Статті в журналах: "Cooling system for a traction motor"

1

Yıldırım, Doğan, Mehmet Hakan Akşit, Işık Çadırcı, and Muammer Ermiş. "All-SiC Traction Converter for Light Rail Transportation Systems: Design Methodology and Development of 165 kVA Prototype." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091438.

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The design and development of a high-performance 165 kVA, 750 V DC all-silicon carbide (SiC) traction converter for new generation light rail transportation systems (LRTSs) are described. In the design of the traction motor drive, the efficiency of the overall system is maximized and the line current harmonic content of the traction motor is minimized. A complete mathematical model of the physical system is derived to carry out real-time simulations and proper control of the LRTS on a real rail track. The electrical and thermal performances of traction-type SiC power MOSFET modules are compared with those of alternative hybrid and Si-IGBT modules for various switching frequencies. The implementation of the developed system is also described. The performance of the resulting system is verified experimentally on a full-scale physical simulator as well as for various track conditions. Very promising results for the next generation railway traction motor drives have been obtained in terms of performance criteria, such as very high efficiency, low harmonic distortion of the motor line current, low cooling requirement, relatively high switching frequency, and hence, superior controller performance. The effects of the SiC power MOSFET operation on the insulation of the available traction motors are also examined experimentally. This paper is accompanied by a video demonstrating the experimental work.

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2

Pugachev, Alexander, and Galina Fedyaeva. "Definition of the Transfer Function Parameters of Asynchronous Motor as an Object of Temperature Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.124.

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The analysis and systematization of research methods of thermal state of induction motors including traction ones is done. It is shown that for each type of motor it is necessary to develop its own mathematical model of thermal processes, and its verification should be carried out only on the basis of experimental investigations. The structure and operating principles of the complex developed physical model of the traction electric drive with induction motors is represented. The motors have a cooling system with variable-speed electric fan and subsystem of measurement and recording of monitored parameters. The method and the results of experimental study of the processes of heating and cooling of the induction motor are illustrated. Transfer functions and approximation curves of transients are proposed, their parameters are defined.

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3

Dragomirov, M. S., S. A. Zhuravlyov, and A. M. Zaitsev. "Analysis of cooling systems efficiency of traction induction motors and motor-generators." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2016.1.039-043.

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4

Kosmodamianskiy, Andrey, Alexander Pugachev, and Nikolay Strekalov. "Control system of temperature of locomotives traction frequency converters." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100061.

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The features of the control systems of temperature of the traction frequency converters consisted of rectifier, capacitor and voltage source inverter for traction rolling stock are discussed. The induction motor is considered as a load for traction frequency converter. The dependence of the number of thermal cycles from semiconductor junction temperature fluctuations before the failure of the semiconductor device are shown. The topology and operation principle of automatic temperature control system of voltage source inverter semiconductor devices of traction frequency converter are developed and described. The system is based on air forced cooling with the use of fan or blower as an executive regulation device. The main feature of the proposed system is the additional reference of switching frequency that allows to reduce the semiconductor temperature fluctuations. The elements of switching frequency control loop are chosen and evaluated, the recommendations on practical implementations are given. Simulation of automatic temperature control system in Matlab with both references of semiconductor junction temperature and its fluctuation was carried out with all essential nonlinearities of induction motors and semiconductor devices taken into account. Results of simulation are included and discussed.

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5

Бондаренко, Денис, and Denis Bondarenko. "Complete systems for study of automatic cooling systems and asynchronous traction motors." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22852.

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Анотація:

A comprehensive system for the study of automatic temperature control system, which allows reducing the level of alternating thermomechanical loads on the windings of asynchronous trac-tion motor, increasing their reliability and durability.

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6

Пугачев, Александр, Aleksandr Pugachev, Денис Бондаренко, and Denis Bondarenko. "Results of the experimental investigationof thermal processes in induction motor." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23012.

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The adequacy of researches of characteristics of the traction electric drives with an induction motors by means of scaled physical models is proved by application of two induction motors, 380 and 14 kW. The system of data acquisition and sensors applied to it is described. The technique and results of experimental investigation of thermal processes of heating and cooling in the 14 kW induction motor fed by frequency converter with scalar control and IR-compensation under the low values of the stator current frequency and rotor speed are presented. The rotor bars of the induction motor are determined to be most stressed by overheating under the stator current frequency closed to null, the stator winding becomes the most overheated unit of the induction motor under higher values of the stator current frequency.

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7

Gundabattini, Edison, Arkadiusz Mystkowski, Adam Idzkowski, Raja Singh R., and Darius Gnanaraj Solomon. "Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051472.

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This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as investigating the electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials and performances. Particularly, the electromagnetic and electric performances, machine sizing, together with the structural design, are given. In addition, the work addresses the motor’s material design and properties along with its insulation performance, which is the main goal of optimization. Mainly, thermal mapping with analysis is provided according to the different cooling methods, including air-cooling, water-cooling, oil-cooling, heat-pipe-cooling, potting silicon gelatin cooling, and as well as cooling strategies for tubes and microchannels. The most common special features and demands of the PMSMs are described in the appearance of the motor’s failures caused by uncontrolled temperature rise. In addition, heat sources and energy losses, including copper loss, core loss versus motor speed, and output power, are analyzed. The review of the proposed cooling methods that will achieve the required heat transfer of the PMSM is presented with numerical simulations and measurements data. A review of numerical methods and results, including the finite element methods (FEM), such as the Ansys CFD software, to obtain a high-accuracy thermal mapping model of the PMSM system is given. The revived methods and design requirements due to PMSM temperature profile and cooling flow at different rotor speeds and torque loads are investigated. Finally, the motor design recommendations, including the newly developed cooling solutions, which enable it to effectively redistribute the temperature and heat transfer, increasing the efficiency of the PMSM machine, are laid out.

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8

Пугачев, Александр, Aleksandr Pugachev, Владимир Воробьев, Vladimir Vorobev, Николай Стрекалов, and Nikolay Strekalov. "TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES OF TRACTION CONVERTER." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2017, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24914.

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Анотація:

The functional and structural circuits of an au-tomatic system for temperature control of power devices of a traction semiconductor converter of frequency are developed. The peculiarities of power devices as an object of temperature control are considered, an equivalent circuit of thermal processes substitution in semiconductor keys is offered, a comparative assessment of capacity of power loss in two- and three-level inverters of voltage is carried out. The dynamic properties of an electro-drive of a cooling fan with an asynchronous motor with a system of scalar control are analyzed. The recommendations on choice and computation of temperature control are developed.

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9

Biliński, Janusz. "The latest generation drive for electric buses powered by SiC technology for high energy efficiency." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818002012.

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High energy efficiency and increasing the working frequency of the converter will make it possible to minimize the size of the cooling system and reduce energy consumption. The use of the SiC technology in propulsion drives increases the efficiency of the converter by 1÷1.5%. Simultaneously, higher working frequency reduces losses in the traction motor, significantly lowering the cost of the energy consumed by the vehicle. Auxiliary converters using the SiC technology are a new quality. The reduction of weight and size is very significant (ca. 40÷50%). Higher switching frequency reduces the size of magnetic components (ca. 80%), and higher converter efficiency minimizes the size of the cooling system. The overall efficiency of the converter is extremely high (94÷96%). This paper presents comparison of Si and SiC parameters which are important for modern EV solutions. Paper presents also parameters of SiC traction inverter and auxiliary converter, designed and manufactured as state-of-the-art product for modern electric bus.

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10

А. Aleksahin, A., A. V Panchu, L. A. Parkhomenko, and H. V. Bilovol. "Heat Transfer in the Ducts of the Cooling Systems of Traction Motors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19824.

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Requirements for increasing thermal efficiency heat exchangers, which lead to energy saving, material and reduction cost, and as a result of reducing the impact on the environment, led to the development and use of various methods of increasing heat transfer. These methods are called intensification of heat transfer processes. Intensification of heat and mass transfer processes is of great importance for making progress in improving the existing and creation of new energy and heat-exchange equipment. Among the ways of intensifying heat transfer, the swirling of flows of working media is one of the simplest and most common methods and is widely used in energy-intensive channels of nuclear power plants, heat exchangers, aeronautical and rocket and space equipment, chemical industry and other technical devices. We have proposed formulas to determine the cooling air velocity necessary to ensure the required temperature condition of the traction motor assemblies. Decrease in the power of fans in the cooling system using the artificial heat transfer intensification in the ducts was estimated based on the generalization of the results of calculations.

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11

Lindh, Pia, Ilya Petrov, Juha Pyrhonen, Eero Scherman, Markku Niemela, and Paula Immonen. "Direct Liquid Cooling Method Verified With a Permanent-Magnet Traction Motor in a Bus." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 4183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2908801.

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12

Morya, Ajay Kumar, and Hamid A. Toliyat. "Quantitative Reliability Evaluation of Silicon Carbide-Based Inverters for Multiphase Electric Drives for Electric Vehicles." Power Electronics and Drives 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2022-0003.

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Abstract Reliability of power converter in the electric drivetrain of a vehicle can be a criterion for the comparison of various converter topologies, cooling system designs and control strategies. Therefore, reliability prediction is important for the design and control of vehicles. This paper presents an approach for quantitative evaluation of the reliability of converters for multiphase motor drives for electric vehicles (EVs) after considering the driving cycle. This paper provides a good background of reliability quantification so that it is easy to extend the presented approach to other applications. The models of subsystems have been selected to have excellent computational efficiency with good accuracy which is necessary for simulating long driving cycles. A simple vehicle model is used to obtain the traction motor torque demand for various points of the driving cycle. A multiphase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor has been used for traction motor. The operating voltage and currents of the motor are found using maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control of IPMSM. The analytical loss calculation has been used to find the losses of switching devices of the converter. A thermal model of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET has been used to calculate junction temperature from the losses. The model developed here gives the failure rate and mean time between failures (MTBF) of switching devices of the inverter, which can be used to determine the failure rate. The model has been used to find the transition probabilities of a Markov model which can be used to quantify the reliability of converters of multiphase electric drives.

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13

Gai, Yaohui, Mohammad Kimiabeigi, Yew Chuan Chong, James D. Widmer, James Goss, Unai SanAndres, Andy Steven, and Dave A. Staton. "On the Measurement and Modeling of the Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Hollow-Shaft Rotary Cooling System for a Traction Motor." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 6 (November 2018): 5978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2860558.

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14

CRĂCIUNESCU, Aurelian. "CURRENT CONCERNS REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH POWER DENSITY ELECTRICAL MACHINES FOR ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS." ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS) 2021, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2021.1.16.

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"Applications such as electrification of transmission systems require electric machines with high power density values. Such electric cars offer beneficial volumes and weights that are desired in transportation systems that include electric cars, electrified planes, and other types of electric vehicles. In October 2017, the US DRIVE groupThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a large automobile and power company, has published a paper entitled “Roadmap for Research and Innovation in Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Efficiency vehicles and energy sustainability ”. This paper outlines the performance values that electric traction motors must have in 2025 to accelerate the development of innovative and pre-competitive technologies to achieve a wide range of clean and efficient vehicles as well as related energy infrastructure. Thus, for electric traction motors with powers of 100 kW, used in the drive systems of single-electric vehicles, which is used in both engine and generator mode, for their power density is expected to increase from the value of 5.7 kW / L achieved in 2020 to the value of 50 kW / L to be achieved in 2025, which means a volume reduction of 89%. This reduction in volume must be accompanied by a reduction in the cost of these engines, from $ 4.7 / kW in 2020 to $ 3.3 / kW in 2025, ie a cost reduction of 30%. One of the factors that limits the power density of electric cars is the cooling system. In the absence of adequate cooling systems, the energy losses that occur in electric cars can cause damage to the insulation system, short circuits between the windings of the windings, demagnetization of the permanent magnets and, finally, damage to the drive system. As a result, the analysis of ways to reduce energy losses in electric cars and the identification of efficient cooling systems are essential concerns for the realization of electric cars with high values of power density. In this paper, a presentation is made of the results of recently published research on finding constructive solutions for the realization of electric machines with very low energy losses as well as solutions for the realization of high-efficiency cooling systems, solutions that allows the performance of performance indicators for electric cars, on power density and cost, expected by the US Drive group for 2025."

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15

Jang, Hyungkwan, Hyunwoo Kim, Dong-Woo Nam, Won-Ho Kim, Ju Lee, and Changsung Jin. "Investigation and Analysis of Novel Skewing in a 140 kW Traction Motor of Railway Cars That Accommodate Limited Inverter Switching Frequency and Totally Enclosed Cooling System." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 121405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3109267.

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16

Dmitrievskii, Vladimir, Vladimir Prakht, Vadim Kazakbaev, and Alecksey Anuchin. "Comparison of Interior Permanent Magnet and Synchronous Homopolar Motors for a Mining Dump Truck Traction Drive Operated in Wide Constant Power Speed Range." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091581.

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Synchronous homopolar motors (SHMs) with an excitation winding located at the stator and a toothed salient pole rotor are a good alternative to motors traditionally used in traction applications such as induction motors or interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). This study presents the results of a theoretical comparison between an IPMSM and an SHM in a traction application with a constant power speed range of 1:10, which is specific to the mining truck drives, and with a rated power of 370 kW. The considered IPMSM and SHM have the same number of phases, poles and stator slots, and the same outer diameter of the stator lamination. The IPMSM design is optimized using the Nelder–Mead method. The main objectives of optimization are to minimize the average losses in the operating cycle and to limit the required power of the semiconductor inverter. The performance of the optimized IPMSM is compared with the previously obtained performance of the SHM optimized by the same method. Although the average losses in the operating cycle in the compared motors are approximately equal, the losses at high speed for the IPMSM are about two times greater than at low speed with maximum torque, which means that there is a need to intensify the IPMSM cooling system and there is deterioration of reliability. The advantage of the IPMSM is the reduction in the length of the active part by 30%. The advantage of the SHM is that there is 4.6 times lower cost of active materials. In addition, the SHM is more reliable than the IPMSM, as there is no risk of overheating, demagnetization or degradation of permanent magnets over time.

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17

Kulikov, Ilya, Kirill Karpukhin, and Rinat Kurmaev. "X-in-the-Loop Testing of a Thermal Management System Intended for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236452.

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The article describes an elaboration of the X-in-the-loop (XiL) testing environment for a thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor. The TMS features the individual thermal regulation of each electric drive using a hydraulic layout with parallel pipelines and electrohydraulic pumps embedded into them. The XiL system is intended as a tool for studying and developing the TMS design and controls. It consists of the virtual part and the physical part. The former simulates the vehicle operating in a driving cycle with the heat power dissipated by the electric drive components, which entails the change in their temperature regimes. The physical part includes the TMS itself consisting of a radiator, pipelines, and pumps. The physical part also features devices intended for simulation of the electric drive components in terms of their thermal and hydraulic behaviors, as well as devices that simulate airflow induced by the vehicle motion. Bilateral, real-time interactions are established between the two said parts combining them into a cohesive system, which models the studied electric vehicle and its components. The article gives a description of a laboratory setup, which implements the XiL environment including the mathematical models, hardware devices, as well as the control loops that establish the interaction of those components. An example of using this system in a driving cycle test shows the interaction between its parts and operation of the TMS in conditions simulated in both virtual and physical domains. The results constitute calculated and measured quantities including vehicle speed, operating parameters of the electric drives, coolant and air flow rates, and temperatures of the system components.

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18

Gai, Yaohui, Mohammad Kimiabeigi, Yew Chuan Chong, James D. Widmer, Xu Deng, Mircea Popescu, James Goss, Dave A. Staton, and Andrew Steven. "Cooling of Automotive Traction Motors: Schemes, Examples, and Computation Methods." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 3 (March 2019): 1681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2835397.

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19

Gronwald, Peer-Ole, and Thorsten Alexander Kern. "Experimental Validation and Parameter Study of a 2D Geometry-Based, Flexible Designed Thermal Motor Model for Different Cooled Traction Motor Drives." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020076.

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Анотація:

For identifying new improvement potentials for electric traction motors, accurate models are needed. In this paper, a geometry-based 2D lumped parameter thermal network model for different electric traction motor and cooling concepts is studied and validated. In the second section, the design and functionality of the thermal model is explained. In the third section, the best fit of the literature correlations for describing the different heat transfer mechanisms was identified and a parameter study of the heat transfer coefficients was carried out and discussed. In the last section, the model is validated with measurement results from six different electric traction motors and drives units. For validation measurement results of stationary operating points, peak operating points and drive cycles are used. Based on the validation results, a model error of less than 10% is achieved for the most motor components in the different cooling concepts and traction motor designs. Inaccuracies and deviations are discussed and suggestions for improvement are made.

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20

Et.al, Ho-Joon Lee. "A Study on The Fully Enclosed Housing Of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 10, 2021): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2071.

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Approximately 2.5 billion won can be saved every year by replacing existing induction motors, which are traction motors for urban railway vehicles, with permanent magnet motors. This paper presents a study on the structural design of a completely enclosed motor to commercialize an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for the traction of urban railway vehicles. The proposed solution provides protection from an inflow of dust and magnetic powder into the rotor that can deteriorate the motor performance and cause burnout. In addition, unless it is a water-cooled or oil-cooled structure, cooling of an electric motor used in medium and large-sized equipment is not easily accomplished. However, completely enclosed motors are vulnerable to overheating; therefore, research into housing design is required to provide cooling. Additionally, the permissible current density through the stator winding must be considered in the design to prevent the occurrence of thermal demagnetization of permanent magnets. Furthermore, IPMSMs require a separate driver for operation and speed controls for a wide range of operating conditions such as rail traction. Thus, a study has been conducted on IPMSMs and other related driver and control technologies, and their suitability has been validated through performance tests.

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21

Proshutinsky, Roman, and Oleg Kolodkin. "Computer aided design of electromechanical transducer of gated traction motor by using modern software." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2016-1-72-79.

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Objective: To develop a system of computer aided design for electrical traction drive complex, as a component of CAD for electric rolling stock. Modern approach for electrical traction drive complex design means the development of assembly of interconnected systems, such as electrical traction motor, transducer, control system, etc. The most striking instance of such an assembly is gated traction motor, that is somehow in-between electric machines and electric drives. It is usefull to start the developing of CAD gated traction motor by developing the CAD system for electromechanical transducer of gated traction motor. Methods: In the base of CAD system under development there is a technology of design of electromechanical transducer of gated traction motor. At the stage of electromechanical transducer magnetic circuit calculation the software for simulation of magnetic fields by finite elements method was used. Results: The paper suggests the structure diagram of CAD system for electromechanical transducer of gated traction motor. Calculating software language is Octave. The paper provides the results of magnetic field calculations for electromechanical transducer of gated traction motor FEMM software for finite-element simulation. Based on the results of magnetic field calculations the curve of electromechanical transducer energizing is plot. Also the practicability of FEMM software implementation at the design stage of magnetic circuit is confirmed. Practical importance: Obtained results are useful for creation of educational and research system for CAD for electric traction drive complex. Development of CAD system for gated traction motor will allow to master methods and approaches of design for electric machines and semiconductor complexes of electric traction drives in general.

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22

Zong, Jian, Ping Qian, and Xue Feng Ding. "Study of Electrical Traction Locomotive Control System Based on Feed-Forward Decoupling Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1935.

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Анотація:

An asynchronous motor is widely used in traction locomotive system now, AC induction motor is nonlinear, strongly coupled and multivariable system, so it is very difficult to control as a linear system. For this, VVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) control method adopt in some running traction locomotives, that can reduce over-current with load starting and should be compensated at low frequency. Based on study the Control strategies of locomotives, vector control adopt in most electrical traction locomotive. According to the drawing performance requirements of electrical traction motor, feed-forward decoupling method adopted. Simulation and experiment proved this method can meet the traction locomotive control requirements.

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23

Ovsyannikov, E. M., B. A. Ivobotenko, V. M. Yurkevich, and E. M. Koshelyev. "Direct torque control of asynchronous traction motor." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-1 (January 20, 2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68300.

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Анотація:

This paper proposes a new system of direct torque control of asynchronous traction motor with space vector modulation of voltage supply. The results of the simulation of traction asynchronous traction motor show advantages of the developed control system: simplicity of implementation, high dynamic performance and small fluctuations of the electromagnetic torque.

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24

Ishikawa, Sakae, and Masakatsu Toyoshima. "Traction motor system for high speed rolling stock." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 107, no. 3 (1987): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.107.320.

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25

Xiaolong, HE, LUO Tianhong, WANG Shengxue, WU Guoguo, TANG Bangbei, and WANG Qunsheng. "Suspension Parameters Selection of Traction Motor Cooling Fan for High Speed Train." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 56, no. 4 (2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2020.04.201.

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26

Zong, Jian, Yi Ruan, Ming Hui Chen, and Li Bo Xu. "Study on Narrow-Gauge Traction Locomotive Control System." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2074.

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Анотація:

Most narrow-gauge vehicles driven by DC motor now, as DC drive due to power constraints and high maintenance costs, most of them will gradually be replaced by AC drives. But VVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) control method adopt in some running narrow-track traction locomotives, that can reduce over-current with load starting and should be compensated at low frequency. Based on study the Control strategies of narrow-track locomotives, comparing with the characteristics of power distribution of dual-motor drive system. The motor ought to have the same mechanical feature in dual-motor drive system, vector control strategy select in the control system. Experiments prove the system has good performance of stability, reliability, and good control performance, which can meet the narrow-track traction locomotive control requirements.

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27

Pugachev, Alexander. "Induction Motor Traction Drive with Slipping Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.101.

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Анотація:

The advantages and shortcomings of three-level voltage source inverters to be applied on locomotive traction electric drives are highlighted in relation to two-level ones. To protect wheels from slipping on rails, the control system is designed. The control system with protection from slipping uses system of direct torque control as the subordinated contour to produce control signals on voltage source inverter. The topology and principles of operation of both protections from slipping and direct torque control of traction induction motor with three-level voltage source inverters are described. The simplified structure of mechanical part of traction drive using basic and axle suspension is considered. The adequacy of designed control system is confirmed by means of Matlab, the results of mathematical modeling show a high convergence with the results of physical model of traction drive.

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28

Sekara, Nagamani Chandra, Somanatham R, and Chaitanya Kumar U. "Design and Analysis of Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electric Traction in India." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 5, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v5.i3.pp374-382.

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The use of Squirrel Cage for Traction has revolutionised the motive power of a Locomotive. The Asynchronous Motor is rugged with high starting Torque, has a very smooth Voltage and Speed control as compared to a DC Series Motor. When looking at the Traction perspective, a Slip Ring Induction Motor can be an alternative to the Squirrel Cage Motor as it has higher starting Torque and better efficiency than a Squirrel Cage Motor. the Slip Power Recovery scheme also plays a proactive role as ther can be substantial savings of energy in case of a Slip Ring Induction Motor. A detailed design and analysis of a Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electric Traction is presented in this Research Paper

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29

Uyulan, Çağlar, and Metin Gokasan. "Modeling, simulation and re-adhesion control of an induction motor–based railway electric traction system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651817732487.

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Increasing the traction force is a complex problem in the design of railway vehicles; therefore, effective traction systems and algorithms have to be developed. During the traction process, the verification of traction algorithms and control strategies are based on simulations covering all locomotive dynamics. In this article, traction model of a railway vehicle and re-adhesion control method based on simulation approach are investigated to obtain more effective results. The longitudinal dynamic of a railway vehicle having traction system, which comprises two parallel motor groups, each of which has two field-oriented induction motor connected in series, is simulated to examine time-dependent changes in motor stator currents, traction torque, adhesion and resistance forces according to a given speed reference. The interaction between the adhesion force and the slip ratio is established according to the Burckhardt adhesion model, and a modified super-twisting sliding mode slip control is implemented in a computer simulation under various contact conditions so that simulation results approve the presented control method works under the maximum adhesion force. The comparison between the classical and modified version of the proposed control strategy was made to better evaluate the performance of the control system and to better optimize the traction system.

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HIBINO, Sumiko, Kazuo NAKAMURA, and Tetsuya HOSOYA. "Proposal for Grease Replacement System for Traction Motor Bearings." Quarterly Report of RTRI 53, no. 3 (2012): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.53.148.

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Demir, Uğur, and Zeliha Kamış Kocabıçak. "Performance assessments of the material for the traction motor cores of an electric racing kart." Materials Testing 63, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0085.

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Abstract This paper presents the performance assessments for the traction motor of an electric racing kart, considering the different core materials. Firstly, the appropriate traction motor type is determined as a brushless direct current motor (BLDC) due to the superior features such as torque, efficiency, cooling performance and reliability. Thereafter the BLDC traction motor is optimized in Ansys RMXprt by using Taguchi’s design of experiment (DoE) method in order to meet the vehicle requirements. The BH curves are created for steel sheet (M19_24G), amorphous (2605SA1) and soft magnetic composite (SMC) (Somaloy 1000 3P) in Ansys Maxwell Environment, which are widely used as core materials in the literature. Then, the motor models are analyzed by the finite element method in Ansys Maxwell, and the core materials that can meet the minimum requirements in terms of magnetic flux density and saturation are verified. Finally, the dynamic vehicle model is set up in Ansys Simplorer in order to evaluate the motor performances. For that purpose, a reference speed profile is created by using the measured speed from the Gothenburg carting ring, and the battery consumption characteristic and reference speed tracking performance of the motor models with different cores are evaluated in the driving cycle.

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Solomin, Andrey V. "Combination Traction and Lateral Stabilisation System for Magnetic Levitation Transport." Transportation systems and technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201734107-126.

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The problems of improvement of modern types of transport and creation of new ones are important and topical for the human society development. One of the most promising and environmentally-friendly modes of transport is the high-speed maglev transport, moving at speeds of approximately 500 km/h. Objective. Justification of linear induction motor, development and research of various constructions of this type of motors. Methods. Description of linear induction motor with longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux for combined traction and lateral stabilisation system of maglev transport, having increased lateral stabilisation forces. The mathematical modelling of magnetomotive force (MF) in the air gap of traction linear motor of this type has been conducted. To analyse the MF the assumption has been made about even distribution of magnetic induction in the air gap in transverse direction and its sinusoidal longitudinal direction, making it possible to develop new mathematical model of MF distribution in the air gap of linear induction motor with longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux Results. The developed mathematical model for calculation of MF on traction linear machine will enable increasing accuracy of traction and lateral stabilisation combined system forces for maglev transport. The same relates to mutual location of inductor to the secondary element. All this proves the successful ten-year commercial operation experience of magnetically suspended train carrying passengers from an airport to Shanghai, P.R. China. The values of traction and lateral stabilisation forces of linear induction motor with longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux is greatly influenced by the character of current distribution in the secondary element. The character itself is influenced by MF distribution in the air gap.

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PROKHOR, Denis I. "Results of performance tests of an experimental class H insulation system for locomotive traction motors and its monitoring using the mobile diagnostics means." BULLETIN OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RESULTS 2021, no. 4 (December 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2021-4-35-46.

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Objective: To perform traction electric motor performance tests with an experimental class H heat resistance insulation system. Methods: An experimental set of traction electric motors was manufactured at the Voronezh Diesel Locomotive Repair Plant to be compared with a motor of class F insulation. Results: The performance indicators of controlled locomotives have been summarized. Explanations and definition of additional insulation parameters and an example of their use in case of traction electric motor failure due to damage to controlled locomotives have been given. Practical importance: The proposed methodology for predictive diagnostics of traction electric motors performance can be used in service locomotive depots.

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34

Wu, Xiao Yu, Zhe Ming Chen, and Ze Hao Huang. "Analysis and Calculation of Electromagnetic Torque for the Voltage Source Traction Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.672.

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The traction motor installed on the high-speed train is powered by inverter. A large number of harmonics may appear when motor is operating. Then the motor speed generate oscillation and finally the dynamic characteristic is affected in vehicle system. In this paper, relied on the electromagnetism of traction motor, the mechanism about emerging harmonic torque is analyzed. In addition, based on the equivalent circuit, the method of calculating the parameters in harmonic circuit is proposed. Two mathematical formulas are also proposed to obtain the fundamental electromagnetic torque and the harmonic electromagnetic torque on traction motor. The time domain and frequency domain distributions of the torques are gained and analyzed. Finally a calculation example of traction motor harmonic torque was analyzed and calculated, and prepared for further study of harmonic torque impacting on vehicle system dynamic performance.

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35

KONDO, Keiichiro. "Application of Speed-sensor-less Induction Motor Control for Traction Motor Control System." Quarterly Report of RTRI 44, no. 1 (2003): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.44.22.

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36

Kim, Woong-Ki, Fabian Steger, Bhavya Kotak, Peter Knudsen, Uwe Girgsdies, and Hans-Georg Schweiger. "Water Condensation in Traction Battery Systems." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061171.

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Lithium-ion traction battery systems of hybrid and electric vehicles must have a high level of durability and reliability like all other components and systems of a vehicle. Battery systems get heated while in the application. To ensure the desired life span and performance, most systems are equipped with a cooling system. The changing environmental condition in daily use may cause water condensation in the housing of the battery system. In this study, three system designs were investigated, to compare different solutions to deal with pressure differences and condensation: (1) a sealed battery system, (2) an open system and (3) a battery system equipped with a pressure compensation element (PCE). These three designs were tested under two conditions: (a) in normal operation and (b) in a maximum humidity scenario. The amount of the condensation in the housing was determined through a change in relative humidity of air inside the housing. Through PCE and available spacing of the housing, moisture entered into the housing during the cooling process. While applying the test scenarios, the gradient-based drift of the moisture into the housing contributed maximum towards the condensation. Condensation occurred on the internal surface for all the three design variants.

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37

Baek, Seung-Yun, Seung-Min Baek, Hyeon-Ho Jeon, Wan-Soo Kim, Yeon-Soo Kim, Tae-Yong Sim, Kyu-Hong Choi, Soon-Jung Hong, Hyunggun Kim, and Yong-Joo Kim. "Traction Performance Evaluation of the Electric All-Wheel-Drive Tractor." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030785.

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This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate the traction performance of an electric all-wheel-drive (AWD) tractor based on the power transmission and electric systems. The power transmission system includes the electric motor, helical gear reducer, planetary gear reducer, and tires. The electric system consists of a battery pack and charging system. An engine-generator and charger are installed to supply electric energy in emergency situations. The load measurement system consists of analog (current) and digital (battery voltage and rotational speed of the electric motor) components using a controller area network (CAN) bus. A traction test of the electric AWD tractor was performed towing a test vehicle. The output torques of the tractor motors during the traction test were calculated using the current and torque curves provided by the motor manufacturer. The agricultural work performance is verified by comparing the torque and rpm (T–N) curve of the motor with the reduction ratio applied. The traction is calculated using torque and specifications of the wheel, and traction performance is evaluated using tractive efficiency (TE) and dynamic ratio (DR). The results suggest a direction for the improvement of the electric drive system in agricultural research by comparison with the conventional tractor through the analysis of the agricultural performance and traction performance of the electric AWD tractor.

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38

Yang, Ye Song, Guang Sheng Ren, and Xiao Qing Yin. "Measurement and Control System for Traction Motor Based on OPC Technology." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.208.

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The paper analyzes the working principle and the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous access and asynchronous access in OPC standard. Take the traction motor performance test and control system as example. It used Visual Basic development OPC client and used PC Access as an OPC Server. The performance test bed for traction motor realize the measurement and control system efficient, stable and reliable operation. According to the characteristics of different parameters, the system chooses the methods of Subscription and Synchronous Write which used the advantages of synchronous access and asynchronous access.

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Rossi, Claudio, Davide Pontara, Marco Bertoldi, and Domenico Casadei. "Two-motor, Two-axle Traction System for Full Electric Vehicle." World Electric Vehicle Journal 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj8010025.

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Nefedov, Roman, and Elena Loginova. "Investigation of wear of insulation of traction engines of locomotives in operation." ITM Web of Conferences 18 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181801006.

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The article analyzes reliability of traction electric motors in operation. It is shown that the greatest number of failure falls on the winding of the armature. Investigation of the causes of increased wear of the armature winding insulation was carried out using the dynamic thermal model of the electric motor. The model is represented by 150 final elements and takes into account the conditions of thermal conductivity between the nodes and heat transfer to the cooling air. Verification of the model was carried out by comparison with the results of thermal tests of electric motors of the series HБ-406 and ЭД-118. The field of temperatures in the traction motor under various loads was investigated. It is shown that in stationary mode the temperature change along the armature winding can reach 60C. Modeling of thermal dynamic processes in the engine during its operation on the locomotive allowed to identify the most stressed nodes. It is shown that the resource of the electric motor is determined by the wear of the insulation of the frontal part of the armature winding on the side of the traction drive of the locomotive.

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41

Gubarev, Pavel, Ivan Bol'shih, and Temur Talahadze. "METHODS OF STUDYING THE THERMAL CONDITIONS OF LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION MOTORS DURING TESTS AFTER FACTORY REPAIRS." Transport engineering 2022, no. 01-02 (February 21, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2022-01-02-69-75.

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This work objective is to study the thermal conditions of traction electric motors (TEM) of an electric locomotive after factory repairs. Comparison of theoretical and practical methods for defining the temperature of the armature copper of a traction motor after factory repairs. Thermal modes of TEM operation were defined theoretically, using methods of mathematical modelling, and experimentally by the method of IR diagnostics. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the confirmation of the possibility of using mathematical modelling methods when testing traction motors after repairs. The temperature of the armature copper theoretically (by calculation), taking into account the cooling air, was 105 °C, and in practice, when testing traction motors hourly, the temperature was 101 °C. The error between the theoretical and practical methods of diagnosing is less than 4%, which indicates the relevance and possibility of using this method of thermal control during further tests of traction motors.

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42

Dolgova, Anna Vladimirovna, and Pavel Konstantinovich Shkodun. "The use of fuzzy logic apparatus in development of expert systems for diagnosing traction electric motors of rolling stock." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-65-69.

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The paper discusses the development of an expert system for diagnosing electric traction motors of rolling stock. The diagnostic parameters of the electric traction motor commutator-and-brush assembly, being the input linguistic variables of the fuzzy model, were selected with the use of graphoanalytic model. A fuzzy mathematical model and a fuzzy neural network for comprehensive indicator of quality of mechanical machining implementing the Takagi — Sugeno fuzzy inference algorithm were developed. The authors confirmed the practicability and the adequacy of the previously proposed comprehensive indicator of quality of mechanical machining for assessing the technical condition of the electric traction motor commutator-and-brush assembly. The studies carried out allowed creating an element of intelligent expert diagnostics system that enables a comprehensive assessment of technical condition of electric traction motor.

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43

Zhang, Jian Hui, and Ying Ying Xu. "Design of Detection System of Traction Motor Commutator Based on Computer Vision." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1290.

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The paper presents a new automatic detection system of DC traction motor commutator, which captures the image of traction motor commutator through CCD (Charge Couple Device) camera in real time, and recognizes the eigenvalue of commutator image by utilizing image processing technology. Meantime, the system takes it as the localization signal of numerical control machine. Therefore, computer vision controls cutting tool working instead of eyes in this system. The system has high-performance of precision and real time proved by experiment, so which has a certain value of practicality.

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44

Kireev, A. V., G. N. Kononov, and A. V. Lebedev. "Starting Operating Mode of the Combined Traction Levitation System of the Vehicle Equipped with Magnetic Suspension." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp176-183.

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The article gives the experimental results of the processes occurring in the combined system of traction and magnetic suspension, which was implemented on the basis of the linear switched reluctance motor. The goal of the research is to examine the possibility to combine the levitation and traction functions within one unit. The full- function physical model of the transport system with the magnetic suspension has been produced for experimental verification of the development concept for the combined system of traction and magnetic suspension. The research tests have been performed at the track structure with the limited length in order to study the processes, occurring in the most complicated start-up mode, when the discrete behavior of current in windings has the disturbance effect on the object levitation. The oscillograms of electromechanical transition processes, showing the mutual influence of traction subsystems and a suspension, are provided. The results of researches have illustrated dramatically that the development concept of the combined system of traction and magnetic suspension, based on the linear switched reluctance motor, is absolutely real. Further researches should be aimed at improving the system characteristics by reducing the mutual influence of levitation and traction processes.

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45

Xu, Kun, Jing Zeng, and Cai-Hong Huang. "Nonlinear stability analysis of motor bogies for high-speed trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 9 (December 10, 2018): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718814972.

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The traction motor flexibly suspended on the bogie frame is conducive to the lateral dynamic performance of high-speed trains. At present, most of the researches about the influences of suspension parameters of the traction motor on the stability of the bogie are limited to the linear system. In this paper, according to the suspension mode of the traction motor of a certain type of high-speed train in China, the dynamic equations of the motorized bogie with eight degrees of freedom are derived, and the nonlinear stability of the bogie system is analyzed. The bifurcation diagrams of the bogie system with different motor suspension parameters are obtained by using the continuation algorithm, and the linear and nonlinear critical speeds of the system are studied. The study shows that the suspension stiffness, damping coefficient, and the mass of the motor significantly affect the critical speeds of the bogie system. Then the mechanisms of the influence of suspension parameters on the linear and nonlinear critical speeds of the bogie are analyzed by the root locus method and Hopf bifurcation normal form theory, respectively.

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46

Nazarenko, Ihor, and Oleksandr Kovalov. "ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTROMECHANICAL SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTRIC MOTORBLOCK." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (2) (July 2, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2021.01.10.

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In Ukraine, the number of farms, private land users and protected soil structures has increased significantly in recent years. To increase the efficiency of vegetable production, small-sized mobile units in the form of motoblocks with internal combustion engines of domestic and foreign production have been widely used. However, during the operation of mobile units with internal combustion engines in greenhouses and hotbeds, the noise level and air pollution increase, which negatively affect not only people but also plants. The disadvantages of motoblocks with internal combustion engines should also include a fairly high specific consumption of liquid fuel, which has a high cost, difficulties in starting and stopping the unit, as well as the relatively low reliability of the internal combustion engine. More promising for work in protected soil structures are mobile units with traction motors, called electric motors, as environmentally friendly units that do not have these shortcomings. The main technical characteristics of the experimental sample of a small-sized electrified soil-cultivating motoblock are given in the work. The structural scheme of the power energy channel of the electric motor unit is substantiated, which clearly demonstrates the processes of energy conversion in it. The equation of energy balance of the electric motor unit and the main energy ratios that determine the properties of the traction motor in the drive of the electric motor unit are obtained. The algorithm of optimal control of a direct current traction motor by the maximum efficiency for direct current motors of serial and mixed excitation is substantiated. The results of field tests of the prototype of the electric motor unit are presented. The analysis of the obtained results of experimental researches of the electrified tillage motor-drive driven by the direct current motor of sequential excitation testifies to the reduction of specific energy consumption for the main types of tillage by 12-15%.

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47

Lee, Daewoong. "Development of BLDC Motor for HEV Engine Cooling and Battery Cooling System." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 23, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2015.23.2.153.

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Chen, Yue Dong, and Zhen Hua Xia. "Simulation and Implementation for the Speed Control System of Horizontal Continuous Casting Dragger for Copper." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1696.

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The levels of continuous casting process of copper and copper alloy billet have many advantages, such as taking small footprint, low investment and the shorter flow. Recently, it develops very quickly all over the world. This article designs the dummy body drive control system based on the DSP digital signal processing chips, inverter and variable speed induction motor, and uses the unique process that space vector pulse width modulation strategy can achieve continuous casting horizontal tractor’s four beats to realize continuous casting process’ high-quality, stable and reliable implementation. Early in the 19th century, German Bismarck had proposed a continuous casting process in his patent. The development of this method in the copper industry began in 1940s, the type of equipment went through belt type, vibration mold, vertical traction type, tilt casting type and Horizontal traction type [1, 2]. Now, horizontal traction, as the most popular method abroad, because its products don’t need straightening, and consistency of properties along the length and high density of grain lead to the improvements of mechanical properties and electrical properties, its superiority in product quality and production efficiency is obvious. The design combined the modern AC variable speed control and advanced SCM control technology and traction continuous casting process to design a Speed controller of horizontal continuous casting of copper traction motor, its performance is similar with to dummy industrial control computer and AC servo motor drive control system, but the configuration of the hardware is less than half the price.

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49

Kotani, Yasuhiro, Toshimitsu Morizane, Kosuke Tsujikawa, Noriyuki Kimura, and Hideki Omori. "Simultaneous Control of Traction and Levitation of Linear Induction Motor Driven by Additional Frequency Component Synchronous with Motor Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.612.

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It has been proposed that the traction and levitation of the carrier in the maglev system are controlled by the thrust and attractive force generated in Linear Induction Motor (LIM). In this system, the thrust and attractive force of LIM are controlled simultaneously and independently by the two different frequency components. In this paper, it is proposed to use the frequency component synchronous with the motor speed as one of the frequency components. It makes the design of the controller easier. The controller is designed using the measured parameters of LIM. It is verified that both the traction and levitation control are achieved by the simulation results.

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50

He, Jing, Xueyuan Chen, Songan Mao, Changfan Zhang, and Jianhua Liu. "Virtual Line Shafting-Based Total-Amount Coordinated Control of Multi-Motor Traction Power." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4735397.

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This paper investigates a virtual line shafting-based total-amount coordinated control method of multi-motor traction power to solve the traffic safety problem caused by train traction power loss. This method considers the total amount instead of the synchronous control amongst single motors in a multi-motor control system. Firstly, a block diagram of the proposed method is built. Secondly, on the basis of this diagram, an accurate system model with parameter perturbations is constructed. Thirdly, a virtual controller is designed to quickly adjust the output torque of the virtual motor and to realise a tracking control of the reference torque. A total-amount coordinated control strategy based on the integral sliding mode is also designed to keep the total traction power of the multi-motor system constant under uncertain and unknown disturbances. Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove the system stability. The simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the virtual controller and the total-amount coordinated control strategy in guaranteeing system robustness under disturbances and parameter perturbations.

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