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Книги з теми "Controlling Election"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

María, Maravall José, and Sanchez-Cuenca Ignacio, eds. Controlling governments: Voters, institutions, and accountability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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2

Wu, Jie Qiang. Spin relaxation mechanisms controlling magnetic-field dependent radical pair recombination kinetics in nanoscopic reactors. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1993.

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3

Oloka-Onyango, Joseph. Controlling Consent: Uganda's 2016 Elections. Africa World Press, 2017.

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4

Sa´nchez-Cuenca, Ignacio, and Jose Maria Maravall. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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5

Maravall, Jose Maria, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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6

Bergman, Elizabeth, Dari Sylvester Tran, and Philip Yates. Voter Identification. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934163.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 examines the role of voter identification requirements to register and cast a ballot in the 2016 U.S. election. Evidence is drawn from a county-level data set based on public records of votes cast for the two major party candidates to investigate the effects of lax and strict voter registration requirements in 50 U.S. states plus D.C. on the number of votes won by Clinton and Trump at county level, controlling for the demographic characteristics of counties, such as educational and poverty levels. The study concludes that, even with these controls, the type of voter ID laws did significantly impact the outcome; in the 2016 election, the estimates suggest that voter ID laws increased GOP support by 1.8% and lowered support for Democrats by 0.7%. In close contests, this made a difference, with voter ID significantly influencing the vote in favor of the GOP.

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7

Maravall, José María, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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8

Maravall, José María, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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9

Maravall, José María, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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10

Green, Steven K. The Third Disestablishment. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190908140.001.0001.

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The Third Disestablishment: Church, State, and American Culture, 1940–1975 examines the formative period in the development of modern church–state law. It discusses the cultural background for the Supreme Court’s adoption of separation of church and state as the controlling constitutional construct and then the popular response to that adoption. This cultural backdrop included a period of heightened tensions between institutional Protestantism and Catholicism, a conflict that did not dissipate until after the election of John F. Kennedy and the reforms of Vatican II. The book then considers the decline of church–state separation as a legal principle and a cultural value, a process that began in the 1960s with the rise of social welfare legislation under the Great Society.

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11

Hood, Christopher, and Rozana Himaz. The 1970s Fiscal Squeeze. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779612.003.0007.

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This chapter describes fiscal squeeze in an era of high political volatility and major economic challenges, including mass unemployment, a sharp increase in oil prices, double-digit inflation (i.e. a period of ‘stagflation’), and high levels of trade union militancy. The most dramatic period during the episode occurred in 1976, involving a split Labour Government under two different leaders, with a leadership election following a sudden prime ministerial resignation. That government pursued fiscal squeeze against the background of a deep currency crisis and bailout deals with outside lenders (the US Government and the IMF). The squeeze episode also led to some important institutional developments, producing the first major privatization since the 1950s and a new system of controlling public spending through ‘cash limits’.

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12

Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The moving electron: electrical properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0003.

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The three basic parameters controlling electron transfer are presented: electronic interaction, structural change and interelectronic repulsion. Then electron transfer in discrete molecular systems is considered, with cases of inter- and intramolecular transfers. The semi-classical (Marcus—Hush) and quantum models are developed, and the properties of mixed valence systems are described. Double exchange in magnetic mixed valence entities is introduced. Biological electron transfer in proteins is briefly presented. The conductivity in extended molecular solids (in particular organic conductors) is tackled starting from band theory, with examples such as KCP, polyacetylene and TTF-TCNQ. It is shown that electron–phonon interaction can change the geometrical structure and alter conductivity through Peierls distortion. Another important effect occurs in narrow-band systems where the interelectronic repulsion plays a leading role, for instance in Mott insulators.

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13

Charles M, Fombad. Part IV Independent Constitutional Institutions, 14 The Role of Emerging Hybrid Institutions of Accountability in the Separation of Powers Scheme in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759799.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses hybrid institutions of accountability: bodies such as Auditors-General and election commissions. Such bodies have long existed around the world, but they have traditionally been created by legislation. A number of recent African constitutions have begun to extend them formal constitutional status. The chapter assesses the extent to which these institutions can contribute towards checking against abuses of powers, enhancing accountability, and strengthening constitutionalism. It argues that the emergence of these institutions, far from demonstrating the failure of separation of powers in checking and controlling abuse of powers may well mark an important stage in the doctrine’s evolution and adaptation to the realities of modern constitutionalism. However, for these institutions to succeed, more efforts have to be made in their design to prevent them from being rendered ineffective.

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14

(Editor), José María Maravall, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca (Editor), eds. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability (Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy). Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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15

(Editor), José María Maravall, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca (Editor), eds. Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability (Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy). Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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16

The Craft of Controlling Sound: A Walk in the Acoustic, Analog, and Digital Worlds. Lulu.com, 2005.

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17

Montgomery, Erwin B. Principles of Electricity and Electronics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0002.

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The nervous system basically is an electrical device. Thus, the clinical effects of DBS result from affecting the nervous system electronically by depositing electrical charges in brain tissue. How the electrical charge is deposited depends on the electronics of the DBS IPGs, which is what you manipulate to deliver the electrical charge. Consequently, you need to know how controlling the electronics controls the deposition of the electrical charge into the brain. The physics of the electron is fundamental to the effects of DBS, as it is fundamental of the operations of the nervous system, so the chapter begins with a discussion of electrical forces. Electronics relates to the purposeful control of the flow of electrical charges, as in deep brain stimulation: the chapter explains exactly how DBS’s effects are achieved.

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18

Crook, Malcolm. The New Regime. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.013.

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This chapter aims to establish the first years of the French Revolution as a radical experiment in the practice of democracy, and to overturn the ‘moderate’ or ‘liberal’ perspective that many historians have adopted. Following the wholesale destruction of the ancien régime and the principles laid down in 1789 for the creation of a replacement, a new political culture emerged. The administrative framework that was rapidly instituted was by no means decentralized, but it proved incapable of controlling the great explosion of political activity and discussion, which subverted rather than supported the foundation of representative government. The analysis of elections, clubs and newspapers that flourished nationwide demonstrates these unruly dynamics of revolutionary citizenship, which the constitutional monarchy struggled to circumscribe. Despite the concerted efforts made to close this period of upheaval with the inception of the Constitution in the autumn of 1791, the Revolution was far from over.

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19

Houlihan, Erin, and William Underwood. Emergency Law Responses and the Covid-19 Pandemic (Global State of Democracy Thematic Paper 2021). International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.84.

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In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a variety of extraordinary legal and policy measures to protect lives, mitigate the spread of the virus, and prevent health systems from breaking down. These measures have often included curbing some human rights, restricting travel, shuttering up classrooms, suspending government services, ordering the temporary closure of businesses, controlling or curtailing news reporting, and sometimes delaying elections. To do this, many governments have activated emergency legal frameworks that provide for the assumption of emergency powers by the executive and, in some cases the weakening or setting aside of ordinary democratic checks and balances. It is helpful to understand the different types of laws relied upon (or not) by governments to justify their assumption of emergency powers and their imposition of emergency measures. This paper examines and compares different types of legal bases for emergency powers, built-in safeguards and constraints specific to each type of emergency regime, the factors that may influence choices about which emergency legal response to apply, and the associated advantages and risks

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20

Guillery, Ray. Defining the functional components of the thalamic gate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0008.

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This chapter starts by summarizing the electron microscopic appearance of the retinogeniculate axons and their immediate environment. These form the functional components of the visual input to the thalamic gate. I then look at evidence that all major thalamic relay nuclei have a shared structure produced by a shared developmental and evolutionary origin. Each nucleus receives a small proportion of its synaptic inputs (<10%) for relay to the cortex; these are the drivers. Drivers are topographically organized with the topography representing body parts, sensory space, or parts of the brain. Some drivers come from sensory pathways or from subcortical regions of the brain, and these innervate first-order thalamic relays; another, major part of the thalamus receives its drivers from the cerebral cortex itself, and these form the higher-order relays to the cortex. These higher-order corticothalamic inputs are crucial for understanding cortical processing. A large proportion of synaptic inputs (>90%) are not relayed to the cortex and are classifiable as modulators. They contribute to controlling the gate. Some modulators match the topography of the drivers, thus relating to the parts of the body and the world; others do not show this specificity and have more global actions.

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