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Статті в журналах з теми "CONVERSION GAIN"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Omer, Thomas C., George A. Plesko, and Marjorie K. Shelley. "The Influence of Tax Costs on Organizational Choice in the Natural Resource Industry." Journal of the American Taxation Association 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2000.22.1.38.

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This study investigates the influence of TRA86, pre-TRA86 tax strategies, and firm characteristics on S conversions in the natural resource industry. TRA86 shifted substantial individual tax costs to corporations, inviting conversions, but also lowered corporate marginal tax rates and changed aspects of the built-in gain provision to reduce conversion benefits. Built-in gain changes affect industries differently because of differences in asset composition and economic conditions. The natural resource industry had substantial built-in gain potential and was consolidating and restructuring during the mid-80s, making built-in gain realization likely. Our results suggest that built-in gains negatively influenced conversions in the natural resource industry. This study enhances our understanding of the interaction between TRA86 rate changes and other provisions on incentives to convert from C to S corporate status. It also contributes to the organizational form literature by identifying factors related to TRA86, S corporation operating restrictions, firm characteristics, and tax strategies that influence conversion decisions.

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2

Chen, Aixin, Xiangwei Ning, Xin Liu, and Zhe Zhang. "High‐gain polarization conversion metasurface." ETRI Journal 41, no. 2 (January 12, 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2018-0245.

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3

Heshmati, Z., I. C. Hunter, and R. D. Pollard. "Microwave Parametric Frequency Dividers With Conversion Gain." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 55, no. 10 (October 2007): 2059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2007.906490.

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4

Izmaïlov, G. N., and V. S. Gorelik. "Gain of photon-axion conversion in paramagnetics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1051 (July 2018): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1051/1/012015.

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5

Keel, L. H., and S. P. Bhattacharyya. "On the Energy or Power Efficiency of a Linear System." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.368.

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A linear time-invariant (LTI) system is usually characterized by its gains, which are ratios of various output and input signal magnitudes. When the main function of the system is energy conversion, one is more interested in the power or energy gain or loss between input and output terminals. Such a "gain" represents the efficiency of the system as an energy conversion device. In this paper, we show that the power or energy "gain" of an LTI system can be determined as a nonlinear function of three signal gains of the system. This results in an explicit formula for the power (energy) gain in terms of the system parameters. This can then be optimized over the design parameters to maximize the gain and thus the system energy efficiency. A detailed DC circuit example is included for illustration. The energy efficiency of an LTI system operating in a steady state in response to a sinusoidal signal is also determined.

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6

TANG, YONGAN, AZAD SIAHMAKOUN, GRANIERI SERGIO, SEIFU TEFERRA, BRANISLAV VLAHOVIC, and CHENG CHENG. "A WAVELENGTH CONVERSION BASED ON CROSS-GAIN MODULATION OF A SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER FIBER RING LOOP." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 02 (June 2009): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004610.

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We investigate the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) fiber ring loop theoretically and experimentally. Based on the XGM, a wavelength conversion is designed. We experimentally carry out an SOA wavelength conversion, which converts a 20 MHz sinusoidal modulated input optical signal at a wavelength of 1317 nm to an output optical signal at a wavelength of 1314.3 nm. In this type of wavelength conversion, a tunable optical filter is utilized to select the target wavelength of the output signal from the fiber ring loop, and this target wavelength signal is accumulated and amplified as the resonance of the fiber ring loop. The introduction of the tunable optical filter into the fiber ring loop system makes it very easy to obtain any desired target wavelength from this XGM wavelength conversion system; this remarkable property means that the SOA wavelength conversions have broader applications in optical networking and beyond. Higher frequency modulation XGM wavelength conversion may be obtained by scaling down the length of the fiber ring loop.

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7

Bahleda, Miroslav, and Karol Blunar. "The Gain of Performance of Optical WDM Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/289690.

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We study the blocking probability and performance of single-fiber and multifiber optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We extend the well-known analytical blocking probability model by Barry and Humblet to the general model, which is proposed for both single-fiber and multifiber network paths with any kind of wavelength conversion (no, limited, or full wavelength conversion) and for uniform and nonuniform link loads. We investigate the effect of the link load, wavelength conversion degree, and the number of wavelengths, fibers, and hops on blocking probability. We also extend the definition of the gain of wavelength conversion by Barry and Humblet to the gain of performance, which is fully general. Thanks to this definition and implementation of our model, we compare different WDM node architectures and present interesting results.

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8

Foo, Yee-Loo. "Wireless power transfer with transmit diversity." F1000Research 10 (September 13, 2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.72986.1.

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Background: Wireless power transfer is important for energizing and recharging the Internet-of-Things (IoT) cordlessly. Harnessing energy effectively from radio waves has become a crucial task. It is known that diversities at the transmitting antenna and waves (i.e. simultaneous continuous waves with center frequencies separated apart) can enhance the radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) energy conversion. What remains unknown is the extent of which the wave diversity enhances the conversion gain. This study attempts to examine the RF-to-DC conversion gain of applying wave diversity. This paper investigates the effects of wave diversity on the energy conversion efficiency, and contributes the analytical expression that relate the conversion efficiency to the diversity count, i.e. the number of simultaneously transmitted sinewaves. Methods: We adopted a theoretical approach to the problem. First, we derived and presented a theoretical model that incorporated different forms of transmit diversity, i.e. antenna and wave diversities. This model then connected a RF-to-DC energy conversion model resulting from polynomial fitting on circuit simulation results. With the availability of these two models, we determined the theoretical energy conversion gain of simultaneously transmitting multiple sinewaves. Results: The results showed that transmitting multiple sinewaves simultaneously yields diversity gain and higher energy conversion efficiency. Most importantly, the gain and conversion efficiency can now be theoretically quantified. For example, at certain RF power measured at the receiver circuit, the diversity gain of transmitting four sinewaves is 2.6 (as compared to transmitting single sinewave). In fact, both the diversity gain and conversion efficiency increased with the number of simultaneously transmitted sinewaves. In another example, the conversion efficiency of transmitting four sinewaves is 0.1 as compared to 0.075 of two sinewaves. Conclusions: In summary, this paper presents a novel analytical expression for wave diversity in the context of wireless power transfer.

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9

Ferri, Francesco, and Morten B. Kramer. "Robust Gain Scheduling Control for Wave Energy Conversion." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 12301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1177.

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10

Spasibko, K. Yu, T. Sh Iskhakov, and M. V. Chekhova. "Spectral properties of high-gain parametric down-conversion." Optics Express 20, no. 7 (March 19, 2012): 7507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.007507.

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11

Hwu, R. J., A. Djuandi, and S. C. Lee. "Negative differential resistance (NDR) frequency conversion with gain." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 41, no. 5 (May 1993): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.234531.

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12

Helkey, R., J. C. Twichell, and C. Cox. "A down-conversion optical link with RF gain." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 6 (June 1997): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.588665.

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13

Claassen, M., and U. Guttich. "Conversion matrix and gain of self-oscillating mixers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 39, no. 1 (1991): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.64601.

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14

Moore, G. T., K. Koch, and M. E. Dearborn. "Gain enhancement of multistage parametric intracavity frequency conversion." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 33, no. 10 (1997): 1734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.631276.

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15

Brabetz, T., and V. F. Fusco. "Millimeter-wave down-converter conversion gain performance enhancement." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 32, no. 6 (February 7, 2002): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10189.

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16

Chen, Jun-Da. "A low-voltage ultra-wideband down-conversion mixer with improved power conversion gain." International Journal of Electronics 98, no. 8 (August 2011): 1055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2011.582447.

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17

Xiaoqing Li, Xiaoqing Li, Jing Yang Jing Yang, Xinzhi Sheng Xinzhi Sheng, Jingyuan Zhang Jingyuan Zhang, Dafu Cui Dafu Cui, Qinjun Peng Qinjun Peng, and Zuyan Xu Zuyan Xu. "Frequency up-conversion imaging with 60-dB gain using picosecond optical parametric amplif ier." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 11 (2013): 111901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.111901.

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18

Pan, Yue, Xuewu Fan, Hu Wang, Hui Zhao, Yulei Qiu, Wei Gao, and Jian Zhang. "Accurate Determination of Conversion Gains of SVOM VT CCDs Based on a Signal-Dependent Charge-Sharing Mechanism." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080931.

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The signal-variance method and the photon transfer curve method are the most valuable tools for calculating the conversion gains of charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors. This paper describes the phenomena that arise in the conversion gain measurements of space multi-band variable object monitor (SVOM) visible telescope (VT) CCDs, where the results of the signal-variance method increase with the image gray level, and the results of the photon transfer curve method appear with nonlinearity, which is caused by the signal-dependent charge sharing mechanism of back-illuminated CCDs. A numerical simulation model based on random variables was adopted to analyze the influence of the mechanism on the gain determination. The model simulates all the signals and noise in the flat field image, including the photon signal and photon-shot noise, readout noise, fixed pattern noise, and the signal-dependent charge-sharing signal, and it demonstrated agreement with the experimental data. Then, we proposed a quadratic polynomial curve-fitting formula for the photon transfer curve, and we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between the fitting coefficients and the gain, the signal-dependent charge sharing coefficient, and the full well capacity using the control variable method. Finally, the formula was used to accurately determine the conversion gains of SVOM VT CCDs.

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19

Wang, YiYang, Haipeng Duan, Long He, Xu Wu, Dongming Wang, and Lianming Li. "Design of 39-GHz Up- and Down-Conversion Mixers for 5G mmWave TDD Applications." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.149.

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This article presents fully integrated 39-GHz bidirectional up- and down-conversion mixers for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with a 1.2-V supply voltage, the up- and down-conversion mixers consume 39 and 43 mW, respectively. For 5G time-division duplexing (TDD) operation, intermediate-frequency (IF)/local-oscillator (LO)/radio-frequency (RF) T/R switches are introduced. For better isolation and low insertion loss between the up- and down-conversion mixer, a series-shunt single-pole double-throw (SPDT) structure and an equivalent lumped λ/4 transmission line are proposed for IF and RF T/R switches, respectively. To realize compact area and wide bandwidth, a transformer-based matching network is adopted in this design. Targeting multi-channel phased array applications, the measurement result shows that the up-conversion mixer achieves a 2.5-dB peak conversion gain with 6.5 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. Including the insertion loss of the switch and IF signal routing, at the maximum gain of 36.5 GHz, the up-conversion mixer achieves an output 1-dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of 2.5 dBm. Furthermore, the down-conversion mixer achieves a 5-dB peak conversion gain with a 9.7-GHz 3-dB bandwidth.

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20

Li, Ze, Jun Wei, Xiaoxian Huang, and Feifei Xu. "Laboratory Radiometric Calibration Technique of an Imaging System with Pixel-Level Adaptive Gain." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042083.

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In a routine optical remote sensor, there is a contradiction between the two requirements of high radiation sensitivity and high dynamic range. Such a problem can be solved by adopting pixel-level adaptive-gain technology, which is carried out by integrating multilevel integrating capacitors into photodetector pixels and multiple nondestructive read-outs of the target charge with a single exposure. There are four gains for any one pixel: high gain (HG), medium gain (MG), low gain (LG), and ultralow gain (ULG). This study analyzes the requirements for laboratory radiometric calibration, and we designed a laboratory calibration scheme for the distinctive imaging method of pixel-level adaptive gain. We obtained calibration coefficients for general application using one gain output, and the switching points of dynamic range and the proportional conversion relationship between adjacent gains as the adaptive-gain output. With these results, on-orbit quantification applications of spectrometers adopting pixel-level automatic gain adaptation technology are guaranteed.

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21

Zhang, Guiheng, Wei Zhang, Jun Fu, and Bo Song. "An amplifier-doubler chain with conversion gain improvement techniques." IEICE Electronics Express 15, no. 3 (2018): 20171118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.15.20171118.

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22

Li, Hai-Peng, Guang-Ming Wang, Jian-Gang Liang, and Xiang-Jun Gao. "WIDEBAND MULTIFUNCTIONAL METASURFACE FOR POLARIZATION CONVERSION AND GAIN ENHANCEMENT." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 155 (2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier16012011.

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23

Yao, X. S. "Polarization insensitive antenna remoting link with frequency conversion gain." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 12, no. 10 (October 2000): 1382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.883837.

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24

Moran, Mark. "Psychiatrists Gain Tools to Help Predict Conversion to Psychosis." Psychiatric News 43, no. 3 (February 2008): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.43.3.0002.

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25

Mondal, Shrijeet, Jiangtao Xu, and Carlos E. Saavedra. "Digitally assisted CMOS mixer with tight conversion‐gain flatness." Electronics Letters 51, no. 25 (December 2015): 2119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.1929.

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26

Yelin, S. F., M. D. Lukin, M. O. Scully, and Paul Mandel. "Gain without inversion in the frequency up-conversion regime." Physical Review A 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 3858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.57.3858.

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27

Shao, W., and J. L. Li. "Design of a Microwave Frequency Tripler with Conversion Gain." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 26, no. 2-3 (January 2012): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939312800030866.

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28

Joao, R. M., and F. J. Costa. "Design technique for MESFET mixers for maximum conversion gain." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 38, no. 12 (1990): 1972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.64582.

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29

Ch.Cayrou, J., M. Gayral, J. Graffeuil, and J. F. Sautereau. "Simple expression for conversion gain of MESFET drain mixers." Electronics Letters 29, no. 17 (1993): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931009.

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30

Wang, Jhen-Ji, Duan-Yu Chen, San-Fu Wang, Rong-Shan Wei, and Ching-Yung Hsueh. "Low power up-conversion mixer with gain control function." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 70, no. 8 (August 2016): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2016.05.001.

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31

Lee, Bok Hyung, Sung Chan Kim, Mun Kyo Lee, Woo Suk Sul, Byeong Ok Lim, Won Young Uhm, and Jin Koo Rhee. "Q-band high conversion gain active sub-harmonic mixer." Current Applied Physics 4, no. 1 (February 2004): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2003.09.015.

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32

Kuzegera Isabirye, David, James Higenyi, Elizabeth Kizito, and Esau Galukande. "Evaluation of Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Lablab Purpureus Seed Meal on the Performance of Broilers." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v20i2.2.

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This study investigated the use of Lablab purpureus seed meal as protein ingredient replacing fish meal. One hundred eighty (180) broiler chicks were used in a complete randomized block design. Three treatments were used; A (fish meal, as control), B (30% fish replacement by roasted lablab with enzyme supplement) and C (45% fish replacement by roasted lablab with enzyme supplement). The parameters studied were; feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. Throughout the study, chicks registered high feed intake on diet C and A while that in group B reported the least. Average weight gains were high for group C and A while group B registered the lowest. Feed conversion ration; lowest for group C and highest in group B. Therefore, a better performance of broilers is enhanced consumption by high intake of feed, high weight gains and low FCR, 45% dietary fish meal can be replaced by Lablab purpureus seed meal with enzyme supplement in a compounded broiler finisher.

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33

ES-SAQY, Abdelhafid, Maryam Abata, Mohammed Fattah, Said Mazer, Mahmoud Mehdi, Moulhime El Bekkali, and Cathrine Algani. "High Conversion Gain Self-Oscillating Mixer for 5G mm-wave Applications." ASM Science Journal 17 (March 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.948.

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We develop in this paper, a high conversion gain self-oscillating mixer (SOM) for 5G mm-wave applications using commercial 0.15µm GaAs PHEMT from UMS foundry. The up-conversion SOM transpose the IF signal from 2 GHz to 26 GHz LSB (lower sideband) signal using a 28GHz LO signal. The simulation results show that the SOM has a maximum conversion gain of 19dB, according to our knowledge, this structure presents the highest gain compared to SOMs published in the literature. While the 1dB compression point is obtained for an IF power of -20.6 dBm. The SOM circuit consumes 129mW and it occupies an area of 0.741 mm2.

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34

Gu, Cheng Jie, Xiang Ning Fan, Kuan Bao, and Zai Jun Hua. "Design of a Reconfigurable Mixer for Multi-Mode Multi-Standard Receivers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.553.

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This paper reports a reconfigurable wideband passive mixer for direct conversion multimode multi-standard receivers. Different from the traditional current-commutating passive mixers, transconductor stage of this design is variable. And the TIA stage is a second-order low-pass transimpedance amplifiers based on Tow-Thomas biquad topology, working as a current mode filter. The mixer is controlled by a 4-bit control word to realize the flexible gain and variable intermediate frequency bandwidth. Other characteristics such as power consumption, NF, and linearity is also reconfigurable according to different communication standard. Circuit is implementing in 0.18μm CMOS technology. Post-simulation results show that, with the radio frequency ranges from 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz, it provides four voltage conversion gains (10/16/22/28dB) and three-3 dB intermediate frequency bandwidth (5/7.5/10MHz). Under the maximum gain, the double sideband NF of the mixer is 8.4 dB. And under the minimum gain, IIP3 is 13 dBm. The chip occupies an area of 0.248 mm2 and drains a current of 8.5mA from a 1.8 V supply when the mixer has highest gain.

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35

Li, Yukun, Yong Zhang, Xiao Li, Yapei Chen, Fei Xiao, Wei Cheng, Yan Sun, Haiyan Lu, and Ruimin Xu. "A High Conversion Gain 210-GHz InP DHBT Sub-Harmonic Mixer Using Gain-Enhanced Structure." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 101453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930800.

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36

Rumondor, Agung R. P., B. Tulung, A. Rumambi, and C. A. Rahasia. "PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN JAGUNG DENGAN SORGUM Cv. KAWALI DALAM RANSUM PELLET TERHADAP PERFORMANS KELINCI LOKAL." ZOOTEC 39, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.1.2019.22129.

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Анотація:

EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF CORN WITH SORGUM Cv. KAWALI IN PELLET RANSUM ON LOCAL RABBIT PERFORM. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution corn with sorghum in rabbit rations on feed consumption, body weight gain, and ration conversion. The duration of the study was 28 days using 20 local rabbits. The statistical design used in this study was a completely randomized design, with 4 (four) treatment rations and 5 (five) replications. The four experimental rations, namely R0: 45% corn + 0% sorghum, R1: 30% corn + 15% sorghum, R2 15% corn + 30% sorghum, R3 0% corn + 45% sorghum. Variables were measured, viz: feed consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion. The results showed that the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion, were: 28.27–30.59 g /head /day, 15.76–21.55 g / head /day, and 1.42-1.80 g /head /day, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance, the treatments ration had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on consumption, but had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on body weight gain and feed conversion. The LSD test showed that all treatment rations using sorghum (R1, R2, and R3) gave results of body weight gain which were very significantly different (P <0.01) and higher than R0. Whereas, on ration conversion, treatments R1, R2, and R3 give very different results (P <0.01) lower than R0. It is concluded that the substitution of corn with sorghum at the level of 45% in the ration gives the highest results for body weight gain and conversion of rations for rabbits. Keywords: corn, sorghum, ration, performance, local rabbit

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37

Widharto, Damaryanto, and Gebby Citra Vastu Gumilar. "Substitusi Pakan Komersial dengan Ampas Kecap Ekstrusi dan Ampas Kecap Fermentasi terhadap Performans Ayam Pedaging." Jurnal Pengembangan Penyuluhan Pertanian 17, no. 31 (November 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36626/jppp.v17i31.414.

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The research was conducted to know influence of extruded and fermented soybean pulp in commercial feed in feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. The research use 60 day old chick of broilers which were devided into 4 treatments, that is 1) were given commercial feed without substitution of extruded and fermented soybean pulp (T-0), 2) were given commercial feed with substitution of extruded soybean pulp as much as 5% (T-1), and 3) were given commercial feed with substitution of fermented soybean pulp as much as 5% (T-2). The variables observed feed consumption, average daily gain, and feed coversion. The result showed highly significant for feed consumption (P ≤ 0,01) but non significant for average daily gain and feed conversion (P ≥ 0,05) . Feed consumption is 128.08 (T-0), 106.23 (T-1), 58.77 (T-2), and 109.73 g/head/day (T-3); average daily gain is 51.95 (T-0), 46.90 (T-1), and 47.32 (T-2); feed conversion 2.51 (T-0), 2.27 (T-1), and 2.32 (T-2). Research conclusion is substtution of extruded and fermented soybean pulp in ration not yet to improve average daily gain and feed conversion, but can pressure of feed consumption.

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38

Ali Azam Khan, Md, and Mohammad Ali Choudhury. "Efficient Voltage Regulation with Modified Hybrid SEPIC DC-DC-Converter." MATEC Web of Conferences 160 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816002004.

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Switch mode dc-dc converters are attractive for their small size, ease of control and efficient power conversion. Output voltage is regulated by duty cycle control of semiconductor switch of switch mode dc-dc converters. The voltage gain and efficiency of practical switching regulators deviate from ideal values at extreme duty cycles. Also, desired gain /attenuation is not achievable at high/low duty cycles. In applications where high gain or high attenuation of voltage is desired with acceptable energy conversion efficiency, hybrid dc-dc switching converters are used. Hybrid dc-dc converters are combination of voltage multiplier/division circuit with appropriate SMPS circuits. By incorporating voltage multiplier/division cell with conventional SEPIC converters, desired voltage gain (either very low or very high) may be achieved at acceptable energy conversion efficiency. In the present work with an aim to attain very high voltage gain by conventional SEPIC topologies, a new voltage multiplier cell consisting of multiple inductors and diodes is proposed.

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39

Lima, Josiane Aparecida de, Ivana Lícia de Campos Gavioli, Cristina Maria Pacheco Barbosa, Alexandre Berndt, Flávia Maria de Andrade Gimenes, Claudia Cristina de Paro Paz, and Eduardo Antonio da Cunha. "Soybean silage and sugarcane tops silage on lamb performance." Ciência Rural 43, no. 8 (July 9, 2013): 1478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013005000098.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep fed with diets consisting of different proportions of soybean silage and sugarcane tip silage. Twenty four lambs from Morada Nova breed were used, with an average age of 75 days and average weight of 16.98±2.62kg. The following diets were evaluated: T1 = 20% sugarcane tops silage + 80% concentrate, T2 = 20% sugarcane tops silage + 30% soybean silage + 50% concentrate, T3 = 20% sugarcane tops silage + 60% soybean silage + 20% concentrate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight repetitions and each animal was a repetition. It was evaluated the intake of dry matter, organic matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio and efficiency. The total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and efficiency were similar, with average values of 7.9kg animal-1, 133.3g animal-1 day-1, 6.2 and 0.17, respectively. Diets based on sugarcane tops silage enriched with soybean silage + concentrate provide greater nutrient intake in relation to diet composed only of sugarcane tops silage + concentrate. Sugarcane tops silage supplemented with protein concentrate or enriched with soybean silage with lower inclusion of concentrate resulted in similar weight gains and feed conversion efficiency.

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40

Ugwuowo, L. C., and N. H. Anyaokei. "Tolerance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) to varying levels of table Salt." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.106.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed diets containing different levels of sodium chloride. One hundred and twenty snails were subjected to four dietary treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% sodium chloride respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. The measured parameters included weight gain, feed intake, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. Feed cost, cost of feed per kg weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also calculated. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and shell thickness but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cost of feed per kg weight gain, shell length and shell circumference in the snails fed the treatment diets. Treatment 2 had the highest average daily weight gain (0.07±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.91±0.08) and feed cost (7.19±0.64) but the lowest feed conversion ratio (13.15±61.76) while treatment 1 had the lowest average daily weight gain (0.04±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.70±0.20) and feed cost (5.54±0.18) but the highest feed conversion ratio (15.86±0.5). This shows that inclusion of sodium chloride above 0.25% in the diet of Archachatina marginata affects both the feed intake and weight gain of the snails.

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41

Aina, A. B. J. "Effect of dietary salt levels on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i1.1508.

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A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effect of levels (0, 5, 10, and 15g/kg cassava peels, respectively) of common salt and cassava peels (dry and fresh using Gmelina arborea leaves as a basal diet on the average daily gain, dry matter intake, seed conversion efficiency and water consumption in West African Dwarf goats. Total dry matter intake and the average Gmelina arborea leaf intake increased with applied common salt, irrespective of cassava peel form. Increasing common salt level also increased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency in both dry and fresh cassava peels, but this was not accompanied by a remarkable gain beyond 5g common salt. Moreover, the average cassava peel intake increased but not significantly (P>0.05) with salt level up to 10g beyond which there was a sharp decline and an insignificant gain with dry and fresh cassava peels, respectively. Goats fed dry cassava peels significantly (P<0.05) consumed more water as the salt level increased in the diet. It was concluded that application of 5g common salt per kg dry cassava peels promoted highest daily gain, optimum dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency in West African Dwarf goal production. However, the response with fresh cassava peels revealed no statistically significant difference in average daily gain, total dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency.

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42

He, Hui, Jian Zhang, Run Xi Zhang, Chun Qi Shi, and Tang Liu. "Two 81-96 GHz Active Frequency Triplers MMIC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.875.

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Two 81-96 GHz frequency triplers, one balanced and one single device, are implemented using a 0.10 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The EM simulation results show that the triplers perform a best conversion gain of -6.8 and -4.7 dB for the balanced and the single device, respectively. The conversion gain of the balanced tripler operating from 81 to 96 GHz is above -9.6 dB at 3dBm input power. The conversion gain of the single device operating from 81 to 96 GHz is above -8 dB at -0.5dBm input power. The fundamental and second harmonic suppression are as high as 30 dB over the whole operating frequency (81-96 GHz) for both circuits.

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43

Trang, Thu, and Nguyen Van Su. "Difference of Gain and Loss on Currency Translation and Conversion." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i5.269.

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This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of translation and conversion of currency. Foreign currency translation is the process of reporting financial information from one currency to another. Foreign currency transactions take place on the spot, forward, or swap markets. Currencies bought or sold on the spot generally have to be delivered as soon as possible, that is, within 2 working days. Foreign currency translation is carried out to prepare joint financial reports. Translation is simply a change in monetary units, just as a balance sheet expressed in British pounds is restated into its US dollar equivalent. No physical exchange takes place, and no related transaction occurs as if a conversion were made.

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44

Trang, Thu, and Nguyen Van Su. "Difference of Gain and Loss on Currency Translation and Conversion." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i5.269.

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Анотація:

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of translation and conversion of currency. Foreign currency translation is the process of reporting financial information from one currency to another. Foreign currency transactions take place on the spot, forward, or swap markets. Currencies bought or sold on the spot generally have to be delivered as soon as possible, that is, within 2 working days. Foreign currency translation is carried out to prepare joint financial reports. Translation is simply a change in monetary units, just as a balance sheet expressed in British pounds is restated into its US dollar equivalent. No physical exchange takes place, and no related transaction occurs as if a conversion were made.

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45

Dyakonov, I. V., P. R. Sharapova, T. Sh Iskhakov, and G. Leuchs. "Direct Schmidt number measurement of high-gain parametric down conversion." Laser Physics Letters 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2015): 065202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/12/6/065202.

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46

Ekstrom, H., B. S. Karasik, E. L. Kollberg, and K. S. Yngvesson. "Conversion gain and noise of niobium superconducting hot-electron-mixers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 43, no. 4 (April 1995): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.375258.

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47

Beltran, Lina, Gaetano Frascella, Angela M. Perez, Robert Fickler, Polina R. Sharapova, Mathieu Manceau, Olga V. Tikhonova, Robert W. Boyd, Gerd Leuchs, and Maria V. Chekhova. "Orbital angular momentum modes of high-gain parametric down-conversion." Journal of Optics 19, no. 4 (March 16, 2017): 044005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa600f.

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48

An, Dan, Sung-Chan Kim, Bok-Hyung Lee, Mun-Kyo Lee, Sam-Dong Kim, Hyun-Chang Park, and Jin-Koo Rhee. "High Conversion Gain Millimeter-Wave Monolithic IC Quadruple Subharmonic Mixer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 4A (April 5, 2007): 1452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.1452.

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49

Che-Hung Lin, Jui-Chieh Chiu, Chih-Ming Lin, Yu-Ann Lai, and Yeong-Her Wang. "A Variable Conversion Gain Star Mixer for Ka-Band Applications." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17, no. 11 (November 2007): 802–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2007.908059.

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50

Zhang, Xiang, Chang Chen, Shan Jiang, Yangyang Wang, and Weidong Chen. "A HIGH-GAIN POLARIZATION RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA USING POLARIZATION CONVERSION METASURFACE." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 105 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc20052001.

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