Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cool-Tied"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Cool-Tied"
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Bell, Rayna C., and Christian G. Irian. "Phenotypic and genetic divergence in reed frogs across a mosaic hybrid zone on São Tomé Island." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Although naturally heterogeneous environments can lead to mosaic hybrid zones, human-induced habitat fragmentation can also lead to environmental heterogeneity and hybridization. Here we quantify phenotypic and molecular divergence across a reed frog mosaic hybrid zone on São Tomé Island as a first step towards understanding the consequences of hybridization across this heterogeneous landscape. The São Tomé giant reed frog (Hyperolius thomensis) is strongly tied to cool, wet, forest habitats whereas the distribution of Moller’s reed frog (H. molleri) spans cool, wet, forests to warm, dry, disturbed habitats. Correspondingly, hybridization is concentrated in the more forested, cool, wet sites relative to non-forested, warmer, drier habitats. Four of six sites with hybrid frogs are artificial water bodies near the forest edge, indicating that both breeding habitat and broader scale environmental variation are probably important for understanding interspecific interactions and the extent of hybridization in this system. Phenotypic variation (body size and ventral coloration) largely tracks genetic and environmental variation across the hybrid zone with larger and more pigmented frogs occurring in forested, cool, wet habitats. Understanding whether human-induced changes in habitat break down reproductive barriers will be essential for conservation management of the less abundant, forest-associated H. thomensis in the face of rampant hybridization.
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Wayman, Erin. "Environment: Warming hiatus tied to cool Pacific: Air temperature plateau caused by natural variation in oceans." Science News 184, no. 7 (September 24, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591840714.
Повний текст джерела
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Pinsonneault, M. H. "Rotational mixing and Lithium depletion." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S268 (November 2009): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310004497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractI review basic observational features in Population I stars which strongly implicate rotation as a mixing agent; these include dispersion at fixed temperature in coeval populations and main sequence lithium depletion for a range of masses at a rate which decays with time. New developments related to the possible suppression of mixing at late ages, close binary mergers and their lithium signature, and an alternate origin for dispersion in young cool stars tied to radius anomalies observed in active young stars are discussed. I highlight uncertainties in models of Population II lithium depletion and dispersion related to the treatment of angular momentum loss. Finally, the origins of rotation are tied to conditions in the pre-main sequence, and there is thus some evidence that environment and planet formation could impact stellar rotational properties. This may be related to recent observational evidence for cluster to cluster variations in lithium depletion and a connection between the presence of planets and stellar lithium depletion.
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Grise, Kevin M., and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Understanding the Time Scales of the Tropospheric Circulation Response to Abrupt CO2 Forcing in the Southern Hemisphere: Seasonality and the Role of the Stratosphere." Journal of Climate 30, no. 21 (November 2017): 8497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0849.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the time scales of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropospheric circulation response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In response to an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2, the midlatitude jet stream and poleward edge of the Hadley circulation shift poleward on the time scale of the rising global-mean surface temperature during the summer and fall seasons but on a much more rapid time scale during the winter and spring seasons. The seasonally varying time scales of the SH circulation response are closely tied to the meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere and, in particular, to temperatures in the SH polar lower stratosphere. During summer and fall, SH polar lower-stratospheric temperatures cool on the time scale of warming global surface temperatures, as the lifting of the tropopause height with tropospheric warming is associated with cooling at lower-stratospheric levels. However, during winter and spring, SH polar lower-stratospheric temperatures cool primarily from fast time-scale radiative processes, contributing to the faster time-scale circulation response during these seasons. The poleward edge of the SH subtropical dry zone shifts poleward on the time scale of the rising global-mean surface temperature during all seasons in response to an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2. The dry zone edge initially follows the poleward shift in the Hadley cell edge but is then augmented by the action of eddy moisture fluxes in a warming climate. Consequently, with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, key features of the tropospheric circulation response could emerge sooner than features more closely tied to rising global temperatures.
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Huang, Xingying, and Paul A. Ullrich. "The Changing Character of Twenty-First-Century Precipitation over the Western United States in the Variable-Resolution CESM." Journal of Climate 30, no. 18 (August 23, 2017): 7555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0673.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The changing characters of precipitation frequency and intensity have been comprehensively investigated from the recent historical period to the end of the twenty-first century over the western United States. Variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) ensemble simulations are applied with a fine grid resolution of ~0.25° over the study area. Simulations are forced with prescribed sea surface temperatures, sea ice extent, and greenhouse gas concentrations from the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. VR-CESM is shown to be effective at accurately capturing the spatial patterns of the historical precipitation climatology. The results of VR-CESM output provide significantly regional details with crucial enhancement of precipitation representations over complex terrain. In the Intermountain West and U.S. Southwest, a statistically significant increase in mean precipitation and rainy days through midcentury is observed, although this trend is tempered by the end of the century in response to a decrease in relative humidity. Over the Pacific Northwest, extreme precipitation events are observed to increase significantly as a result of increased cool season integrated vapor transport associated with a moistening of the cool seasons and drying through the warm seasons. In particular, extreme precipitation in this region appears to increase more rapidly than would be predicted by the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. No clear climate signal emerges in mean precipitation or extreme events in the majority of California, where the precipitation climatology is attributed to large interannual variabilities that are tied closely to ENSO patterns.
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Zhang, Huanian, and Dennis Zaritsky. "The Anisotropic Circumgalactic Medium of Massive Early-type Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9c64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Using measurements of the [O iii], Hα, and [N ii] emission line fluxes originating in the cool (T ∼104 K) gas that populates the halos of massive early-type galaxies with stellar masses greater than 1010.4 M ⊙, we explore the recent conjecture that active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity preferentially removes the circumgalactic medium (CGM) along the polar (minor-axis) direction. We find deficits in the mean emission line flux of [O iii] and Hα (65% and 43%, respectively) along the polar versus planar directions, although due to the large uncertainties in these difficult measurements the results are of marginal statistical significance (1.5σ). More robustly (97%–99.9% confidence depending on the statistical test), diagnostic line ratios show stronger AGN ionization signatures along the polar direction at small radii than at other angles or radii. Our results are consistent with the conjecture of an anisotropic CGM in massive early-type galaxies, suggested on independent grounds, that is tied to AGN activity and begin to show the potential of CGM mapping using emission lines.
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Bagula, Espoir M., Jackson Gilbert M. Majaliwa, Gustave N. Mushagalusa, Twaha A. Basamba, John-Baptist Tumuhairwe, Jean-Gomez M. Mondo, Patrick Musinguzi, et al. "Climate Change Effect on Water Use Efficiency under Selected Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Ruzizi Catchment, Eastern D.R. Congo." Land 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concerns have been raised on the effectiveness and sustainability of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices as adaptation options to climate change and high intra– and inter–annual rainfall variabilities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study was conducted in the Ruzizi Plain, a dryland area, to assess the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and two SWC practices (tied ridges and conventional tillage). The AgMIP’s Regional Integrated Assessment (RIA) approach was used to simulate Water Use Efficiency (WUE) under the Cropping System Model–Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CSM–CERES–Maize) of the Decision Support System for Agro–technology Transfer (DSSAT). The model was calibrated using experimental data from nine cropping seasons (2011–2018) and 100 farms. The model sensitivity was assessed as a function of temperature, water, and SWC practices for the same environments. Initial conditions of crop management practices were used as input data for CSM–CERES–Maize. Current climate data were extracted from AgMERRA datasets corrected with local data for the period of 1980 to 2021. Future climate projections (2022–2099) were obtained after down−scaling the data from the 29 General Circulation Models (GCMS) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) and subsetted to five GCMs based on climate regimes. GCMS results were a strong indicator that climate change in this DRC dryland will result in an increase in average annual temperatures for both RCP 4.5 and 8.5, with the highest increase (3.05 °C) under hot/dry conditions for RCP8.5 and the lowest (1.04 °C) under cool/dry conditions for RCP 4.5. All the models selected for five climate regimes for 2022–2099 showed no change in the rainfall trends for RCP 4.5 (p > 0.05). The models projected yield declines of 5–25%, with less yield losses under tied ridges as an adaptation practice. The use of efficient SWC practices could therefore be a promising strategy in reducing potential losses from climate change in drylands of eastern DRC.
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Thibault, Nicolas, Rikke Harlou, Niels H. Schovsbo, Lars Stemmerik, and Finn Surlyk. "Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian) sea-surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea." Climate of the Past 12, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-429-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical timescale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Ma). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian.
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Thibault, N., R. Harlou, N. H. Schovsbo, L. Stemmerik, and F. Surlyk. "Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian–Maastrichtian) sea surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 6 (November 3, 2015): 5049–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-5049-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical time scale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Myr). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian.
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Leuchtmann, Adrian, and Christopher L. Schardl. "Genetic Diversity of Epichloë Endophytes Associated with Brachypodium and Calamagrostis Host Grass Genera including Two New Species." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fungi of genus Epichloë (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) are common endophytic symbionts of Poaceae, including wild and agronomically important cool-season grass species (subfam. Poöideae). Here, we examined the genetic diversity of Epichloë from three European species of Brachypodium (B. sylvaticum, B. pinnatum and B. phoenicoides) and three species of Calamagrostis (C. arundinacea, C. purpurea and C. villosa), using DNA sequences of tubB and tefA genes. In addition, microsatellite markers were obtained from a larger set of isolates from B. sylvaticum sampled across Europe. Based on phylogenetic analyses the isolates from Brachypodium hosts were placed in three different subclades within the Epichloë typhina complex (ETC) but did not strictly group according to host grass species, suggesting that the host does not always select for particular endophyte genotypes. Analysis of microsatellite markers confirmed the presence of genetically distinct lineages of Epichloë sylvatica on B. sylvaticum, which appeared to be tied to different modes of reproduction (sexual or asexual). Among isolates from Calamagrostis hosts, two subclades were detected which were placed outside ETC. These endophyte lineages are recognized as distinct species for which we propose the names E. calamagrostidis Leuchtm. & Schardl, sp. nov. and E. ftanensis Leuchtm. & A.D. Treindl, sp. nov. This study extends knowledge of the phylogeny and evolutionary diversification of Epichloë endophytes that are symbionts of wild Brachypodium and Calamagrostis host grasses.
Частини книг з теми "Cool-Tied"
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Tschirhart, Mary, and Huang Chen. "Military-to-Civilian Transition Through Credentials." In Handbook of Research on Credential Innovations for Inclusive Pathways to Professions, 178–93. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3820-3.ch009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter reviews the United States COOL programs' promotion of certification during military employment to support transition to civilian employment and the CareerOneStop platform which profiles certifications. Some certifications on CareerOneStop have a designation from COOL indicating relevance to military workers. The chapter presents analyses showing that certain types of certifications are more likely to have a military designation than others. In brief, the designation is more likely for accredited and industry-recognized certifications and those tied to occupations with lower annual median wages and predictions of decrease and increase in employment versus a more stable trajectory. Some occupations also significantly differ in the likelihood of a military designation for certifications tied to it. The authors close with a discussion of recommendations including additional questions for consideration.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cool-Tied"
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Kirsch, Kathryn L., and Karen A. Thole. "Numerical Optimization, Characterization, and Experimental Investigation of Additively Manufactured Communicating Microchannels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The degree of complexity in internal cooling designs is tied to the capabilities of the manufacturing process. Additive manufacturing grants designers increased freedom while offering adequate reproducibility of micro-sized, unconventional features that can be used to cool the skin of gas turbine components. One such desirable feature can be sourced from nature; a common characteristic of natural transport systems is a network of communicating channels. In an effort to create an engineered design that utilizes the benefits of those natural systems, the current study presents wavy microchannels that were connected using branches. Two different wavelength baseline configurations were designed, then each were numerically optimized using a commercial adjoint-based method. Three objective functions were posed to (1) minimize pressure loss, (2) maximize heat transfer, and (3) maximize the ratio of heat transfer to pressure loss. All baseline and optimized microchannels were manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion for experimental investigation; pressure loss and heat transfer data were collected over a range of Reynolds numbers. The additive manufacturing process reproduced the desired optimized geometries faithfully. Surface roughness, however, strongly influenced the experimental results; successful replication of the intended flow and heat transfer performance was tied to the optimized design intent. Even still, certain test coupons yielded performances that correlated well with the simulation results.
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Clark, Robert A., Mingxuan Shi, Jonathan Gladin, and Dimitri Mavris. "Design and Analysis of an Aircraft Thermal Management System Linked to a Low-Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58942.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The design of an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) that is capable of rejecting heat loads into the bypass stream of a typical low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, or a ram-air stream, is investigated. The TMS consists of an air cycle system (ACS), which is similar to the typical air cycle machines (ACMs) used on current aircraft, both military and commercial. This system turbocharges compressor bleed air and uses heat exchangers in a ram air stream or the engine bypass stream to cool the engine bleed air prior to expanding it to low temperatures suitable for heat rejection. In this study, a simple low-bypass ratio afterburning turbofan engine was modeled in NPSS to provide boundary conditions to the TMS system throughout the flight envelope of a typical military fighter aircraft. The engine was sized to produce sea level static (SLS) thrust roughly equivalent to that of an F-35-class engine. Two different variations of the TMS system, a ram air cooled and a bypass air cooled, were sized to handle a given demanded aircraft heat load, which might include environmental control system (ECS) loads, avionics cooling loads, weapons system loads, or other miscellaneous loads. The architecture and modeling of the TMS is described in detail, and the ability of the sized TMS to reject these demanded aircraft loads throughout several key off-design points was analyzed, along with the impact of ACS engine bleeds on engine thrust and fuel consumption. A comparison is made between the cooling capabilities of the ram-air stream versus the engine bypass stream, along with the benefits and drawbacks of each cooling stream. It is observed that the maximum load dissipation capability of the TMS is tied directly to the amount of engine bleed flow, while the level of bleed flow required is set by the temperature conditions imposed by the aircraft cooling system and the heat transfer fluid used in the ACS thermal transport bus. Furthermore, the higher bypass stream temperatures significantly limit the thermodynamic viability and capability of a TMS designed with bypass air as the ultimate heat sink. The results demonstrate the advantage that adaptive, variable cycle engines (VCEs) may have for future military aircraft designs, as they combine the best features of the two TMS architectures that were studied here.
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Kiertkul, Suphawat, and Korn Saranyasoontorn. "Overcoming Flow Assurance Challenges of the First Deepwater Gas Field in Malaysia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22824-ea.
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Abstract Block H, located in 1,300 meters of water depth at offshore Sabah, consists of Rotan and Buluh fields. The subsea trees, jumpers, manifold, umbilicals, risers and flowlines were installed and tied-back to an FLNG facility. The objective of this project was to develop most practical and effective solutions to overcome flow assurance challenges owing to low seabed temperature and high-pressure gas to achieve 1st gas from the first deepwater gas field in Malaysia. A model was built in OLGA software with all field conditions to run simulations and predict process parameters at every critical point in subsea wells, risers and flowlines as well as topside facilities. Besides, all constraints from the subsea wells, jumpers, risers and flowlines all the way to topside inlet receiving facilities were carefully reviewed and optimized with an abundance of caution to determine the stepwise approach by utilizing the high-pressure gas from wells to remove around 1,000 m3 of pre-filled MEG fluid out of the flowline, called ‘DeMEG operation’ before feeding gas to LNG process operations. With 200-230 barg pressures from deepwater gas wells and 2-4°C temperature at seabed as well as pre-existing water content in saturated gas given by reservoir aquifer, this start-up operation would expect to be in the hydrate zone. One of the unavoidable potential consequences was a hydrate formation and could result in plugging of jumpers, risers or even flowlines. The DeMEG operation results indicated the lowest temperature at the downstream of the subsea choke was −23°C due to Joule-Thompson cooling during the cold start. One mitigation strategy was to inject a batch of MeOH at the subsea wellhead until the temperature is above the hydrate point. After the gas flowed along the flowlines, it would cool down to the seabed temperature during the steady state condition. Hence, additional mitigation was to continuously inject Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) as another thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor mixed with gas stream. The MEG affixed water molecules and thus deterred them from forming a cage around gas molecules to prevent hydrate formation. A multi-stage DeMEG operation was carefully planned to overcome liquid handling capacity at topside and eventually executed at offshore until the remaining MEG in the flowline was as low as reasonably practical to proceed with gas production from the field. With an excellent collaboration from the team and proper planning, the DeMEG solution together with hydrate mitigation strategy were proven to be effective and the commissioning operation was successfully completed as per the plan until the 1st gas was achieved on 6-Feb-21 and supplied to FLNG. The 1st LNG drop subsequently came in 7 days later. This field has increased production volume around 270MMSCFD, equivalent to 45,000 barrels of oil per day to PTTEP and JV partners.