of the increased traffic. The focus of this study was to identify possible reasons for unusual traffic in the OT and to arrive at solutions in an objective manner for optimizing it. Aim The aim was to assess the traffic flow in an OT with the purpose to devise and implement measures for optimal and even flow of traffic during surgery and to create an additional operating room (OR) and instrument room and to improve the overall indoor air quality (IAQ). Materials and methods Scholarly articles regarding ventilation, traffic flow, and inventory management were reviewed along with information available onsite. The method of descriptive study was adopted. Data were collected after analyzing the traffic flow charts, prestudy questionnaire, nonstructured interview results, and nonparticipant observation study. Tools for the study included: (1) Anecdotal evidence, (2) checklists, and (3) rating scales of three different groups. Compliance levels of five different categories of people in the OT were assessed. Air efficiency microbial culture studies and wound swab cultures were carried out during and postimplementation. Results The process also resulted in generation of optimal traffic of staff and goods inside the ORs and decreased air turbulence, collateral benefits, such as (1) creating space for an additional OR, (2) creating a sterile area for storage of instrument packs, (3) optimal space management by segregation of bulk stores, (4) organized inventory control and indenting, and (5) good ventilation in ORs. Changes made in administration and training program increased awareness and compliance levels among staff. No surgical site infection was reported during poststudy observation period. Conclusion The study has resulted in improvisations originally conceived, planned, and implemented by the author at the work station. This study facilitated optimizing traffic of people and goods in OT and stores and in improving IAQ. Excellent cooperation among staff, clean and pleasant ambience, peaceful work situation, laid out standard operating procedures, segregated stores, and well-designed work hours boosted the morale of the entire staff. Clinical significance One of the main sources of airborne contamination in ORs is dead skin cells called “squames,” each around 15 μm or less in diameter shed by staff and patients. A proportion of these may carry harmful bacteria. The rate of shedding increases with movement. This study focused on optimizing traffic of people and goods in the OT and thereby resulted in improving overall IAQ. How to cite this article Saraswati SV. An Evidence-based Study on Traffic Flow in Operation Theater. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):70-78.

ABSTRAKSaluang Panjang adalah salah satu kesenian tradisi yang pada dahulunya sering ditampilkan pada acara pesta perkawinan, kajo uwak lambai (pengangkatan raja), sukuran panen, hiburan anak muda dan hiburan pribadi di Nagari Luak Kapau Kecamatan Pauh Duo Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Saat ini kesenian Saluang Panjang mulai dilupakan karena masyarakat lebih tertarik menampilkan musik modern. Sebagai upaya pelestarian kesenian, Saluang Panjang ditampilkan sebagai pengiring musik tari, musik randai, hiburan pada kegiatan gotong royong dan pada acara festival Seribu Rumah Gadang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk, fungsi dan pandangan masyarakat terhadap kesenian Saluang Panjang di Nagari Luak Kapau. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi pertunjukan Saluang Panjang di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk pertunjukan Saluang Panjang memiliki tiga karekter warna bunyi yaitu, tinggi, sedang dan rendah, dari ke tiga karakter warna bunyi Saluang Panjang tersebut, seiring dengan melodi pantun yang juga memiliki tinggi, sedang dan rendah. fungsi Saluang Panjang adalah sebagai hiburan, fungsi ekspresi, fungsi penghayatan, fungsi komonikasi, fungsi kesenambungan dari norma-norma lain. Pandangan masyarakat terhadap kesenian Saluang Panjang oleh kaum adat, kaum ulama, seniman tradisi, kaum tua, kaum muda-mudi dan masyarakat pada umumnya memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap kesenian Saluang Panjang, karena dapat membangkitkan atau memelihara nilai-nilai budaya sebagai indentitas suatu daerah yang terpelihara dan dijaga keberadaannya. Kata kunci: Bentuk; Fungsi; Saluang Panjang; Luak kapau ABSTRACTSaluang Panjang is one of the traditional arts that used to be often performend at weddings, kajo uwak lambai (appointment of king), harvest celebrations, youth entertainment and personal entertainment in Nagari Luak Kapau, Pauh Duo sub-district, South Solok Regency. Currently Saluang Panjang art is starting to be forgotten because people are more interested in performing modern music. As an effort to preserve the arts, Saluang Panjang is performed as an accompaniment to dance music, randai music, entertainment at mutual cooperation activities and at the Thousand Houses Gandang festival. The purpose of this study is to describe the form, function and public viem of the Saluang Panjang art in Nagari Luak Kapau. The study used qualitative methods with data collection carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation of Saluang Panjang performances in the field. The results showed that the form of the Saluang Panjang performance has three sound color characteristics, namely, high, medium and low, from the three characters of Saluang Panjang’s sound color, along with the melody of the rhyme which also has high, medium and low. Saluang Panjang function is as entertainment, expression function, appreciation function, communication function, continuity function from other norms. The public’s view of Saluang Panjang art by indigenous peoples, scholars, traditional artists, the elderly, young people and the community in general has a positive impact on Saluang Panjang art, because it can generate or maintain cultural values as the identity of an area that maintained and maintained.Keywords: Form; Function; Saluang Panjang; Luak Kapau

Juanda Airport of Surabaya can be ragrded as a gathering point for travellers from various countries andtherefore contributes to the risk of global disease transmission. One of the transmissions may occur throughthe Aedes aegyptivector, a cause of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF); as well as the yellow fever; both mayinduce death. The 2012 Annual Report of the Port Health Office of Surabaya showed that House Index,Container Index, and Bruteau Index in the buffer area remained over 1%, whereas the technical requirementsfor airports said that the perimeter area must be totally free of life vector and the buffer area indices must beless than 1%. The purpose of the present study was to indentify and assess the implementation of vectorcontrol programs in reducing the populations of Aedes aegypti at Juanda Airport of Surabaya. This study useddescriptive methods aimed at describing the implementation of Aedes aegypti control program at Juandaairport of Surabaya. The object of the study was the perimeter and buffer areas of Juanda Airport.Results showed that, of the six variables under study, 5 (five) variables of Aedes aegypti controlimplementation did satisfy the requirements. The variable on the mapping of Aedes aegypti breeding placesmet the requirements satisfactorily. The variables on larval surveys, adult mosquito surveys, counselingactivities, larvaciding and fogging did not satisfy the requirements. In conclusion, the implementation ofAedes aegypttontrol in Juanda Airport in 2014 did satisfy the designated requirements.It is recommended that Sedati Community Health Center and the Health Office of Juanda Airport of Surabayaimprove their existing cooperation so that the buffer area, which is under the responsibility of both entities,remains the target of surveillance in order for the area to be sterile of Aedes aegypti breeding, in accordancewith the standards and requirements as stated in the Decree of the Health Minister of Republic of IndonesiaNo. 431/Menkes/SK/IV/2007.

La thèse propose une analyse socio-historique des matrices idéologiques du coopérativisme au Pays basque afin de comprendre les mécanismes générationnels affectant l'identité coopérative. La première partie présente un séquençage diachronique de quatre cycles historiques du mouvement coopératif : le coopérativisme d'avant-guerre, le coopérativisme de la nécessité, le coopérativisme du bien-être et le nouveau cycle coopératif. Tout au long de cette trajectoire, nous avons essayé d'analyser les matrices idéologiques du coopérativisme basque en nous concentrant sur la relation entre les agents sociaux, religieux, politiques et institutionnels et en tenant compte du rôle prédominant de l'Expérience Coopérative de Mondragon. Nous avons ainsi tenté de combler les lacunes académiques existantes. Dans la deuxième partie, à partir de l'analyse des nouvelles formes d'action coopérative (Egitea, « faire ») et des nouvelles appartenances identitaires (Izatea, « être »), nous avons analysé les caractéristiques du nouveau cycle historique. Ce nouveau cycle émerge de manière spécifique à chaque réalité territoriale du Pays Basque, bien qu'il partage certaines similitudes. La diversification des matrices idéologiques autour de nouveaux paradigmes (féminisme, écologisme, défense de la langue basque, euskera, ou de l'économie sociale et solidaire) en est la caractéristique principale. Cette analyse de l'identité coopérative se fonde sur la bibliographie existante à propos de la construction de l'identité moderne, en particulier chez Charles Taylor. Il s’agit alors d'essayer de préciser les éléments de construction de l’identité coopérative, compte tenu de sa dimension professionnelle et territoriale. L’enquête de terrain révèle un processus d'érosion de l'identité coopérative que nous avons qualifié de désaffection identitaire. Ce processus trouve son origine dans les transformations socio-historiques du coopérativisme et dans la mutation idéologique qui caractérisent le nouveau cycle coopératif. Nous signalons enfin les politiques de récupération identitaire qui se développent au sein du mouvement coopératif basque et, plus particulièrement, au sein du Groupe Mondragon
The thesis aims to provide a socio-historical analysis of the ideological foundations of cooperativism in the Basque Country to understand the shape of the cooperative identity. In the first part, we have diachronically sequenced the cooperative movement, dividing it into four historical cycles, among which we advocate for the emergence of a new cooperative cycle: Pre-war Cooperativism, Necessity Cooperativism, Welfare Cooperativism, and the New Cooperative Cycle. Throughout this parcours, we have sought to analyze the ideological foundations specific to each cooperative cycle, focusing on the relationship between social, religious, political, and institutional actors while considering the predominant role of the Mondragon Cooperative Experience. In doing so, we have attempted to fill a series of evident scholar gaps. In the second part, based on the analysis of new cooperative modes of action (Egitea) and new identity belongings (Izatea), we have examined the characteristics of the new historical cycle. This new cycle emerges with particularities in each territorial reality of the Basque Country. However, all the territorial perspectives share certain commonalities. The diversification of ideological foundations around new paradigms (feminism, environmentalism, the Euskera defense, or the emergence of the Social and Solidarity Economy paradigm) is the most apparent similarity. In this analysis of cooperative identity, we draw from existing literature on modern identity construction. Specifically, we analyze Charles Taylor's work, on identity construction according to professional and territorial elements. From the resulting fieldwork analysis, we also observe a process of erosion of cooperative identity. We have named this process identity disaffection. This process stems from the socio-historical transformations of cooperativism and the progressive ideological mutation characterizing the new cooperative cycle. Finally, we outline some identity recovery policies developed within Basque cooperativism and more specifically within the Mondragon Group
La tesis trata de ofrecer un análisis sociohistórico de las matrices ideológicas del cooperativismo en Euskal Herria para comprender los mecanismos de generación de la identidad cooperativa. En la primera parte, hemos secuenciado diacrónicamente el movimiento cooperativo dividiéndolo en cuatro ciclos históricos, entre los que defendemos la emergencia de un nuevo ciclo: el Cooperativismo de Anteguerra, el de la Necesidad, el del Bienestar y el Nuevo Ciclo Cooperativo. En este parcours hemos tratado de analizar cuáles han sido las matrices ideológicas propias de cada ciclo cooperativo, centrándonos en la relación entre los agentes sociales, religiosos, políticos e institucionales, y teniendo en cuenta el papel preponderante de la Experiencia Cooperativa de Mondragon. A su vez, hemos tratado de colmar una serie de evidentes lagunas académicas. En la segunda parte, a partir del análisis de las nuevas formas de actuación cooperativas (Egitea) y de las nuevas pertenencias identitarias (Izatea), hemos analizado las características del nuevo ciclo histórico. Este nuevo ciclo emerge de forma particular en cada realidad territorial de Euskal Herria, empero con ciertas similitudes comunes. La diversificación de las matrices ideológicas en torno a nuevos paradigmas (el feminismo, el ecologismo, la defensa del euskera o la Economía Social y Solidaria) es la más aparente similitud. En este análisis de la identidad cooperativa partimos de la bibliografía existente sobre la construcción de la identidad moderna y, concretamente, de la obra de Charles Taylor. Con ello tratamos de establecer cuáles han sido los elementos de construcción de la misma, considerando su dimensión profesional y territorial. Del análisis resultante del trabajo de campo, se observa un proceso de erosión de la identidad cooperativa que hemos bautizado como desafección identitaria. Este proceso tiene su origen en las transformaciones sociohistóricas del cooperativismo y en la progresiva mutación ideológica que caracterizan al nuevo ciclo cooperativo. Finalmente, apuntamos algunas políticas de recuperación de la identidad que se desarrollan en el cooperativismo vasco y más específicamente, en el seno del Grupo Mondragon
Tesiak Euskal Herriko kooperatibismoaren matrize ideologikoen azterketa soziohistorikoa eskaini nahi du, identitate kooperatiboa sortzeko mekanismoak ulertzeko. Lehenengo zatian, mugimendu kooperatiboa diakronikoki sekuentziatu dugu, lau ziklo historikotan banatuz. Ziklo horien artean, ziklo kooperatibo berri bat dago: Gerra aurreko kooperatibismoa, Beharraren kooperatibismoa, Ongizatearen kooperatibismoa eta Ziklo Kooperatibo berria. Parcours honetan ziklo kooperatibo bakoitzaren berezko matrize ideologikoak zein izan diren aztertzen saiatu gara, eragile sozial, erlijioso, politiko eta instituzionalen arteko harremanean zentratuz eta Arrasateko Esperientzia Kooperatiboaren paper nagusia kontuan hartuz. Horrela, hutsune akademiko nabarmenak betetzen saiatu gara. Bigarren zatian, kooperatiben jarduera-modu berrien azterketatik (Egitea) eta identitate-ezaugarri berrien azterketatik (Izatea) abiatuta, ziklo historiko berriaren ezaugarriak aztertu ditugu. Ziklo berri hau Euskal Herriko lurralde bakoitzean azaleratzen da bereziki, baina antzekotasun komun batzuekin. Paradigma berrien inguruko matrize ideologikoen dibertsifikazioa (feminismoa, ekologismoa, euskararen defentsa edo Ekonomia soziala eta solidarioa) da antzekotasunik nabarmenena. Identitate kooperatiboaren azterketa honetan identitate modernoaren eraikuntzari buruz dagoen bibliografiatik abiatzen gara, eta, zehazki, Taylorren obratik. Hori guztia haren eraikuntza-elementuak zein izan diren ezartzen saiatzeko, haren dimentsio profesionala eta lurralde-dimentsioa kontuan hartuta. Landa-lanetik ateratako azterketatik ikusten denez, nortasun kooperatiboa higatu egin da, eta identitatearen desafekzioa izena jarri diogu. Prozesu horren jatorria kooperatibismoaren eraldaketa soziohistorikoetan eta ziklo kooperatibo berriaren ezaugarri diren mutazio ideologiko progresiboan dago. Azkenik, euskal kooperatibismoan eta, zehazkiago, Mondragon Taldearen baitan identitatea berreskuratzeko garatzen diren politika batzuk aipatuko ditugu