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Статті в журналах з теми "Cooling capacity generation"
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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй та Ян Зонмін. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРОЕКТНОЇ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ В КОНКРЕТНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ І РІЗНИМИ МЕТОДАМИ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 6 (24 грудня 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cold output for the heat-moisture treatment of ambient air in air conditioning systems depends on its parameters (temperature and relative humidity), which vary significantly during operation. To determine the installed (design) cooling capacity of air conditioning system chillers, it is proposed to use a reduction in fuel consumption of a power plant or cooling capacity generation following its current conditioning spending over a certain period, since both of these indicators characterize the efficiency of using the installed cooling capacities of the air conditioning system. To extend the results of the investigation to a wide range of air conditioning units, two methods were used to determine the design cooling capacity (refrigerating capacity): by the maximum annual value and by the maximum growth rate of the efficiency indicator. The first method allows choosing the design cooling capacity, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to air cooling or maximum cooling capacity generation, which is necessary for air cooling following current climatic conditions. The second method allows determining the minimum design (installed) cooling capacity of chillers, which provides the maximum rate of reduction in fuel consumption by the power plant and the increment in the annual cooling capacity generation following the installed cooling capacity of chillers. The efficiency of air conditioning systems was analyzed for different climatic conditions: a temperate climate using the example of Voznesensk city (Ukraine) and the subtropical climate of Nanjing city (China). It is shown that the design cooling capacity values calculated by both indicators of its use efficiency are the same for the same climatic conditions. Wherein, if to determine the design cooling capacity by both methods - by the maximum annual value and the maximum rate of growth of the indicator, its values turned out to be quite close for tropical climatic conditions and somewhat different for a temperate climate.
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Kula, Sinan. "Design Studies of Two Stage Cooling Loop for New Generation Vehicles." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the design and integration of an intelligent refrigeration system that increases air conditioning and engine efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and emission levels in vehicles manufactured today will be examined. This design will include a two-stage cooling system. Two-stage cooling unit consist; high temperature radiator and low temperature radiator. The engine coolant will be cooled in the high temperature radiator. In the low temperature radiator, coolant of water cooled air charger and air conditioning condenser will be cooled. It is aimed to increase the engine efficiency by cooling more efficiently, thanks to the heat carrying capacity of the water which is high compared to air. With this project, it is aimed to cool the heated air after the turbocharging and air conditioning gas in the vehicle with water instead of air.
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Volkova, Anna, Aleksandr Hlebnikov, Aleksandr Ledvanov, Tanel Kirs, Urmas Raudsepp, and Eduard Latõšov. "District Cooling Network Planning. A Case Study of Tallinn." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 34 (May 25, 2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The planning procedure for district cooling as an urban system was presented and carried out using the example of the Tallinn city centre. The following steps were described in detail: cooling demand determination, cooling generation planning and cooling transition analysis. Based on the three proposed methods (average specific cooling load, satellite imagery analysis of a specific building, counting the number of fans in dry coolers and the combination method), the cooling capacity of the evaluated district was estimated at 63.2 MW. In terms of cooling generation, the analysis shows that seawater for free cooling can cover up to 55% of the annual cooling consumption. Electric chillers and absorption chillers that use surplus heat can cover the rest of the district cooling demand. The district cooling network was designed for three scenarios: with one generating unit, with two generating units and a looped network. Despite the fact that the looped network is the most expensive option, this type of solution is considered feasible as it will make it easier to connect new consumers.
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Zhang, Wenjie, Jiajun Zhang, Fengcheng Huang, Yuqiang Zhao, and Yongheng Zhong. "Study of the Application Characteristics of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Radiant Windows." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Through experiments and numerical simulation, this paper studies the related performance of a photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation cooling window structure, verifies the accuracy of the established solar thermoelectric radiation window calculation model, and analyzes the cooling performance of different parameters of thermoelectric sheet, radiation plate, and photovoltaic panel. On the basis of considering the relationship between the power generation and power consumption of the structure, the numerical calculation results show that the solar thermoelectric radiation window with non-transparent photovoltaic module (NTPV) has a total cooling capacity of 50.2 kWh, power consumption of 71.8 kWh, and power generation of 83.9 kWh from June to August. The solar thermoelectric radiation window with translucent photovoltaic module (STPV) has a total cooling capacity of 50.7 kWh, power consumption of 71.7 kWh, and power generation of 45.4 kWh from June to August. If the operation time of the thermoelectric module is limited, when the daily operation time of TEM is less than 8 h, the power generation of STPV can meet the power consumption demand of the thermoelectric radiation window from June to August.
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Yu, Ming Guo, Shu Hui Wang, Jia Qiang E, and Xiao Feng Hu. "Heat Transfer Capacity of Composite Cooling System for Automobile Lithium-Ion Battery with Heat Pipe and Phase Change Materials." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Combining high thermal conductivity and high latent heat of phase change Materials (PCM) with heat pipe that has strong ability of heat transfer. A three-dimensional transient heat-transfer model was set up to simulate the temperature distribution in the lithium-ion battery under different conditions of heat generation rate and different ambient temperature. The study revealed that composite cooling system keep the battery temperature below 40.2°C on average working condition, the highest temperature was not exceed 48.7°C even under stressful conditions. However, use PCM without heat pipe as cooling system, the temperature was 2~6°C higher than composite cooling system at the same condition. The composite cooling system was superior to PCM cooling system, especially in high heat generation rate and high ambient temperature.
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Kakaras, E., A. Doukelis, A. Prelipceanu, and S. Karellas. "Inlet Air Cooling Methods for Gas Turbine Based Power Plants." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 2 (September 23, 2005): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2131888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Power generation from gas turbines is penalized by a substantial power output loss with increased ambient temperature. By cooling down the gas turbine intake air, the power output penalty can be mitigated. Method of Approach: The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art in applications for reducing the gas turbine intake air temperature and examine the merits from integration of the different air-cooling methods in gas-turbine-based power plants. Three different intake air-cooling, methods (evaporative cooling, refrigeration cooling, and evaporative cooling of precompressed air) have been applied in two combined cycle power plants and two gas turbine plants. The calculations were performed on a yearly basis of operation, taking into account the time-varying climatic conditions. The economics from integration of the different cooling systems were calculated and compared. Results: The results have demonstrated that the highest incremental electricity generation is realized by absorption intake air-cooling. In terms of the economic performance of the investment, the evaporative cooler has the lowest total cost of incremental electricity generation and the lowest payback period (PB). Concerning the cooling method of pre-compressed air, the results show a significant gain in capacity, but the total cost of incremental electricity generation in this case is the highest. Conclusions: Because of the much higher capacity gain by an absorption chiller system, the evaporative cooler and the absorption chiller system may both be selected for boosting the performance of gas-turbine-based power plants, depending on the prevailing requirements of the plant operator.
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Gwak, Geonhui, Minwoo Kim, Dohwan Kim, Muhammad Faizan, Kyeongmin Oh, Jaeseung Lee, Jaeyoo Choi, Nammin Lee, Kisung Lim, and Hyunchul Ju. "Performance and Efficiency Analysis of an HT-PEMFC System with an Absorption Chiller for Tri-Generation Applications." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An absorption chiller model for tri-generation (combined cooling, heating, and power) is developed and incorporated with the high temperature- (HT-) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system model that was developed in our previous study. We employ a commercially available flow simulator, Aspen HYSYS, for solving the energy and mass balances of various system components, including an HT-PEMFC stack that is based on a phosphoric acid-doped PBI membrane, natural gas-fueled reformer, LiBr-H2O absorption chiller, balance of plant (BOP) components, and heat exchangers. Since the system’s operating strategy for tri-generation must be changed, depending on cooling or heating loads, a major focus of this study is to analyze system performance and efficiency under different requirements of electricity generation, cooling, and heating conditions. The system simulation results revealed that high-current fuel-cell operation is essential in raising the cooling capacity, but the overall system efficiency is slightly reduced as a result. Using a lower fuel-air ratio for the burner in the reforming module is one alternative that can minimize the reduction in the overall system efficiency under high-current fuel-cell operation and large cooling-capacity modes.
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Khosala, Yudha. "Thermal Calculation for Water Cooling Tower To Cool Compressor ATLAS COPCO GA 250 FF." ACMIT Proceedings 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/acmit.v3i1.44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this paper is to choose the correct capacity of Thermal Calculation for Water Cooling Tower to Cool Compressor ATLAS COPCO GA 250 FF since a cooling tower is considered as an essential component for a compressor in an oil and gas pipe manufacture plant. Cooling tower is an equipment device commonly used to dissipate heat from air conditioning, water-cooled refrigeration, power generation units, and industrial process. In this paper, we use a induced draft counter flow tower for the design of cooling tower which based on Merkel’s method. The tower characteristic is determined by Merkel’s method. A simple algebraic formula is used to calculate the optimum water and air flow rate. This paper calculate the cooling tower characteristic, air flow required, efficiency, effectiveness, and cooling capacity of cooling tower need to cool the compressor compare with the availability cooling tower product in the market. In this paper, we will design based on calculation thermal capacity which lead to decentralizing the cooling tower to reach better energy efficiency of the plant.
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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Микола Іванович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ПОВІТРЯ СИСТЕМИ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ТИПУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (31 серпня 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most attractive reserves of enhancing the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems is to provide the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by choosing rational design cooling loads (cooling capacities) and their distribution according to a cooling load behaviour within the overall design (installed) cooling load band to match current changeable climatic conditions and provide close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation according to cooling duties. The direction of increasing the efficiency of outdoor air conditioning in combined central-local type systems by rationally distributing the heat load - cooling capacity of the central air conditioner into zones of variable heat load in accordance with current climatic conditions and its relatively stable value, i.e. cooling capacity required for further air cooling at the entrance to the indoor recirculation air conditioning system is justified. By comparing the values of the excessive production of cold and its deficit within every 3 days for a rational design heat load of the air conditioning system (cooling capacity of the installed refrigeration machine), which provides close to maximum annual production of cold, and the corresponding values of the excess and deficit of cooling capacity in accordance with current climatic conditions during July substantiated the feasibility of accumulating the excess of cooling capacity of a central air conditioner at low current loads and its use for covering cooling deficit at elevated heat loads through pre-cooling the outdoor air. It is developed a scheme of a combined central-local air conditioning system, which includes the subsystems for the outdoor air conditioning in a central air conditioner and the local indoor recirculated air conditioning.
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Du, Jiuyu, Yizhao Sun, Yingxuan Huang, and Xiaogang Wu. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of Thermal Management System for LiFePO4 Lithium Battery under High Power Charging." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the high-power charging process, the heat generated by the power battery is significantly increased, resulting in a significant temperature rise, which will bring safety hazards and worsens capacity degradation. In this study, we focus on the energy storage system composed of LiFePO4 pouch battery cells whose capacity is 30Ah. The coupling calculation between the one-dimensional electro-chemical model and the 3D heat generation model is realized. The accuracy of the model is verified by charging the battery at different rates. The results show that the inlet flow rate and the cooling channel size within a certain range has a great influence on the cooling effect of the battery pack during high power charging process. Comparing the temperature distribution of the battery pack under different charging rates, the electrochemical-heating coupling model established in this study can truly reflect the heat generation of the battery. Through the calculation of the heat generation of the battery pack, the boundary conditions of the cooling system design can be found, which provides a basis for the optimal design of the conditional cooling system for battery high-power charging.
Дисертації з теми "Cooling capacity generation"
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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.
Повний текст джерела
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Dung-Lung, Lin, and 林東瀧. "The Application of Absorption Cooling Systems in Enhancing Power Generation Capacity." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82406715520414823253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中山大學
機械工程學系研究所
88
It takes 3~5 years to finish a power plaint project including location, reliability, environment evaluating, investigation, etc. In addition, it is difficulty to get a right place and hinder by the environment protection. So, it is an important class on boosting the existing power generation capacity. It was used to enhance power generation capacity by increasing the combustion chamber temperature in traditional way. However, it not only increases the exhaust temperature of gas turbine, but also increase the compressor ration. However, it is more difficulty on the design of gas turbine. And then we consider the other way in this thesis by reducing inlet air temperature of compressor to increase the density and flow of air and the power generation capacity. The result is magic that the power generation capacity enhance 10% ~20%. The analysis of Combustion Turbine Inlet Air Cooling System by Absorption refrigerant system(CTIAC-ABS) describe in chapter 2 including fundamental of a gas turbine, the absorption refrigerant chiller, the inlet cooling coil and cogeneration system. It lets us know how to select the style of cogeneration and specification of an absorption refrigerant chiller. It is important to consider the mass condensate water in the air side of inlet cooling coil. The author suggest to use the analysis method of wet-coil developed by Threlkeld(1970). The CTIAC system could be used to the Gas Turbine System, Gas Turbine with HRSG System and Combined System. Because of there is not high pressure steam, we can use the fired-gas absorption refrigerant system as the source of chiller on the CTIAC-ABS system. There is the high pressure steam of Gas Turbine with HRSG System and Combined System. So we can divided the high pressure steam into two part, one to process and the other could be used as the heat source of absorption refrigerant chiller There are two advantages of using CTIAC-ABS on cogeneration power plaint. 1.The new purpose of mass high pressure steam could be used in cogeneration power plaint in Taiwan. 2.Reduction operational cost of CTIAC-ABS The author finished the sensibility of power generation capacity with the analysis of practical operative data, classification of gas turbine and the power plaint Simulation program (GateCycle). When the compressor inlet temperature decrease from 30OC to 10OC, the results are : air flow rate increase 6.3%, fuel flow rate increase 5.95%, exhaust air temperature decrease 1.7% and exhaust air flow rate increase 6.3%, net power output increase 12.2%, heat rat decrease 3.7% and thermal efficiency upward 1.32%.Then, the author got a simulative equation of power capacity. The typical gas turbines operate at full-load condition, 52.25% of annual hours, in 1998 in Taiwan. Gas turbines were almost full load on daytime and half-load or closed at night. If we apply the CTIAC-ABS system on TPC's combined power plant, it can operate at 8:00~18:00 on daytime and shutdown at night. If there is high pressure steam in the cogeneration with HRSG, the CTIAC-ABS system can operate at the time that the cogeneration power plant is operative. How to decide the capacity of absorption refrigerant chiller? The author decided the maximum capacity of absorption refrigerant chiller operating at 31OC , 80%RH of weather condition that limit by 2.5% ***. The author forecasts the lowest compressor inlet air temperature will be 10OC. The steam double-effect CTIAC-ABS system could make the compressor inlet air temperature decrease from 30OC to 10 OC and enhances the heat rate 3.8%, the thermal efficiency 1.2%. The fired-direct CTIAC-ABS system also enhances the heat rate 5% and the thermal efficiency 1.5%. The results are close to the simulation of GateCycle program. So, the author compared the result of simulation with real data that the optimumal operative point of the CTIAC-ABS system is 10OC.
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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, С. А. Кантор, В. С. Ткаченко, С. Г. Фордуй, Я. Зонмін, E. I. Trushliakov та ін. "Визначення проектної холодопродуктивності системи кондиціювання повітря в конкретних кліматичних умовах і різними методами". Thesis, 2020. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Визначення проектної холодопродуктивності системи кондиціювання повітря в конкретних кліматичних умовах і різними методами = Determine of project cooling capacity of the air conditioning system in actual climate conditions and by different methods / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, С. А. Кантор, В. С. Ткаченко, С. Г. Фордуй, Я. Зонмін // Матеріали XI міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – Т. 1. – С. 449–453.Анотація. Запропоновано використання скорочення питомого споживання палива та вироблення холоду для визначення проектної холодопродуктивності холодильних машин системи кондиціювання повітря. Показано, що значення проектної холодопродуктивності, розраховані за обома показниками ефективності однакові для одних і тих же кліматичних умов.
Determine of project cooling capacity of the air conditioning system in actual climate conditions and by different methods It is proposed to use a reduction in specific fuel consumption and cold production to determine the design refrigeration capacity of refrigeration machines of the air conditioning system. It is shown that the value of the design refrigerating capacity calculated by both efficiency indicators are the same for the same climatic conditions.
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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, E. I. Trushliakov, A. M. Radchenko, B. S. Portnoi та S. G. Forduy. "Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов = Methods to determine the heat load of air conditioning systems with account of current climatic conditions / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 493–497.Анотація. Одним з найбільш привабливих резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря є забезпечення роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до номінального режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу в межах його проектної величини відповідно до характеру поточного теплового навантаження за змінних поточних кліматичних умов з метою максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, пов’язаних з попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і порівняно стабільну частку холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Цілком очевидно, що стабільний діапазон теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального режимі, тоді як попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю. Таким чином, за характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-яка система кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральна система кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінація з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, складається з двох підсистем: попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря і його подальшого охолодження до встановленої кінцевої температури. Запропонований метод розподілу проектного теплового навантаження в залежності від характеру поточних теплових навантажень є корисним для раціонального проектування систем центрального кондиціювання повітря та їх комбінованих версій з місцевою системою кондиціювання повітря.
Abstract. One of the most attractive reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems is to ensure the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by selecting a rational design heat load and distributing it within its design value according to the behavior of the current heat load under variable current climatic conditions to provide the maximum or close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation accord-ing to cooling duties of air conditioning. In the general case, the overall range of current thermal loads of any air conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads associated with the precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in cooling capacity according with current climatic conditions, and a relatively stable range of cooling capacity consumed to further reduce air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet tem-perature. It is quite obvious that a stable range of heat load can be ensured within operating a conventional com-pressor in a mode close to the nominal mode, while precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in heat load requires regulation of the cooling capacity through the use of a variable speed compressor. Thus, in response of the behavior of the change in current heat loads, any air conditioning system, whether the central air-conditioning system with its heat procession in a central air conditioner, or a combination thereof with a local recirculation sys-tem of indoor air, essentially consists of two subsystems: pre-cooling the ambient air and then cooling it to the set point temperature. The proposed method of distribution of design heat load depending on the behaviour of current heat load is useful for the rational design of central air conditioning systems and their combined versions with the local air conditioning system.
Аннотация. Одним из самых привлекательных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха является обеспечение работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к номинальному режимах путем выбора рационального проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения в пределах ее проектной величины в соответствии с характером текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с меняющимися текущими климатическими условиями с целью максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, связанных с предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и сравнительно стабильную долю холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на снижение температуры воздуха от определенной пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Совершенно очевидно, что стабильный диапазон тепловой нагрузки может быть обеспечен при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, тогда как предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью. Таким образом, по характеру изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любая система кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральная система кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинация с местной рециркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, состоит из двух подсистем: предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха и его дальнейшего охлаждения до установленной конечной температуры. Предложенный метод распределения проектного тепловой нагрузки в зависимости от характера текущих тепловых нагрузок весьма полезный для рационального проектирования систем центрального кондиционирования воздуха и их комбинированных версий с местной системой кондиционирования воздуха.
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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор, E. I. Trushliakov та ін. "Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря = The stage principle of distribution of thermal load in air conditioning systems / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 504–508.Анотація. Підтримання роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до нього режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу за характером зміни поточного теплового навантаження відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов є одним з перспективних резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря, реалізація якого забезпечує досягнення максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, обумовлених попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і діапазон порівняно стабільної холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Якщо діапазон стабільного теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального, то попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю або ж використання надлишку холоду, закумульованого при знижених теплових навантаженнях. Такий ступеневий принцип охолодження забезпечує узгодження роботи холодильних машин з характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральної системи кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінації з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, як комбінації підсистем – попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря з регулюванням холодопродуктивності та подальшого охолодження повітря до встановленої кінцевої температури в умовах відносно стабільного теплового навантаження.
Abstract. Maintaining the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close modes by selecting a rational design thermal load and distributing it in response to the behavior of the current thermal load according to the current climatic conditions is one of the promising reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, which implementation ensures maximum or close to it in the annual cooling production according to air conditioning duties. In general case, the total range of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads caused by precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in the cooling capacity according to current climatic conditions, and a range of relatively stable cooling capacity expended for further lowering the air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet temperature. If a range of stable thermal load can be provided within operating a conventional compressor in a mode close to nominal, then precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in thermal load requires adjusting the cooling capacity by using a variable speed compressor or using excess of heat accumulated at reduced load. Such a stage principle of cooling ensures the operation of refrigerating machines matching the behavior of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system, whether the central air conditioning system with ambient air procession in the central air conditioner, or its combination with the local indoors recirculation air conditioning systems in the air-conditioning system. in essence, as combinations of subsystems – precooling of ambient air with regulation of cooling capacity and subsequent cooling air to the mouth of the set point temperature under relatively stable thermal load.
Аннотация. Поддержание работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к нему режимах путем выбора рациональной проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения согласно характеру изменения текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями является одним из перспективных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха, реализация которого обеспечивает достижение максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, обусловленных предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и диапазон сравнительно стабильной холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на дальнейшее понижение температуры воздуха от некоторой пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Если диапазон стабильной тепловой нагрузки может быть покрыт при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, то предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью или использования избытка холода, аккумулированного при пониженных тепловых нагрузках. Такой ступенчатый принцип охлаждения обеспечивает согласование работы холодильных машин с характером изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральной системы кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинации с местной циркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, как комбинации подсистем–предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха с регулированием холодопроизводительности и последующего охлаждения воздуха до конечной температуры в условиях относительно стабильной тепловой нагрузки.
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TONG, JUN-YANG, and 童鈞洋. "Design of cooling fin to enhance the generating capacity of thermoelectric module for motorcycle exhaust pipe system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76041376202141406786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
104
A thermoelectric module was installed at the exhaust pipe of motorcycle to generate electric power from waste heat in this thesis. Bismuth telluride thermoelectric generators were used in this study and obtained from Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan. To enhance the temperature difference and generating capacity, cooling fins of thermoelectric module at the exhaust pipe of motorcycle were studied. Heat sink analytical and finite element models were used to design the geometry of cooling fins and were compared to the experimental results. Three rotation speeds of motorcycle engine, 1700, 2500 and 3000rpm were investigated in the experiment. Experimental results showed that temperature difference and electrical power increased 10%, 11% and 25% for modified heat sink at 1700rpm, 2500 and 3000rpm, respectively.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cooling capacity generation"
1
Henderson, Charles R., Jerry A. Ebeling, and Richard C. Smith. "Union Electric Company’s Combustion Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Study." In 1993 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-jpgc-gt-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Union Electric Company is a summer peaking utility, experiencing peak electrical load demands during the hot summer months. Combustion turbine generators are often used to meet the summer peak demands. However, the generating capability of a combustion turbine decreases as the ambient air temperature increases. When system peak demands are at their highest levels on the hottest days of the year, the generating capacity of the combustion turbines are at their lowest values. This lost generating capacity can be recovered by cooling the air entering the combustion turbines. Various combustion turbine inlet air cooling technologies were investigated for a General Electric Model 7B combustion turbine. The cooling technologies evaluated in the study were evaporative cooling, thermal energy storage (ice), on-line mechanical chiller, direct absorption chiller, steam absorption chiller with heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and once-through cooling using well water. Conceptual designs, performance estimates, installation and operating costs were developed for each alternative.
2
Zwillenberg, M. L., D. Smith, A. Cohn, I. Oliker, and W. Major. "Assessment of Refrigeration-Type Cooling of Inlet Air for Essex Unit No. 9." In 1991 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-jpgc-gt-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intent of this assessment is to determine the economic and technical feasibility of the reduction of compressor-inlet-air temperature by providing a cooling coil at the entrance to the turbine’s inlet-air section to improve performance and reduce operating costs. To achieve the desired cooling of the inlet air to the turbine’s compressor, it is proposed to use indirect cooling from a mechanical-vapor compression-type chiller in combination with cool storage. Two types of cool storage are examined, including chilled-water storage and ice storage. A sizing methodology for the chiller and storage capacity was formulated by PSE&G to maximize the economic attractiveness which a cooling capability can achieve under the power-pool rules. The study considered an energy/thermal assessment to predict turbine performance and electrical output with and without inlet-air cooling. Total benefits include a capacity benefit, net power-generation increase and turbine fuel-input savings less operating costs. Based on the capital cost of the alternatives, simple paybacks were determined.
3
ElSherbini, A. I., and A. M. Al-Qattan. "Fuel Cell Distributed Generation System for Cooling." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Air conditioning (A/C) systems are the major consumers of power in hot climates. In a country like Kuwait, A/C accounts for 85% of power supplied to homes during peak hours and 55% of annual energy consumption by the residential sector. A fuel-cell-based cogeneration system is proposed to improve the efficiency of generating and utilizing power for cooling in residential buildings. Distributed electric power is generated by a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The electricity is used to operate high-efficiency water-cooled chillers in a district-cooling setup, which replaces packaged A/C units typically used for homes. The exhaust fuel and heat from the SOFC operate a gas turbine and an absorption chiller. A thermal energy storage tank is used for storing chilled water to reduce the total capacity of the system and, hence, capital investment. The integrated fuel-cell air-conditioning (FCAC) system improves the cooling-to-fuel efficiency, expressed as coefficient of performance, by 375%. The peak power requirement is reduced by 65% and the total fuel energy is reduced by 58%. An example system of 2 MW delivers 3750 RT (13.2 MW) of cooling to a district. Over a 9-month period, it saves 94 TJ of fuel energy and feeds 5.21 GWh of electricity to the grid as a surplus.
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Fujimoto, Takayuki, Nobuyuki Isoshima, Hiroyuki Toyoda, Yoshiaki Yamauchi, Hitoshi Matsushima, and Ikuo Nishida. "Cooling Design for the Next Generation Optical Disc Drive." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, the data transfer rate and the memory capacity of optical disc drives have been increasing dramatically. To obtain the high data transfer rate and greater memory capacity, the disc rotation speed and the laser power also need to be increased and these cause an increase in the temperature of the laser diode. Therefore, to develop the next generation optical disc drives, an enhanced cooling system is indispensable for the optical pick-up unit that contains the laser diode. As the temperature of the pick-up unit is influenced by the inside air flow induced by the disc rotation, it is quite necessary to grasp the velocity and temperature distribution inside the drive, and also the influence of the disc rotation speed on the temperature of the pick-up unit. Hence we applied PIV measurements and CFD simulations to visualize the flow field and the internal temperature. Then, during the actual disc recording process we measured the temperature of the pick-up unit and the internal air of the drive. As a result, we made clear the dependence of the disc rotation speed on the pick-up unit temperature. In addition, as an example for next generation optical disc drives, we evaluated the cooling system applying a small axial fan inside the drive and confirmed the validity of this fan system.
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Maulbetsch, John S. "Hybrid Cooling for Thermal-Electric Power Generation." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water use by power plant cooling systems has become a critical siting issue for new plants and the object of increasing pressure for modification or retrofit at existing plants. Wet cooling typically costs less and results in more efficient plant performance. Dry cooling, while costing more and imposing heat rate and capacity penalties on the plant, conserves significant amounts of water and eliminates any concerns regarding thermal discharge to or intake losses on local water bodies. Hybrid cooling systems have the potential of combining the advantages of both systems by reducing, although not eliminating, water requirements while incurring performance penalties that are less than those from all-dry systems. The costs, while greater than those for wet cooling, can be less than those for dry. This paper addresses parallel wet/dry systems combining direct dry cooling using a forced-draft air-cooled condenser (ACC) with closed-cycle wet cooling using a surface (shell-and-tube) steam condenser and a mechanical-draft, counterflow wet cooling tower as applied to coal-fired steam plants, gas-fired combined-cycle plants and nuclear plants. A brief summary of criteria used to identify situations where hybrid systems should be considered is given. A methodology for specifying and selecting a hybrid system is described along with the information and data requirements for sizing and estimating the capital costs and water requirements a specified plant at a specified site. The methodology incorporates critical plant and operating parameters into the analysis, such as plant monthly load profile, plant equipment design parameters for equipment related to the cooling system, e.g. steam turbine, condenser, wet or dry cooling system, wastewater treatment system. Site characteristics include a water budget or constraints, e.g. acre feet of water available for cooling on an annual basis as well as any monthly or seasonal “draw rate” constraints and meteorological data. The effect of economic parameters including cost of capital, power, water and chemicals for wastewater treating are reviewed. Finally some examples of selected systems at sites of varying meteorological characteristics are presented.
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Constantin, Sandu, and Dan Brasoveanu. "Exceeding 2000 K at Turbine Inlet: Relative Cooling With Liquid for Gas Turbines — Integrated Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thermal efficiency of gas turbines is critically dependent on temperature of burnt gases at turbine inlet, the higher this temperature the higher the efficiency. Stochiometric combustion would provide maximum efficiency, but in the absence of an internal cooling system, turbine blades cannot tolerate gas temperatures exceeding 1300 K. This temperature yields a low thermal efficiency, about 15% below the level provide by stoicthiometric combustion. Conventional engines rely on air for blade and disk cooling and limit temperature at turbine inlet to about 1500 K. These engines gain about 3% compared to non-cooled designs. Gas turbines with state of the art air-cooling systems reach up to 1700–1750 K, boosting thermal efficiency by another 2–3%. These temperatures are near the limit allowed by air-cooling systems. Cooling systems with air are easier to design, but air has a low heat transfer capacity, and compressor air bleeding lowers the overall efficiency of engines (less air remains available for combustion). In addition, these systems waste most of the heat extracted from turbine for cooling. In principle, gas turbines could be cooled with liquid. Half a century ago, designers tried to place the pump for coolant recirculation on the engine stator. Liquid was allowed to boil inside the turbine. Seals for parts in relative motion cannot prevent loss of superheated vapors, therefore these experiments failed. To circumvent this problem, another design relied on thermal gradients to promote recirculation from blade tip to root. Liquid flow and cooling capacity were minute. Therefore it was assumed that liquid couldn’t be used for gas turbine cooling. This is an unwarranted assumption. The relative motion between engine stator and rotor provides abundant power for pumps placed on the rotor. The heat exchanger needed for cooling the liquid with ambient air could also be embedded in the rotor. In fact, the entire cooling system can be encapsulated within the rotor. In this manner, the sealing problem is circumvented. Compared to state of the art air-cooling methods, such a cooling system would increase thermal efficiency of any gas turbine by 6%–8%, because stoichimoetric fuel-air mixtures would be used (maybe even with hydrogen fuel). In addition, these systems would recuperate most of the heat extracted from turbine for cooling, are expected to be highly reliable and to increase specific power of gas turbines by 400% to 500%.
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Groves, Jack, Todd Krankkala, and Greg Nugent. "Afton Generating Station, Including Unique Hybrid Cooling." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper describes the evolution of a successful new combined cycle utility generation plant over nearly two decades in response to external and internal requirements for commercial, environmental and functional performance. The Afton Project followed an evolutionary path from initial development as a peaking unit into its full realization as an innovative combined cycle station utilizing a hybrid cooling system to realize its owner’s objectives for water conservation and the ability to respond to load demands in the arid Southwest. Afton, a state-of-the-art 225 MW combined cycle facility, entered commercial operation in October of 2007, delivering critically needed capacity with NOx at 3.5 ppm or less.
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Sancho-Bastos, Francisco, and Horacio Perez-Blanco. "Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating and Cooling Demands." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system was developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers were designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It was found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy called for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance were studied and simulations for different demand cases were performed.
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Ghahremani, Amir R., F. Roshanghalb, R. Jahanbakhshi, M. H. Saidi, and S. Kazemzadeh Hannani. "Performance Analysis and Optimization of High Capacity Pulse Tube Refrigerator." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24863.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High capacity pulse tube refrigerator (HCPTR) is a new generation of cryocoolers tailored to provide more than 250 W of cooling power at cryogenic temperatures. The most important characteristics of HCPTR when compared with other types of pulse tube refrigerators are a powerful pressure wave generator, and an accurate design. In this paper the influence of geometrical and operating parameters on the performance of a double inlet pulse tube refrigerator (DIPTR) is studied. The DIPTR is modeled applying the nodal analysis technique, using mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The model is able to compute instantaneous flow field throughout the system and calculate cooling capacity and COP. The model is validated with the existing experimental data. To perform the optimized mode of operation, the influence of both geometrical and operating parameters on cooling capacity and COP is investigated. The key geometrical parameters considered in this paper are aspect ratios of regenerator and tube section, length ratio of regenerator and tube, and type of screen mesh. The main operating parameters considered are average charge pressure, and position of opening of orifice and bypass. As a result of this optimization a new configuration of HCPTR is proposed. This configuration provides 300 W at 80 K cold end temperature with a frequency of 50 Hz and COP of 0.054.
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Ebeling, Jerry, Robert Balsbaugh, Steven Blanchard, and Lawrence Beaty. "Thermal Energy Storage and Inlet Air Cooling for Combined Cycle." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper will discuss the application of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) using ice and inlet air cooling at the Fayetteville (North Carolina, USA) Public Works Commission (PWC) Butler-Warner Generation Plant. The Butler-Warner Generating Plant consists of eight General Electric Frame 5 combustion turbines and a single steam turbine. Six of the combustion turbines exhaust through three Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG). The project consisted of modifying the inlets of all eight combustion turbines to accommodate plate fin cooling coils and new air filters; and the design and construction of the TES ice production and storage facilities. A feasibility study was completed in June 1992. Detail designed began in August 1992. Initial operation was June 1993. The modifications have been completed and the plant has experienced a 29% capacity increase as a result of the project.