Дисертації: "Controllo esterno"

1

DE, FERRARIIS ALESSANDRO. "Semplificazione ed effettività del sistema di controllo esterno nelle s.p.a." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200967.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Why a private matter, which is the s.p.a., should be compulsorily subjected to the control of a third party, to the so-called external control? In order to properly answer to this question it is necessary to analyze the interests involved in the "life" of a corporation. In other words, if any irregularities in the governance, reporting, accounting have only harmful effects with respect to those persons who participating in that private business, there will be no reason for a mandatory control that would only affect those who decide themselves to risk in that private business. In that case, we could say that the external control, and in particular the accounting control entrusted to the external auditor, should not be mandatory, but it should be quite a free choice of the company, to be made at the time of incorporation or in the course of the life of the company. After a closer look, however, the interests involved in the life of a company are also the interests of creditors and of third parties that have to choose whether to entertain business relationships with that company. In order to allow the shareholders, creditors and third parties to rely on the accuracy of the data of the company, the lawmaker, over the years, has chosen to oblige the company to appoint an external person (or entity) who, on his own liability, makes a judgment on the regular bookkeeping. So if the auditor should make a positive opinion, without remark, the third would have the assurance that the company’s accounting data are true, correct and clear and, ultimately, for him reliable. Historically, the audit has shown a substantial inefficiency, such as to determine, or, in any case aggravate the crisis that in recent decades have affected the market. In general, the activity of the auditor is to: - checkout, at least quarterly, the regular bookkeeping and correct recording process; - verify the fairness of the financial statements. The goal of our research is to understand if the external control system is currently an effective control or if it is a mere formal control, with no real effect and therefore devoid of any avail. At most, it is likely to be source of an increase in bureaucracy and costs for the company. Following the historical setting, we focused our attention, in particular, on the statutory audit, as mandatory external control, set up in the 70s in the light of the failure of the efficiency of the internal control board. We quickly examined the US regulations and the different theories on liability of gatekeepers expressed by overseas doctrine and jurisprudence. In particular, we place our attention to the legislative changes that have affected particularly the revision, in order to understand if the desired simplification of controls is actually been achieved and whether these legislative changes permit – i.e. oblige - effective control. To our question, maybe we have to answer in the most disappointing way: the external control system, as outlined in our regulation, is ineffective. The lawmaker seems influenced by different interests, thus providing a discipline of compromise between those interests. Once again, then, searching the inspiring principles of the law reform, we will investigate the "interests inspirers".

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Spadaccino, Camilla <1996&gt. "La rappresentazione della maternità da parte delle artiste cinesi contemporanee: controllo esterno sul corpo delle donne e reazioni dall'interno." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21654.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

L’analisi alla base di questo elaborato parte dal presupposto che il controllo sulle scelte e sui corpi delle donne riguardanti le condizioni e i dettagli della gravidanza e dell'esperienza della maternità sia guidato da diverse forze: il Partito Comunista Cinese, la famiglia, il pensiero confuciano. Questi elementi hanno tuttora un peso nel contesto culturale cinese, avendo questi una storia e un’influenza rilevanti. Allo stesso tempo, le reazioni di chi ha vissuto queste dinamiche in prima persona sono importanti non solo in relazione alla conseguente produzione artistica da parte delle artiste cinesi, ma anche come empowerment, acquisito da donne e artiste grazie a un punto di vista, quando non un vissuto, diversi da quello della controparte maschile. È necessario prendere in considerazione la percezione e il significato dato alla maternità e al ruolo delle madri in Cina per cogliere il potere contemporaneo della rappresentazione della maternità. Tenendo in considerazione diversi elementi, tra cui quelli che continuano a definire standard e modelli della maternità, decostruire e ricostruire l'immagine delle madri in Cina sono una parte principale del discorso, a partire dalle teorie sociali e culturali fino al coinvolgimento del femminismo e all'arte contemporanea. Partendo da questa prospettiva, e citando anche artisti contemporanei cinesi, quando in relazione con la maternità, il mio elaborato si vuole concentrare sulla produzione successiva agli Ottanta del Novecento delle artiste cinesi contemporanee, in particolare di Lin Tianmiao, Xiang Jing, Yu Hong, Xing Danwen, He Chenyao, Patty Chang. Nel corso dello scorso secolo si è assistito a un crescente interesse per i diritti, le percezioni e le voci delle donne, ma mancano ancora rappresentazioni femminili e femministe di ciò che sappiamo essere tabù. Questo comprende anche la discriminazione di genere – affrontata in modo discontinuo nel corso del Novecento in Cina, ma sempre subordinata a questione di ordine e costruzione sociale ed economica del paese – e il pregiudizio per cui non vi possono essere madri femministe. Tenendo conto della storia delle madri cinesi e dei movimenti femministi globali, il tema della produzione contemporanea femminile cinese e della produzione di quest’ultime è ancora lontano dall'essere pienamente esplorato.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Favaro, Riccardo <1991&gt. "Il nuovo sales manager: impatto delle Competenze e dei Comportamenti di Cittadinanza Organizzativa sul controllo interno ed esterno nella logica del channel management." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7314.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Il sales manager ha il compito di esercitare il controllo consentendo al proprio team e all’azienda di raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati. Tuttavia, a causa della dinamicità dell’ambiente di mercato globale, non è sufficiente che possegga le competenze necessarie a guidare il proprio team bensì deve saper estendere la propria influenza verso l’esterno al fine di creare politiche di sviluppo comuni per le aziende-partner di canale. Ciò ha condotto a una profonda modificazione del ruolo che ha progressivamente assunto una serie di connotazioni che lo rendono ibrido, frutto della commistione con varie aree aziendali e sempre più aperto verso il channel management. Le ultime tendenze prevedono che il sales manager sia un soggetto maggiormente dinamico, con una precisa valenza strategica e sempre più lontano dalla figura di semplice “supervenditore” legata ai modelli di sales management del passato. Questa tesi, partendo dalle indagini di Piercy et al. (2012) e Mehta et al. (2000), si pone l’obiettivo di verificare come venga esercitato il controllo interno ed esterno da parte dei sales manager operanti nei territori delle province di Padova e Treviso e intende far progredire il dibattito scientifico in materia di sales e channel management unendo e incrociando i risultati ottenuti rispondendo a inediti quesiti di ricerca.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Pappalardi, Domenico. "Pharmaceutical filling machines: automated insertion for vials in tray using anthropomorphic robot and brushless motors." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17663/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

L'attività di tesi è stata svolta su una riempitrice farmaceutica. L’obiettivo di una macchina riempitrice farmaceutica è quello di processare prodotti farmaceutici. In particolare la macchina riceve in input le unità prodotto vuote e attraverso un processo automatizzato vengono effettuati su questi prodotti varie operazioni. L’obiettivo finale è quello di avere in uscita dalla macchina tutte le unità prodotto contenente il medicinale e pronte per essere utilizzate dal cliente. La macchina in esame è suddivisa in varie unità. Ognuna di esse ha l’obiettivo di eseguire una certa operazione sulle unità prodotto. Durante l’attività di tesi si è posta particolare importanza su un’unità della macchina. Questa unità ha il compito di estrarre tutte le unità prodotto che arrivano all'interno dei contenitori e depositarli su delle basi. Da queste basi l’unità a valle eseguirà la sua lavorazione. In particolare, si è posta la maggior attenzione su unità prodotto contenuti in tray come ad esempio flaconi. Il problema è che questi flaconi si presentavano all’interno dei contenitori in maniera capovolta. L’ obiettivo era quello di fornirli all’unità successiva in maniera non capovolta. Il problema è stato affrontato impiegando un robot antropomorfo a sei assi. È stato inoltre interfacciato per la prima volta al robot un asse esterno aggiuntivo che coordinandosi con il robot permette di effettuare il ribaltamento dei flaconi. È stata infine sviluppata una soluzione capace di gestire e processare qualsiasi tipo di unità prodotto.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Giner, Gil Marta. "Role of allyl esters in pest control." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94147.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Les propietats insecticides d’una sèrie d’esters d’al•lil va ésser avaluada en diferents insectes mitjançant diferents modes d’aplicació. L’acció per aplicació tòpica va variar en funció de l’ester d’al•lil aplicat. El cinamat i el naftoat d’al•lil van ser els compostos més actius front a ous i larves neonates de C. pomonella, G. molesta i L. botrana, mentre que el salicilat d’al•lil no va produir mortalitat a la major dosi assajada (10 mg/mL). El cinamat d’al•lil va ser l’únic ester actiu per aplicació tòpica en adults de A. pisum, mentre que tots els esters d’al•lil testatsvan ser actius en adults de T. castaneum. Els esters d’al•lil assajats van produir una pèrdua de la viabilitat cel•lular en les línees cel•lulars d’insectes quan va èsser mesurda mitjançant dos metodologies diferents (MTT i Blau de tripà), degut a una disrupció de les membranes cel•lulars. El cinamat d’al•lil va ser el compost més actiu i les cèl•lules procedents de l’aparell digestiu de Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidòpter) les més sensibles. L’acció insecticida per ingestió va ser confirmada en larves de S. littoralis i C. pomonella, i en nimfes de A. pisum, senyalant l’aparell digestiu com a principal punt d’acció dels esters d’al•lil. Els corresponents àcids i dicloropropilesters van mostrar una menor o igual acció insecticida que els corresponents esters d’al•lil, deguda també, a una acció en la membrana cel•lular. Les diferències en l’acció dels compostos seria deguda a diferències en les propietats lipofíliques dels compostos i la seva interacció amb les membranes cel•lulars. Pel que fa a l’efecte dels esters d’al•lil en la comunicació química dels insectes, aquesta va tenir lloc en T. castaneum però no en A. pisum, el que es podria utilitzar per a mantenir els productes enmagatzemats lliures de T. castaneum. Pel que fa a C. pomonella i a L. botrana, tots els esters d’al•lil assajats van produir una resposta en les antenes dels mascles de C. pomonella, però tan sols el cinamat d’al•lil la va provocar en les femelles de C. pomonella i en mascles i femelles de L. botrana. Aquesta acció no es va veure reflexada en un increment de l’atracció de mascles cap a fonts amb l’ester d’al•lil i feromona en assajos en túnel de vent, però si en l’atracció de femelles. Aquest fet podria utilitzar-se per a incrementar el nombre de captures de femelles en trampes de feromona. Aquests resultats suggereixen un paper dels esters d’al•lil en el control de plagues, especialment del cinamat d’al•lil.
La acción insecticida de varios esteres de alilo fue testada en diversos insectos y mediante distintos modos de aplicación. La actividad por aplicación tópica varió en función del éster de alilo. El cinamato de alilo y el naftoato de alilo fueros los compuestos más activos en huevos y larvas neonatas de C. pomonella, G. molesta y L. botrana, mientras que el salicilato de alilo no produjo mortalidad a la dosis más alta testada (10 mg/mL). El cinamato de alilo fue el único éster activo por aplicación tópica en A. pisum mientras que todos los esteres testados lo fueron para T. castaneum. Los esteres de alilo estudiados produjeron pérdida de viabilidad celular en todas las líneas celulares de insectos cuando dicha viabilidad fue analizada mediante dos metodologías distintas (MTT y Azul de Tripano), y siendo ésta debida a la disrupción de la membrana celular. El cinamato de alilo fue el producto más activo, y las células del aparato digestivo de Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera) las más sensibles. La acción insecticida por ingestión en larvas de S. littoralis y C. pomonella, y en ninfas de A. pisum, fue confirmada y el aparato digestivo fue señalado como principal punto de acción de los esteres de alilo. Los correspondientes ácidos y dicloropropilesteres presentaron una menor o igual acción insecticida que los esteres de alilo siendo dicha acción también debida a un efecto en la membrana celular. Las diferencias en la acción de los distintos compuestos podrían ser debidas a diferencias en las propiedades lipofílicas de los compuestos y su interacción con las membranas celulares. Los esteres de alilo produjeron un efecto en la comunicación química de T. castaneum pero no en A. pisum, lo que podría utilizarse para mantener los productos almacenados libres de T. castaneum. En cuanto a C. pomonella y L. botrana, todos los esteres de alilo probados produjeron una respuesta en las antenas de los machos de C. pomonella, mientras que tan solo el cinamato de alilo la produjo en las antenas de hembras de C. pomonella y en machos y hembras de L. botrana. Esta respuesta no se tradujo en un aumento de la atracción de machos hacia cebos con mezclas de ester de alilo y feromona en ensayos de túnel de viento, pero si aumentó el número de hembras atraídas. Este hecho podría utilizarse par incrementar el número de hembras capturadas en trampas de feromona. Estos resultados, sugieren el papel de los esteres de alilo en el control de plagas, especialmente del cinamato de alilo.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Papiano, Elena <1968&gt. "I controlli esterni e il coordinamento della finanza pubblica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3331/1/TESI_DEF_PDF.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Papiano, Elena <1968&gt. "I controlli esterni e il coordinamento della finanza pubblica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3331/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Cardoso, Elba Guerrieri [UNESP]. "Estudo da atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em ácaros (Acari) de Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87600.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guerriericardoso_e_me_sjrp.pdf: 543830 bytes, checksum: ee4c8341ab09934e22e6d07b33c9cac9 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Visando analisar a atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em organismos presentes em seringueiras, foram estudados os ácaros fitófagos Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) e Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), e predadores Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). Os resultados obtidos são promissores, pois as concentrações de ésteres de sacarose testadas foram capazes de controlar e alterar o ciclo de desenvolvimento dos fitófagos estudados. Houve diminuição da viabilidade dos ovos e alta taxa de mortalidade de larvas e indivíduos adultos. Quanto aos predadores, as concentrações de sucroésteres que foram eficientes para o controle dos fitófagos, não afetaram de forma significativa o seu desenvolvimento, porém causaram sua dispersão. Além de serem produtos biodegradáveis e de baixo impacto ambiental, os ésteres de sacarose mostraram-se eficientes no controle dos fitófagos sem causar alta mortalidades aos predadores estudados, o que viabiliza a utilização desses produtos em programas de manejo integrados de pragas.
Aiming to investigate the acaricid activity of sucrose esters in rubber trees organisms, the present study analyzed the phytophagous mites Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) and Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), and the predators Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). The results obtained were promising, since the tested concentrations of sucrose esters controlled and altered the developmental cycle of the phytophagous mites studied. The viability of the eggs was reduced and the mortality of larvae and adult individuals was high. The sucrose esters concentrations that were efficient to control the phytophagous mites didn t affect significantly the development of the predator ones, although the product caused their dispersion. Apart from being biodegradable products with low environmental impact risks, the sugar esters showed to be efficient to phytophagous mites control, without causing high mortalities to the predator ones, what viabilyzes the use of these products in integrated pests management program.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Sabetti, Michela. "Controlli di qualita in radioterapia a fasci esterni con pellicole Gafchromic EBT3." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9434/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Il lavoro svolto per questa tesi è stato effettuato presso il reparto di Fisica Medica dell’Ospedale Bellaria di Bologna, e ha lo scopo di mettere in evidenza l’efficacia dell’utilizzo di pellicole Gafchromic EBT3 nei controlli di qualità effettuati sull’acceleratore lineare LINAC SynergyS per radioterapia a fasci esterni. L’utilizzo continuo e prolungato dell’acceleratore durante i trattamenti radianti può causare nel tempo una perdita della calibrazione iniziale dei suoi componenti meccanici e dosimetrici: per questo è necessario controllarne periodicamente lo stato di funzionamento. Lo scopo dei controlli di qualità è quindi quello di verificare che tale fenomeno non sia avvenuto, per garantire precisione e sicurezza durante l’irradiazione del paziente (essenziale per i trattamenti ad alta precisione come l’IMRT e il VMAT), richiedendo che il fascio erogato colpisca il tessuto malato e riducendo al minimo l’errore per evitare il danneggiamento dei tessuti sani circostanti. I test effettuati sull’acceleratore lineare rientrano nel programma di assicurazione di qualità elaborato ed implementato a cura dei reparti di Fisica Medica e Radioterapia dell' Ospedale Bellaria di Bologna. Tale programma di assicurazione di qualità, è attuato per garantire che i risultati dei test rientrino nelle tolleranze meccaniche e dosimetriche previste dal protocollo dei controlli di qualità per le prove di stato e periodiche sull’acceleratore lineare in vigore all' AUSL di Bologna. In particolare in questo lavoro di tesi sono state effettuate prove dosimetriche, quali la verifica dell’omogeneità e della simmetria del fascio radiante, e prove meccaniche quali la verifica della corrispondenza tra isocentro meccanico ed isocentro radiante. Per queste verifiche sperimentali sono state utilizzate le pellicole radiocromiche Gafchromic EBT3; si tratta di dosimetri bidimensionali particolarmente adatti alla verifica dei trattamenti ad intensità modulata (IMRT, VMAT) che consentono un’accurata stima della distribuzione e dei gradienti di dose assorbita. L'utilizzo delle pellicole Gafchromic EBT3 insieme al software FilmQA Pro si è rivelato uno strumento dosimetrico preciso, accurato e pratico per effettuare i controlli di qualità di base su un acceleratore lineare per radioterapia.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Burns, Matthew. "Iterative reagent-controlled homologation of boronic esters." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658620.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis is concerned with developing a protocol for the reagent-controlled iterative homologation of boronic esters. Initial work focused on the synthesis of the highly enantioenriched Grignard reagent (5)-261 generated from sulfoxide (-)-anti-250 using a sulfoxide ligand exchange reaction. Grignard reagent (5)-261 has been successfully applied in the homologation of boronic esters 175 and (R)-176. However, it was found that Grignard reagent (5)-261 did not possess sufficiently high reactivity to homologate the sterically more hindered boronic ester 177. We therefore explored the use of highly enantioenriched Iithio derivatives as reagents for the homologation of boronic esters. Methods to generate Iithiated benzoates through a sulfoxide ligand exc~ange reaction proved fruitless as competing deprotonation occurred instead. A successful protocol was ultimately found in utilising the tin - lithium exchange reaction. A twostep procedure was developed that enabled the synthesis of either enantiomer of stannane 328 in 99.9 : 0.1 e.r.. Subjecting stannane 328 to a tin - lithium exchange generated Iithiated benzoate 272 which proved to be a highly effective reagent for the iterative homologation of boronic esters. Using Iithiated benzoate 272 we were able to rapidly construct molecules with ten contiguous stereocentres through an iterative homologation sequence. By choosing to use either (5)-272 or (R)-272 we have developed a system where any diastereoisomer can be synthesised. To demonstrate the potential of the methodology we have synthesised boronic esters 339,350 and 353. We have shown that by controlling. the configuration of the stereoecentres along a branched carbon chain we are able to control the conformation of the carbon backbone in the solid state. The alternating syn-anti diastereoisomer 350 causes the molecule to adopt a linear conformation in the solid state in order to minimise destabilising syn-pentane interactions. The all syn diastereoisomer, boronic ester 353 was successfully synthesised using our methodology. Additionally, we have shown that the crystalline derivative 355, adopts a helical conformation in the solid state, again to minimise destabilising syn-pentane interactions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Wehr, Pitt Paul. "Biofertilizantes, a base de esterco bovino, no controle de Phytophthora nicotianae em citros." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/179.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6260.pdf: 1745400 bytes, checksum: 87ca153ad8aa5416213c367810bb3f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-08
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic liquid fertilizeres made from fresh cattle manure, produced under anaerobic digestion or forced oxygenation, for the control of Phytophthora nicotianae. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate separately the effect of the components in these products over the pathogen. For so, we tested the effect of cultivable microorganisms and the filtered fraction over the pathogen, targeting to identify the role of this factors in the disease control. It was found that biofertilizers have substances and microorganisms present in its composition capable of operating in the pathosystem in question, highlighting the role of baciliform heat resistant bacteria. It was observed that the effect of the filtered fraction of the anaerobic biofertilizer was effective on the mycelial growth of the pathogen and significantly higher than the filtered fraction of the aerobic biofertilizer, and had higher levels of some nutrients, especially calcium, copper and iron. The aerobic biofertilizer showed greater quantity and diversity of microorganisms antagonistic to P. nicotianae. The application of both biofertilizers reduced the number of infected roots of two citrus rootstocks (Citrus limonia and Citrus sunki) Both biofertilizers also reduced the amount of pathogen inoculum in the soil. In high concentrations biofertilizers cause phytotoxicity on young citrus plants, but in moderate concentrations, the products increased the number of germinated seeds of Rangpur lime and mandarin Sunki sown on soil inoculated with the pathogen. This makes the use of biofertilizers an option to be integrated in the disease management of P. nicotianae in citrus, however, more studies are require to investigate other issues, such as the risks related to the application of this products.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um biofertilizante feito à base de esterco bovino, produzido sob digestão anaeróbica ou oxigenação forçada, no controle de Phytophthora nicotianae, mediante técnicas de avaliação in vitro e in vivo. Além disso, buscou-se investigar separadamente o efeito dos componentes presentes nestes produtos sobre o patógeno. Para tal, testou-se o efeito de microrganismos cultiváveis e da fração filtrada, visando identificar o papel dos fatores responsáveis pelo controle da doença. Verificouse que os biofertilizantes possuem substâncias e microrganismos presentes em sua composição capazes de atuar no patossistema em questão, havendo destaque para bactérias baciliformes termorresistentes. Observou-se que, o efeito da fração filtrada do biofertilizante anaeróbico foi efetivo sobre o crescimento micelial do patógeno e significativamente superior à fração filtrada do biofertilizante aeróbico, este, apresentou teores mais elevados de alguns nutrientes minerais, com destaque para cálcio, cobre e ferro. Já o biofertilizante aeróbico apresentou maior quantidade e diversidade de microrganismos antagônicos à P. nicotianae. A aplicação de ambos os biofertilizantes reduziu o número de raízes de porta-enxerto de citros (Citrus limonia e Citrus sunki) infectadas, assim como, a quantidade de inóculo do patógeno no substrato de plantio utilizado. Em concentrações elevadas os biofertilizantes causaram fitotoxicidade em plantas jovens de citros, mas em concentrações moderadas, os biofertilizantes elevaram o número de sementes germinadas de limão Cravo e tangerina Sunki, semeadas em substrato inoculado com o fitopatógeno. Isso faz do uso de biofertilizantes, uma opção para o manejo de P. nicotianae em citros, contudo novas pesquisas são necessárias para elucidar questões referentes ao seu uso prático e riscos referentes à sua aplicação.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Rodrigueiro, Tatyana Sacchi Carmona. "Acarofauna predadora (Acari: Gamasida) de Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), em esterco de aves poedeiras, em granja da região de Pirassununga, SP : importancia no controle biologico, manejo integrado e foresia." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314015.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigueiro_TatyanaSacchiCarmona_M.pdf: 6298153 bytes, checksum: 4cd8a92c8705b396a756a454e33bc12a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: O esterco de aves poedeiras constitui um ambiente heterogêneo e suas propriedades fisico-químicas estão em constantes alterações favorecendo o desenvolvimento da comunidade de artrópodes pela grande oferta de recursos. No presente trabalho pretendeuse estudar a influência da diversidade da comunidade da acarofauna de esterco de aves poedeiras e a relação do processo de forésia no controle de Musca domestica L. Foram realizadas 24 coletas no período de 12 meses em granja do município de Santa Cruz da Conceição, SP, em galpão de postura do tipo "narrow house" e, as amostras da acarofauna foram extraídas do esterco através do funil de Berlese- Tullgren, conservadas em 100 ml de álcool a 70% e examinadas em microscópio estereoscópico. A quantificação da abundância de indivíduos de cada espécie presentes na amostra foi estimada volumetricamente. Foram identificadas 9 espécies: Holocelaeno sp., Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, Parasitus sp., Sejus sp., Trichouropoda sp., Uroobovella sp.l e sp.2, Uroseius sp.,e uma espécie da Família Diplogyniidae. As freqüências das espécies foram influenciadas pelas estações, local do cone, consistência e estágio de desenvolvimento ou sexo. Apenas fêmeas adultas de Macrocheles muscaedomesticae e deutoninfas de Uroseius sp. eram foréticas em Musca domestica e apresentaram diferenças quanto a sazonalidade e local de fixação no corpo das moscas. Palavras-chave: Acari, controle biológico, forésia, granjas avícolas, Macrochelidae, manejo integrado, moscas domésticas, Parasitidade, Uropodidae
Abstract: Poultry manure environment is heterogeneous and abiotic and biotic changes affect the arthropod community development and its knowlegde helps the understanding of the role of the tly control agents. This work studied the diversity of the mite fauna associated with poultry manure, the occurrence of phoresy and their role is to the control of Musca domestica L. Sampling was conducted from July/200 1 through August/2002 at a narrow house in a poultry farm in Santa Cruz da Conceição, State of São Paulo, Southwest in Brazil (19°59.500'S 49_3.900'W). The mites were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels and the samples were preserved in 70% ethanol alcohol. The abundance of specimens was evaluated volumetrica1ly and the mites were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer's medium for identification. Nine species were identified: Holocelaeno sp., Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, Parasitus sp., Sejus sp., Trichouropoda sp., Uroobovella sp.l and sp.2, Uroseius sp. and, one species of Diplogyniidae. The frequence was influenced by the seasona1ity, cone placement, sex and stage of development. Adult female Macrocheles muscaedomesticae and Uroseius sp. deutonimphs were phoretic on M domestica and showed differences m seasonality and site of preference for attachment on the fly body. Key words: Acari, biological control, house flies, integrated management, phoresy, poultry houses, Macrochelidae, Parasitidae, Uropodidae
Mestrado
Mestre em Parasitologia

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Fornari, François-Xavier. "Optimisation du controle et implantation en circuits de programmes esterel." Paris, ENMP, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENMP0531.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cette these decrit l'application de techniques d'optimisation de circuits digitaux a l'optimisation du controle de programmes ecrits avec le langage synchrone esterel. Elle presente de plus une implantation de ces programmes en circuits. Le compilateur esterel v4 exprime le controle d'un programme esterel sous forme d'un jeu de registres et d'un systeme d'equations booleennes triees pilotant un ensemble d'actions. Sous certaines conditions, ce controle est considere comme un circuit digital. Il est alors ameliore en utilisant des methodes sophistiquees d'optimisations sequentielles presentes dans le systeme sis-1. 2. Les ameliorations apportees concernent la taille et la vitesse d'execution du controle. Elles sont modulees en fonction de la cible technologique, qui peut etre, soit du materiel, soit du logiciel. Dans le cadre de la traduction en circuits de programmes esterel pur (restriction du langage aux seuls signaux de controle), la generation de circuits se fait directement. Dans le cas general, cette generation se fait en utilisant le systeme de synthese de haut niveau olympus

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Faria, Marcelo Gaudenzi de. "Controle de inclinação baseado em esterço para veículo de três rodas de cambagem variável." Florianópolis, SC, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94050.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Florianópolis, 2010
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T05:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 282494.pdf: 2943801 bytes, checksum: 3d0e16f5fad2905cd12bb516b792d21d (MD5)
Frente aos problemas de trânsito existentes atualmente, algumas soluções estão sendo estudadas. Este documento descreve um veículo estreito de três rodas de cambagem variável, que visa a melhor utilização do espaço das vias existentes. O documento inclui um modelo dinâmico do triciclo com 9 graus de liberdade e o projeto de três controladores de inclinação: PID com compensação estática da não-linearidade, controle via energy shaping e controle por realimentação linearizante. Ao final, são apresentados os resultados de simulação computacional para cada controlador considerando variação de parâmetros do modelo e perturbações.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Cardoso, Elba Guerrieri. "Estudo da atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em ácaros (Acari) de Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) /." São José do Rio Preto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87600.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Orientador: Marineide Rosa Vieira
Coorientador: Maurício Boscolo
Banca: Antonio Carlos Lofego
Banca: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres
Resumo: Visando analisar a atividade acaricida de ésteres de sacarose em organismos presentes em seringueiras, foram estudados os ácaros fitófagos Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) e Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), e predadores Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). Os resultados obtidos são promissores, pois as concentrações de ésteres de sacarose testadas foram capazes de controlar e alterar o ciclo de desenvolvimento dos fitófagos estudados. Houve diminuição da viabilidade dos ovos e alta taxa de mortalidade de larvas e indivíduos adultos. Quanto aos predadores, as concentrações de sucroésteres que foram eficientes para o controle dos fitófagos, não afetaram de forma significativa o seu desenvolvimento, porém causaram sua dispersão. Além de serem produtos biodegradáveis e de baixo impacto ambiental, os ésteres de sacarose mostraram-se eficientes no controle dos fitófagos sem causar alta mortalidades aos predadores estudados, o que viabiliza a utilização desses produtos em programas de manejo integrados de pragas.
Abstract: Aiming to investigate the acaricid activity of sucrose esters in rubber trees organisms, the present study analyzed the phytophagous mites Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae), Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) and Eutetranychus banksi (Tetranychidae), and the predators Euseius concordis, Euseius citrifolius e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Phytoseiidae). The results obtained were promising, since the tested concentrations of sucrose esters controlled and altered the developmental cycle of the phytophagous mites studied. The viability of the eggs was reduced and the mortality of larvae and adult individuals was high. The sucrose esters concentrations that were efficient to control the phytophagous mites didnt affect significantly the development of the predator ones, although the product caused their dispersion. Apart from being biodegradable products with low environmental impact risks, the sugar esters showed to be efficient to phytophagous mites control, without causing high mortalities to the predator ones, what viabilyzes the use of these products in integrated pests management program.
Mestre

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Yadon, Zaida Estela. "Risk factors for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Santiago del Estero, Argentina : a retrospective case-control study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244042.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Morin, Aurélie. "Controlled radical polymerization of vinyl esters and vinyl amides : experimental and theoretical studies." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0117/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée (PRC) des esters et amides de vinyle. L’une des possibilités de contrôle est le piégeage dynamique réversible des chaînes radicalaires croissantes (P•) par un agent de contrôle (T) formant une espèce dormante (P─T’). La concentration en radicaux dans le milieu peut alors diminuer dramatiquement de sorte que les réactions indésirables de terminaisons soient négligeables et que le contrôle de la masse molaire des polymères soit atteint avec un faible indice de dispersité. L’utilisation de complexes métalliques, pouvant s’oxider et former une liaison métal-carbone, comme agent de piégeage des radicaux est une manière de réaliser ce contrôle. La PRC est alors appelée Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée par voie Organométallique (OMRP). A ce jour, plusieurs métaux de transitions ont été utilisés avec plus ou moins de succès en OMRP. Lors de cette étude, nous avons synthétisé des complexes de cuivre(I) et testé leurs performances pour l’OMRP de l’acétate de vinyle et de l’éthylène. Nous avons également utilisé des outils de chimie théorique pour mieux comprendre pourquoi le cobalt(II) acétylacétonate est, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le meilleur agent de contrôle pour la polymérisation de l’acétate de vinyle et des amides de vinyle. Grâce à la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité (DFT), nous avons mis en lumière le rôle crucial de la coordination sur le cobalt des groupements carbonyles des monomères étudiés
This thesis focus on Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) of vinyl esters and vinyl amides. One of the possibilities to achieve this control is a dynamic reversible trapping of the growing radical chains (P•) by a controlling agent (T) to form a dormant species (P─T’). The radical concentration in the medium can be dramatically reduced so that the unwanted terminations are disfavored and polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersity can be obtained. A way to achieve this control is the use of metallic complexes, which can oxidize and form a metal-carbon bond, as trapping agent in the so-called Organometallic Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP). So far, different transition metals have been used with gretaer or smaller success. In this study, the synthesis of copper(I) complexes and their investigation for the vinyl acetate and ethylene polymerization under OMRP conditions were performed. We also used computational chemistry as a tool to better understand why the cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)2) has, so far, given the best results for either vinyl acetate or vinyl amides polymerization. Thanks to Density Functional Theory (DFT), the crucial role of the monomer carbonyl group coordination to cobalt was pointed out

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

CORTINOVIS, ROBERTO. "L’origine ed evoluzione della dimensione esterna della politica migratoria dell’Unione Europea: modi di governance, attori, istituzioni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2464.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

L’obiettivo principale di questa tesi è di analizzare l’origine ed evoluzione della dimensione esterna della politica migratoria dell’Unione Europea. Attraverso un framework teorico che coniuga la letteratura sui ‘new modes of governance’ con quella riguardante il ‘rational-choice institutionalism’, questa tesi si propone di analizzare il sistema di governance in tre settori politici che rientrano nell’ambito della dimensione esterna: politica di riammissione, controlli esterni alle frontiere, e cooperazione con Paesi terzi concernente la gestione della migrazione legale. Sulla base delle premesse teoriche sopra indicate, questa tesi avanza due conclusioni principali. In primo luogo, si sostiene che l’evoluzione del sistema di governance nei tre casi presi in considerazione, lungi dal seguire un percorso lineare verso una sempre maggiore comunitarizzazione, ha al contrario dato luogo a sistemi di governance ‘ibridi’, che combinano cioè elementi vincolanti tipici del metodo comunitario con elementi caratteristici dei “new modes of governance”, incentrati sull’uso di soft law. In secondo luogo, si evidenzia il ruolo centrale rivestito dagli Stati Membri nello sviluppare tali sistemi di governance in accordo con due obiettivi prioritari: limitare l’autonomia delle istituzioni sovranazionali all’interno del processo decisionale e plasmare i risultati di tali politiche in accordo con le preferenze degli stessi Stati Membri.
The central aim of this thesis is to provide an account of the origin and evolution of the external dimension of EU migration policy. By means of a theoretical framework that combines new modes of governance and rational-choice institutionalism, this thesis analyses the systems of governance of three policy areas falling within the external dimension: readmission policy, external border controls and cooperation with third countries in the field of legal migration. On the basis of such theoretical premises, two central arguments are advanced. First of all, it is argued that the evolution of the system of governance in the three cases, far from following a linear path towards communitarization, has resulted in the adoption of mixed systems featuring both 'old' modes of governance in line with the traditional Community Method and 'new’ modes based on soft-law and non-binding commitments. Secondly, this thesis underlines the central role played by the Member States in devising those governance mechanisms in order to fulfil two main objectives: limiting the discretion of EU supranational institutions in the decision-making process and shaping policy outcomes according to their preferred policy options.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

CORTINOVIS, ROBERTO. "L’origine ed evoluzione della dimensione esterna della politica migratoria dell’Unione Europea: modi di governance, attori, istituzioni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2464.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

L’obiettivo principale di questa tesi è di analizzare l’origine ed evoluzione della dimensione esterna della politica migratoria dell’Unione Europea. Attraverso un framework teorico che coniuga la letteratura sui ‘new modes of governance’ con quella riguardante il ‘rational-choice institutionalism’, questa tesi si propone di analizzare il sistema di governance in tre settori politici che rientrano nell’ambito della dimensione esterna: politica di riammissione, controlli esterni alle frontiere, e cooperazione con Paesi terzi concernente la gestione della migrazione legale. Sulla base delle premesse teoriche sopra indicate, questa tesi avanza due conclusioni principali. In primo luogo, si sostiene che l’evoluzione del sistema di governance nei tre casi presi in considerazione, lungi dal seguire un percorso lineare verso una sempre maggiore comunitarizzazione, ha al contrario dato luogo a sistemi di governance ‘ibridi’, che combinano cioè elementi vincolanti tipici del metodo comunitario con elementi caratteristici dei “new modes of governance”, incentrati sull’uso di soft law. In secondo luogo, si evidenzia il ruolo centrale rivestito dagli Stati Membri nello sviluppare tali sistemi di governance in accordo con due obiettivi prioritari: limitare l’autonomia delle istituzioni sovranazionali all’interno del processo decisionale e plasmare i risultati di tali politiche in accordo con le preferenze degli stessi Stati Membri.
The central aim of this thesis is to provide an account of the origin and evolution of the external dimension of EU migration policy. By means of a theoretical framework that combines new modes of governance and rational-choice institutionalism, this thesis analyses the systems of governance of three policy areas falling within the external dimension: readmission policy, external border controls and cooperation with third countries in the field of legal migration. On the basis of such theoretical premises, two central arguments are advanced. First of all, it is argued that the evolution of the system of governance in the three cases, far from following a linear path towards communitarization, has resulted in the adoption of mixed systems featuring both 'old' modes of governance in line with the traditional Community Method and 'new’ modes based on soft-law and non-binding commitments. Secondly, this thesis underlines the central role played by the Member States in devising those governance mechanisms in order to fulfil two main objectives: limiting the discretion of EU supranational institutions in the decision-making process and shaping policy outcomes according to their preferred policy options.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Brigham, Natasha Caterina. "CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ETORICOXIB FROM POLY(ESTER UREA) FILMS FOR POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1564603838446465.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Viscardi, Bernardo Souza Mello. "Influência do esterco bovino no desenvolvimento do feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata) e no controle de Sclerotium rolfsii em feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) na presença ou não de Trichoderma harzianum." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13877.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2013.
Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-08-06T15:21:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_BernardoSouzaMelloViscardi.pdf: 946847 bytes, checksum: 6166f63c54e067123ac75785157ad32f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Leandro Silva Borges(leandroborges@bce.unb.br) on 2013-08-06T20:13:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_BernardoSouzaMelloViscardi.pdf: 946847 bytes, checksum: 6166f63c54e067123ac75785157ad32f (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-06T20:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_BernardoSouzaMelloViscardi.pdf: 946847 bytes, checksum: 6166f63c54e067123ac75785157ad32f (MD5)
O feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) e o caupi (Vigna unguiculata) são culturas de grande importância para o Brasil. Doenças, cujos patógenos sobrevivem e se multiplicam no solo, como a podridão radicular causada por Sclerotium rolfsii, é um dos principais fatores que limitam a produtividade dessas culturas. O alto custo do uso de fungicidas e os problemas ambientais associados ao uso de agroquímicos levaram a um incremento na pesquisa de métodos alternativos para o controle de doenças. Na primeira parte deste trabalho foi testada a eficiência do esterco bovino (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 e 160 g/kg de solo) e a combinação destas com a inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi com Trichoderma harzianum e procimidona, na produção de massa de grãos, massa de parte aérea, massa de raízes e altura de plantas. A segunda parte avaliou a eficiência da aplicação de T, harzianum e procimidona ao solo no controle de S. rolfsii e o impacto dessas técnicas combinadas com esterco bovino (0, 40, 80 e 160g/kg de solo), nas características biométricas do feijoeiro comum. Nos dois experimentos as doses crescentes de esterco foram favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da massa de parte aérea, de raízes e de grãos. Trichoderma harzianum mostrou ter influência positiva na produtividade de grãos de caupi e na redução da podridão em P. vulgaris contaminadas com S. rolfsii (UB 193). ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The common bean (Phaselous vulgaris) and the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) are important crops in Brazil. Soil-borne diseases, such as the southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), is among the causes of yield reduction. The high costs of fungicide applications and the environmental problems, the chemicals might cause, led to an increase in research of alternative methods for disease control. Therefore, in the first part of this work, cattle manure (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g/kg of soil) was added to soil. Vigna seeds were treated with Trichoderma harzianum or procimidone and sowed in soil with or without cattle manure. The following variables were evaluated for each combination of treatment: seed germination, total grain weight, fresh plant weight, fresh root weight, and plant height of cowpea. The second part of the study was conducted to measure the effects of T. harzianum and procimidone applied on soil amended with cattle manure (0, 40, 80, and 160 g/kg of soil) on southern-blight of common bean. The same biometric variables were evaluated as in the first part of the study. The increasing manure doses resulted in greater fresh weight of grains, plants, and roots. The application of T. harzianum into soil had a positive impact on the cowpea yield and in the decrease of disease (S. rolfsii UB 193) on P. vulgaris.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Alves, Fábio Ramos. "Estratégias para a otimização da produção massal ‘in vivo’ de Pasteuria penetrans." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2004. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10177.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-27T18:33:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 878289 bytes, checksum: 70c4ac466fdd682cb943dce260aec8df (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T18:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 878289 bytes, checksum: 70c4ac466fdd682cb943dce260aec8df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório e casa de vegetação objetivando o aprimoramento do método clássico de multiplicação de Pasteuria penetrans ‘in vivo’, proposto em 1980 por Stirling e Wachtel. No primeiro experimento comparou-se a produção de endósporos da P. penetrans em raízes de tomateiro de crescimento indeterminado cv. Santa Clara e determinado cv. TRural 1. Maiores pesos de matéria fresca e seca e número de endósporos foram observados em tomateiro cv. Santa Clara. O segundo experimento foi realizado para determinar a concentração ideal de endósporos de P. penetrans na suspensão e o tempo de agitação necessário para adesão adequada de endósporos aos nematóides para multiplicação da bactéria. Para que se obtenham seis endósporos, em média, por juvenil de segundo estádio (J2) de Meloidogyne javanica, verificou-se serem necessárias suspensões contendo 3,3 x 10 5 endósporos/mL, agitadas por 10 a 20 minutos, ou 3,3 x 10 4 endósporos/mL por 50 minutos. Em outro ensaio, comparou-se a multiplicação de P. penetrans em população pura de M. incognita ou em população composta de M. incognita e M. javanica oriunda de um campo de cultivo de tomate. A produção de endósporos de P. penetrans em tomateiro inoculado com M. incognita foi aproximadamente três vezes superior àquela em plantas inoculadas com população mista. Realizou-se também um teste de adesão de P. penetrans às duas populações do nematóide. Foi observado maior número de endósporos aderidos aos J2 de M. incognita. A produção de endósporos da P. penetrans em plantas de tomateiro cv. Santa Clara com 15, 30, 45 ou 60 dias de idade e inoculadas com 5.000, 15.000 ou 25.000 J2 foi avaliada. As plantas com 30 e 45 dias de idade inoculadas com 25.000 J2 permitiram a multiplicação de P. penetrans cerca de 19 vezes maior àquela obtida em plantas inoculadas com 5.000 J2. Com o objetivo de determinar se maiores níveis de matéria orgânica adicionada ao substrato provocavam alterações fisiológicas nos nematóides ou nas plantas de tomate, estudou-se a influência de diferentes proporções de solo, areia e esterco de curral (1:1:0, 2:2:1, 1:1:1 ou 1:1:2 (V:V:V), respectivamente) e três níveis de inóculo de espécies de Meloidogyne (3.000, 6.000 e 9.000 J2) sobre a concentração de fenóis em raízes de tomateiro, no teor de lipídios de espécies de Meloidogyne, e em possíveis alterações em células gigantes induzidas por esses nematóides. Não se observou efeito dos tratamentos no teor de lipídios dos nematóides. A concentração de fenóis nas raízes aumentou à medida que se acrescentou mais esterco de curral ao substrato ou quando as plantas foram inoculadas com mais nematóides (9.000 J2). As células gigantes em raízes de plantas cultivadas nos substratos 1:1:0 e 2:2:1 (solo:areia:esterco) foram mais numerosas, maiores e com maior número de núcleos. Por outro lado, as células gigantes de plantas cultivadas no substrato 1:1:1 e 1:1:2, além de menos numerosas, apresentaram alterações no tamanho e formato, demonstrando o efeito deletério das maiores doses de esterco sobre esses sítios de alimentação. O último ensaio foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de crescentes quantidades de esterco de curral nos substratos e níveis de inóculo de espécies de Meloidogyne na reprodução de P. penetrans. Maior percentual de fêmeas infectadas por P. penetrans foi observado quando se utilizou o substrato 1:1:0 em relação aos substratos 1:1:1 e 1:1:2 ou quando as plantas foram inoculadas com 3.000 J2. O experimento foi repetido uma vez e na primeira condução do experimento, plantas cultivadas no substrato 1:1:0 ou inoculadas com 9.000 J2 apresentaram maior número de endósporos; entretanto, na segunda condução do experimento as plantas inoculadas com 9.000 J2 e cultivadas no substrato 2:2:1 foram as que permitiram maior reprodução de P. penetrans.
Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to improve the classical method of multiplying P. penetrans ‘in vivo’, proposed by Stirling & Wachtel in 1980. In the first experiment, the mass production of P. penetrans in tomatoes of indeterminated and determinated growth, cv. Santa Clara and Trural I, respectively, was compared. Higher fresh and dry root weight and endospore number were observed in ‘Santa Clara’ tomato. The second experiment was conducted to determine the best endospore concentration of P. penetrans in the aqueous suspension and the time of shaking necessary to obtain adequate attachment of endospores on the nematodes, as the first step for P. penetrans multiplication. To obtain an average of six endospores per second stage juvenile (J2) of M. javanica, it is necessary to shake suspension of 3,3 x 10 5 endospores/mL per 10 to 20 minutes or to shake 3,3 x 10 4 endospores/mL for 50 minutes. In another experiment, the reproduction of P. penetrans in pure population of M. incognita and in a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica, originated from the field, was studied. The endospore production of P. penetrans in tomato plants inoculated with M. incognita was approximately three times higher than in plants inoculated with the field population. An attachment test of P. penetrans on the two populations was performed and higher number of endospores attached to J2 of M. incognita was observed. The multiplication of P. penetrans in 15, 30, 45 or 60 day-old ‘Santa Clara’ tomato plants inoculated with 5,000, 15,000 or 25,000 J2, was also evaluated. The 30 and 45 days old plants inoculated with 25,000 J2 provided P. penetrans multiplication up to nineteen times more than plants inoculated with 5,000 J2 in the first experimental run. To determine if high cow manure levels added to substrate promote physiological changes on the nematodes or on the tomato plants, the influence of cow manure amendment to mixtures of soil and sand giving rates of 1:1:0; 2:2:1; 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 (V:V:V) of soil, sand and manure, respectively, and three inoculum levels of Meloidogyne species, i.e., 3,000; 6,000 and 9,000 J2 on the phenolic content in the tomato roots, changes in nematode lipid content and possible alterations in the giant cells induced by the nematodes, were studied. No conclusion could be drawn about the effect of manure on the nematode lipid content. The phenolic content in the roots increased as more cow manure was added to the substrate or when the plants were inoculated with more nematodes (9,000 J2). The giant cells in the roots of plants cultivated in the substrates 1:1:0 and 2:2:1 were more numerous, bigger and with more nuclei. On the other hand, the giant cells of plants cultivated on 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 substrates were less numerous, showed changes on their format and were smaller, demonstrating the deleterious effect of organic amendments to these feeding sites. A subsequent experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the interaction of increasing rates of cow manure in the substrates and of nematode levels on the reproduction of Pasteuria penetrans. Higher perceptual of infected females by P. penetrans was observed when the plants grew in the substrate 1:1:0 than in the substrates 1:1:1 and 1:1:2, or when plants were inoculated with 3,000 J2. The experiment was repeated once and in the first run, plants cultivated on substrate 1:1:0 or inoculated with 9,000 J2 had higher endospore number. However, in the second run, plants inoculated with 9,000 J2 and cultivated on substrate 2:2:1 yielded more endospores per root system.
Tese importada do Alexandria

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Shen, Hang. "Development of functional biopolymers with controlled architecture." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4027/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Des polyacides lactiques hydroxy téléchélique de masses molaires variées ont été synthétisés par polymérisation par ouverture de cycle du LLA en présence de 1,4 -butane diol. Des polyhydroxybutyrate hydroxy téléchéliques ont été préparés transesterification du PHB et du 1,4-butanediol catalysée par l'acide p-toluène sulfonique .Ces oligomères ont été utilisés pour préparer des polyesters amides fonctionnalisés acrylates ou mercaptans. Dans une approche parallèle, du PCL multi acrylate a été préparé avec succès par copolymérisation par ouverture de cycle de méthacrylate de glycidyle avec du caprolactone. Des copolymères (GMA -co- CL) ayant des masses molaire et de la fonctionnalité variables, ont été préparés en modifiant les paramètres de la réaction tels que le catalyseur, la nature du co-amorceur et le rapport des stœchiométriques des différents réactifs. Les polymères multi acrylates ont été copolymérisés principalement avec l'HEMA sous irradiation UV pour obtenir des réseaux PLA, PHB et PCL segmentés. Les mécanismes de dégradation de ces réseaux ont été étudiés en examinant particulièrement les décompositions des liaisons uréthanes et esters. Des dépolymérisations du PHEMA ont été détectées avec TGA -FTIR à plus haute température (450°C). Pour les réseaux à base de PCL, les propriétés thermo -mécaniques ont été étudiées. Le résultat montre que les phases riches en PCL ont une bonne compatibilité avec le poly HEMA. Les modules caoutchoutiques et l’étendue des températures des zones d’amortissement peuvent être contrôlées en fonction des paramètres réactionnels. Les Polymères multifonctionnels Thiols du PCL, PHA et PLA ont été utilisés pour faire croître des chaines méthacrylates et construire des polymères de type étoile
Hydroxyl telechelic polylactic acids of various molecular weights were synthesized by ring opening polymerization in the presence of LLA and 1,4-butanediol. Telechelic hydroxy polyhydroxybutyrate were prepared transesterification of PHB and 1,4- butanediol catalyzed by p- toluene sulfonic acid. These oligomers were used to prepare polyesteramides functionalised acrylates or mercaptans. In a parallel approach, the PCL multi acrylate was successfully prepared by ring-opening copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with caprolactone. Copolymers (GMA-co-CL) with variable molar masses and functionality were prepared by changing the reaction parameters such as catalyst, the nature of the co-initiator and the ratio of different stoichiometric reagents. Multi-acrylated polymers were copolymerized with HEMA under UV irradiation to obtain PLA, PHB and PCL segmented networks. Degradation mechanisms of these networks have been studied by examining particular decomposition of urethane bonds and esters. Depolymerization of the PHEMA was detected with TGA -FTIR at higher temperature (450°C). For PCL based networks, the thermo- mechanical properties were studied. The result shows that the PCL-rich phases have good compatibility with poly HEMA. The rubber and the working temperature range of the damping zones modules can be controlled as a function of reaction parameters. Multi mercapto functionalized polymers with PCL, PLA and PHA segments were used to grow methacrylate polymer chains and build star type

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Deivasagayam, Dakshinamoorthy. "Titanium complexes based on aminodiol ligand for ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14250/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Une série de complexes à base de titane porteurs de ligands aminodiols de différentes configuration (mélange de diastéréoisomère, meso, racémique ou chiral) ont été synthétisés et caractérisés par différentes techniques spectroscopiques. Ces complexes ont ensuite été utilisés comme amorceurs pour la polymérisation par ouverture de cycles de différents monomères hétérocycliques (L/rac-lactide, caprolactone, butyrolactone et triméthylène carbonate) via un mécanisme de coordination-insertion. Tous les complexes se sont révélés efficaces pour la polymérisation des lactides que ce soit en solution à 70°C ou en masse à 130°C avec un bon contrôle. Lors de la polymérisation du rac-lactide, le complexe porteur du ligand racémique a permis d‟obtenir un polylactide partiellement heterotactique, alors que tous les autres complexes n‟ont conduit qu‟à des polymères atactiques. Tous les complexes se sont également révélés très actifs pour la polymérisation de la caprolactone aussi bien en solution qu‟en masse à 70°C avec un bon contrôle. Des études cinétiques réalisées en solution ont permis de mettre en évidence un ordre cinétique unitaire en monomère. De bonnes activités ont également été obtenues pour la polymérisation de la butyrolactone et du triméthylène carbonate. De plus, le bon contrôle de ce type de la polymérisation a permis de synthétiser des copolymères à blocs du L/rac-lactide et de caprolactone. Enfin, la copolymérisation aléatoire de ces 2 monomères a permis de mettre en évidence une réactivité inversée par rapport aux réactions d'homopolymérisation
A series of titanium isopropoxides complexes coordinated by enantiopure, racemic, meso and diastereomeric aminodiol ligands have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The complexes were tested as initiators for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters such as L/rac-lactide, caprolactone, butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate via coordination-insertion mechanism. In lactide polymerizations, all complexes showed significant activity both in solution at 70°C and in bulk at 130°C with a good control. The complex derived from rac-aminodiol ligand gave partially heterotactic polylactide in ROP of rac-lactide, whereas all other complexes yielded atactic polylactides. For caprolactone polymerizations, all complexes were found to be effective initiators under both solution and bulk conditions (up to 60% monomer conversion was reached within 10 min in bulk condition at 70°C), again with good control. Kinetic studies of ROP of lactides and caprolactone in solution conditions have been investigated and showed a first kinetic order in monomer. Significant activities were also observed for (ROP) of butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate. Block copolymers of caprolactone and lactides were successfully synthesized with these catalytic systems by sequential polymerization techniques. The complexes were also tested as initiators for the production of random copolymers containing caprolactone and lactides and a reverse order of reactivity was observed between lactide and caprolactone compared to homopolymerization

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Jordan, Carolyn T. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN CONJUGATED POLY(BETA-AMINO ESTER) NETWORKS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS ENVIRONMENTS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/84.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Oxidative stress, the imbalance of free radical generation with antioxidant defenses, leads to cellular inflammation, apoptosis and cell death. This compromised environment results in debilitating diseases, such as oral mucositis (OM), atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Antioxidant therapeutics has been a proposed strategy to ameliorate these imbalances and maintain homeostatic environments. However, the success of these approaches, specifically curcumin, has been limited due to characteristics such as hydrophobicity and high reactivity when released as bolus doses to contest to oxidative stress induced diseases. The development of a controlled release system to aid in protection of the antioxidant capacity of curcumin, as well as a tunable system to aid in proper rate of release for disease can overcome these limitations. Previously, the use of a poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) chemistry has been developed in Dziubla and Hilt laboratories to provide desirable properties. The dynamic mechanical analysis and efficacy in cellular protection has been studied, yet the sensitivity and responsiveness of these polymers to abnormal environments found within oxidative stress compromised environments are unknown. In this work, a series of networks were comprised of different molar ratios of modified acrylated curcumin, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and a primary diamine crosslinker to create tunable hydrolytically degradable crosslinked hydrogels. I hypothesized a consumption rate difference of free curcumin and curcumin as a released product from the crosslinked network in the presence of a free radical generating system. After the consumption profiles of each were reported differently, the experimental data was translated into a kinetic rate model to identify quantitative consumption rate parameters of curcumin and active film degradation products. The effect on the released products arose the question of curcumin consumption in other oxidizing environments. These networks were then investigated in low concentrations of a hydrogen peroxide insult, and interestingly showed sensitivity to hydrolysis by recovering significantly more curcumin at an accelerated rate of release. Identifying the sensitivity of these tunable networks to environmental stimuli, they were then presented to a series of low pH environments, which significantly reduced the degradation time, finding a dependence of rate of release on the weight loading of curcumin present within the film. To translate these responsive materials to an application-based system, the curcumin conjugated PBAE polymers were investigated as an oral rinse drug delivery system for the treatment of radiation-induced OM in a hamster model. Radiation-induced OM onset and severity was reduced with a 20 wt% microparticle loaded mucoadhesive system that releases curcumin over 24 hours, providing promising results of a therapeutic effect from curcumin when incorporated in to a controlled release delivery system. Overall, curcumin conjugated PBAE polymers show selectivity of hydrolysis in abnormal environments related to oxidative stress. This information is beneficial to the proper design and loading of antioxidant therapeutics within crosslinked polymers, giving the ability to tune release to treat and deliver based on the environment’s insult. This can advance the potential use for antioxidant therapeutics in pharmaceutical applications in the future.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

MELO, Jessica Coelho. "Controle da mancha-de-estenf?lio do tomateiro com produtos de a??o fungicida: efici?ncia e teores de metais." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2263.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-27T18:09:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jessica Coelho Melo.pdf: 1651769 bytes, checksum: 37df9227b9a25c24297ba5364064be27 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T18:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jessica Coelho Melo.pdf: 1651769 bytes, checksum: 37df9227b9a25c24297ba5364064be27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-21
CNPq
The gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani, has occasioned losses in the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in several regions of Brazil. Although there are resistant cultivars, the control has been made, essentially, with application of fungicides. These, despite the practicality and efficiency can lead to the accumulation of polluting substances in the air and in the fruits. This study aimed to evaluate: 1) the chemical control efficiency of the disease with commercial fungicides registered for crop and with alternative products such as syrups and plant extracts; 2) the influence of these treatments on the development and production of tomato; 3) the contribution of metals in the system and its contents in leaves and fruits; 4) to compare the contents of metals in the fresh mass of the fruits with the limits allowed by the legislation. Three trials were carried out, one in the greenhouse and two in the field, and different products were compared: mancozebe, tebuconazole, copper oxychloride, vi?osa mixture, bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, garlic extract and water. Were evaluated the progress of the disease, the production and the supply of metals in the soil, plants and fruits (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn). The disease occurred on average at low intensity and did not affect the fruit production, which did not allow an adequate evaluation of the efficiency of the treatments. Among all the products tested, bordeaux and vi?osa mixtures and mancozebe were the most efficient in controlling the disease, however, without affecting the accumulation of fresh and dry mass of the plants and productivity. Bordeaux and vi?osa mixtures were the products that contributed the most to the incorporation of metals to the agrosystem followed by mancozebe and copper oxychloride. The concentration of metals in the fruits was below the maximum limit allowed by the MERCOSUL Technical Regulation, however, it deserves attention in view of fact that the Cd values found in the fruits are very close to the allowed limit, especially in the treatments with vi?osa mixture, oxychloride copper and bordeaux mixture. The continuous use of fungicides and vi?osa and bordeaux mixtures can contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals in the agrosystem. New studies addressing this topic should be made.
A mancha-de-estenf?lio, causada por Stemphylium solani, tem ocasionado perdas na cultura do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) em v?rias regi?es do Brasil. Apesar de existirem cultivares resistentes, o controle tem sido feito, essencialmente, com aplica??o de fungicidas. Estes, apesar da praticidade e efici?ncia podem levar ao ac?mulo de subst?ncias poluentes no ar e nos frutos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar: 1) a efici?ncia do controle qu?mico da doen?a com fungicidas comerciais registrados para a cultura e com produtos alternativos como caldas e extratos de plantas; 2) a influ?ncia destes tratamentos no desenvolvimento e produ??o do tomateiro; 3) o aporte de metais no sistema e os seus teores nas folhas e frutos; 4) comparar os teores de metais na massa fresca dos frutos com os limites permitidos pela legisla??o. Realizaram-se tr?s ensaios, um em casa-de-vegeta??o e dois no campo e compararam-se diferentes produtos: mancozebe, tebuconazole, oxicloreto de cobre, calda vi?osa, calda bordalesa, calda sulfoc?lcica, extrato de alho e ?gua. Avaliaram-se o progresso da doen?a, a produ??o e o aporte de metais no solo, plantas e frutos (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni e Zn). A doen?a ocorreu em m?dia a baixa intensidade e n?o afetou a produ??o de frutos, o que n?o permitiu uma adequada avalia??o da efici?ncia dos tratamentos. Dentre todos os produtos testados, as caldas bordalesa e vi?osa e o mancozebe foram os mais eficientes no controle da doen?a, por?m, sem afetar o ac?mulo de massa fresca e seca das plantas e a produtividade. As caldas bordalesa e vi?osa foram os produtos que mais contribu?ram para a incorpora??o de metais ao agrossistema seguido do mancozebe e do oxicloreto de cobre. A concentra??o de metais nos frutos esteve abaixo do limite m?ximo permitido pelo Regulamento T?cnico MERCOSUL, no entanto, merece aten??o tendo em vista o fato dos valores de Cd encontrados nos frutos estarem muio pr?ximo do limite permitido, especialmente nos tratamentos com calda vi?osa, oxicloreto de cobre e calda bordalesa. O uso cont?nuo de fungicidas e das caldas vi?osa e bordalesa podem contribuir para o ac?mulo de metais pesados no agrossistema. Novos estudos abordando este tema devem ser feitos.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Huq, Abul Fatha Md Anisul. "Interfacial and Solvent Processing Control of Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Incorporated Polymer Thin Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1427746818.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Soares, Samara. "Desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos rápidos para o controle de qualidade de biodiesel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-04052018-092432/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados referentes ao desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos para a determinação de índice de iodo em biodiesel e óleo vegetal e do teor de éster em biodiesel e em misturas biodiesel:diesel. O primeiro procedimento para a determinação de índice de iodo foi baseado na descoloração de uma solução de I3- monitorada por espectrofotometria. Para amostras de biodiesel e óleo vegetal, foram obtidas respostas lineares nos intervalos de 10-106 g I2/100 g e 20-144 g I2/100 g, respectivamente. O coeficiente de variação (n = 10) e o limite de detecção (99,7% nível de confiança) foram estimados em 5,0% e 2,5 g I2/100 g para amostras de biodiesel, enquanto para amostras de óleos vegetais os valores foram 3,0% e 7 g I2/100 g, respectivamente. Foram consumidos ca. 1,2 mL de amostra, 0,365 mg de I2 e 40 mg de KI, e gerado ca. 2,2 mL de resíduo por determinação. Efeitos de matriz foram constatados e superados por calibração com compatibilização de matriz. Alternativamente, foi desenvolvimento um spot test utilizando imagens digitais, também baseado no consumo de I2 pelos compostos insaturados presentes na amostra, porém envolvendo a deposição de alíquotas de reagente em papel de filtro e a medida do I2 remanescente, na forma do complexo com amido. As medidas foram realizadas com a câmera de um celular e tratadas como reflectância. Resposta linear foi obtida entre 10-106 g I2/100 g de biodiesel, com coeficiente de variação (n = 10) e limite de detecção (99,7% nível de confiança) estimados em 5,0% e 8 g I2/100 g, respectivamente. Foram consumidos 40 ?L de amostra e 50 ?g de I2 e gerado 65 ?L de resíduo por determinação. A determinação do teor de éster baseou-se na formação do complexo violeta entre Fe(III) e hidroxamato, gerado pela reação entre os ésteres de alquila da amostra e hidroxilamina. Foi utilizado um sistema de análises de fluxo, explorando o processo lab-in-syringe, com etanol como solvente mediador para gerar uma única fase entre a amostra hidrofóbica e os reagentes hidrofílicos. Respostas lineares foram obtidas nos intervalos 4-99% (v/v) e 2-40% (v/v) para biodiesel e mistura biodiesel:diesel, respectivamente. Para as amostras de biodiesel, o coeficiente de variação, o limite de detecção e a frequência de amostragem foram estimados em 0,80% (n = 10), 0,36% e 15 h-1, respectivamente, enquanto para a mistura biodiesel:diesel foram 0,20%, 0,03% (v/v) e 12 h-1, respectivamente. Foram consumidos 40 ?L de amostra de biodiesel e 100 ?L da mistura biodiesel:diesel, 0,860 mg de hidroxilamina, 0,145 mg Fe e gerado ca. 3 mL de resíduo. Os resultados obtidos em todos os procedimentos foram concordantes com os obtidos em procedimentos de referência com 95% de confiança. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos são práticos e viáveis para análises on-line e at-line, além de consumirem pequenas quantidades de solventes orgânicos e reagentes e gerarem pequenos volumes de resíduos
The present dissertation is focused on the development of analytical procedures for the determination of iodine value in biodiesel and vegetable oils as well as of ester content in biodiesel and biodiesel:diesel blends. The procedure for the determination of iodine value was based on discoloration of a triiodide solution measured by spectrophotometry. For biodiesel and vegetable oil samples, linear responses were obtained from 10-106 g I2/100 g and 20-144 g I2/100 g, respectively. The coefficient of variation (n = 10) and limit of detection (99.7% confidence level) were 5.0% and 2.5 g I2/100 g, whereas for vegetable oils, the values were 3.0% and 7 g I2/100 g, respectively. About 1.2 mL of sample, 0.365 mg of I2 and 40 mg of KI were consumed per determination, with generation of ca. 2.2 mL of waste. Matrix effects were circumvented by matrix matching. Alternatively, a spot test using digital images was developed, also based on consumption of iodine by unsaturated compounds in the samples, but relying on deposition of reagent aliquots on a filter paper followed by measurement of remaining iodine, through its complex formed with starch. The measurements were performed with a cell phone camera and treated as reflectance. A linear response was obtained within 10 and 106 g I2/100 g of biodiesel. The coefficient of variation (n = 10) and limit of detection were (99.7% confidence level) estimated at 4.9% and 8 g I2/100 g, respectively. About 40 ?L of sample and 50 ?g of I2 were consumed per determination, with generation of ca. 65 ?L of waste per determination. Ester determination was based on reaction of alkyl esters from biodiesel and hydroxylamine, yielding hydroxamate, which was measured by spectrophotometry as an iron(III) complex. The flow-based procedure exploited the lab-in-syringe approach, by using ethanol as mediator solvent to generate a single phase between the hydrophobic sample and the hydrophilic reagents. Linear responses were obtained from 4 to 99% (v/v) and 2 to 40% (v/v) for biodiesel and biodiesel:diesel blends, respectively. For biodiesel samples the coefficient of variation (n = 10), detection limit (99.7% confidence level) and sampling rate were estimated at 0.80%, 0.36%, and 15 h-1, respectively, whereas for biodiesel:diesel blends, the corresponding values were 0.20%, 0.03% (v/v), and 12 h-1, respectively. About 40 µL of biodiesel or 100 µL biodiesel:diesel blends, 0.860 mg of hydroxylamine, and 0.145 mg Fe were consumed per determination, with generation of ca. 3 mL of waste. The results obtained by all the proposed procedures agreed with the reference ones at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedures are practical and feasible for on-line or at-line analysis, by consuming only low amounts of organic solvents and reagents, and generating low waste volumes

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Chen, Juan. "Mobility and environmental fate of norflurazon and haloxyfop-R methyl ester in six viticultural soils of South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVM/09aevmc518.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Skogsberg, Zara. "Investigation of the Impact on Yeast Fermentation Performance in Production of Pale Lager Beer through Management Control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100150.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Through a full factorial design experiment, the effects of time between worts, wort aeration and yeast dosage in production of a pale lager beer were examined in the beer process at Spendrups Bryggeri AB. The aim was to learn how different parameters may affect the yeast fermentation performance during beer production. Response variables used were the concentrations of ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, free amino nitrogen (FAN) degradation and change in extract. A statistical analysis showed that the concentration of ethyl acetate is dependent on yeast dosage and the interaction between time between worts and aeration while the isoamyl acetate concentration is dependent on yeast dosage and time between worts. No parameters are statistically significant for FAN degradation while the change in extract is dependent on the yeast dosage. Due to botched runs, mostly because of aeration problems, it was not possible to verify theoretical parameter values and responses. Since the aeration was not properly performed, the management of the aeration control should be further investigated. Ester analysis and analysis of FAN were performed as worts entered and exited horizontal fermentation tanks. An additional analysis of ester content was also performed as the early stage beer was transferred into lagering tanks. Cell viability as well as extract, pH and tank temperature was measured daily to verify the state of fermentation. Statistical calculations showed that when using NucleoCounter YC-100, there is no significant difference between analysis made of samples homogenized by a magnetic stirrer and samples shaken by hand.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Boland, Eugene David. "Novel Apparatus to Control Electrospinning Fiber Orientation for the Production of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1224.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The conception of electrospinning can trace its roots back more than 400 years, when it was observed that rubbed amber can deform a droplet of water on a smooth surface, and is based upon simple concepts of charge separation and surface tension. Since that time, considerable effort has been directed at both the cause and utility of this phenomenon. The specific aim of this dissertation project was to develop an automated electrostatic processing apparatus that was capable of controlling the three-dimensional architecture of an electrospun scaffold to further improve its utility in tissue engineering. The efficacy of using this technique has been well documented and can be adapted to produce tissue engineering scaffolds for a variety of tissues and organs. This apparatus incorporates precise mandrel motion. The system is capable of 0 - 5000 revolution per minute rotation, 0 - 25 inch per second translation and ± 40° rotation about the electrospinning jet axis for repeatable scaffold production. Fiber alignment and scaffold density are precisely controlled by rotating a mandrel along one axis, translation along that same axis, and rotation around the second axis perpendicular to the electrospun fiber stream. The control is accomplished with a PC based "supervisory" control program written partially in the LabVIEW® programming language and partially in SI Programmer supplied by Applied Motion Products. Scaffold thickness and fiber diameters are determined by the syringe metering pump flow rate, material being electrospun and solution concentrations. Through extensive laboratory analysis (mechanical testing and both optical and electron microscopy), parameters such as fiber orientation, diameter and mechanics can be predictive from specific polymer setups. Our laboratory has demonstrated the ability to electrospin natural and synthetic polymers and this apparatus will be utilized to tailor scaffolds to meet specific tissue engineering needs by creating a truly biomimicking scaffold / extracellular matrix.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Rouis, Mustapha. "Regulation des recepteurs membranaires par les esters de phorbol : role de la proteine kinase c." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066609.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Caracterisation de la liaison du dibutyrate de phorbol, de la lipoproteine de basse densite (ldl) et de la somatomedine (ilas) sur les cellules de la lignee u 937 (premonocytes humains). Le tpa provoque une reduction du nombre de recepteurs des ldl et une baisse de l'affinite dans le cas des ilas. Le tpa provoque une phosphorylation rapide et reversible des antigenes hla (a,b,c). Etude de la differenciation de la lignee u937 en monocytes-macrophages par la vitamine d3 et l'acide retinoique par le dibutyril-ampc (dbampc). Mise en evidence d'une synergie d'action entre le tpa et l'ionophore de ca**(2+) a 23187 dans l'inhibition de la liaison de l'insuline. Les auteurs proposent l'hypothese de l'existence d'un "pool" de recepteurs endogenes et ont mis en evidence une translocation de la proteine kinase c du cytosol vers la membrane plasmique en presence du tpa

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Casquero, Andrea Camargo. "Alterações do perfil de lipoproteinas plasmaticas induzidas pela testosterona são moduladas pela expressão de proteina de transferencia de colesteril ester : estudos em camundongos transgenicos e controles." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314301.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Orientador: Helena Coutinho Franco de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T21:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casquero_AndreaCamargo_M.pdf: 3501727 bytes, checksum: 8ececaad5a1d1a9a80261e09b3310a8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: Hormônios sexuais modificam o perfil lipoprotéico e o risco de aterosclerose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de testosterona sobre os lipídeos plasmáticos e enzimas associadas. Camundongos transgênicos (Tg) para proteína de transferência de colesteril-éster (CETP) e controles (não- Tg) foram estudados após 30 dias de castração ou pseudo-cirurgia (sham) e após 14 dias de suplementação com testosterona por injeções subcutâneas diárias de Durateston (DT), Androgenol (AN) ou placebo (PL). As concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol, triglicérides, ácidos graxos livres, glicose e insulina e as atividades da lipase hepática e da CETP foram semelhantes tanto nos animais castrados comparados aos sham quanto nos animais DT comparados .aos PL No entanto, estes tratamentos induziram modificações significativas da distribuição do colesterol nas lipoproteínas nos animais CETP Tg e não-Tg, as quais foram distintas conforme o genótipo. Em tennos relativos, a deficiência de testosterona nos animais não- Tg provocou aumento de 73 % da VLDL e 79 % da LDL e redução de 11 % da HDL, enquanto nos animais CETP Tg castrados houve aumento de 36 % da LDL e redução de 30 % da HDL. Portanto esses resultados sugerem que a expressão da CETP nos camundongos transgênicos amenizou as modificações desfavoráveis nas apoB-LP observadas nos não-Tg. Em estudos cinéticos com LDL e HDL marcadas radioativamente, verificou-se uma tendência de redução da velocidade de remoção plasmática da LDL e redução do tempo de residência da HDL no plasma dos animais castrados, as quais explicam em parte as alterações das respectivas concentrações plasmáticas destas lipoproteínas. Além disso, a atividade endógena da CETP estava aumentada em 20 % nos animais castrados, contribuindo para redução da HDL nestes animais. A suplementação com testosterona em machos não-Tg e fêmeas CETP Tg também modificou os níveis de apoB-LP. Machos não Xl Tg tratados com DT apresentaram aumento de 42 % da VLDL e 72 % na LDL; remeas CETP Tg tratadas com DI apresentaram aumento de 35 % em VLDL. Concluindo, tanto a deficiência corno a suplementação com testosterona tornaram o perfil lipoprotéico dos camundongos mais aterogênico, independentemente da massa de iipase hepática e de CETP. A magnitude dos efeitos sobre as beta- e alfa-lipoproteínas foi te do genótipo, isto é, da expressão da CETP
Abstract: Sex honnones modify the plasma lipoprotein profile and hence the risk of atherosclerosis. ln this study we have investigated the effects of testosterone on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and associated enzymes. Transgenic mice (Tg) 1hat express a human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) minigene with natural flanking sequences and non transgernc (nTg) control mice were studied 30 days after castration or sham operation and 14 days after testosterone supplementation by subcutaneous daily injections of Durateston (DT), Androgenol (AN') Of placebo (PL). Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose and insulin, as well as the hepatic lipase and CETP activities on exogenous substrates were similar in both conditions, testosterone deficiency (castrated vs. sham) or excess (DT vs. PL) for both groups of mice, CETP Tg and non Tg. However, these treatments induced changes in the cholesterol distribution among plasma lipoproteins that were dependent on the CETP expression. Testosterone deficiency in nTg mice provoked increase of 73 % in VLDL- and 79 % in LDL- and reduction of 11 % in HDL-cholesterol, while in CETP Tg mice there was an elevation of 36 % in LDL- and decrease of 30 % in HDL-cholesterol. Kinetic studies of LDL and HDL labeled with 1311 and 1251, respectively, showed that the LDL fractional plasma removal rate and HDL plasma residence time tend to be lower in CETP Tg castrated as compared to sham mice. These results can explain, at least in pari, the changes in LDL and HDL concentrations in the plasma of the CETP Tg castrated mice. Furthermore, endogenous substrate dependent CETP activity was elevated by 20 % in CETP Tg castrated mice, which contributed to the reduction in HDL-cholesterollevels in these mice. Testosterone ._supplementation induced an increase of 42 % in VLDL- and af 72 % in LDL-cholesterol in X11l, .J the plasma ofnTg mice and a mild 35 % increase in VLDL-cholesterol in plasma offemale CETP Tg mice, while no change was observed in the cholesterol distribution among plasma lipoproteins of male CETP Tg mice. In conclusion, both testosterone deficiency and excess induced a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile in mice, which was independent of the mass ofhepatic lipase and CETP. However, the magnitude ofthe effects were dependent on the CETP expression, which attenuated the elevation on eta-lipoprotein but strengthened the reduction on alpha-lipoprotein cholesterollevels
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Jager, Eliézer. "Controle da liberação do éster etílico de indometacina a partir de nanocápsulas poliméricas através da variação da concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13723.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

O trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a influencia da concentração de monoestearato de sorbitano, componente do núcleo oleoso das nanocápsulas, na cinética de liberação do éster etílico de indometacina a partir de nanocápsulas de poli(ε-caprolactona) (PCL). Com este propósito o éster etílico de indometacina foi associado a cada sistema e sua hidrólise alcalina foi realizada para simular uma condição sink. A velocidade de consumo do éster etílico de indometacina foi menor conforme o aumento da concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano. O tempo de meia-vida do consumo do éster etílico de indometacina associado as nanocápsulas foi relacionado com a concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano, sendo maior, enquanto maior a concentração do monoestearato. O mecanismo de liberação foi determinado como sendo transporte anômalo. Foi observada uma relação linear direta entre o aumento da concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano e a concentração de partículas nas suspensões de nanocápsulas (R2=0,9711). Mistura de outras nanopartículas que não as nanocápsulas, foram observadas e caracterizadas. O fluxo difusional do éster a partir das nanocápsulas foi determinado e diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da concentração do monoestearato, devido a mudanças na viscosidade do núcleo das nanocápsulas com o aumento da concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano. Por fim, os resultados demonstraram que o principal fator que contribui para o retardo no tempo para o consumo do éster etílico de indometacina é a relação direta entre a concentração do monoestearato de sorbitano e a permeabilidade das nanocápsulas (R=0,9894).
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the sorbitan monoestearate concentration, one of the components of the oil core of the nanocapsules, in the release kinetic of the indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded poli(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules. In this way, the indomethacin ethyl ester was entrapped within each system and its alkaline hydrolysis was carried out to simulate a sink condition. The rate for the indomethacin ethyl ester consumption decreased with the increase in sorbitan monostearate concentrations. The indomethacin ethyl ester half-live was related to the sorbitan monostearate concentration, increasing as the sorbitan monostearate concentration increased. The drug release mechanism was determined as anomalous transport. Linear correlations were obtained between the increase in the sorbitan monostearate concentration and the particles concentration in the suspensions (R2 = 0.9711). Mixture of different nanoparticles that are not nanocapsules were observed by density gradient and characterized. The indomethacin ethyl ester fluxes from the nanocapsules were determined and presented a decrease of the flux as the sorbitan monostearate concentration increased. This result was related to changes in the oil core viscosity caused by the variation of the sorbitan monostearate concentration. Finally, the results demonstrated that the main factor that contributes for the delaying in the time for the indometahcin ethyl ester consumption was the direct relation between the sorbitan monostearate concentration and the apparent permeability of the nanocapsules (R2 = 0.9894).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Beyers, Hendrik Philippus. "The effect of haloxyfop-R-methyl ester and imazamox herbicides, tine or no tillage and nine different medic cultivars on the seed and dry matter production as well as the quality of medic pastures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52517.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a grass herbicide, a broadleaf herbicide with some grass control capabilities, method of tillage (tine and no-tillage) at planting of wheat as well as different medic cultivars on the regeneration, dry matter (OM) production and quality of a medic pasture. The trial was conducted at Langgewens experimental farm in the Swartland wheat producing area. Nine medic cultivars of three different species were evaluated after being sprayed with either haloxyfop-R-methyl (HAL) ester or imazamox (IMI) and subjected to either a tine tillage or a no tillage treatment at planting of wheat. Soil samples were taken during January 2000 to determine the size of the medic and weed seedbank as well as the degree of dormancy in the medic seeds, while OM samples were taken throughout the growing season to determine the OM production of the different medic cultivars and weed species. OM samples taken during October 1998 on the same pasture, were used to determine the crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NOF) content of the pasture. The samples were subjected to in vitro digestion and the digestibility of pasture CP (OCP), NOF(ONOF) and DM (DOM)were determined. Results showed that seedling establishment differed between cultivars used, herbicide treatments applied as well as the crop stage in the rotation. The cultivars produced more seedlings where IMI was applied compared to HAL as well as where the area consisted of two year pasture compared to one year pasture (1998) and one year wheat (1999). After a year of pasture and a year of wheat, cultivars Sephi and Paraggio produced the most seedlings, while Caliph and Orion produced the least. Caliph however, showed a very high degree of seed dormancy while Orion's low seedling establishment was due to its sensitivity to the IMI herbicide used. Little difference was found between the nine cultivars early in the season (July - August) with regard to cumulative OM production, except for Orion, whose growth was severely damaged by the IMI treatment. At the end of the growing season (October), the cultivar Caliph's cumulative OM production (2010.1 kg/ha) was significantly higher than all the other cultivars, except for Parabinga (1053. 4 kg/ha). Oifferent pasture samples, of which the botanical composition was known, was analysed for CP, NOF, OOM, OCP and ONOF. There was no significant difference in pasture composition during 1998 but variation in the pasture composition did however cause the IMI treatment, compared to the HAL treatment, to have a lower ONOFand OOMcontent. A modelling procedure was used to predict the pasture quality parameters (CP, NOF, OOM,OCP and ONOF) from the pasture composition (medic hay, medic pods, grassy and broadleaf weeds). This prediction of CP, NOF, OOM, ONOF and OCP from the pasture components had a relative low accuracy (49 -74.1 %) and a further refinement of this model for possible use on farms in order to improve grazing management and animal production is advised. In conclusion it could be said that broadleaf weed control caused a definite increase in medic seed and OMproduction, but Orion should not be used with an IMI herbicide. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced enough seedlings up to the second year to ensure sustainability of the medic pasture. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced a sufficient amount of OM early in the growing season. Caliph however, produced by far the most OM later in the growing season. A reduction of broadleaf weeds and medic pods will increase the digestibility of NOFand OMand therefore increase the quality of the pasture. Pods however are an important part of summer forage and the aim should therefore rather be to reduce the number of broadleaf weeds in the pasture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van 'n gras en breëblaar onkruiddoder (wat sekere grasse beheer), metode van bewerking tydens die saai van koring asook nege verskillende medic kultivars op die regenerasie, droë materiaal produksie en kwaliteit van medic weidings te bepaal. Die proef is gedoen op Langgewens proefplaas wat geleë is in die Swartland koring produserende gebied. Nege medic kultivars is geëvalueer nadat die weiding met of haloxyfop-R-metiel ester (HAL) of imazamox (IMI) onkruiddoders gespuit is en onderwerp is aan of 'n vlak tand of geen bewerking tydens die saai van koring. Grondmonsters is geneem in Januarie 2000 om die grootte van die medic en onkruid saadbank asook om die graad van dormansie in die verskillende medic kultivars se sade te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende die 2000 groeiseisoen geneem om die droë materiaal produksie van die verskillende medic kultivars asook onkruid spesies te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende Oktober 1998 geneem en gebruik om die ruproteïn (CP) en neutraaloplosbare vesel (NDF) inhoud van die weiding te bepaal. Die monsters is in vitro verteer en die verteerbaarheid van CP (OCP), NDF (ONOF) en droë materiaal (DOM) is bepaal. Resultate wys dat saailing vestiging verskil tussen die verskillende kultivars wat gebruik is, verskillende onkruiddoder behandelings asook die stadium van die weidings/koring. Die kultivars het meer geproduseer waar die weiding met IMI behandel is in vergelyking met waar HAL toegedien is, asook waar koring nog nie gesaai is nie. Na 'n jaar van weiding en 'n jaar van koring, het die kultivars Sephi en Paraggio die meeste saailinge, en Caliph en Orion die minste saailinge gehad. Caliph het egter 'n hoë graad van dormansie in sy saad getoon, terwyl die swak vestiging van Orion die gevolg is van die kultivar se hoë sensitiwiteit teenoor IMI. Min verskil is gevind tussen die nege kultivars, vroeg in die groei seisoen (Julie - Augustus), wat kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie betref, behalwe vir Orion wat erg beskadig is deur die IMI behandeling. Aan die einde van die groeiseisoen (Oktober 2000) was die kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie van die kultivar Caliph (2010.1 kg/ha) betekenisvol hoër as al die ander kultivars behalwe vir Parabinga (1053.4 kg/ha). Weidingsmonsters, waarvan die botaniese samestelling bekend was, is ontleed vir CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF. Daar is geen betekenisvolle verskille gevind in die botaniese samestelling van die weidingmonsters geneem in 1998 nie,maar die variasie in botaniese samestelling het veroorsaak dat IMI in vergelyking met HAL 'n laer DNDF and DDM inhoud het. 'n Model is opgestel wat die weidingskomponente (medic hooi, medic peule, gras en breëblaar onkruide) gebruik om die kwaliteits parameters (CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF) van die weiding te skat. Hierdie skatting van CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF deur van die weidingskomponente gebruik te maak het 'n relatiewe lae akuraatheid gehad (49 -74.1 %) en verdere verfyning van hierdie model vir moontlike gebruik op plase, ten einde weidings bestuur en diere produksie te verbeter, word voorgestel. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat breëblaar onkruidbeheer 'n definitiewe verbetering in die medic saailing en droë materiaal produksie van die medies te weeg gebring het, maar die kultivar Orion behoort nie saam met 'n IMI gebruik te word nie. AI die getoetste kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende saad oorlewing vertoon tot en met die tweede jaar van die rotasie om lewensvatbaarheid van die sisteem te verseker en alle kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende droë materiaal produseer vroeg in die groeiseisoen. Caliph het egter laat in die groeiseisoen by verre die meeste droë materiaal geproduseer. 'n Vermindering in die hoeveelheid breëblaar onkruide en peule in die weiding sal tot 'n verhoging in die verteerbaarheid van NDF en DM lei en dus 'n verhoging in die kwaliteit van die weiding tot gevolg hê. Peule is egter 'n belangrike bron van voedsel aan weidende diere gedurende droë somermaande en die verbetering van weidings moet eerder gedoen word deur te poog om breëblaar onkruide te beheer.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

CAMPISTRON, GUILMET IRENE. "La reaction de metathese : synthese de molecules modeles et de diesters polydieniques, degradation controlee des polydienes." Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1021.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Amelioration des processus de synthese des composes modeles des polydienes et d'oligomeres alpha , omega -bifonctionnels par reaction de cometatheses du cyclooctadiene-1,5 avec l'octene-4, le methyl-4 octene-4, l'hexadiene-1,5 et l'hexene-3 dioate de dimethyle

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Soutif, Jean-Claude. "Etude de l'addition des acides carboxyliques sur les structures oxiranne : application aux polymeres epoxydes." Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1010.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La modification chimique au deuxieme degre de polymeres epoxydes a ete etudiee pour developper une methode de fixation de principes actifs (medicaments, colorants, complexants) comportant des fonctions acides, sur des supports macromoleculaires. Le catalyseur est un sel de tetramethylammonium de l'acide a fixer. Epoxydation de polyisoprene et polybutadiene

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

BARBAGALLO, FILIPPO. "Il sistema dei controlli interni ed esterni di finanza pubblica." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916719.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La ricerca tratta del tema dell’efficacia dei controlli, sia interni che esterni, sugli enti ed organismi pubblici, nonché sulle società pubbliche. Preliminarmente, occorre notare come, nell’ambito delle discipline giuridico-amministrative e della contabilità pubblica, che studiano ed analizzano le tematiche della Pubblica Amministrazione, sono state elaborate diverse nozioni di “controllo”, anche se tutte riconducibili al medesimo significato. Dopo aver introdotto la nozione di “controllo”, verranno evidenziate le varie definizioni date in ambito dottrinario e giurisdizionale. Nello specifico, mentre i controlli interni sono disciplinati, in parte, da norme risalenti nel tempo, in parte, da norme che, apparse nei primi anni Novanta, sono giunte, con il D.Lgs. n. 286/1999, ad un sufficiente grado di definizione, i controlli esterni traggono origine dall’articolo 100, comma 2, della Costituzione, laddove dispone che “La Corte dei Conti esercita il controllo preventivo di legittimità sugli atti del Governo, e anche quello successivo sulla gestione del bilancio dello Stato. Partecipa, nei casi e nelle forme stabiliti dalla legge, al controllo sulla gestione finanziaria degli enti a cui lo Stato contribuisce in via ordinaria. Riferisce direttamente alle Camere sul risultato del riscontro eseguito”. Tale forma di controllo in seguito attuata e disciplinata dalla legge 21 marzo 1958, n. 259. Nello specifico, verrà trattato il sistema dei controlli interni e delle sue caratteristiche, con riferimento anche al tema dell’efficacia delle verifiche amministrativo-contabili effettuate dai servizi ispettivi di finanza pubblica. Verrà data attenzione, inoltre, all’articolo 16 della legge n. 196/2009, il quale stabilisce che deve essere assicurata la presenza di un rappresentante del Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze presso i collegi sindacali e di revisione di tutte le amministrazioni pubbliche (con esclusione degli enti territoriali e degli enti e organismi da questi vigilati). Tale previsione normativa è di notevole importanza; infatti se è vero che il controllo svolto dai collegi è limitato, in quanto la cadenza temporale non consente un controllo approfondito e completo su tutta la gestione, è altrettanto vero che occorrerebbe prevedere effettivi meccanismi di adeguamento rispetto ai rilievi formulati dal Collegio, nel senso di dare un seguito a questi rilievi e non lasciare che “restino solo a verbale”. La previsione di un rappresentante del M.E.F. in tutti i Collegi di revisione o sindacali delle P.A. assicura “terzietà”, “imparzialità” e “neutralità” alla funzione di controllo, non dismette la veste di soggetto deputato al “controllo della finanza pubblica”, consente al Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze di svolgere meglio l’attività di vigilanza e di monitoraggio su tutta l’area della spesa pubblica che rientra nel perimetro del conto consolidato delle Pubblica Amministrazione. Ci si occuperà delle problematiche del controllo esterno della Corte dei conti sulle società pubbliche e dello stato della giurisdizione in materia di controllo sulla gestione degli enti pubblici economici e società pubbliche, deteminatesi anche a seguito delle privatizzazioni di imprese ed attività economiche. Dopo aver trattato, quindi, della distinzione tra controlli “esterni” di finanza pubblica (attuati dalla Corte dei Conti) e controlli “interni” di finanza pubblica (effettuati dalla Ragioneria Generale dello Stato), verranno tratte le conclusioni della ricerca, con particolare riferimento alla natura “collaborativa”dei controlli sia interni che esterni, alla necessità di una loro effettiva integrazione, alle presunte ipotesi di duplicazione degli stessi ed al loro grado di autorevolezza ed incisività.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Andrade, Mafalda Sousa. "Effects of caffeic acid alkyl esters in the control of planktonic and sessile cells." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89141.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Andrade, Mafalda Sousa. "Effects of caffeic acid alkyl esters in the control of planktonic and sessile cells." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89141.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Louros, Sérgio Ribeiro dos. "Controlo da produção e caracterização do biodiesel." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40383.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Yang, Kuei-Chen, and 楊貴蓁. "Evaluation of cinnamon oil mixing sugar ester on control of banana crown rot." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5365006%22.&searchmode=basic.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

碩士
國立中興大學
植物醫學暨安全農業碩士學位學程
107
Banana is one of the important exporting fruits in Taiwan. However, the quantity of banana exporting to Japan is decreasing in recent years. Not only because banana is perishable and not easy to store for long period time, but also because the wound is easy to be infected by complex fungi during shipping process. Previous studies have demonstrated that essential oils have potential on control of postharvest diseases due to antifungal activities. Moreover, the coating with edible films could delay the ripening of fruits. In this study, emulsified cinnamon essential oil with sucrose fatty acid ester were examined for the ability on inhibition of three pathogens of banana crown rot, Colletotrichum musae (CR02), Fusarium incarnatum (CRFU4) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (LT1), and the ability on prolonging the shelf life of bananas. The antifungal activity of emulsified cinnamon essential oil was tested by the volatile activity against three pathogens. The results showed that 1% emulsified cinnamon essential oil could inhibit the mycelium growth of CR02 and LT1 to 31.9% and 21.6%, respectively, but it was not effective on inhibition of CRFU4. The inhibition rates of mycelium growth of the three pathogens were increased from 41.1% to 100% when the concentration of emulsified cinnamon oil at 3%. In addition, the emulsified cinnamon essential oil added to PDA medium showed that 0.025% cinnamon oil emulsion could inhibit the mycelium growth of CR02, CRFU4 and LT1 to 74.6%, 40.8% and 53.2%, respectively. All of the three pathogens could be inhibited completely at 0.05%. For spore germination test, the spore germination rate of CR02 and CRFU4 were 39.6% and 76.2% at 0.05% emulsified cinnamon essential oil, and the spore germination rate were 98.6% and 100% at 0.1%. In this study, the sensitivity of the three pathogens to Benomyl the EC50 of CR02 and LT1 were under 1 ppm and CRFU4 was 297.8 ppm. The phytotoxicity test showed that 0.1% emulsified cinnamon essential oil could cause browning on the peel and 2% of sucrose fatty acid ester did not damage bananas in spite of high value of pH. The efficacy test of emulsified cinnamon essential oil, sucrose fatty acid ester and the mixture of cinnamon essential oil emulsion and sucrose fatty acid ester on control of crown rot after inoculated CR02 and CRFU4 indicated that 0.025% emulsified cinnamon essential oil had the could reduce the crown rot decay of bananas, but it was not effective on delaying the color change of peels. Moreover, sucrose fatty acid ester could decrease the development of crown rot disease and the color change of peels. However, the 0.025% cinnamon essential oil mixed with 1% sucrose fatty acid ester did not had efficacy on control of crown rot. This study showed the emulsified cinnamon essential oil and sucrose fatty acid ester have potential to control banana crown rot disease. However, it is necessary to develop best formulation between cinnamon essential oil and sucrose fatty acid ester in future.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Morelli, Mónica Lilian. "Análisis de registros, calidad de los datos y propuesta de mejoramiento de la historia clínica parinatal en la Maternidad del Hospital Ramón Castillo. Santiago del Estero Año 2005." Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/193.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tesis (Maestría)--Universidad Nacional de Ciencias Médicas, 2007
La investigación consistió en la evaluación del llenado de los datos en la Historia Clínica Perinatal, de las pacientes atendidas en el Servicio de Maternidad del Hospital Regional, Dr. Ramón Carrillo, utilizando el software del sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP) del CLAP, con el objeto de detectar y describir los datos faltantes o incorrectos en las mismas, la implicancia que ocasionan los mismos con el fin de optimizar la calidad del llenado y en consecuencia, la prestación. Objetivo General •Perfeccionar el llenado de la Historia Clínica Perinatal a fin de mejorar la calidad de las prestaciones futuras. Objetivos Específicos •Evaluar el llenado de la Historia Clínica Perinatal y describir cuales son los datos faltantes o incorrectos más frecuentemente.•Determinar la implicancia que tiene la falta o incorrección de esos datos.•Proponer normas, medidas y acciones, que tiendan a corregir las deficiencias encontradas en el llenado de la Historia Clínica Perinatal. Material y MétodoPara el presente estudio se considera población y muestra todas las Historias Clínicas Perinatales pertenecientes a pacientes atendidas en el Servicio de Maternidad del Hospital Dr. Ramón Carrillo, que tuvieron su parto entre el 1 de enero del 2005 y el 31 de diciembre del 2005, ingresadas al Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP). Tipo o enfoque de Investigación Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo del fenómeno que se refiere a los datos faltantes o incorrectos en los registros perinatales de las HCP volcadas al SIP. En virtud de tratarse de una investigación sin antecedentes de otros trabajos similares en la provincia, se trata de un trabajo exploratorio. Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos Los datos fueron obtenidos de una fuente secundaria, la cual es la base de datos constituida por las HCP volcadas en soporte informático (SIP), en la Maternidad del Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo, correspondiente al año 2005 (AU)
Mónica Lilian Morelli, Yolanda Bettoni.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

"Acarofauna predadora (Acari: Gamasida) de Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), em esterco de aves poedeiras, em granja da região de Pirassununga, SP : importancia no controle biologico, manejo integrado e foresia." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2003. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000298619.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Chen, Juan. "Mobility and environmental fate of norflurazon and haloxyfop-R methyl ester in six viticultural soils of South Australia / by Juan Chen." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22415.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Bibliography: leaves 67-72.
ix, 72 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
The main objective of this research project was to study the environmental fate and mobility of two herbicides registered for use in Australian viticulture, namely norflurazon and haloxyfop-R methyl ester.
Thesis (M.App. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Science and Management, 2000

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

"Alterações do perfil de lipoproteinas plasmaticas induzidas pela testosterona são moduladas pela expressão de proteina de transferencia de colesteril ester : estudos em camundongos transgenicos e controles." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2001. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000228145.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Chiang, Gao-Chi, and 江高旗. "Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Single Dose Intramuscular Sebacoyl Dinalbulphine Ester for Dogs in Post-Ovariohysterectomy Pain management: A Randomized, Observer Blinded, and Active Control Study." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/224q5m.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
臨床動物醫學研究所
106
Opioids are commonly used in postoperative pain management and morphine is the mostly used and standard opioid analgesic drug. However, opioid related adverse effects and relative short elimination half life should be concerned. Nalbuphine, a potent kappa-receptor agonist and partial mu-receptor antagonist, could reduce the risk of adverse effect associated with morphine and provide comparable analgesic effect. Sebacoyl dinalbulphine ester (SDE) is a synthetic diester prodrug of nalbuphine which has high lipophilicity that prolongs the duration of nalbuphine after intramuscular (IM) injection. A randomized, observer blinded, single dose, active-controlled study was performed to evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of IM SDE for dogs in post-ovariohysterectomy pain management. Thirty-two dogs scheduled for ovariohysterectomy were enrolled and randomized into 3 treatment groups (meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg, SDE15 mg/kg and SDE 30 mg/kg). Canine acute pain scale (CAPS) and short form of the Glasgow composite pain scale (GCPS) were used to assess postoperative pain. Any adverse events were recorded. The results revealed that there was no significant difference of CAPS and GCPS between the 3 treatment groups at any time point. High dose SDE group yielded better pain control than low dose SDE and indicated that the analgesia provided by SDE is dose-dependent. No dogs in either low or high dose SDE required rescue analgesic in first 24 hours post-operatively. No serious adverse event was reported. Hypersalivation and nausea (28.1%) was the most common drug-related adverse event among the 3 treatment groups. Only 1 dog (8.3%) in high dose SDE had mild muscle swelling at the injection site and resolved spontaneously after 24 hours post-operatively. In conclusion, SDE is generally well-tolerated and a fine analgesic for pain management during the first 24 hours in dogs following ovariohysterectomy by using an adequate dose.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Дисертації з теми "Controllo esterno"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями