Статті в журналах з теми "Coober Pedy"

Objective: The present paper aims to provide an overview of the Medical Specialist Outreach Assistance Programme (MSOAP) and its implementation in South Australia with particular reference to the expansion of visiting psychiatric services to rural and remote areas. Included is a discussion of a number of the practical issues and challenges experienced by the author in the development of a visiting psychiatric service to the remote community of Coober Pedy in northern South Australia. Conclusions: There has been much success to date with the expansion of visiting psychiatric services to rural and remote areas within South Australia under MSOAP. MSOAP appears to have considerable merit, particularly for psychiatrists working in private practice. There are several practical issues to be considered in taking on this type of work. The professional rewards are substantial.

Development of Power Electronics devices (PED) made renewable energy generation of power more feasible than that of traditional power plant generation. In India, Tamil Nadu the major source of renewable generation is come from Wind generation. Due to PED, heat generated is the Major issues in wind power generation, which consequence in terrible combustion accidents and disasters. Cooling system such as compressor based cooling scheme or two phases cooling is provided in addition to natural air cooling. The major disadvantages of the scheme are their volume, requirement of large power supplies and frequent chance to catch fire. Currently, using Thermo-electric coolers (TEC) called Peltier modules to provide cooling in wind power plant. Only after the system has reached massive temperature levels can it excavates the heat. The proposed method using predictive time domain algorithm the cooling process initiated in prepone manner. As soon as heat go up the system will detected and switched on cooling in predictive manner which can avoid the system to reach the maximum temperature. By using IoT, the system can monitor the temperature level and make use of predictive cooling technology over the surfaces without any delay time.

This paper describes the complementarity of high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed electrochemical detection (HPAEC-PED) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to evaluate commercial available fructans (fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulins), having different degrees of polymerization (DP) which are usually employed by food industry as functional ingredients either for their prebiotic properties or as a fat replacer, giving a fat-like mouth feel and texture. The developed HPAEC-PED methods are able to analyze FOS (fructans with DP 3–10) and inulins (DP ranging from 3 to 80) with a good resolution and relatively short retention times to evaluate structural differences between fructooligosaccharide and inulins and the possible presence of inulooligosaccharides as well as of branching. To characterize FOS and inulin at different degrees of polymerization and to assure correct molecular assignment, MALDI-TOF MS analysis was also investigated. The 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2,5-DHB) was found to be the best matrix for FOS analysis as Actilight and Raftilose P95 products, while 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ) seems to be the best matrix for inulin with higher DP. The applicability of the optimized methods to the identification and determination of FOS contained in a symbiotic milk as well as a type of inulin added as functional ingredient to a cooked ham is demonstrated.

Skeletal abnormalities in patients with homozygous β thalassemia have been noted as early as 1927 by Cooley et al1 and have been the subject of many reviews.2-5 Abnormalities have been observed in the entire skeletal system, especially the skull and the mandible, giving the patients a characteristic appearance. Bone changes cause mainly expansion of the medullary cavity, subperiosteal overgrowth of the bones of the skull, and cortical thinning with porous rarefaction of the long bones. Although most of the bone abnormalities in inadequately transfused thalassemic patients result from the overgrowth of the bone marrow, hypoparathyroidism and vitamin C deficiency occasionally occur and may cause bone deformities.6,7

If you already find talking with parents about injury prevention a frustrating exercise, you may not want to read the article on bucket-related drowning published in this issues of Pediatrics.1 However, for readers, the article will strike a familiar chord. Bucket drownings are reminiscent of other serious or fatal injuries occurring in superficially benign circumstances: children becoming entrapped in household appliances and picnic coolers,2 children and adults suffering serious and fatal injuries from toothpicks,3 and teenagers being crushed to death beneath commercial soda-vending machines.4 Now, add to this list reports of injury associated with more hostile-appearing fixtures and products: entrapment by electrically operated garage doors,5 piercing skull injuries due to law darts,6 and esophageal burns caused by caustic pipeline cleaner used on dairy farms.7

We evaluated the metabolic response to the thermal demands of an open radiant warmer device, as distinct from convection incubator, in 13 healthy pre-mature infants (1,395 ± 169 g, 28 ± 12 days of age, mean ± SD). Metabolic rate was 10% higher for infants under the radiant warmer than in the incubator (2.60 ± 0.4 v 2.36 ± 0.3 kcal/kg/h; P < .05). The radiant warmer also induced a small (4%), but significant, increase in nonprotein respiratory quotient (0.94 ± 0.1 v 0.90 ± 0.1; P < .05) and a 13% increase in carbon dioxide production (8.26 ± 1.1 v 7.31 ± 1.1 mL/kg/min; P < .05). Subcutaneous fat accumulation (estimated from 60-second skin-fold thickness measurements) was greater under the radiant warmer than in the incubator (0.08 ± 0.05 v 0.04 ± 0.04 mm/d; P < .05). Under the warmer, the infant's mean skin temperatures and core temperatures were normal and similar to those found in the incubator, but the foot temperature was on average 0.6°C cooler. The average rate of weight gain (18 g/kg/d) was the same in the radiant environment. The pattern of the elevated metabolic rate, shift of respiratory quotient coupled with the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, and cool extremities of infants under the radiant warmer may represent a physiologic adaptive response to thermal stress. However, the reasons for the elevated metabolic rate are unclear, because activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the release of catecholamines is not apparently involved. We speculate that change in metabolic activity is more likely related to alterations in sleep and/or behavior patterns in the exposed environment. Given this relatively short-term study of healthy premature infants receiving an excellent caloric intake (120 kcal/kg/d), we conclude that radiant warmers produce no short-term metabolic complications or adverse effects on growth. Although the clinical importance of elevated metabolic rates in infants under radiant warmers is currently uncertain, our data suggest the need for caution in the long-term use of these devices.

It began in 1898 as a health nostrum for the rich, but it soon would become the food for the masses and make its inventors household names. The corn flake was developed by Will K. and John H. Kellogg at their Battle Creek, Mich., sanitarium, a health resort run under the auspices of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Since 1876, the Kelloggs had offered ground wheat and other "natural" foods to wealthy patrons. But the trouble with many grainbased health foods, then as now, was that they lacked taste, or even tasted bitter. To solve the problem, the Kelloggs steamed the corn kernel's grit, or heart, from its hull, dried the grit, then cooked it under pressure, adding malt flavoring and sugar. This mix was then dried and "flaked" by passing it through rollers. The flakes were a hit with the clients of the "San," as it was called; one, C.W. Post, would later offer his own brand of corn flakes to the public. In 1906, Will Kellogg founded the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co. and began promoting corn flakes aggressively; he did so over the objections of his physician brother, who believed that advertising the flakes violated medical ethics. (Will later was expelled from the Adventist church for worldliness, and he and his brother quit speaking in 1909). An ad in the July 1906 Ladies' Home Journal for W.K. Kellogg's corn flakes brought a flood of new orders, and output at Battle Creek soared to 2,900 cases a day from 33 a day earlier in the year. Today, there are some 200 brands competing in the $5-billion-a-year U.S. dried-cereal market. At the top is Kellogg's Corn Flakes.

The aim is to realize a Q&P (Quenching and Partitioning) process for a hot forged component made of low-alloyed advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) 42MnSiCr. One advantage of this steel is the low alloy concept which is cost-effective. After forging, the component is cooled down to room temperature with a subsequent heat treatment to achieve the characteristic microstructure with martensite and retained austenite. The material is annealed and then quenched to just above the martensite finish temperature (MF-temperature). Hence, in the martensitic matrix about 10 to 15% retained austenite is included. Finally, the Q&Ped material is artificially aged at 250 °C to support the diffusion process of carbon from the over-saturated martensite into the austenite. Thereby, mechanical properties of 2000 MPa for tensile strength with fracture strains of 10% can be achieved. This paper provides details of the process and material behavior for a reduction of the process chain. The goal is to develop a technology for the quenching and partitioning treatment of forged components by using the thermal energy from forging. Ideally, the quenching step should be performed in the forming dies just above the MF-temperature with additional holding on the temperature level. The majority of forged parts have different cross sections. Therefore, the cooling conditions are inhomogeneous in each cross section of the components. This cooling behavior was analyzed in laboratory tests with a forged part. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficients were determined for different cooling media (water, air). The cooling technology was experimentally and numerically simulated in a first step for the conventional process chain (forging, cooling to room temperature, austenitisation, quenching, artificial ageing) and correlated with the microstructural evolution in combination with the component’s mechanical properties.

Representation of Aboriginality in National Geographic In trafficking images of cultural difference, National Geographic has an unrivalled worldwide reach to over 37 million people per issue. Over the past 25 years, 48 photographs of Aboriginal Australians have appeared in 11 articles in the magazine. This article first examines how the magazine has exoticised, naturalised and sexualised Aboriginal Australians. By deploying the standard evolutionary model, National Geographic typically represents Aboriginal Australians as Black savages relegated to the Stone Age. In the remote outback "Arnhem Land Aboriginals Cling to the Dreamtime" (Scollay & Tweedie 645). In "Journey into Dreamtime" (Arden & Abell 8) an Aboriginal man is "triumphant with his kill of a wild turkey [and] leads a small group of Aborigines who have returned to some of the old ways of their nomadic ancestors in the Great Sandy Desert". The article concludes that the Stone Age encounter with modernity depicted in the magazine became a journey through time from location past to location present. Exoticisation The world of the Aboriginal Australians is male through the eyes of National Geographic. This stems from the Western cultural pattern that assigns things masculine to the cultural and things feminine to the natural realm (Ortner). The male Aboriginal performer of an initiation ritual in "Leapingin tribute" (Scollay & Tweedie 656-7) is represented as rooted in tradition and living in a sacred yet superstitious world. Portraits abound of men with painted faces, as in "Surging energy" (Scollay & Tweedie 648). Male finery and self-display become salient markers, Aboriginal "Boys summon courage" in male initiation focussing on bloodletting (Scollay & Tweedie 656). Such images convey the impression that the region is one of nature, taboo, danger and adventure and that it is a land out of time. The enchantment with ritual stems from it being a key to the past and indicative of photographer and writer having travelled through space to travel through time, similar to the connection made by Victorian evolutionary anthropologists last century (see Fabian). Naturalisation The naturalised Aboriginal Australians appearing in National Geographic are characterised by having timeless societies and personalities, what Wolf identifies as people without history. Routine location narratives naturalise Aboriginal Australians through their remote landscapes and seascapes ("blazing bushfire", Scollay & Tweedie 652-3; "conjuring an image as old as his ancestors", "scorched in one season, sodden in the next" Newman & Abell 3-9). In the West the cultural appropriation of nature is the object of labour, whereas for Aboriginal Australians it is the subject of labour. Aboriginal men are hunters ("triumphant with his kill", Arden & Abell 9; "the earth and sea of their own accord furnish them with all the things necessary for life", Newman & Abell 14-5). Thus, in National Geographic the productive world of work further naturalises the Aboriginal 'Other'. Sexualisation Naked Black women provide the hallmark National Geographic imagery of the sexualized 'Other'. By purveying the nude Aboriginal female, the magazine develops Western ideas about race, gender and sexuality, subcategorised in each case as black, female and unrepressed (Lutz & Collins 115). Women are white, men are Black and Black women are invisible in popular visual representations of motherhood in Western culture. In trafficking in photographs of Black women for an overwhelmingly white readership, National Geographic is clearly linking narrative threads of gender and race (Lutz & Collins166). As the readers' gaze focusses on the Aboriginal child they become the site for dealing with racial anxieties through creating the Black love object ("an appetite for learning", Scollay & Tweedie 654; "mud mates", Ellis & Austen 8-9). National Geographic's nickname for mother-child photos is 'tits and tots' (Meltzer) and they are a romantic staple in the magazine. Aboriginal mothering in "marriages of diplomacy" is idealised as the foundation of human social life (Scollay & Tweedie 650-1). However, with "seven of Johnny Bungawuy's 11 wives and a handful of his 52 children" this marriage is exotic enough to make cultural difference an issue because it depicts the unusually large number of plural marriage partners available to Aboriginal men in their practice of polygyny. The attribution of erotic qualities and sexual license to Aboriginal women is a result of displaying their bodies for close examination. The naked Aboriginal women in "marriages of diplomacy" represent the nude stylised as ethnographic fact (Scollay & Tweedie 650-1). The addition of a woman in the "marriages of diplomacy" photograph commoditises the practice of polygyny and illustrates that women have traditionally been seen as objects to be possessed, owned and adornments to the lives of men (Pollack). Location Past to Location Present Idealisation of the Aboriginal 'Other' allows for detemporalisation to be played out in alluring images of a simpler, natural Aboriginal world only now tentatively facing the throes of modernisation. Social Darwinism counterpoises superstition/ritual with science/technology and darker skin/exotic clothes with lighter skin/Western clothes. The Aboriginal guide bearing a "striking resemblance to his counterpart on the Burke-Wills journey" facilitates a form of ancestor worship that relates to what Rosaldo calls imperialist nostalgia for the passing of what we ourselves have destroyed (Judge & Scherschel 165). Photographs of the Aboriginal Australians are organised into a story about cultural evolution couched in normative discourse of modernisation and development as progress. In photographs contrasting the premodern with the modern the commodity stands for the future: "soda, soap, and spears in the arms of an [Aboriginal] father and daughter demonstrate their coexistence with white society" (Scollay & Tweedie 662). While for the Aboriginal father in "keeping faith with past and future" his "son enters an era that will inevitably propel his people into modern society" (MacLeish & Nebbia 171). Commodities in these contrasting representations are to be seen simply as a stage on the way to Westernisation. Dynamism, change and agency are apportioned to the Western centre, while Aboriginal Australians are just responding to the onslaught of modernisation on the periphery. Aboriginal masculinisation of modernity is situated in a series of photographs depicting the expansive frontier outback where Aboriginal stockmen are content to muster the cattle of white station owners. In "boiling the red dust" the Aboriginal stockman strums his guitar but sometimes "lapses into tradition and roams on walkabout" (Walker & Scherschel 457). Another Aboriginal stockman, in "saga of beef or bust", "uses his tracking ability to run down strays and cleanskins -- unbranded beasts" (MacLeish & Nebbia 161). "Other than his boots and a jug of water all he owns is rolled into the swag", the Aboriginal stockman must compete with the modern helicopter ("pesky as a giant fly", MacLeish & Stanfield 165); alternatively, "with a wager on the line, an Aboriginal stockman whoops it up at the annual Bedourie Race Meeting" (Ellis & Austen 3). The idealised image is one of the rugged yet happy lives of the Aboriginal stockman in transition to modernity. Social evolutionary theory "saw women in non-Western societies as oppressed and servile creatures, beasts of burden, chattels who could be bought and sold, eventually to be liberated by 'civilisation' or 'progress', thus attaining the enviable position of women in Western society" (Etienne & Leacock 1). Aboriginal feminisation of modernity is told through stories about the premodern helpmate to husband work of Aboriginal women. "Sharing a 'cuppa' at the start of their day" is gendered with vulnerability, primitivity, superstition and the constraints of tradition (Newman & Abell 24-5). The ambivalent message represented in "sharing a 'cuppa' at the start of their day" is complicated by the Aboriginal woman's stockman partner being white. Western ideological understanding of women's work has changed since WWII from helpmate to husband to self-realisation and independence (Chafe). However, images of Aboriginal women in modern work are conspicuously absent. Dispossessed Aboriginal prospectors earn money by 'yandying' ("Paddy Blair's no Irishman", MacLeish & Stanfield 166) -- "winnowing by tossing handfuls of ore into the wind to separate dirt from tin or gold" and 'noodling' -- "poking through rubble" ("selling water and renting bulldozers", Moore & Tweedie 569). Abject "down-and-outs addicted to cheap, poisonous wood alcohol" end up as dispossessed fringe-dwelling 'goomies' in Redfern ("matron saint", Starbird & Madden 224-5). Resistance through situationally motivated undertaking by Indigenous people against expropriation of land and resources is rarely represented in the media (see Drinnon), and National Geographic first attempts such a representation in the 1980s with "heads of several clans" (Scollay & Tweedie 653). Aboriginal men attempt to block a government mining survey crew. But the six Aboriginal men gaze off in different directions and only one is clearly focussed on something in the frame, thus the assembled men assume a disconnected, uncoordinated look. In the 1990s National Geographic story "The Uneasy Magic of Australia's Cape York Peninsula", Aboriginality is equated with caring for the land (Newman & Abell). Aboriginal peoples of Cape York Peninsula are portrayed as conservators valuable for their preservation of biocultural diversity ("the richlytextured landscape", Newman & Abell 17). Aboriginal "white sand people" of Cape York Peninsula are "on a sacred mission" when they "return an ancestor's skull to their homeland at Shelbourne Bay (Newman & Abell 32-3). After years of frustrated efforts to win back their lost domain, the peninsula's native people are at last gaining ground". Aboriginal Australian uses of land and resources are idealised as non-destructive and caring in contrast to rapacious postcolonial development aggression. National Geographic images of Aboriginal Australians have moved from the exoticised, naturalised and sexualised location past. Images in the location present of Cape York mirror the postcolonial transition from Aboriginal dispossession informed by terra nullius to their contemporary empowerment informed by native title. References Arden, H., and S. Abell. "Journey into Dreamtime: The Land of Northwest Australia." National Geographic 179 (Jan. 1991): 8-42. Chafe, W. "Social Change and the American Woman, 1940-70". A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. Eds. W. Chafe and H. Sitkoff. New York: Oxford UP, 1983. 157-65. Drinnon, R. Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian Hating and Empire Building. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1980. Ellis, W., and D. Austen. "Queensland: Broad Shoulder of Australia." National Geographic 169 (Jan. 1986): 2-39. Etienne, M. and E. Leacock, eds. Women and Colonisation: Anthropological Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1980. Fabian, J. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia UP, 1983. Judge, J., and J. Scherschel. "The Journey of Burke and Wills: First across Australia." National Geographic Feb. (1979): 52-91. Lutz, C., and J. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993. MacLeish, K., and T. Nebbia. "The Top End Down Under." National Geographic Feb. (1993): 143-73. MacLeish, K. and J. Stanfield. "Western Australia: The Big Country." National Geographic Feb. (1975): 147-87. Meltzer, M. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer's Life. NewYork: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978. Moore, K., and P. Tweedie. "Coober Pedy: Opal Capital of Australia's Outback." National Geographic Oct. (1976): 560-71. Newman, C., and S. Abell. "The Uneasy Magic of Australia's Cape York Peninsula." National Geographic June (1996 ): 2-33. Ortner, S. "Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?" Woman, Culture, and Society. Eds. M. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1974. 67-88. Pollack, G. "What's Wrong with Images of Women?" Looking On: Images of Femininity in the Visual Arts and the Media. Ed. R. Betterton. London: Pandora, 1987. 40-8. Rosaldo, R. Culture and Truth. Boston: Beacon P, 1989. Scollay, C., and P. Tweedie. "Arnhem Land Aboriginals Cling to the Dreamtime." National Geographic Nov. (1980): 645-61. Starbird, E., and R. Madden. "Sydney: Big, Breezy, and a Bloomin' Good Show." National Geographic Feb. (1979): 211-36. Walker, H., and J. Scherschel. "South Australia, Gateway to the Great Outback." National Geographic April (1970): 441-81. Wolf, E. Europe and the People without History.Berkeley: U of California P, 1982. Citation reference for this article MLA style: David Hyndman. "Postcolonial Representation of Aboriginal Australian Culture: Location Past to Location Present in National Geographic." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.2 (2000). [your date of access] <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/geo.php>. Chicago style: David Hyndman, "Postcolonial Representation of Aboriginal Australian Culture: Location Past to Location Present in National Geographic," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3, no. 2 (2000), <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/geo.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: David Hyndman. (2000) Postcolonial representation of Aboriginal Australian culture: location past to location present in National Geographic. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3(2). <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/geo.php> ([your date of access]).