Статті в журналах: "Convex Service Costs"

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Baligo, Anil Kumar. "Minimizing User Costs in Multi-Broker Mobile Cloud Computing Networks." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2302.

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The success and disruption of cloud computing over the past few years is unparalleled.In order to quickly allocate or reallocate virtual computing as well as storage resources, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers offer commercially accessible services that enable scaling out or in computing capabilities in response to changing needs.Users can provide new apps using IaaS services without having to manage the supporting infrastructure. In this study, the system takes into account an MCC model in which several brokers allot cloud resources to mobile consumers. The approach is distinguished by a heterogeneous cloud architecture and by the many cloud service providers' pricing models. Both a public cloud and a cloudlet are part of it. A competitive strategy and a compete-then-cooperate approach are investigated by the system as a performance bound. The computer creates a cooperative issue with the restriction that none broker should be required to shell out beyond the dispute price, with the objective of lowering the overall average broker price. The system uses a mix of the branch and bound paradigm with sophisticated convex relaxation techniques to develop a novel globally optimum solution algorithm to handle the ensuing non-convex cooperative issue.

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Gurvich, Itay, and Ward Whitt. "Scheduling Flexible Servers with Convex Delay Costs in Many-Server Service Systems." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 11, no. 2 (April 2009): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.1070.0211.

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Glazebrook, K. D., R. R. Lumley, and P. S. Ansell. "Index Heuristics for Multiclass M/G/1 Systems with Nonpreemptive Service and Convex Holding Costs." Queueing Systems 45, no. 2 (October 2003): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026060405346.

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Weber, Richard R., and Shaler Stidham. "Optimal control of service rates in networks of queues." Advances in Applied Probability 19, no. 1 (March 1987): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427380.

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We prove a monotonicity result for the problem of optimal service rate control in certain queueing networks. Consider, as an illustrative example, a number of ·/M/1 queues which are arranged in a cycle with some number of customers moving around the cycle. A holding cost hi(xi) is charged for each unit of time that queue i contains xi customers, with hi being convex. As a function of the queue lengths the service rate at each queue i is to be chosen in the interval , where cost ci(μ) is charged for each unit of time that the service rate μis in effect at queue i. It is shown that the policy which minimizes the expected total discounted cost has a monotone structure: namely, that by moving one customer from queue i to the following queue, the optimal service rate in queue i is not increased and the optimal service rates elsewhere are not decreased. We prove a similar result for problems of optimal arrival rate and service rate control in general queueing networks. The results are extended to an average-cost measure, and an example is included to show that in general the assumption of convex holding costs may not be relaxed. A further example shows that the optimal policy may not be monotone unless the choice of possible service rates at each queue includes 0.

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Weber, Richard R., and Shaler Stidham. "Optimal control of service rates in networks of queues." Advances in Applied Probability 19, no. 01 (March 1987): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800016451.

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We prove a monotonicity result for the problem of optimal service rate control in certain queueing networks. Consider, as an illustrative example, a number of ·/M/1 queues which are arranged in a cycle with some number of customers moving around the cycle. A holding cost hi (xi ) is charged for each unit of time that queue i contains xi customers, with hi being convex. As a function of the queue lengths the service rate at each queue i is to be chosen in the interval , where cost ci (μ) is charged for each unit of time that the service rate μis in effect at queue i. It is shown that the policy which minimizes the expected total discounted cost has a monotone structure: namely, that by moving one customer from queue i to the following queue, the optimal service rate in queue i is not increased and the optimal service rates elsewhere are not decreased. We prove a similar result for problems of optimal arrival rate and service rate control in general queueing networks. The results are extended to an average-cost measure, and an example is included to show that in general the assumption of convex holding costs may not be relaxed. A further example shows that the optimal policy may not be monotone unless the choice of possible service rates at each queue includes 0.

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Liu, Chunyu, Heli Zhang, Xi Li, and Hong Ji. "Dynamic Rendering-Aware VR Service Module Placement Strategy in MEC Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 18, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1237619.

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Combining multiaccess edge computing (MEC) technology and wireless virtual reality (VR) game is a promising computing paradigm. Offloading the rendering tasks to the edge node can make up for the lack of computing resources of mobile devices. However, the current offloading works ignored that when rendering is enabled at the MEC server, the rendering operation depends heavily on the environment deployed on this MEC serve. In this paper, we propose a dynamically rendering-aware service module placement scheme for wireless VR games over the MEC networks. In this scheme, the rendering tasks of VR games are offloaded to the MEC server and closely coupled with service module placement. At the same time, to further optimize the end-to-end latency of VR video delivery, the routing delay of the rendered VR video stream and the costs of the service module migration are jointly considered with the proposed placement scheme. The goal of this scheme is to minimize the sum of the network costs over a long time under satisfying the delay constraint of each player. We model our strategy as a high-order, nonconvex, and time-varying function. To solve this problem, we transform the placement problem into the min-cut problem by constructing a series of auxiliary graphs. Then, we propose a two-stage iterative algorithm based on convex optimization and graphs theory to solve our object function. Finally, extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can ensure low end-to-end latency for players and low network costs over the other baseline algorithms.

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Long, Zhenghua, Nahum Shimkin, Hailun Zhang та Jiheng Zhang. "Dynamic Scheduling of Multiclass Many-Server Queues with Abandonment: The Generalized cμ/h Rule". Operations Research 68, № 4 (липень 2020): 1218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1908.

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In “Dynamic Scheduling of Multiclass Many-Server Queues with Abandonment: The Generalized cμ/h Rule,” Long, Shimkin, Zhang, and Zhang propose three scheduling policies to cope with any general cost functions and general patience-time distributions. Their first contribution is to introduce the target-allocation policy, which assigns higher priority to customer classes with larger deviation from the desired allocation of the service capacity and prove its optimality for any general queue-length cost functions and patience-time distributions. The Gcμ/h rule, which extends the well-known Gcμ rule by taking abandonment into account, is shown to be optimal for the case of convex queue-length costs and nonincreasing hazard rates of patience. For the case of concave queue-length costs but nondecreasing hazard rates of patience, it is optimal to apply a fixed-priority policy, and a knapsack-like problem is developed to determine the optimal priority order efficiently.

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Han, Dongsheng, Tao Liu, and Yincheng Qi. "Optimization of Mixed Energy Supply of IoT Network Based on Matching Game and Convex Optimization." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 5458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195458.

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The interaction capability provided by the Internet of Things (IoT) significantly increases communication between human and machine, changing our lives gradually. However, the abundant constructions of 5G small base stations (SBSs) and large-scaled access of IoT terminal equipment (TE) will surely cause a dramatic increase in energy expense costs of a wireless communication system. In this study, we designed a bilateral random model of TE allocation and energy decisions in IoT, and proposed a mixed energy supply algorithm based on a matching game and convex optimization to minimize the energy expense cost of the wireless communication system in IoT. This study divided the problem of minimizing energy expense cost of the system into two steps. First, the random allocation problem of TEs in IoT was modeled to a matching game problem. This step is to obtain the TE matching scheme that minimizes the energy consumption of the whole system on the basis of guaranteeing the quality of service of TEs. Second, the energy decision problem of SBS was modeled into a convex optimization problem. The energy purchase scheme of SBSs with the minimum energy expense cost of the system was obtained by solving the optimal solution of the convex optimization. According to the simulation results, the proposed mixed energy supply scheme can decrease the energy expense cost of the system effectively.

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Argon, Nilay Tanik, Li Ding, Kevin D. Glazebrook, and Serhan Ziya. "DYNAMIC ROUTING OF CUSTOMERS WITH GENERAL DELAY COSTS IN A MULTISERVER QUEUING SYSTEM." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 23, no. 2 (February 16, 2009): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964809000138.

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We consider a network of parallel service stations each modeled as a single-server queue. Each station serves its own dedicated customers as well as generic customers who are routed from a central controller. We suppose that the cost incurred by a customer is an increasing function of her time spent in the system. In a significant advance on most previous work, we do not require waiting costs to be convex, still less linear. With the objective of minimizing the long-run average waiting cost, we develop two heuristic routing policies, one of which is based on dynamic programming policy improvement and the other on Lagrangian relaxation. In developing the latter policy, we show that each station is “indexable” under mild conditions for customers’ waiting costs and also prove some structural results on the admission control problem that naturally arises as a result of the Lagrangian relaxation. We then test the performance of our heuristics in an extensive numerical study and show that the Lagrangian heuristic demonstrates a strong level of performance in a range of traffic conditions. In particular, it clearly outperforms both a greedy heuristic, which is a standard proposal in complex routing problems, and a recent proposal from the heavy traffic literature.

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Rotkegel, Marek, Łukasz Szot, Michał Kapała, and Marek Dras. "New construction of rail for underground suspended monorails as an example of typification for deep mining transport in the mines of JSW SA." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_05_04.

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The article describes the course of design work, leading to the implementation of a new construction of suspended rails rails for the needs of mines belonging to the Jastrzębska Coal Company. The aim of the works, which was one of the stages of the typification of mining excavation equipment within JSW SA, was to improve the material management within the Company, reduce the production costs of rails, improve their anti-corrosion properties and extend the service life of the track. The design of the new construction was also characterized by easy construction, high straightness of the rail and also the possibility of easy adaptation to the increased speed of transport by suspended rail. The overriding objective of all activities is to reduce the cost of extraction. The design work was carried out using a feedback loop, taking into account the necessary corrections in the subsequent stages, resulting from the results of the strength calculations, laboratory tests and comments of the representatives of JSW SA. The final part of the work was the production of a prototype batch of rails, with the load capacity in accordance with the provisions of the applicable regulations, as well as the usable properties corresponding to the needs of mines JSW SA. JSW SA rails, according to the GIG documentation, are available in several variants: straight rails, curved rails, concave or convex rails and transition rails. The JSW rail system is a complement to the JSW rail system, including suspension, pull-outs, turnouts, locks, and track stops from third-party systems that comply with the JSW system's compatibility and compatibility criteria.

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11

Goudarzi, Pejman, Mehdi Hosseinpour, Roham Goudarzi, and Jaime Lloret. "Holistic Utility Satisfaction in Cloud Data CentreNetwork Using Reinforcement Learning." Future Internet 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14120368.

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Cloud computing leads to efficient resource allocation for network users. In order to achieve efficient allocation, many research activities have been conducted so far. Some researchers focus on classical optimisation theory techniques (such as multi-objective optimisation, evolutionary optimisation, game theory, etc.) to satisfy network providers and network users’ service-level agreement (SLA) requirements. Normally, in a cloud data centre network (CDCN), it is difficult to jointly satisfy both the cloud provider and cloud customer’ utilities, and this leads to complex combinatorial problems, which are usually NP-hard. Recently, machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques have received much attention from the networking community because of their capability to solve complicated networking problems. In the current work, at first, the holistic utility satisfaction for the cloud data centre provider and customers is formulated as a reinforcement learning (RL) problem with a specific reward function, which is a convex summation of users’ utility functions and cloud provider’s utility. The user utility functions are modelled as a function of cloud virtualised resources (such as storage, CPU, RAM), connection bandwidth, and also, the network-based expected packet loss and round-trip time factors associated with the cloud users. The cloud provider utility function is modelled as a function of resource prices and energy dissipation costs. Afterwards, a Q-learning implementation of the mentioned RL algorithm is introduced, which is able to converge to the optimal solution in an online and fast manner. The simulation results exhibit the enhanced convergence speed and computational complexity properties of the proposed method in comparison with similar approaches from the joint cloud customer/provider utility satisfaction perspective. To evaluate the scalability property of the proposed method, the results are also repeated for different cloud user population scenarios (small, medium, and large).

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12

Macek, Daniel. "A Tool for Evaluating Public Procurement in the Context of Life Cycle Costs." International Journal of Economic Sciences 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.006.

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The paper deals with the issue of selection procedures. The goal is to show how it is possible to incorporate a view of life cycle costs into the tender process, and not only deal with the aspect of investment costs. The paper is proposed by the Life Cycle Cost Inspector (LCCI). LCCI divides investment opportunities into individual components with their own operating characteristics and costs, allowing for a clear comparison of different investment alternatives. The tool considers acquisition costs, operating costs, and disposal costs over a specific period. LCCI also allows for reverse evaluation, where investment costs are modified based on efficiency. The tool's universality enables its use across various sectors, not just the construction industry. The author aims to shift public practice from tendering "on price" to "tendering on quality" by providing a simple methodology for comparing investment options based on the entire life cycle costs. The application is based on the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) standard issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).

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Kinory, Ethan, and Joseph Canada. "The Impact of Mutual Monitoring and Enterprise System Integration on the Empowerment of Managers." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 16, no. 2 (April 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2020040101.

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Companies are increasingly adopting enterprise systems in order to realize the significant operational advantages they convey. These benefits include reductions in operating costs, improved customer service, and efficiency gains. Using the theoretical lens of Mary Parker Follett, this article explores potential behavioral benefits associated with enterprise systems. Evidence provided by the authors' field survey suggests that enterprise systems empower managers by enhancing both mutual monitoring and social identification among peer managers.

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Kumar, P. Naveen, Anil Jacob, and Smruthi Thota. "Impact of Healthcare Marketing and Branding on Hospital Services." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 2, no. 1 (2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1010.

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ABSTRACT Healthcare is one of the many human-centered services offered, the other being legal services, hospitality services, transport services, etc. The healthcare is also the foremost in all of these personal services. Every section of the healthcare experience must embody and convey the message that the hospital is the center of health and wellness in the community. The connection between healthcare provider and patient needs to be developed to improve the delivery model. However with the rise of healthcare costs to providers, increase in operating costs, informative and knowledgeable customers; hospitals need branding to drive strategies, convey their expanding range of services, make an emotional connection with customers and create lasting relationships thereby generating profits. Companies are losing out because there is often little or no integration between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and marketing departments and their respective strategies. This misses brand building opportunities and may also confuse as well as disenfranchise company stakeholders. Unless CSR becomes central to the marketing director's agenda, it will not have the desired effect and can potentially create a backlash. The nature of the business — category, customers, competitors — should dictate how much and in which ways, a company should promote its CSR-related activities. Here, it lies the importance of developing a more strategic, distinct, sustainable and well defined brand platform. It is ultimately the hospital's brand and the customers’ ability to trust that will aid in the decision-making process between competitive healthcare hospitals. Patient expectations and desires are changing, altering the competitive landscape. Employees are a hospital's most vital force and communication medium. Thus, the brand is the greatest asset for uniting employees around a singular culture and mission. This study highlights a conceptual framework that can be used for healthcare organizations to develop the revenues based on branding. How to cite this article Kumar PN, Jacob A, Thota S. Impact of Healthcare Marketing and Branding on Hospital Services. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):19-24.

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Materla, Tejaswi, Elizabeth A. Cudney, and Deborah Hopen. "Evaluating factors affecting patient satisfaction using the Kano model." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-02-2018-0056.

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Purpose Healthcare providers are increasing their focus on patient satisfaction and patient-oriented services as they play a significant role in managing rising costs, elevating service quality and establishing sustainable quality improvement strategies. In recent years, the Kano model has gained popularity in the healthcare industry and has been employed to improve patient satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Kano model can be deployed to identify a wide range of complex patient needs and convey its potential usefulness in the continuous improvement of the healthcare sector. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a case study of implementing the Kano model to identify diverse patient needs and aims to eliminate the gaps identified in prior research, which include generically applying the Kano model to all service units of the healthcare system and using a predetermined service quality scale. This study emphasizes the importance of scale development and individual attention to each healthcare service unit in determining intricate patient needs. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Student Health Services (SHS) of Missouri University of Science and Technology where the data were collected using the Kano survey. The respondents included undergraduate and graduate students that have utilized the healthcare services offered. A total of 138 patients were surveyed using a Kano model-based questionnaire that included demographics and treatment as well as service expectations. Findings Of the 21 quality attributes evaluated by the patients, 16 were categorized as one-dimensional, 3 as indifferent, and 2 as attractive attributes using the Kano model. None of the quality attributes showed a dominant must-be feature. The students considered the availability of appropriately qualified medical staff within 10 minutes of the check-in process and provision of after-hours care as attractive attributes that create greater satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The research was conducted at a university SHS center. Therefore, respondents in the survey are in a younger age group, which may affect patient expectations. In addition, expectations of an SHS center may be different than expectations of visiting a primary care physician and other healthcare units. Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of the identification of healthcare needs using the Kano model and advocates focusing on shifts in the categories over time and changes in the demographic environment.

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Jessintha, D., P. Praveen kumar, S. Jaisiva, T. Ananth kumar, and Christo Ananth. "Social Service Robot using Gesture recognition technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2466, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2466/1/012020.

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Abstract A robot is a machine that can automatically do a task or a series of tasks based on its programming and environment. They are artificially built machines or devices that can perform activities with utmost accuracy and precision minimizing time constraints. Service robots are technologically advanced machines deployed to service and maintain certain activities. Research findings convey the essential fact that serving robots are now being deployed worldwide. Social robotics is one such field that heavily involves an interaction between humans and an artificially built machine. These man-built machines interact with humans and can also understand social terms and words. Modernization has bought changes in design and mechanisms due to this ever-lasting growth in technology and innovation. Therefore, food industries are also dynamically adapting to the new changes in the field of automation to reduce human workload and increase the quality of service. Deployment of a robot in the food industries which help to aid deaf and mute people who face social constraints is an ever-growing challenge faced by engineers for the last few decades. Moreover, a contactless form of speedy service system which accomplishes its task with at most precision and reduced complexity is a feat yet to be perfected. Preservation of personal hygiene, a better quality of service, and reduced labour costs is achieved.

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Easwaramoorthy, Sathishkumar, Anilkumar Chunduru, Usha Moorthy, and Sravankumar B. "Review on dynamic group data sharing in cloud environment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9770.

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Information sharing or exchange of data within entities plays a significant role in cloud storage. In cloud computing, a robust and practical methodology is developed which can be utilized by cloud users for sharing information among multiple group members in the cloud with lowered maintenance and management costs. Furthermore, a service provider in the cloud does not share data with anyone other than the Trusted Third Party (TTP) sources due to the semi-trusted characteristics of the cloud. In this way, there is no global security mechanism for dynamic group data sharing over the cloud. Subsequently, the Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) can convey different services to cloud users through powerful data centres. Hence, data is secured through the validation of users in the cloud. Meanwhile, CSPs should offer outsourced security assurance for data file sharing. Assuring privacy in data sharing is still a critical issue due to continuous change in cloud users, particularly, for unauthenticated or third party users because of the risk of collusion attacks. However, security concerns turn into a major restraint as outsourcing storage data is perhaps a delicate concern for cloud providers. Additionally, sharing information in a multi-proprietary approach while protecting information and individual security to the data from unauthorized or third party users is still a challenging task as there is a frequent change in cloud members. In this regard, previous studies are reviewed and discussed which are related to dynamic group data sharing using cloud computing.

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18

Xiong, Chang, Yixin Su, Danhong Zhang, Lan Chen, Huajie Zhang, and Qi Li. "A New Distributed Robust Power Control for Two-Layer Cooperative Communication Networks in Smart Grids with Reduced Utility Costs." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 2911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062911.

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The packet loss during transmission of load control commands can lead to regulation errors in the smart grid and increase the cost of utility agencies due to the purchase of additional automatic generation control (AGC) services. In this paper, a two-layer cooperative communication network between the utility company and relays is presented. The utility company rents the relay to assist with the downlink transmission to improve the reliability of communication and reduce the data transmission cost due to packet loss. Furthermore, the uncertainty of channel gain is considered, and a two-tier game model is established. A distributed robust power control algorithm based on the continuous convex approximation method is proposed to obtain the optimal relay power allocation and price. Through the simulation analysis of the proposed scheme and the two comparison schemes, the cost of the utility company was reduced by 6% and 21%, and the standard deviation of income value between the relays was reduced by 40% and 48%, respectively.

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V Ram Naresh Yadav, B., and P. Anjaiah. "Dynamic Selection of Optimal Cloud Service Provider for Big Data Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12007.

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Big data analytics and Cloud computing are the two most imperative innovations in the current IT industry. In a surprise, these technologies come up together to convey the effective outcomes to various business organizations. However, big data analytics require a huge amount of resources for storage and computation. The storage cost is massively increased on the input amounts of data and requires innovative algorithms to reduce the cost to store the data in a specific data centers in a cloud. In Today’s IT Industry, Cloud Computing has emerged as a popular paradigm to host customer, enterprise data and many other distributed applications. Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) store huge amounts of data and numerous distributed applications with different cost. For example Amazon provides storage services at a fraction of TB/month and each CSP having different Service Level Agreements with different storage offers. Customers are interested in reliable SLAs and it increases the cost since the number of replicas are more. The CSPs are attracting the users for initial storage/put operations and get operations from the cloud becomes hurdle and subsequently increases the cost. CSPs provides these services by maintaining multiple datacenters at multiple locations throughout the world. These datacenters provide distinctive get/put latencies and unit costs for resource reservation and utilization. The way of choosing distinctive CSPs data centers, becomes tricky for cloud users those who are using the distributed application globally i.e. online social networks. In has mainly two challenges. Firstly, allocating the data to different datacenters to satisfy the SLO including the latency. Secondly, how one can reserve the remote resource i.e. memory with less cost. In this paper we have derived a new model to minimize the cost by satisfying the SLOs with integer programming. Additionally, we proposed an algorithm to store the data in a data center by minimizing the cost among different data centers and the computation of cost for put/get latencies. Our simulation works shows that the cost is minimized for resource reservation and utilization among different datacenters.

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L. N. Nguyen, Thu, Tuan D. Vy, and Yoan Shin. "An Efficient Hybrid RSS-AoA Localization for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092121.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable many applications such as intelligent control, prediction, tracking, and other communication network services, which are integrated into many technologies of the Internet-of-Things. The conventional localization frameworks may not function well in practical environments since they were designed either for two-dimensional space only, or have high computational costs, or are sensitive to measurement errors. In order to build an accurate and efficient localization scheme, we consider in this paper a hybrid received signal strength and angle-of-arrival localization in three-dimensional WSNs, where sensors are randomly deployed with the transmit power and the path loss exponent unknown. Moreover, in order to avoid the difficulty of solving the conventional maximum-likelihood estimator due to its non-convex and highly complex natures, we derive a weighted least squares estimate to estimate jointly the location of the unknown node and the two aforementioned channel components through some suitable approximations. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Shkrygun, Yu. "Management of Logistics Activities of Enterprises in the Context of Industry 4.0." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (66) (2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-4(66)-53-61.

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In the modern conditions of digital economy and a large number of force majeure events, both economic and social, the issues of providing production with the necessary material and digital resources and their efficient use become especially relevant; improving the operational and strategic management of warehousing, inventories, differentiated transport flows, sales activities and customer experience. In order to ensure the effective operation of enterprises should organize their activities in such a way as to avoid risk, loss and costs associated with the organization of logistics processes, production, transportation and marketing, customer focus, and maximize revenue. First of all, these goals can be achieved by improving the management of logistics activities of enterprises, taking into account the analysis of the components of the concept, their relationship and taking into account the presence of accelerated and uneven digitization process. It is established that it is expedient to develop and implement management decisions in the following key areas: procurement and supply of material resources (calculation of the optimal volume of the supply of material resources, optimization of procurement strategy, improving procurement management using the method of multicriteria assessment) traffic flow management (introduction of cargo flow management information systems, use of automated document processing in the design of the cargo transportation process, development of proposals for optimizing transport loading, use of Internet technology to automate transport processes); customer experience management (analysis of shipment volumes, forecasting shipment volumes to consumers, development of proposals to increase the level of logistics services, formation of a system of contractual relations with consumers, improvement of customer-oriented approach to service of different categories of consumers in the context of relationship marketing); sales management (justification of the network approach to the organization of sales activities of enterprises; improving the mechanism of public-private partnership in sales management of enterprises based on the organizational and legal form of the syndicate, methodological approach to choosing the optimal sales channel for finished products; commerce as an effective tool for promoting products on the market).

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Madleňák, Adam. "Geolocation Services and Marketing Communication from a Global Point of View." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202040.

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Research background: Electronic communication fundamentally influences social behavior of the society. An unlimited virtual connection to the outside world and the minimal costs needed to reach out to a particular subject cause personal contact to become of marginal importance. The starting point may be, in certain cases, the ability of a mobile device to provide interested parties with relatively accurate geographical data mapping the distribution of objects in space. Therefore, localization of individual participants in the communication process becomes a prerequisite for establishing a contact in the real world. Moreover, localization also serves as a tool for creating highly personalized messages based on a combination of geographical, demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to research the peculiarities associated with the localization of portable electronic devices in the space and the associated efforts to improve the level of personalized communication in line with the right timing of wireless distribution of advertising content to the recipient. Methods: In order to achieve the stated goal, the author made use of several research methods to research the use of localization technologies in software products supporting social interaction between users of portable electronic devices. In particular, the author used analytical, inductive, deductive and comparative research methods. The paper also contains the results of several scientific studies presenting the latest market trends reflecting on research from abroad. Findings & Value added: The paper contributes to the definition of the specifics that characterize the various types of localization technologies which convey information to the target audience within SoLoMo marketing.

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McCutchan, Phoebe K., Brian T. Yates, David A. Jobes, Amanda H. Kerbrat, and Katherine Anne Comtois. "Costs, benefits, and cost-benefit of Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality versus enhanced treatment as usual." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0262592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262592.

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Suicide rates have been steadily increasing in both the U.S. general population and military, with significant psychological and economic consequences. The purpose of the current study was to examine the economic costs and cost-benefit of the suicide-focused Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) intervention versus enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) in an active duty military sample using data from a recent randomized controlled trial of CAMS versus ETAU. The full intent-to-treat sample included 148 participants (mean age 26.8 years ± 5.9 SD years, 80% male, 53% White). Using a micro-costing approach, the cost of each condition was calculated at the individual level from a healthcare system perspective. Benefits were estimated at the individual level as cost savings in past-year healthcare expenditures based on direct care reimbursement rates. Cost-benefit was examined in the form of cost-benefit ratios and net benefit. Total costs, benefits, cost-benefit ratios, and net benefit were calculated and analyzed using general linear mixed modeling on multiply imputed datasets. Results indicated that treatment costs did not differ significantly between conditions; however, CAMS was found to produce significantly greater benefit in the form of decreased healthcare expenditures at 6-month follow-up. CAMS also demonstrated significantly greater cost-benefit ratios (i.e., benefit per dollar spent on treatment) and net-benefit (i.e., total benefit less the cost of treatment) at 12-month follow-up. The current study suggests that beyond its clinical effectiveness, CAMS may also convey potential economic advantages over usual care for the treatment of suicidal active duty service members. Our findings demonstrate cost savings in the form of reduced healthcare expenditures, which theoretically represent resources that can be reallocated toward other healthcare system needs, and thus lend support toward the overall value of CAMS.

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Cortinovis, Chiara, and Davide Geneletti. "Mapping and assessing ecosystem services to support urban planning: A case study on brownfield regeneration in Trento, Italy." One Ecosystem 3 (June 25, 2018): e25477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e25477.

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This study explores the use of ecosystem service (ES) knowledge to support urban planning in the assessment of future scenarios. The case study concerns the prioritszation of brownfield regeneration interventions in the city of Trento (Italy). Alternative planning scenarios considering the conversion of existing brownfields into new urban parks are assessed and compared. The assessment focuses on two ES of critical importance for the city, namely microclimate regulation and nature-based recreation. The benefits of the different scenarios are quantified based on the number of expected beneficiaries broken down into different vulnerability classes and then compared through a multi-criteria analysis. Three combinations of criteria and weights reflect different planning objectives and related decision-makers’ orientations about what ES and beneficiary groups should be prioritised. The application demonstrates the potential for ES assessments to support urban planning processes in the specific phase of assessment and selection of alternatives, by meeting the requirements in terms of both sensitivity to small-scale changes in land uses or management activities and capacity to capture simultaneous variations in supply and demand of multiple ES. Being coherent with socially-orientated planning objectives, indicators based on ES demand and beneficiaries can effectively convey information about ES in planning decisions. Multi-criteria analysis is an effective way to integrate multiple ES assessments with other information about costs and benefits of planning scenarios, exploring diverse stakeholder perspectives and balancing competing objectives in a rational and transparent way.

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Permatasari, Adelia, and Ivah Narianti. "PERANCANGAN WEB SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI DAN INFORMASI DI RAHAYU KORDEN KENDAL." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jiab.v1i1.71.

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Rahayu Korden located in the village Pagersari RT 3 RW 1 Subdistrict Patean Kendal. Rahayu effort Korden founded in 2005 pioneered by Mr. and Mrs. Puji Rahayu Supandi. Rahayu Korden home industry engaged in the manufacture and sale of Korden. Excess Rahayu Korden is always put service and use of quality materials and prioritizing customer satisfaction. In spreading information and promotion Rahayu Korden using print media catalogs and billboards. However, for reaching a wider market, catalogs and billboards is inefficient because so many costs incurred if you want to cover a larger area.Overall it can be concluded that the researchers have successfully implemented design Rahayu Korden website with the address (url) www.rahayukorden.com to convey information quickly and clearly, the promotion of a broad range, and efficiency in the delivery of information and promotion. It can be seen from the results of the validation test has been done by expert that overall, the product website which has been developed by researchers in the category very well with a percentage of 92.3%. In addition, through field tests represented by 30 respondents can be concluded that, overall, the product website which has been developed by researchers in the category very well with a percentage of 80.83%

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Kopp, Kayla, Marta Hernandez-Jover, Susan Robertson, Angel Abuelo, and Michael Friend. "A Survey of New South Wales Sheep Producer Practices and Perceptions on Lamb Mortality and Ewe Supplementation." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091586.

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High lamb mortality rates reduce profitability and reduce the perceived animal welfare standards of the industry. This study aimed to understand producer knowledge of lamb mortality rates and causes of lamb mortality, and to investigate various practices and perceptions of producers that may contribute to lamb deaths. Postal and online surveys gathered data on Australian sheep producer’s knowledge and practices around lambing and management practices. Based on results, approximately 50% of producers estimated less than 10% mortality of lambs between birth and marking, compared to published data estimates of 20–25% mortality. Pre-lambing vaccination of ewes was not undertaken by 10–20% of producers. Ninety-six percent of producers vaccinated lambs; however, 17% of Merino and 23% of crossbred lamb producers only gave a single vaccination instead of the recommended initial vaccine and booster. The lower estimated mortality impacts producer’s perceived benefits of management strategies being undertaken. Research undertaken needs to be more effectively distributed to producers via extension services to ensure producers understand the causes of mortality. Important messages to convey to producers include the limited impact of predation in most cases and the total costs of lamb mortality on-farm.

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PANKIV, Natalia, and Viktoriya BYK. "ECOLOGIZATION OF THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT SECTOR, IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UKRAINE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 316, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-316-2-23.

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The paper examines the problems and prospects of greening as an innovative concept of hotel-restaurant development. The current state and trends in the development of greening of tourist infrastructure facilities in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The criteria and legal principles of eco-hotels have been studied. The main causes and consequences of the negative impact of the hotel-restaurant sector on the environment have been established. The Ukrainian and world experience of existing eco-hotels are characterized, their problems are analyzed and recommendations are made for solving them and for the successful development of eco-hotels in Ukraine. The main tasks that determine effective activity in the eco-hotel business are formulated, in particular: the selection of the most promising target segments of the eco-hotel market and the development of a strategy focused on them; development and formation of ecological style, its correct use in internal and external premises of hotels and restaurants; development of a clear and, in accordance with the requirements of the market, program for the positioning of the eco-hotel; informing consumers through advertising and mass media about the positioning indicators of the eco-hotel and restaurant; development of proposals for the formation and correction of a positive image of the eco-hotel and restaurant in the minds of consumers. It is substantiated that the reorientation of existing hotel enterprises to “environmental” ones can solve several multi-faceted and multi-level tasks at the same time: ensure resource savings at the enterprise level; improve economic indicators due to compliance with the current trend; promote the development of the tourist cluster and the formation of ecological infrastructure in the region; promote the ideas of a “green” way of life in society; to form the market of ecological products and services; improve the image of the region and the country. Based on the results of the research, the following advantages of eco-hotels are highlighted: conservation of natural resources; reduction of water consumption; saving electricity; reduction of costs for energy resources; reduction of costs for materials undergoing secondary processing; attracting new customers due to a favorable environmental situation; positive positioning of the services market; additional opportunity to advertise the hotel; creating a reputation for the brand and the hotel as a socially responsible company. Positioning the hotel as an eco-hotel gives its owner a number of competitive advantages, among which the possibility of using this status for advertising purposes, creating a favorable microclimate for staff and guests, and increasing occupancy rates should be highlighted. It is well-founded that eco-hotels are promising hotels that are designed to maintain the state of the natural environment, raise environmental awareness and responsibility in society, and their guests can enjoy a healthy vacation in harmony with nature.

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Sun, Weiwei, Yong Lv, Jianzhong Chen, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Li Huang Wuhan. "Long-term ring stiffness of fiberglass-reinforced plastic mortar pipes." Materials Testing 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0030.

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Abstract Fiberglass-reinforced plastic mortar (FRPM) pipes are lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion resistant. Owing to several additional advantages including the ability to convey large flows, convenient installation, and low overall costs, FRPM pipes are well-suited to various pipeline systems in the chemical, water, and drainage industries. As a polymer matrix composite material, the mechanical properties of FRPM pipes are time-dependent. Ring stiffness measures the ability of a pipe to resist deformation under an external load and decreases with increasing service time. Reduced ring stiffness can lead to excessive deformation, which can affect the long-term durability of the pipeline, eventually resulting in failure. At present, only few studies have been conducted on long-term ring stiffness of FRPM pipelines, which has hindered their application. In this study, long-term ring stiffness of 500 mm diameter pipes comprised of FRPM was tested under two different loading conditions: constant load and constant displacement. Variation of ring stiffness with time under constant load and constant displacement conditions was obtained and the predicted attenuation of ring stiffness after 50 years was found to be 11.62 % and 15.48 %, respectively, which further confirms the reliability of long-term ring stiffness predictions based on short-term test data. And the results will contribute to further studies on the longterm ring stiffness of FRPM pipes.

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Hadley, Mike. "Issues in Remote Pilotage." Journal of Navigation 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398008182.

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This paper was presented at the World Congress of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN) held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 17–21 November 1997.Remote, or shore-based, pilotage means different things to different people, despite a definition being produced by the European and International Maritime Pilots Associations. The debate about it is set in the context of increasing public awareness of the environment and a downward pressure on costs; these in themselves make for uncomfortable bedfellows. However, this sets the scene for the current aspirations within the European Union for vessel traffic management and the ongoing research into Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and Vessel Traffic Management and Information Services (VTMIS). The technology to implement navigational assistance of a fairly high order is already in place, but there are still problems to be overcome before the concept can be taken further. Commonly recurring concerns over remote pilotage are the inadequacies of radar, difficulties with language, lack of ‘feel’ for the ship, which includes the on-board pilot's assessment of the quality of the vessel's crew, and the lack of ship motion data. Differential GPS is now capable of aiding automatic docking of some specialized vessels, but it has emerged, most recently at the IALA VTS Committee meeting, that ECDIS has shortcomings when being considered as the geographic information system of a VTS. Transponders are the subject of yet another debate, but will the data that they can convey be able to replace an on-board pilot?

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Dharma, I. Made Aditya, I Wayan Lasmawan, and I Nengah Suastika. "Digital Technology To Improve Marketing Strategy In The Era Of Pandemic Covid-19." Es Economics and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/esee.v1i02.41.

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In the current era of globalization, technology and information are growing rapidly, especially for digital marketing, it is needed by industries engaged in the sale of goods and services. Especially now that the Covid-19 Pandemic is impacting almost all sectors of life. The impact of the corona virus pandemic (Covid-19) is being felt in the business and economic world. Digital marketing is a very fast growing and inexpensive solution to reach maximum customers without any limits. Through digital marketing adjustments can convey messages only to potential customers and many new customers can be attracted by using different techniques. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a case study approach. The results of the study concluded that social media has increased the performance of businesses and 90 percent of respondents consider social media important for their business. The main benefit derived from social media is brand awareness. From this research, other benefits obtained by respondents from social media for SMEs are: Increasing Traffic 72 percent, Increasing Ranking Searches 62 percent, New Partnerships 59 percent, Increasing Sales 48 percent, Reducing Marketing Costs 59 percent for self-employed, 58 percent for SMEs two times more likely to find qualified prospects.

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Romanenko, Olesia, Liudmyla Alaverdian, and Ganna Basova. "Use of chatbots in the trade of building materials." Marketing and Digital Technologies 6, no. 4 (December 18, 2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.6.4.2022.1.

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The aim of the article is analysing the effectiveness of the use of chatbots in comparison with other e-commerce tools, in particular with websites; determining the functions and capabilities of the chatbot when used in the construction materials trade; indicating the advantages of using chatbots for sellers and for consumers; creation of a basic scheme of chatbot operation in the trade of building materials. Analyses results. Modern types of Internet communications are capable of acting as a virtual interlocutor, repeating and reproducing a written set of human signs, providing a programmed answer to the questions asked. Chatbots use conversational intelligence as a new user interface for e-commerce applications and, accordingly, have significant advantages over other sales channels, increasing sales, improving end-customer service and significantly reducing costs. According to Juniper Research, the total number of chatbot messaging applications available worldwide will grow from 3.5 billion in 2022 to 9.5 billion by 2026. A Ukrainian team of experienced specialists in the construction industry and IT developers developed a chatbot called BMBOT, which is aimed at the digital transformation of the construction industry using artificial intelligence, starting from communication with customers and ending with the collection and analysis of sales data. The article describes the features and capabilities of the chatbot, as well as the advantages of using it for customers and businesses. The authors showed a schematic diagram of a chatbot for a company - a supplier of construction goods, using the example of the selection and calculation of construction materials for the installation of a laminate floor. A chatbot can be developed for all types of system products. This project will be of interest to suppliers, as they will be able to convey to the client important differentials of their products, such as environmental friendliness, European standards, cost efficiency, ease of use, and others. Through the chatbot, you can form a complex customer order with the possibility of delivery, which will save the buyer's time and finances. For the seller, the use of a chatbot will facilitate communication between the client and the supplier, solve the problem of shipment and delivery of goods, and reduce the time and money spent on processing the client. The costs associated with the implementation and use of a chatbot include the initial investment in the creation of the platform and the ongoing costs of maintaining the messaging service. But these costs will be covered by the benefit received in the process of using the chatbot. Conclusions and directions for further research. The advantages of using a chatbot by trading companies: optimization of sales processes, increased decision-making efficiency, assessment and analysis of the target audience, which will lead to cost savings, increased customers, increased conversion, turnover and margins. For further research into the prospects of using chatbots in business, it is necessary to more actively introduce this digital tool into e-commerce of various fields of activity, collect information about the advantages and disadvantages of using chatbots, and improve the theoretical and methodological base of digital marketing and e-commerce.

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Page, Ray D., Lee N. Newcomer, John D. Sprandio, and Barbara L. McAneny. "The Patient-Centered Medical Home in Oncology: From Concept to Reality." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 35 (May 2015): e82-e89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e82.

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In recent years, the cost of providing quality cancer care has been subject to an epic escalation causing concerns on the verge of a health care crisis. Innovative patient-management models in oncology based on patient-centered medical home (PCMH) principles, coupled with alternative payments to traditional fee for service (FFS), such as bundled and episodes payment are now showing evidence of effectiveness. These efforts have the potential to bend the cost curve while also improving quality of care and patient satisfaction. However, going forward with FFS alternatives, there are several performance-based payment options with an array of financial risks and rewards. Most novel payment options convey a greater financial risk and accountability on the provider. Therefore, the oncology medical home (OMH) can be a way to mitigate some financial risks by sharing savings with the payer through better global care of the patient, proactively preventing complications, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations. However, much of the medical home infrastructure that is required to reduced total costs of cancer care comes as an added expense to the provider. As best-of-practice quality standards are being elucidated and refined, we are now at a juncture where payers, providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders should work in concert to expand and implement the OMH framework into the variety of oncology practice environments to better equip them to assimilate into the new payment reform configurations of the future.

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Shifa Fathima, J. "Digital Revolution in the Indian Banking Sector." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i1.1619.

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“Digital” is the new popular expression in all sectors. With other sector, banking is additionally all around the world moving towards digitalization. Banks all things considered and over all areas are making immense investments in digital activities so as to keep up a competitive edge and convey the greatest to its customers. Selection of digitalization is significant for the banking sector. By grasping digitalization, banks can provide upgraded customer services. This provides accommodation to customers and aides in sparing time. Digitalization has transformed manual processes, transactions and exercises into digital services. Over all verticals, buyer needs have been met in entirely imaginative manners, upsetting existing enterprise esteem chains. Digitalization reduces human blunder and in this manner constructs customer unwaveringness. Today, individuals have nonstop access to banks due to online banking. Managing a lot of cash has additionally become simpler. Digitalization has additionally profited customers by encouraging cashless transactions. Customers need not store cash any longer and can make transactions at wherever and time. A few commercial banks began moving towards digital customer services to stay competitive and relevant in the race. Banks have profited in a few different ways by receiving more current innovations. E-banking has brought about reducing costs definitely and has created revenue through different channels. Commercial Banks in India have moved towards innovation by method for Bank Mechanization and Automation with the prologue to MICR based check processing, Electronic Funds transfer, Inter-availability among bank Branches and implementation of ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Channel have brought about the accommodation of Anytime banking. Solid activities are taken by the Reserve Bank of India for reinforces the Payment and Settlement systems in the banks. Indian government, banks, fintech companies have been advancing and changing the manner in which India spends its money. Simultaneously digital revolution additionally raises new challenges to the solidness and the uprightness of the financial system and the protection of buyers. Hence, the present study has been done on the digital revolution in the Indian Banking sector and the study based on the secondary sources of data.

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Crossman, Joanne M. "Advancing Health Education Pedagogy Through Life-Enhancing and Life-Saving Perspectives, and Backward Design." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379916647070.

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Fulfilling a growing need to address the spectrum of problems, perceptions, and practices compromising students’ wellness, and as a tool for health promotion, new approaches to health education can enhance life quality, reduce health costs, and save lives. As one component to the broader area of health promotion, health education provides a valuable contribution to improved individual and community health. The health education course featured in this article approaches health from both life-enhancing and life-saving perspectives, integrating active learning as its primary methodology. Featured course framework, student learning outcomes, assignments, and learning activities may be adopted or refined by faculty and curriculum designers who provide students with community health education experiences including health promotion, disease/injury prevention, and sudden illness response. Course design was informed by Wiggins and McTighe’s Backward Design, national health education and American Red Cross standards, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Course learning activities use health education as a strategy in health promotion and disease/injury prevention, and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)/AED (automated external defibrillator)/first aid skills to potentially sustain life, reduce pain, and minimize consequences of injury or sudden illness. Throughout the course, students review and interpret emerging research and services relevant to contemporary health concerns. Subsequently using this knowledge in ways to educate and encourage healthy practices, students design and convey health-promoting messages enhanced by various media. Students attain essential skills by using health education strategies. Additionally, American Red Cross certification may be earned through this course, further developing capacities and skills needed to build a healthier campus community.

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Agholor, A. I., K. Ogujiuba, and I. N. Shongwe. "Determinants of small farmers access to agricultural markets in South Africa." Agricultural Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (March 2023): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.01.010.

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Abstract. Restricted access to markets and complex rules remain a global barrier to growing small enterprises. A randomized sample of 200 farmers were carefully selected for the study. The study assessed farmers methods of linking to markets in Mbombela South Africa and analyse the determinants of engaging in specific types of markets. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires divided into sections were applied. The descriptive statistics and logistic regression methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that majority of smallholder farmers used informal markets and linkage to market information is through cell phone. Some of the major challenges farmers faced when accessing markets were transportation and inadequate market information. The empirical results of the study showed that the variables that positively influenced the choice of specific types of markets by farmers were gender (P<0.030), age (P<0.007), distance to markets (P<0.057), easiness of accessing markets (P<0.007), challenges with accessing markets (P<0.042) and access to extension services (P<0.003). The study concluded that the smallholder farmers in the Mbombela Local Municipality have difficulties in accessing formal markets and rely on informal markets to sell their farm products. The study recommended that farmers should be trained on the use of social media channels in accessing agricultural markets. Government should support to improve infrastructures like roads to assist farmers in accessing market. The study concluded that transport costs should be managed through shared and collective transportation arrangement with other farmers to convey farm produce to the markets for sale.

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Zamarreño-Aramendia, Gorka, Elena Cruz-Ruiz, and Elena Ruiz-Romero de la Cruz. "Sustainable Economy and Development of the Rural Territory: Proposal of Wine Tourism Itineraries in La Axarquía of Malaga (Spain)." Economies 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9010029.

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The certification of Malaga and Ronda wine route, within the model of certified wine routes in Spain, has given a new boost to wine tourism in Malaga. The study focuses on La Axarquía, located on the Eastern Costa del Sol in Southern Spain, which has been a reference point in the wine business since ancient times and has its own identity. This research aims at elaborating a diagnosis of the territory related to the possibilities offered by the area, from the perspective of the heritage resources and services provided by the winemakers outlining two efficient enotourism itineraries that enhance the value of the territory’s resources. The methodology used starts with the study of the territory in order to profile the existing resources, a task that was complemented by the analysis of the documentary sources required in order to understand the peculiarities of the territory. From there, a process of interviews was carried out between April and November 2019 with 100% of the winemakers and around 70% of the territory’s agents. The results of the research are specified in a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, which has allowed evaluating the possibilities of the enotourist development in La Axarquía, which is complemented with a proposal of two possible itineraries that will promote such development of the rural territory. The conclusions convey the possibilities of the territory of a tourist segment which puts its resources to good use and moves forward the deseasonalization and destructuring of tourism in Malaga, especially on the Eastern Costa del Sol, according to criteria of efficiency and profitability with wine as a reference, although it could be applied to other gastronomic and cultural resources linked to the tourist sector in other geographical areas.

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Sururama, Rahmawati, Oklin Riinan Winowoda, and Ahmad Eka. "PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA APARATUR MELALUI DIKLAT TEKNIS DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal MSDA (Manajemen Sumber Daya Aparatur) 9, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/jmsda.v9i2.2078.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pengembangan sumber daya aparatur melalui diklat teknis di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin serta mengetahui hambatan dan upaya yang dilakukan dinas tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Keempat indikator yang digunakan dalam menganalisis fokus penelitian ini yaitu tiga diantaranya (pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan) telah terimplementasikan dengan baik, dan yang satu (penampilan) masih belum terimplementasikan dengan baik. Faktor penghambat dalam pengembangan sumberdaya manusia ini yaitu berhubungan dengan Anggaran Diklat yang disebabkan oleh kepala daerah yang mengubah kebijakannya untuk meniadakan biaya untuk pengembangan pegawai khususnya diklat teknis. Sehingga biaya diklat ditanggung sendiri oleh peserta diklat itu sendiri. Rendahnya inisiatif dan motivasi pegawai untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, yang disebabkan oleh besarnya biaya diklat yang ditanggung sendiri serta tidak adanya penghargaan terhadap pegawai yang telah melaksanakan diklat tersebut seperti jenjang karir yang jelas atau yang lebih baik. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan yang ada yaitu Untuk masalah anggaran, pihak dinas tidak dapat berbuat banyak karena hilangnya anggaran untuk diklat teknis merupakan kebijakan dari kepala daerah, sehingga pihak dinas hanya bisa loyal terhadap kebijakan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan rendahnya inisiatif dan motivasi pegawai untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, kepala dinas menginstruksi-kan para Kasubbag dan Kabid untuk menyampaikan kepada bawahannya agar dapat menggunakan waktu kosong untuk menambah pengetahuan dengan cara mengakses sumber-sumber informasi yang ada di internet. Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Sumber Daya Aparatur. ABSTRACT This research was conducted to find out how the implementation of apparatus resource development through technical training at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Musi Banyuasin Regency and to find out the obstacles and efforts made by the service. The method used is descriptive qualitative with an inductive approach. Data collection techniques with interview techniques, observation, documentation Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are the four indicators used in analyzing the focus of this research, namely three of them (knowledge, attitudes, skills) have been implemented well, and one (appearance) is still not implemented properly. The inhibiting factor in the development of human resources is related to the education and training budget caused by the regional head changing his policy to eliminate costs for employee development, especially technical training. So that the training costs are borne by the training participants themselves. The low initiative and motivation of employees to improve skills, which is caused by the large costs of training that are borne by themselves and the absence of appreciation for employees who have carried out the training, such as a clear career path or better. Efforts are being made to overcome the existing obstacles, namely for budget problems, the agency cannot do much because the loss of the budget for technical training is a policy of the regional head, so that the agency can only be loyal to the policy. In connection with the low initiative and motivation of employees to improve skills, the head of service instructs the Head of Subsection and Head of Subdivision to convey to his subordinates so that they can use their free time to increase knowledge by accessing information sources on the internet. Keywords: Development, Apparatus Resources.

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VASYLKIVSKYI, Mikola, Ganna VARGATYUK, and Olga BOLDYREVA. "INTELLIGENT RADIO INTERFACE WITH THE SUPPORT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 217, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-317-1-26-32.

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The peculiarities of the implementation of the 6G intelligent radio interface infrastructure, which will use an individual configuration for each individual subscriber application and flexible services with lower overhead costs, have been studied. A personalized infrastructure consisting of an AI-enabled intelligent physical layer, an intelligent MAC controller, and an intelligent protocol is considered, followed by a potentially novel AI-based end-to-end (E2E) device. The intelligent controller is investigated, in particular the intelligent functions at the MAC level, which may become key components of the intelligent controller in the future. The joint optimization of these components, which will provide better system performance, is considered. It was determined that instead of using a complex mathematical method of optimization, it is possible to use machine learning, which has less complexity and can adapt to network conditions. A 6G radio interface design based on a combination of model-driven and data-driven artificial intelligence is investigated and is expected to provide customized radio interface optimization from pre-configuration to self-learning. The specifics of configuring the network scheme and transmission parameters at the level of subscriber equipment and services using a personalized radio interface to maximize the individual user experience without compromising the throughput of the system as a whole are determined. Artificial intelligence is considered, which will be a built-in function of the radio interface that creates an intelligent physical layer and is responsible for MAC access control, network management optimization (such as load balancing and power saving), replacing some non-linear or non-convex algorithms in receiver modules or compensation of shortcomings in non-linear models. Built-in intelligence has been studied, which will make the 6G physical layer more advanced and efficient, facilitate the optimization of structural elements of the physical layer and procedural design, including the possible change of the receiver architecture, will help implement new detection and positioning capabilities, which, in turn, will significantly affect the design of radio interface components. The requirements for the 6G network are defined, which provide for the creation of a single network with scanning and communication functions, which must be integrated into a single structure at the stage of radio interface design. The specifics of carefully designing a communication and scanning network that will offer full scanning capabilities and more fully meet all key performance indicators in the communications industry are explored.

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Kitchenko, Olena, and Iryna Koval. "INTERNET MARKETING AS A MODERN TOOL OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION POLICY OF THE ENTERPRISE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2021.1.8.

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The article discusses the issues related to the need to use marketing communications to convey to the consciousness of the target audience the benefits ofusing the company's products or services. It has been established that today one of the most effective ways to increase sales and gain a certain market shareis to use the opportunities of the Internet space. Currently, the use of Internet marketing tools is one of the priority areas of activity of any enterprise. Thedefinition of the concept of Internet marketing is analyzed, and it is found that it can be conditionally divided into three semantic parts. The question of thecorrelation between the spheres of traditional marketing and Internet marketing has been investigated. It was determined that the Internet is an auxiliary, butnot the main tool in the implementation of marketing communication policy. For a more detailed study of the issue of the relationship between traditionalmarketing and Internet marketing, new possibilities of Internet marketing are considered from the standpoint of the 4P marketing complex. For each of theelements of the marketing mix, an analysis was carried out and it was found that a product in Internet marketing means the same goods and services that aredistributed offline, but at the same time, Internet marketing provides ample opportunities for customizing consumers. Such an element of the marketing mixas the price on the Internet has undergone a minimal transformation, but it simplifies some of the processes. Also, the Internet has created new distributionchannels. The element of promotion has undergone the greatest changes, new unique tools for promotion on the Web have appeared. A certain number offeatures that characterize Internet marketing are highlighted. These include: updating the key role of consumers; lack of spatial localization; accelerateddecision making in the communication process; small costs for a communication company with its significant scale; availability of opportunities to receive detailed information about the consumer. A number of advantages of using Internet marketing tools in comparison with traditional marketing are highlighted.It has been determined that there are some difficulties in the implementation of Internet marketing tools. The main tools of Internet marketing are considered,with the help of which enterprises can set up and carry out work to promote products on the Web.

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GÜNEŞ, Yiğit, Ceren ANLAŞ, and Banu DOKUZEYLÜL. "Pharmacological and clinical approach to plant based complementary health products in lower urinary system diseases in cats and dogs." Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1150072.

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Medicinal plants, which are widely used in the treatment of many diseases in folk medicine, are alternative treatment approaches that allow to overcome the limitations of modern treatments such as high treatment costs and difficulty in accessing health services. In addition to their traditional uses, the World Health Organization (WHO) also recommends the use of medicinal plants as alternative applications, especially in countries where have limited access to modern medical facilities. Limitations on the methods used in the treatment of lower urinary tract diseases such as urinary tract infection and urolithiasis in both human and veterinary practice (high treatment cost, low tolerability, development of antibacterial resistance, etc.) have brought the use of natural products of herbal origin within the scope of supportive/complementary treatment approaches. Although the mechanism of action of medicinal plants in the treatment of lower urinary tract diseases is not clearly known, studies have shown that they increase the glomerular filtration rate; and they can be complementary alternatives to conventional treatment due to their anti-lithogenic, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Patients that referred to with one or more of the symptoms of urinary system diseases such as polyuria, pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria, anuria, hematuria, urinary incontinence constitute the case group of one of the first three systemic diseases most frequently brought to the clinic. Failure to intervene in the diseases shaped in the lower urinary system in a timely manner causes negative consequences such as the disease becoming chronic, the progression of the disease to the upper urinary system in progressive cases, and a decrease in the quality of life. Complementary products used in addition to medical treatment are sometimes used for prophylactic purposes. In this context, many supplements have been prescribed for different diseases in small animal practice in recent years. In this review, it is aimed to convey current developments about medicinal plants, which are used effectively within the scope of supportive treatment practices in lower urinary system diseases of cats and dogs, to veterinary clinical practice.

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I., Solovyov, and Klishchevska A. "TERRITORIAL MARKETING IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 43 (October 22, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-43-3.

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The article considers the possibility of using the concept of marketing territories as a tool and theoretical and methodological basis for finding internal sources of funding for citizens. Possibilities of application of its mechanisms and technologies, in partic-ular a two-component complex of marketing mix, for increase of competitiveness of territories are considered. The main goal is to create favorable conditions for the formation of the business environment and improve living standards. Given the functional features of territorial marketing, it is advisable to present it in two submixes, commodity-contractual and communicative. Within the framework of the first, a product offer is created and implemented, the conditions for purchasing services by the local popu-lation, business representatives, consumers of tourist and recreational resources are agreed upon. An important indicator is the price of services - the total cost of all consumers. The calculation of average costs should be carried out in order to calculate the integrated indicator of the level of living comfort and welfare of the population. A component of the indicator should be the value of the territory for the population, investors, visitors, tourists, which is established by expert methods of policy surveys, it is neces-sary to pay attention to the search for unique services with expectations, unique characteristics. In the course of the research, the values and advantages of the clients-consumers of tourist and recreational services and the values of business representatives were established and ranked. It was concluded that a special place in the communicative submix is occupied by the brand man-agement of the territory, which is carried out by the efforts of local authorities and the business community in order to increase the attractiveness of the territory. It is concluded that marketing activity creates and maintains the image and prestige of the territory in the external environment, convinces potential consumers of its attractiveness. As a result of research, it was found that the use of the concept of territorial marketing will increase the efficiency of regional governance and competitiveness of the regions of Ukraine. However, its use is appropriate only if it is possible to find and convey to the consumer the unique value characteristics of the territory. The determining factor in implementing the concept is to create conditions for business and social activity, private initiative and a favorable business climate.Keywords: regional marketing concept, territory competitiveness, marketing complex, based consumer values, territory ser-vices, territory brand. У статті розглядається можливість використання концепції територіального маркетингу, як підходу до управління регіональним розвитком і створення сприятливих умов для формування бізнес-середовища. Узагальнено поняття територіального маркетингу і конкретизовано його мета-стимулювання розвитку природно-екологічного, туристичного та рекреаційного потенціалу територій. Зроблено аналізування існуючих підходів до формування інструментарію маркетингу і запропонований його адаптований комплекс у вигляді двох субміксів. Були встановлені і ранжовані цінності і переваги споживачів туристично-рекреаційних послуг та представників бізнесу. Обґрунтовано доцільність визначення інтегрального показника рівня комфорту проживання на території для рейтингової оцінки привабливості регіону. Безумовно, що умовою успішної реалізації концепції територіального маркетингу є створення умов для розвитку соціальної активності, формування сприятливого ділового клімату. Практичне завдання отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що положення статті можуть бути використані в практичній діяльності об'єднаних територіальних громад. Визначальною умовою реалізації концепції є створення умов для розвитку ділової і соціальної активності, формування приватної ініціативи, сприятливого ділового клімату, донесення до споживача унікальних ціннісних характеристик території. Ключові слова: концепція регіонального маркетингу, конкурентоспроможність територій, комплекс маркетингу, основи цінності споживачів, послуги територій, бренд території.

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Merrill, M. L., D. W. Bohnert, D. C. Ganskopp, D. D. Johnson, and S. J. Falck. "Effects of Early Weaning on Cow Performance, Grazing Behavior, and Winter Feed Costs in the Intermountain West11The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, including the Burns and Union Stations, is jointly funded by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-Agriculture Research Service. Mention of trade or proprietary names is for information only and does not convey endorsement of one product over another." Professional Animal Scientist 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30806-8.

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Dobs, Yasminah Elsaadany, and Mohamed Medhat Ali. "The epigenetic modulation of alcohol/ethanol and cannabis exposure/co-exposure during different stages." Open Biology 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 180115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.180115.

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Studies have reported the significant economic impact of smoking cannabis and drinking alcohol In the USA. It was estimated that the costs of cannabis-related treatment, hospitalization and loss of work-related pay have amounted to $200 billion. (Andersen AM, Dogan MV, Beach SRH, Philibert RA. 2015 Genes 6 , 991–1022. ( doi:10.3390/genes6040991 )). Data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions showed that individuals with general anxiety disorder and substance use disorder (GAD-SUD) have higher psychiatric comorbidity rates than those without substance use disorder (Alegría AA, Hasin DS, Nunes EV, Liu SM, Davies C, Grant BF, Blanco C. 2010 J. Clin. Psychiatry 71, 1187–1195. ( doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05328gry )). Moreover, the criminal justice system is significantly impacted by this cost (Andersen AM, Dogan MV, Beach SRH, Philibert RA. 2015 Genes 6 , 991–1022. ( doi:10.3390/genes6040991 )). Despite the increasing use of cannabis, there are still too many obscure facts. One of the new areas that scientific evidence shows is impacted negatively by cannabis use is the epigenome, which is an understudied area that we are still learning about. In addition, over the past few decades, we have seen various social and healthcare changes that have raised critical questions about their ongoing roles in regulating marijuana and alcohol use. This is important because of the increasing popularity and usage across various ages especially young adults and teenagers. More than 97.5 million Americans over 12 years old have used cannabis for non-medical use despite the significant side effects, with 1 in 10 users developing cannabis dependence (Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. 2011 J. Addict. Med. 5, 1–8. ( doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31820c23fa ), Office of Applied Studies. 2006 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, USA.). It was reported that 16% of substance abuse admissions in the USA were for cannabis-related symptoms, which is second only to alcohol-related disorders (Agalioti T, Lomvardas S, Parekh B, Yie J, Maniatis T, Thanos D. 2000 Cell 103, 667–678. ( doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00169-0 ), Soutoglou E, Talianidis I. 2002 Science 295, 1901–1904. ( doi:10.1126/science.1068356 )). Today there are thirty-one states and the District of Columbia that currently have legalized marijuana for either medical or recreational use. Data about marijuana use from NIAAA's National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) indicates that ‘in total, 79 000 people were interviewed on alcohol and drug use. When examined by age young adults (ages 18–21) were found to be at highest risk for marijuana use and marijuana use disorder, with use increasing from 10.5 to 21.2% and disorder increasing from 4.4 to 7.5%’. ‘Given these facts, George Koob, PhD, director of NIAAA stated the importance for the scientific community to convey this information to the public about the potential hazards of marijuana and it's use’. On the other hand, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 16 million adults suffer from alcohol use disorders. To the best of our knowledge, epigenetic mechanisms have been previously studied in alcohol and cannabis abuse separately. Recent studies highlighted the molecular mechanisms that are linked with drug-induced transcriptional regulation, behavioural abnormalities and neurodegeneration, which has emphasized the role of chromatin modification/remodelling in the generation of drug activation of certain genes and the disabling of others, and the effect of that on addiction (Maze I, Nestler EJ. 2011 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1216, 99–113. ( doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05893.x ); Renthal W, Nestler EJ. 2008 Trends Mol. Med . 14, 341–350. ( doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.06.004 )). In this review, we will give an overview of epigenome science relevant to cannabis/the endocannabinoid system and the potential of epigenetic overlap between alcohol and cannabinergic activity at different stages, to aid further investigations that could bring more treatment options to our horizon.

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Luo, Fang, Qiao Hu, and Caihong Sun. "Studying on the psychological contract of farmers behavior of transferring agricultural land in China." CNS Spectrums 28, S1 (March 2023): S16—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852923000846.

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BackgroundAt present, the social economy is in a period of fast-paced change in China, with various modes of production and life evolving and emerging. The transfer of agricultural land is the transformation of the utilization mode of the main factors of production in rural areas, and it is one of the contents of the social and economic reform in rural areas. In 2021, the area of rural land transfer is up to 3.7×1011 m2 in China, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year. 1,239 counties (cities, districts) and 18,731 townships have established agricultural land management rights transfer centers to provide services such as policy consultation, information release, and contract signing for both sides of the transfer. Farmers are the subjects of agricultural land management and transfer. Their behaviors are affected by their psychology to some extent. In the long-term, dynamic, and gradual process of agricultural land transfer, it is particularly important to respect farmers’ wishes, pay attention to farmers’ psychology, and guide farmers’ behavior. However, only a few written contracts were signed. Most are verbal agreements of spontaneous or collective land transfers. The verbal agreements auto-execute to some extent within certain limits. The goals of farmers in farmland transfer are diversified, and their cognition, willingness and psychological identity affect the performance of the contract and the effect of transfer.Subjects and MethodsThe psychological contract of agricultural land transfer can be defined as the transferor and transferee of agricultural land transfer. Through a certain psychological suggestion mode, through the subjective cognition and understanding of the rights and obligations of both parties, rather than the direct explicit expression, a contract relationship of rights and obligations is formed. The party awarding contract and the contractor are the subjects of agricultural land transfer. Therefore, the subjects of the psychological contract of agricultural land transfer include farmers, village collectives and enterprises, all of whom have equal status, forming their own psychological contracts. The forming process of the psychological contract of agricultural land transfer includes four steps. Step one is cognition and judgment. Both parties to the transfer are aware of and judge their own rights and obligations based on external environmental information and their own circumstances. Step two is psychological expectations. Before information is transmitted, both sides of the transmission transform cognition and judgment into psychological expectations. The third step is to convey psychological expectations. Both sides of transfer transmit psychological expectations by means of direct patterns, such as oral form and written form, and implicit ways, such as perception and comprehension. Step four is the formation of the psychological contract. Both sides of transfer reciprocally admit information of psychological expectations transmitted in implicit ways, forming psychological contracts. If they can’t come to an agreement on psychological contracts, a new four-step cycle is entered.ResultsThe forming of the psychological contract of agricultural land transfer is shown in Figure 1. First, farmers’ behavior background, such as the experiences of land lease and transfer, the targets of land transfer and education, has an effect on the building of psychological contracts and its type. On the one hand, the farmers who have the experience of land transfer and get high benefits from it are much more motivated than those who don’t have that experience or ever have dissension while transferring. On the other hand, the targets of transfer and the education level of farmers affect the type of psychological contracts. Second, Farmers’ subjective norms, mainly reflected in the difference in folk customs, will form various communication modes and take different measures to deal with breaching contracts while transferring. Third, farmers’ behavior cognition reflects in their comprehension of the capability of executing contracts, including bargaining power, decision-making level and managing modes of the rent. The ability of behavior cognition and control of farmers has a positive influence on their behavior intention and happened.ConclusionsAccording to the above results, in order to promote the reposeful transfer and orderly development of agricultural land, the following suggestions are proposed: The first is to improve the agricultural land transfer policy system, establish and improve the institutional environment for agricultural land transfer, create conditions for the establishment of farmers’ behavioral psychological contracts in the process of agricultural land transfers, and guide farmers to establish relationship psychological contracts. The second is to improve the market system, properly cultivate and develop agricultural land transfer intermediaries, reduce transaction costs, and reduce the probability of farmers’ psychological contracts being broken. The third is to guide farmers to establish a positive agricultural land transfer psychology based on their resource endowments such as labor force quality and cultural quality, and encourage farmers to make agricultural land transfer decisions such as subcontracting, leasing, reselling, and interchanging.Figure 1.Psychological contracts of agricultural land transfer forming

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Liu, Hanlin, Yimin Yu, Saif Benjaafar, and Huihui Wang. "Price-Directed Cost Sharing and Demand Allocation Among Service Providers with Multiple Demand Sources and Multiple Facilities." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, January 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0931.

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Problem definition: We consider capacity sharing through demand allocation among firms with multiple demand sources and multiple service facilities. Firms decide on the allocation of demand from different sources to different facilities to minimize delay costs and service-fulfillment costs possibly subject to service-level requirements. If firms decide to operate collectively as a coalition, they must also decide on a scheme for sharing the total cost. Academic/practical relevance: We study capacity sharing through demand allocation in service systems in the presence of service-fulfillment costs. Our problem is motivated by service collaboration in healthcare involving public–private partnerships. Methodology: We formulate the problem as a cooperative game and identify a cost allocation that is in the core. Results: The cost-allocation scheme we identify is price-directed, and the cost of each firm consists of three components: (1) the delay cost incurred within the firm; (2) a cost paid for the capacity used by the firm at facilities owned by other firms; and (3) a payment received for fulfilling demand of other firms at facilities owned by the firm. Interestingly, we show that the cost-allocation scheme is equivalent to a market equilibrium—that is, it can be implemented in a decentralized fashion. We extend our analysis to settings where the capacity of each facility is endogenously determined and to settings where a service-priority policy is deployed. Our results are robust to a variety of generalizations: partial sharing, partial transfer, facilities modeled as general queueing systems, and convex delay costs. Managerial implications: Our findings provide guidelines for and insights into how to carry out demand allocation and cost sharing among different firms in the presence of service-fulfillment costs to foster service collaboration. In particular, the equilibrium market prices can be viewed as the prices/subsidies for service collaboration in a public–private partnership.

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Long, Zhenghua, Hailun Zhang, Jiheng Zhang та Zhe George Zhang. "The Generalized c/μ Rule for Queues with Heterogeneous Server Pools". Operations Research, 17 травня 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2023.2472.

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Dynamic Routing of Queues with Heterogeneous Server Pools In “The Generalized c/μ Rule for Queues with Heterogeneous Server Pools,” Long, Zhang, Zhang, and Zhang study the optimal control of queueing systems with heterogeneous server pools and a single customer class. The goal is to balance the holding cost of the queue with the operating costs of the server pools. They introduce the target-allocation policy, the Gc/μ rule, and the fixed priority policy for systems with general, convex, and concave cost functions, respectively. They also consider an extension to minimize operating costs and maintain a service-level target for customers waiting in the queue. Moreover, they show that their asymptotically optimal routing policies coincide with several classic policies in the literature in special cases.

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Jacobovic, Royi, and Michel Mandjes. "Externalities in Queues as Stochastic Processes: The Case of FCFS M/G/1." Stochastic Systems, July 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsy.2022.0021.

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Externalities are the costs that a user of a common resource imposes on others. In the context of an FCFS M/G/1 queue, where a customer with service demand [Formula: see text] arrives when the workload level is [Formula: see text], the externality [Formula: see text] is the total waiting time that could be saved if this customer gave up on their service demand. In this work, we analyze the externalities process [Formula: see text]. It is shown that this process can be represented by an integral of a (shifted in time by v) compound Poisson process with a positive discrete jump distribution, so that [Formula: see text] is convex. Furthermore, we compute the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the finite-dimensional distributions of [Formula: see text] and its mean and auto-covariance functions. We also identify conditions under which a sequence of normalized externalities processes admits a weak convergence on [Formula: see text] equipped with the uniform metric to an integral of a (shifted in time by v) standard Wiener process. Finally, we also consider the extended framework when v is a general nonnegative random variable which is independent from the arrival process and the service demands. Our analysis leads to substantial generalizations of the results presented in the existing literature. Funding: This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 945045] and the NWO Gravitation project NETWORKS [Grant 024.002.003].

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Das, Sagnik, R. Ravi, and Srinath Sridhar. "Order Fulfillment Under Pick Failure in Omnichannel Ship-From-Store Programs." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, December 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1164.

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Problem definition: We consider the setting where a retailer with many physical stores and an online presence seeks to fulfill online orders using an omnichannel fulfillment program, such as buy-online ship-from-store. These fulfillment strategies try to minimize cost while fulfilling orders within acceptable service times. We focus on single-item orders. Typically, all online orders for the item are sent to a favorable set of locations to be filled. Failed trials are sent back for further stages of trial fulfillment until the process times out. The multistage order fulfillment problem is thus an interplay of the pick-failure probabilities at the stores where they may be shipped from and the picking, shipping, and cancellation costs from these locations. Methodology: We model the problem as one of sequencing the stores from which an order is attempted to be picked and shipped in the most cost-effective way over multiple stages. We solve the fulfillment problem optimally by taking into account the changing pick-failure probabilities as a result of other online order fulfillment trials by casting it as a network flow problem with convex costs. We incorporate this as the second stage of a two-stage online order acceptance problem and generalize earlier results to the case with pick failures at stores. Results: We investigate the real-world performance of our methods and models on real order data of several of the top U.S. retailers that use our collaborating e-commerce solutions provider to optimize their fulfillment strategies. Academic/Practical Relevance: Our work enables retailers to incorporate pick failure in their order management systems for ship-from-store programs. Our new online order-acceptance policies that take into account pick failures can thus create significant savings for omnichannel retailers. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1164 .

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Eberly, David A. "C OMBINING DISTRIBUTED G ENERATIONAND E NERGY M ANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES TO ACHIEVE E NERGY C OST SAVINGS." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, January 12, 2004, 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.1913.

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Applying energy management systems to building control systemsprovides the capability to merge several conventional and non-conven-tional cost reduction strategies.Energy consumption reductions are derived from conventionalstrategies such as temperature resets in air and water handling systems,chiller plant optimization, HVAC scheduling optimization, and automa-tion of lighting system operation. These activities alone represent a sig-nificant potential for energy savings at a facility.In the current era of deregulation, both the natural gas and electricutility suppliers find themselves in a changing and more competitivebusiness environment. As a result, creative rate options have been devel-oped to retain current customers and to attract new ones.Electric utility rates, including RTP (real time pricing), and inter-ruptible service (IS) have been available to PJM (Pennsylvania, New Jer-sey, and Maryland) customers since 1994. On-site power generation sys-tems have been utilized by many facilities to take advantage of theserates to reduce electric costs. Energy management systems are also usedto manage the operation of on-site power generation systems, conven-tionally for power outages or to improve power quality.This article describes the installation of a 2,000 kW on-site powergeneration system, and the integration of its capabilities with a facilityenergy management system to exploit an interruptible electric servicerate. These systems are installed at a 600-acre corporate campus site,located in central Pennsylvania. There are 28 buildings occupying thesite, enclosing approximately 1,000,000 square feet of conditioned space By combining capabilities of the EMS (energy management system) andon-site power generation systems, the subject facility can interrupt morethan 70 % of its on-peak summer electric load, within 2 hours after a curtail-ment request, utilizing minimal staff, and causing minimal noticeablechange to employees working at the site. The application of these sys-tems has reduced the Campus annual electricity costs by more than 25%since implementation in July 2001.

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Ifeanyichi, Martilord, Henk Broekhuizen, Mweene Cheelo, Adinan Juma, Gerald Mwapasa, Eric Borgstein, John Kachimba, et al. "Surgical ambulance referrals in sub-Saharan Africa – financial costs and coping strategies at district hospitals in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (July 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06709-5.

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Abstract Background An estimated nine out of ten persons in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are unable to access timely, safe and affordable surgery. District hospitals (DHs) which are strategically located to provide basic (non-specialist) surgical care for rural populations have in many instances been compromised by resource inadequacies, resulting in unduly frequent patient referrals to specialist hospitals. This study aimed to quantify the financial burdens of surgical ambulance referrals on DHs and explore the coping strategies employed by these facilities in navigating the challenges. Methods We employed a multi-methods descriptive case study approach, across a total of 14 purposively selected DHs; seven, three, and four in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia, respectively. Three recurrent cost elements were identified: fuel, ambulance maintenance and staff allowances. Qualitative data related to coping mechanisms were obtained through in-depth interviews of hospital managers while quantitative data related to costs of surgical referrals were obtained from existing records (such as referral registers, ward registers, annual financial reports, and other administrative records) and expert estimates. Interview notes were analysed by manual thematic coding while referral statistics and finance data were processed and analysed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Results At all but one of the hospitals, respondents reported inadequacies in numbers and functional states of the ambulances: four centres indicated employing non-ambulance vehicles to convey patients occassionally. No statistically significant correlation was found between referral trip distances and total annual numbers of referral trips, but hospital managers reported considering costs in referral practices. For instance, ten of the study hospitals reported combining patients to minimize trip frequencies. The total cost of ambulance use for patient transportation ranged from I$2 k to I$58 k per year. Between 34% and 79% of all patient referrals were surgical, with total costs ranging from I$1 k to I$32 k per year. Conclusion Cost considerations strongly influence referral decisions and practices, indicating a need for increases in budgetary allocations for referral services. High volumes of potentially avoidable surgical referrals provide an economic case – besides equitable access to healthcare – for scaling up surgery capacity at the district level as savings from decreased referrals could be reinvested in referral systems strengthening.

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