Дисертації з теми "Contrôle nano-fonctionnalisation de surface"
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Geronimi-Jourdain, Théo. "New breakthrough in plasmon-mediated surface functionalization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7076.
Повний текст джерелаThe assembly of coupled nanoparticles (NPs) has aroused great interest in recent years, with a view to applications in the detection of chemical compounds (molecules, explosives, drugs,...) belonging to the field of surface exalted Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for example. Recently, the coupling of periodic structures of metallic nanoparticles NPs has allowed to highlight resonances called surface collective resonances (SLR) resulting from the coupling between localized surface plasmon modes and diffraction modes. These resonances are characterized by a very fine spectral width implying a strong exaltation of the electric field in the vicinity of the nanoparticles. In this thesis, we propose an experimental study verified by means of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) modeling, of individual and collective plasmonic resonances of surfaces supported by periodic arrays of metallic NPs elaborated by the electron lithography technique. The first part of this thesis, highlights the main optical characteristics, from the single NP to the assembly of NPs in periodic array. This chapter is illustrated with some examples from the literature on the excitation of these surface plasmons, to generate a localized surface functionalization. In a second step, an in-depth study on the improvement of the morphology conditions of the plasmonic substrates, in order to improve the molecular grafting at the level of the NPs, is presented. Then, we present the results obtained for a chemical grafting method, implemented in the laboratory, which allows the direct visualization of lattice modes, by grafting organic molecular films derived from diazonium salts, by exciting SLRs modes. Finally, the last part deals with the study of binary arrays of nanoparticles which revealed the emergence of two hybrid plasmonic modes, originating from the asymmetry of the elementary pattern. We then carried out, with the help of our grafting strategy, a study on the attachment of molecules only in the regions of maximum exaltions of the electric fields by exciting sometimes in the symmetric mode, sometimes in the anti-symmetric mode. During this PhD, these research works have allowed a clear improvement of the understanding and control of the deposition localization at the nanoparticle scale. It is on this solid basis that it is possible to associate materials already known for their remarkable optical properties (metallic NPs, quantum dots -QDs), with a thermosensitive polymer (pNIPAM), allowing an active and reversible control of the exaltation (or inhibition) of light emission by QDs, at the scale of the metallic NP. Such a control would allow a major advance in the optical performances of QDs incorporated in optical components
Borella, Mathias. "Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation de surface de revêtements obtenus par PECVD à partir d'un composé organosilicié cyclique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL082N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to study the potential of plasma polymerization of a cyclic organosilicon compound to supply the various needs in surface functionnalization. Plasma polymerization kinetics and growth modes depend on critical process parameters. These parameters mainly govern the conformation of the plasma polymer which determines its bulk properties. These bulk properties influence the surface properties. Using the present process, low surface energy, 18 mJ.m-2, and high surface energy, 68 mJ.m-2, could be obtained depending on the synthesis conditions. The cyclic nature of the polymer conformation surprisingly control the wetting hysteresis properties of the surface with high accuracy when the process works in the oligomerization growth mode. Finally, the interest of such a process is illustrated with some examples of applications showing the potential of these materials, i.e. the cyclic plasma polydimethylsiloxanes
Menanteau, Thibaud. "Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation par réduction des sels de diazonium via le piégeage radicalaire." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0059/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe surface functionalization by diazonium salt reduction is a powerful grafting method. However, despite that this approach allows the preparation of robust materials, it leads to thick and unorganized organic films. In this context, we have developped a method allowing the grafting control in order to obtain films having controlled thickness. Based on the use of radical scavengers, this method gives access to monolayer formations on carbon substrates. The control strategy was then exploited to selectively block the radical grafting mechanism and allows to assess the role of non-radical mechanisms in the process. This study provided a better understanding of the layer growth, highlighting the impact of precursor substituent.This knowledge has been used to elaborate a multifunctional platform monolayer. The establishment of sutructure/properties relathionships revealed better performances for electronic transfert and electrocatalysis. Finally, the control method was transposed to the spontaneous grafting and gives similar results than those obtained for the electrochemical one. This approach was validated by the performance optimization of supercapacitor made of carbon powder
Alloul, Haytham. "Surfaces moléculaires hétérogènes : un outil vers le control [i.e. contrôle] du mouillage et des morphologies d'auto-assemblage de nano objets." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0353/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe knowledge about interfacial free energy interactions and surface energy is necessary for understanding and modeling many surface and interface processes. The investigation of the surface properties of solids is very important in several applications such as wetting, spreading and adhesion processes. Such processes occur during the preparation of suspensions, emulsions, painting, printing and corrosion protection. Knowledge about surface free energy of solids appears as a very important parameter determining the interfacial properties in solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces where many implementations are involved. We have studied the effect of the chemical modification on surface energy for two types of silica: Aerosil OX 50 is chosen as a nanometric substrate and the wafers of silicium chosen as micrometric substrate. For silica OX 50, the chemical modification was carried out using the hydrophobic hexadecyltrichlorosilane (HTS). Transmission infrared and the quantification of organic carbon were helpful in the estimation of increasing quantities of HTS grafted to the surface. Two adsorption isotherms were drawn. Then, continuous adsorption isotherm of argon and nitrogen was used to study the evolution of energetic heterogeneity in the course of the chemical reaction. This was achieved by applying an analysis strategy of the monolayer volume (Vm) of adsorbed argon and nitrogen. Results enabled the drawing of a third adsorption isotherm. The quantification of surface energy for various samples was realize using capillary rise (macroscopic technique) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) (molecular technique). For silicon wafers, two types of surfaces were elaborated in this study. The first hydrophilic (OH grafting), was obtained by oxidation of silicon wafers (Piranha treatment), the second hydrophobic (CH3 grafting), was obtained by grafting HTS molecules to the surface. The quantification of the surface free energy was achieved using the wettability (macroscopic technique) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscopic technique). Finally the different values of surface free energy obtained for native silica are compared to those of hydrophilic (OH) flat surfaces. As for hydrophobic surfaces, the silica OX 50 modified with maximum quantity of HTS is compared to Hydrophobic (CH3) flat surfaces
Baudrion, Anne-Laure. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de cristaux plasmoniques : application au contrôle de la propagation d’ondes optiques de surface." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS031.
Повний текст джерелаA periodic modulation of a metallic film which sustains a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is called a plasmonic crystal (PC). In this work, one and two dimensional PC are fabricated by electron beam lithography and characterized by Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope. In the one dimensional case, Plasmonic Bragg Mirrors (PBM) are added first to a metallic film and then to a metallic stripe allowing the deflexion of the SPP propagation with a angle of 90°. In the two dimensional case, a triangular lattice of gold bumps is deposited on a metallic film. The interaction of this PC with the SPP is studied for two different incident propagation axes. The photonic band gap effect and the influence of the filling factor are characterized. The guiding mechanisms of the SPP in channel defects opened in PC are explained by means of Ewald constructions and the SPP propagation in channels including bends is observed
Potier, Victor. "Contrôle de l'adhésion d'acide polylactique imprimé sur différents substrats textiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI137.
Повний текст джерелаThe Aim of this thesis is to characterize adhesion between PLA FDM-3D printed pattern and several type of textile (different chemical nature and different weave or knit pattern). The characterization has been performed thanks to physical and chemical analysis of both PLA and textiles material (DSC, TGA, rheology, contact angle measurement) and study of the interface (peeling test and SEM analysis). In the first part of this thesis, influence of the chemical, structural nature of textiles and influence of the processing parameters has been detailed. Second part focus on way of enhancing adhesion between PLA and viscose textile via acetylation and aminosilane grafting. Last part is dedicated to functionalization of PLA via grafting of anhydride maleic and blending with a ionic liquid. Use of the grafted PLA has proven to be an efficient way of enhancing the adhesion between PLA and viscose and silk-based textiles
Realista, Coelho Dos Santos Pedrosa Catarina. "Nanotopographies bioactives pour le contrôle de la différenciation des cellules souches mésenchymateuses pour des applications en ingénierie de tissu osseux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0319/document.
Повний текст джерелаNanotopography with length scales of the order of extracellular matrix elements offers the possibility of regulating cell behavior. Investigation of the impact of nanotopography on cell response has been limited by inability to precisely control geometries, especially at high spatial resolutions, and across practically large areas. This work allowed the fabrication of well-controlled and periodic nanopillar arrays of silicon to investigate their impact on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Silicon nanopillar arrays with critical dimensions in the range of 40-200 nm, exhibiting standard deviations below 15% across full wafers were realized using self-assembly of block copolymer colloids. To investigate if modifications of surface chemistry could further improve the modulation of hMSC differentiation, mimetic peptides were grafted on the fabricated nanoarrays. A peptide known for its ability to ameliorate cell adhesion (RGD peptide), a synthetic peptide able to enhance osteogenesis (BMP-2 mimetic peptide), and a combination or both molecules were covalently grafted on the nanostructures.Immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) measurements reveal clear dependence of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on the diameter and periodicity of the arrays. Moreover, the differentiation of hMSCs was found to be dependent on the age of the donor. Surface functionalization allowed additional enhancement of the expression of osteogenic markers, in particular when RGD peptide and BMP-2 mimetic peptide were co-immobilized. These findings can contribute for the development of personalized treatments of bone diseases, namely novel implant nanostructuring depending on patient age
Wang, Mengjia. "Spin-orbit interactions for steering Bloch surface waves with the optical magnetic field and for locally controlling light polarization by swirling surface plasmons." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD013/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy thesis is devoted to novel nano-optical phenomena and devices based on spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light. First, magnetic spin-locking, i.e., an SOI solely driven by the magnetic field of light, is demonstrated with Bloch surface waves. It provides a new manifestation of the magnetic light field. Then, we propose and demonstrate the concept of traveling-wave plasmonic helical antenna (TW-HPA), consisting of a narrow helical gold-coated wire non-radiatively fed with a dipolar nano-antenna. By swirling surface plasmons, the TW-HPA combines subwavelength illumination and polarization transformation. The TW-HPA is demonstrated to radiate on the subwavelength scale almost perfectly circularly polarized optical waves upon illumination with linearly polarized light. With this subwavelength plasmonic antenna, we developed strongly integrated arrays of point-light emissions of opposite handedness and tunable intensities. Finally, by coupling two couples of TW-HPAs of opposite handedness, we obtained new polarization properties so far unattainable
Brugnara, Andrea. "Contrôle cavitaire de la réactivité redox d'un ion métallique (Cu) dans un environnement biomimétique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P625/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe X6TMPA molecule is composed by a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TMPA) cap covalently linked to the small rim of the calix[6]arene. This compound can coordinate and stabilize a Cu(I)/Cu(II) ion in a mononuclear environment. These compounds possess unique properties in host-guest and redox chemistry.This PhD thesis work describes some synthetic strategies employed in order to modify the scaffold of the macrocycle, either at the large or the small rim. Moreover, the studies conducted in order to evaluate the impact of each structural modification on the reactivity of the resulting system are detailed. Chapter 2 describes the “large rim tri-functionalization” strategy. It has been employed to introduce three hydrophilic moieties on the calix[6]arene unit. These groups enable the water-solubilization of the molecule, as well as the Cu(I)/Cu(II) monometallic complexes. For these systems, host-guest chemistry in aqueous media has been explored: a remarkable property is the high affinity of the cupric complex for fluoride anion. Chapter 3 describes the “large rim hexa-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds have been employed for novel applications, as surface functionalization or “monoclick” reaction. Chapter 4 describes the “small rim tri-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds are reactive in solution. A phenol-containing macrocycle, that gives a stable radical species at room temperature, and a quinone-containing macrocycle, in which the calix[6]arene moiety is a redox-active unit, are presented. Moreover, the reactivity of the monometallic complexes (Zinc, Copper) has been explored and discussed
Itawi, Ahmad. "Dispositifs photoniques hybrides sur Silicium comportant des guides nano-structurés : conception, fabrication et caractérisation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112363/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work contributes to the general context of III-V materials on Silicon hybrid devices for optical integrated functions, mainly emission/amplification at 1.55µm. Devices are considered for operation under electrical injection, reaching performances relevant for data transfer application. The main three contributions of this work concern: (i) bonding InP-based materials on Si, (ii) nanostructuration of the Si guiding layer for spatial and spectral control of the guided mode and (iii) technology of an hybrid electrically injected laser, with a special attention to the thermal budget. Bonding has been investigated following two approaches. The first one we call heterohepitaxial or oxide-free bonding, is performed without any intermediate layer at a temperature ~450°C. This approach has the great advantage allowing electrical transport across the interface, as reported in the literature. We have developed oxide-free surface preparation for both materials, mainly InP-based layers, and established bonding parameter processing. An in-depth STEM and RX structural characterization has demonstrated an oxide-free reconstructed interface without any dislocation except on one or two atomic layers which accommodate the large lattice mismatch (8.1%) between InP and Si. Photoluminescence of quantum wells intentionally grown close to the interface has shown no degradation. We have also developed an oxide-based bonding process operated at 300°C in order to be compatible with CMOS processing. The original ozone activation of the very thin (~5nm) oxide layer we have proposed demonstrates a bonding surface without any unbonded area due to degassing under annealing. We have developed an original method based on nanoindentation characterization in order to obtain a quantitative and local value of the surface bonding energy. Related to the absence or to the very thin intermediate layer between the two materials, our modal design is based on a double core structure, where most of the optical mode is confined in the Si guiding layer, and no taper is required. The Si waveguide on top of the SOI stack is a shallow ridge. A nanostructured material on both sides of the waveguide core ensures the lateral confinement, the nanostructuration geometry being at a sub-wavelength period in order to operate this material well below its photonic gap. It behaves as an uniaxial material with ordinary and extraordinary indices calculated according to the structuration geometry. Such a structuration allows modal and spectral control of the guided mode. 3D modal and spectral simulation have been performed. We have demonstrated, on a double-period structuration, a wavelength selective operation of hybrid optical waveguides. Such a double-period geometry could be included in a laser design for DFB operation. This nanostructuration has larger potential application such as coupled waveguides arrays or selective resonators. We have developed all the technological processing steps for an electrically injected hybrid laser fabrication. Main developments concern dry etching, performed with the Inductive Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching ICP-RIE technique of both the nanostructuration of the Silicon material, and the mesa of the hybrid laser. Efficient electrical contacts fabrication is also a complex step. First lasers operating performances could be improved. We have investigated a specific design in order to overcome the thermal penalty encountered by all the hybrid devices. This penalty is due to the thick buried oxide layer of the SOI stack that prevents heating related to the current flow to be dissipated. Taking advantage of the electrical transport we have shown at the oxide-free interface, we propose a design where the n-contact is defined on the guiding Si layer, suppressing thermal heating under electrical operation. Such an approach is very promising for densely packed hybrid devices integrated with associated electronic driving elements on Si
Delabouglise, Didier. "Contrôle moléculaire des propriétés des polymères conducteurs." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132001.
Повний текст джерелаBousquet, Antoine. "Nouvelles stratégies d'élaboration contrôlée de surfaces polymères." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13733/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe describe the use of surface segregation to functionalize the surface of polymeric materials. The incorporation of an additive (amphiphilic block copolymer) in a homopolymer host initially leads to its homogeneous distribution within the matrix. When annealed, directed by the decrease of the surface free energy, the surface is enriched on the additive. In our laboratory, polystyrene thin films and particles were functionalized by following this approach. We employed amphiphilic block copolymers composed of one PS block to compatibilize with the homopolymer matrix, and a second block which will bring the desired function at the surface. Thus, PS-b-poly(acrylic acid), PS-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) or PS-b-poly(L-Lysine) afford pH sensitivity and PS-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) gives pH and thermo sensitivity. Contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, zeta potential measurement or scanning electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the materials and their responsive behavior
Siry, Pierre. "Développement d'un dispositif d'acoustique picoseconde en microscopie optique de champ proche pour l'étude des propriétés élastiques de nano-objets." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066339.
Повний текст джерелаLancuski, Anica. "Mise en forme et caractérisation de nano-fibres fonctionnalisées par chimie click pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038629.
Повний текст джерелаBarr, Maïssa. "Fonctionnalisation de surface par "atomic layer deposition" pour la réalisation de dispositifs électrochimiques de stockage et de production de l'énergie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4081/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe approach developed here is the so-called bottum-up method to design nanostructured electrodes that can be use for energy storage and production. First, the surfaces are structured at the nanoscale using electrochemical methods. This method is not expensive, it allows a total control of the geometry and it is easy to implement on large surfaces. Then, the nanostructures are functionalized by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). This technique is particularly useful for surface functionalization as it allows to deposit high quality materials on large surfaces with a thickness control at the atomic scale. The combination of the electrochemical structuring with the surface functionalization by ALD is particularly attractive for the targeted applications : photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and lithium batteries. The development of a hybrid anode consists of SnO2 coated TiO2 nanotubes for Li-ion batteries is described. The second study is the development of anodes for direct ethanol fuel cells consists of the nanotubes of TiO2, SnO2 and Pd. The last part focused on the production of ordered nanotubular photoelectrode for the production of hydrogen. The alumina membranes are used as a template for the deposition of NiO and Sb2S3 by ALD
Petkova, Petya Stoyanova. "Surface nano-structured materials to control bacterial contamination." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398122.
Повний текст джерелаLa propagación de bacterias e infecciones, inicialmente limitada a infecciones adquiridas en el hospital, se ha extendido al resto de la sociedad causando enfermedades muy graves y más difíciles de tratar. Además, muchas de estas enfermedades son provocadas por bacterias que se han hecho resistentes a los antibióticos convencionales. Por lo tanto, limitar la capacidad de estas bacterias para desarrollar resistencia puede potencialmente reducir la alta incidencia de estas infecciones y evitar miles de muertes cada año. Las partículas de escala nanométrica son unas candidatas prometedoras para combatir las bacterias, ya que su mecanismo de acción las hace disminuir las probabilidades en el desarrollo de resistencia. Las nanopartículas (NPs) se pueden incorporar en matrices poliméricas para diseñar una amplia variedad de materiales nanocompuestos. Estas nanoestructuras consisten en NPs orgánicas/inorgánicas e inorgánicas representando una nueva clase de materiales con una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Esta tesis trata sobre el desarrollo de materiales antibacterianos con estructura nanométrica dirigidos a prevenir la propagación de bacterias. Para lograr esto, dos herramientas fisicoquímicas y biotecnológicas versátiles tales como sonoquímica y biocatálisis, se combinaron de manera innovadora. La irradiación por ultrasonido se ha utilizado para la generación de nanoestructuras diversas y su combinación con biocatalizadores (enzimas) abre nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de materiales, aquí ilustrados por la producción de textiles médicos recubiertos con NPs, membranas de tratamiento de agua y apósitos para heridas crónicas. La primera parte de la tesis tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de textiles médicos antibacterianos para prevenir la transmisión y proliferación de bacterias utilizando dos estrategias "de un solo paso" para el recubrimiento antibacteriano de estos textiles con NPs. En el primer enfoque NPs antibacterianas de óxido de zinc (ZnO NPs) y quitosano (CS) fueron depositadas simultáneamente sobre tejido de algodón por irradiación de ultrasonido. Los recubrimientos híbridos de NPs obtenidos demostraron propiedades antibacterianas duraderas después de varios lavados exhaustivos. Por otra parte, la presencia de biopolímeros en las NPs híbridas mejoraba la biocompatibilidad del material en comparación con el recubrimiento de solamente de ZnO NPs. En la segunda parte de la tesis, híbridos antibacterianos hechos de biopolímeros y NPs de plata y matrices de corcho, fueron ensamblados enzimáticamente en un material antimicrobiano para su utilización en la remediación de aguas. Biopolímeros antibacterianos aminofuncionalizados (CS y aminocelulosa) se utilizaron como agentes dopantes para estabilizar las dispersiones coloidales de plata (Ag NPs). Además, estas partículas presentan todas las funciones necesarias para su inmovilización covalente en el corcho proporcionando un efecto antibacteriano duradero. Estos biopolímeros aumentaron la eficacia antibacteriana de estos nanocompuestos en condiciones que simulan una situación real en humedales construidos. En la tercera parte de la tesis, se desarrolló un hidrogel nanocompuesto bioactivo para el tratamiento de heridas crónicas. Nanoesferas de galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG NSs) fueron sintetizadas a través de sonoquimica y se incorporaron y simultáneamente reticularon enzimáticamente en un hidrogel de quitosano tiolado. El potencial del material generado para el tratamiento de heridas crónicas fue evaluado por sus propiedades antibacterianas y su efecto inhibidor sobre biomarcadores producidos en heridas crónicas infectadas (mieloperoxidasa y colagenasa). También se consiguió la liberación sostenida de EGCG NSs por parte de la matriz generada, que junto con su buena biocompatibilidad, demostraba su potencial para el tratamiento de heridas crónicas.
Pardon, Gaspard. "From Macro to Nano : Electrokinetic Transport and Surface Control." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikro- och nanosystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144994.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20140509
Rappid
NanoGate
Norosensor
Benchohra, Amina. "Magnetic molecular switches : from their synthesis to their integration into hybrid (nano)materials." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS489.
Повний текст джерелаMolecular switchesare molecules that can asdjust their(chemical, physical) properties in response to an external stimulus. The fascinating properties of molecular switches have drawn most attention in molecular electronics and more generally in advances materials research. This PhD project was developped at the frontiers of ERMMES and Polymeres research themes, in the framework of a first collaboration. Our major interest was to establish reliable synthetic routes for the design of hybrid (nano)materials based on magnetic molecular switches. The work was particularly focused on spin crossover complexes and a family of photomagnetic cyanide-bridged Fe/Co cages. These switches were first functionalized at their periphery, on the tris(pyrazolyl)borate capping ligand used for their synthesis. The functionalization influence on the switches properties were carried out to target the best candidates for hybrid materials design. Then, we dedicated efforts on the intergration of magnetic molecular switches into two main classes of materials, (i) surfaces and (ii) organic polymers, through wet-chemistry approaches. This manuscript combines this set of studies
Adumeau, Laurent. "Développement de stratégies de biofonctionnalisation de surface de nano-objets pour des applications biologiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0425/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was the design of nanoparticles for three different biologicalapplications: magnetic nanoparticles cluster for magnetic extraction of biological materials,multimodal contrast agents (MRI and near infrared fluorescence imaging) for atherosclerosisdiagnosis, and fluorescent silica nanoparticles with two different dyes for in vitro and in vivo tumorlabeling. One part of the project dealt with the developement of a new grafting method ofpoly(ethylene oxide) macromolecules onto nanoparticle’s silica surfaces (PEGylation) in order toobtain a high grafting densities. The obtained results have shown that this PEGylation reduces the nonspecificprotein adsorption allowing a better extraction and sorting efficiency, and also permitsnanoparticles to escape the surveillance of the immune system for in vivo tumor labeling. Therefore,the biomolecular recognition of the nanoparticles has been optimized by controlling the number ofconjugated biomolecules and by studying this biomolecular recognition using biophysical methods(SPR, QCM-D). Finally, the different nano-objects were evaluated in the context of their respectiveapplication
Issa, Ali. "Functionalization and 2-photon Patterning of Photopolymers for 1D and 3D Directed Assembly of Nano-objects." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe precise patterning of nanoparticles (NPs) with fine control of their spatial positioning and orientation is highly desirable. Their selective assembly in multiple dimensions and on continuous length scales would lead for the formation of collective properties that differ from those of individual particles providing astronomical potential to many applications. In this context, the 3D patterning of metallic NPs offer the potential to increase the number of electromagnetic “hot spots” towards new generation of integrated and ultrasensitive sensors. In this thesis, we present a general strategy for the immobilization of NPs, particularly gold, on 1D and 3D polymer micro templates. This strategy involves the functionalization of photopolymers and their 2-photon polymerization to fabricate microstructures that selectively attract colloidal NPs with suitable ligands allowing their precise organization even within complex 3D structures. We show monolayers of NPs without aggregations collecting a clean surface besides that the surface density of NPs on the polymer surface can be controlled. We deeply investigated the functionalization mechanism of photopolymer and the interaction of the polymer surface with NPs. Finally, we show the potential of our functionalization strategy for multiple applications including SERS detection of chemicals
Dufour, Renaud. "Conception et caractérisation de surfaces flexibles superomniphobes : phénomène d'hystérésis et dépôt contrôlé de nano-volumes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10087/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn a superhydrophobic surface, water drops rebound and roll off due to trapping of air pockets between micro or nano structures (“Fakir” state). However, the same surface is inefficient toward alcohol drops which spread in the asperities.In order to extend the superhydrophobic effect to a wide range of liquids, it is necessary to design microstuctures with a “re-entrant” geometry. These surfaces are then called superomniphobic. In a first time, we present two microfabrication processes enabling to obtain such surfaces in polymer, or in polymer and silicon nitride. In a second time, we study the adhesion properties (contact angle hysteresis) as a function of microstructures geometrical parameters. The results point out a saturation effect which is not described by actual models. In order to better understand the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we present an experiment enabling to visualize the liquid interface deformation on these surfaces. Measurements show that dewetting occurs through the formation of micro capillary bridges. By analyzing the instability modes of these liquid bridges, we show that it is possible to qualitatively demonstrate the observed saturation effect. The experiments also point out the presence of nano-scale liquid volumes on the micro-structures resulting from de-wetting of the surface. The heterogeneities of these deposits is correlated to the triple line dynamic. The phenomenon presents interesting perspectives for the controlled and passive deposition of colloids or bio-materials
Borella, Mathias Belmonte Thierry. "Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation de surface de revêtements obtenus par PECVD à partir d'un composé organosilicié cyclique." S. l. : S. n, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_BORELLA_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLeulmi-Pichot, Selma. "Destruction de cellules cancéreuses par vibrations magnéto-mécaniques de micro/nano particules magnétiques : Elaboration des particules par approche top-down, biofonctionnalisation et tests in-vitro." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY063/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the coming years, the treatment of serious diseases (cancer, brain diseases, etc.) could benefit more intensely from advances in materials science and nanotechnology. From the medical point of view, it is well known that cancer cells tend to develop resistance to chemotherapy, and the side effects encountered seriously limit the effectiveness of treatments. For these reasons, the search for alternative therapies that target cancer cells without affecting healthy tissues is currently one of the most active areas of research on cancer. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles are receiving an increasing interest in a variety of applications ranging from biomedical diagnostic to targeted treatments. Indeed, due to their remote actuation by external magnetic fields, the magnetic particles have the ability to locally perform actuations on targeted biological species.This thesis describes an approach based on interfacing cancer cells with bio-functionalized magnetic particles. When these particles are bound to the cancer cells, applying an external alternating magnetic field induces the particles oscillations, which then transmits a mechanical stress to the cancer cells.For this application, specific magnetic particles were prepared. Unlike conventional magnetic particles made by chemical routes ("bottom-up"), the particles studied in this thesis have been specially designed by techniques used in micro / nanoelectronics ("top-down"). Thus, two types of magnetic particles were compared; synthetic antiferromagnetic particles (SAF) consisting of magnetic multilayer stacks and microparticles consisting of a single magnetic layer with a magnetic vortex configuration.Once these particles released in a solution, the self-polarization phenomenon that contributes to the agglomeration / dispersion of these particles by magnetostatic interactions were compared for both types of particles as well as the mechanical torques that they can exert on cancer cells when subjected to an external magnetic field.Although SAF particles generate higher torques, finding biocompatible materials that may replace the constituents of the magnetic stack remains difficult, while vortex-particles would be easier to make in magnetic iron oxides.By exploiting the properties of NiFe magnetic vortices, we have developed an approach for the targeted destruction of the human renal carcinoma cells. The tests launched in vitro show that the magneto-mechanical stimulus creates two dramatic effects: a significant decrease in the rate of alive cancer cells, and the initiation of the apoptosis (programmed cell death). These results were achieved by applying low field values (~ 100 Oe i.e.10mT) at low frequencies (~ 20 Hz). Studies for the quantification of cell death by flow cytometry were conducted. The results already obtained even at the stage of "proof of Concept" are very encouraging for new perspectives of cancer therapies
Baklouti, Linda. "Capteurs à base d'assemblages discontinus organisés pour la détection spécifique de gaz." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT198/document.
Повний текст джерелаGas sensing and monitoring are important issues for both industrial safety and protection of the environment and human beings. Dihydrogen, is increasingly used as fuel and energy carrier but it is extremely flammable and explosive in a wide range between 4 and 75% in air.Similarly, ammonia is widely used in industry as a cooling gas or as a reagent for the chemical production of other compounds.This gas presents risks to the environment and to living beings and can form explosive mixtures with air within 15 to 28% by volume.Gas sensors, indicating the presence and /or quantification of these gases, are very important.In continuation of our work on resistive sensors based on discontinuous assembly of nano-objects, the aim of this thesis was to prepare resistive sensors for the detection of H2 and NH3.These sensors are based on 2D assemblies of complex compositions of nanoparticles. Three types of core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized: Au@ZnO, Au@SnO2 and Au@Ag. Different physicochemical techniques (UV-Visible / TEM / DRX etc.) were used to characterize the particles. The next step was to assemble them in compact monolayers. The films were obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett assembling technique. Then, they were transferred to the surface of a glass slide supporting interdigitated electrodes. Sensing performances of the as-fabricated resistive sensor were evaluated.Sensors based on Au@ZnO and Au@SnO2 nanoparticles were tested towards H2, while Au@Ag based sensors were tested under NH3.The sensors showed attractive performances in H2 and NH3 detection within wide concentration ranges. Another important contribution of this work is the understanding of detection mechanisms. Various analytical techniques such as TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption) and TPR (temperature programmed reduction) were used for the discussion of the mechanisms involved
Dellinger, Eric-Antoine. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'oxydes par chimie thiol-ène pour le contrôle de l'adsorption protéique et de l'adhésion cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066332.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to design surfaces allowing controlling cellular adhesion by the study of protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Two main parts were investigated in order to answer this challenge: on one side the optimization of grafting conditions using the thiol-ene reaction of thiol-terminated ethylene glycol chains (OEG or PEG) on a undecenyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer, on the other side the surface chemical characterization (angle contact measurement, ellipsometry, fluorescence microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared IR-ATR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ToF-SIMS) after each reaction step. The methodological investigation of thiol-ene grafting conditions exhibits the development of a bilayer structured system after a 1 minute reaction time concerning OEG grafting, 1 hour in case of PEG grafting. By using different substrates (silicon oxide, titanium, glass), different molecules OEG-thiol or PEG-thiol (from 7 to 220 ethylene unit long, methyl-, carboxyl- or amine-terminated), we highlight the range of available versions of this strategy. These chemical extremities lead on demand either to protein adsorption inhibition or to biomolecule adsorption, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fibronectin (Fn) giving access to specific adhesion.By controlling the light-exposed areas in the sample plan, the photochemistry occurring during the thiol-ene grafting allows to design surface patterning for addressing both protein adsorption and cell adhesion on the sample surface
Mortier, Claudio. "Conception de surfaces bio-inspirées à mouillabilité contrôlée à partir de polymères conducteurs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4110/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe control of the surface wettability is a key point for the development of innovative materials in several domains such as nano-, bio- and smart-technologies. The wettability is a function of two main parameters of the materials, such as the surface energy and the surface morphology. The combination of these two parameters allows to observe wetting phenomena as super/parahydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. These extreme abilities to repel liquids with different adhesion behaviors are very interesting properties for several industrial applications. This work presents a series of polypyrrole derivatives elaborated by electrodeposition allowing to influence the parameters driving the surface wettability. Following this approach, it was possible to develop surfaces with several types of morphology and different wetting behaviors from a low to high wettability. The different functionalizations using hydrophobic compounds grafted on various preferential positions on the monomer core yielded to para and superhydrophobic surfaces showing the impact of the surface energy and morphology on the wettability. Thanks to preliminary studies, it was showed the possibility to obtain several morphologies from spherical aggregates to fibers at the micro/nano scale. Finally, this work contributes to an upstream control of the surface wettability and morphologies for many potential applications such as water harvesting, separation membranes and self-cleaning coatings
Ecarnot, Aurore. "Nano-pince optique intégrée contrôlée par plasmon de surface localisé pour le piégeage de nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS545/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is focused on the conception and the realisation of an integrated nano-tweezers based on the near field effect to trap nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm.The proposed device exploits the strong coupling between a SOI waveguide and a gold elliptic chain to excite the localized surface plasmon and to create a deep energy potential well to trap polystyrene beads.FDTD simulations are used to optimize the geometry of the structure and to extract the stiffness values and the potential energy. The efficiency and the trapping stability are evaluated with particles having size between 20 nm and 1 $upmu$m. This work shows that polystyrene beads with a radius between 50 and 250 nm are efficiently trapped thanks to single and double plasmonic chain with an injected power of 10 mW. The electric field is more localized when two gold elliptic nanocylinders on top of a SOI waveguide are considered. This structure can be used as a sensor to detect the shift of the optical index or the variation of the bead size. The tweezing of metallic beads having radius higher than 15 nm is also presented. It is also possible to control the position of the trap particle along a gold elliptic chain by varying the injected wavelength into the waveguide.Trapping device are fabricated in clean-room based on the simulations results of the geometry optimisation and are characterized on an optical bench. Optical measurements of transmission enable to determine the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic chain. Optical trapping experiment highlight the efficient tweezing of dielectric nanoparticles. With time resolved tracking method of the particle, position histograms can be plotted to extract potential energy and stiffness value. These experimentals results are not as good as the simulations results which can be explain by mechanic vibrations of the optical bench.This trapping device opens news applications in all integrated nanometric sensors with a small injected power
Torrent, Franck. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces métalliques par des couches minces d'oxynitrures de titane obtenues par irradiation laser sous atmosphère contrôlée et par PVD." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927056.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Yakhlifi El Hadouchi Salima. "Control of the structure and the properties of polydopamine in suspensions, in films and in gels for biomedical applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE013.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of the dynamics of the oceans, several marine organisms have had to adapt and develop adhesive strategies in order to survive. In particular, marine mussels are known for their extraordinary ability to attach to a wide variety of surfaces, and even in wet conditions. This feat has opened the door to intense research efforts over the past decade to attempt to understand and be inspired by this property. Studies have shown the presence in the adhesive substance of the mussels, a large amount of L-Lysine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) and 3-4-hydroxyproline (1). The combination of catechols and primary and secondary amines has been shown to contribute to this strong adhesion (2). Based on this hypothesis, researchers have succeeded in developing a simple synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) by oxidation of dopamine, which is a molecule with precisely these two chemical functions (3). However, even today, there is no consensus on the mechanisms of formation of this material. This complexity stems from the many possible reaction pathways after the initial oxidation step. In addition, PDA shares physicochemical characteristics with eumelanin, the black-brown pigment responsible for the coloring of the skin. The structural similarity between these two entities gives PDA interesting properties, the most remarkable being its antioxidant properties. Although the molecular structure and the stages of formation of PDA are not yet fully understood, its ability to adhere to any kind of substrate makes it a material of choice in many applications in medicine, cosmetics, industry… It is therefore in our interest to continue research efforts in this area. It is in this context that this thesis fits, which can be divided into three axes: a first part consisted in optimizing the method of PDA synthesis and in training and developing a technique for controlling PDA nanoparticles. Using the advances of this step, interest was given to the physicochemical study of PDA films in order to better understand its formation mechanisms in order to then be able to better control them. Finally, special attention was given to the study of an application of gel formed from PDA based on the findings of the first two axes
Leclerc, Lara. "Internalisation cellulaire et activité biologique de mico et nano-particules fluorescentes de chimie de surface contrôlée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735365.
Повний текст джерелаCoquery, Clément. "Fonctionnalisation du chitosane : vers un nouveau revêtement biosourcé pour la protection des métaux contre la corrosion." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаCorrosion treatment is an economic, environmental and health safety issue. More widely used on an industrial scale, coating protection consists in isolating the metal from the aggressive medium by an adherent, continuous and impermeable layer. They must have three major properties: 1) be strongly adherent to the metallic substrate, 2) have good barrier properties to limit the penetration of water and aggressive species and 3) provide a role in inhibiting corrosion. However, the protection of metal surfaces by current techniques generates significant pollution due to the use of chromates. The use of bio-based and soluble polymers in aqueous media would be a challenge and would contribute to preserving the environment. Polysaccharides such as chitosan are biodegradable and environmentally friendly macromolecules with anticorrosive properties and are therefore possible alternatives. These theses focus on the development of anticorrosion coatings based on chitosan. Chitosan has two weak points for use as a coating against corrosion: 1) insufficient adhesion on the surface of the materials and 2) hydrophilicity. As a result, chitosan has been chemically modified to increase its adhesion and barrier properties. In order to improve its adhesion on metal substrates, phosphonic acid groups have been added via the Kabachnik-Fields reaction on chitosan. The development of a chitosan with catechol functions was also discussed. Initially, the modified chitosan was tested and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a corrosion inhibitor and coatings based on the same chitosan were made and their corrosion protection evaluated. Two approaches of coating elaborations were tested: dip-coating and Layer-by-Layer (LbL). Different ways of functionalizing chitosan have also been presented to increase the barrier properties of the coating. Phthaloylation chemistry of chitosan was described and hydrophobic chain grafting was studied
Adumeau, Pierre. "Nano-sondes hybrides luminescentes pour la détection du cancer de la prostate." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020604.
Повний текст джерелаGehan, Hélène. "Nano-structuration de substrats à points chaud contrôlés : application à la diffusion Raman exaltée de surface." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077196.
Повний текст джерелаSince the last decade, the development of coupled nanoparticles (NPs) assemblies has been particularly studied for applications in surface enhanced spectroscopy. In this field, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS is considered as an extremely sensitive tool, allowing the detection of very few amounts of various molecules type (drugs, explosives, biological molecules). It requires very huge electromagnetic field enhancements occurring within the gap between coupled NPs, called hot-spot. However, one of the major difficulties is the non-reproducibility of these hot spots, occurring by generally random NPs aggregates. In this work, we propose to design and to characterize by SERS structured assemblies of coupled gold nanostructures. Two ways are explored: (i) the development of substrates in which coupled gold NPs are self-assembled in an patterned way. This strategy shows that a small amount of coupled NPs is favourable to the detection of few molecules. On the other hand, the case of a great amount of coupled NPs is rather favorable to common analytical studies. Moreover, this method is adaptable to various form of NPs. (ii) The second strategy consist in a plasmonic device made of gold NPs separated from a gold film through a thermoresponsive polymer layer. Studies using electrochemistry and SERS as the function of the temperature show an interaction between the gold film and the NPs. This interaction is dependent on the distance between these two entities which is controlled by conformational changes of the polymer layer in response to temperature variations. A new setup which can make an image of the near field enhanced areas. The main idea is about the adsorbate molecule which is sensible to the near field, although its enhanced Raman scattering detection is done in far field. We can say that the molecule frustrate the near field in order to give an image of this local field
Mughal, Muhammad Zeeshan. "Nano-patterning of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) surfaces for control of protein absorption." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603545.
Повний текст джерелаSarra-Bournet, Christian. "FONCTIONNALISATION DE SURFACE DE POLYMÈRES PAR PLASMA À LA PRESSION ATMOSPHÉRIQUE : Amination de surface et dépôt de couches minces par un procédé de décharge par barrière diélectrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26904/26904.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to develop surface modification processes using atmospheric pressure plasma for the surface functionalization of polymers with amino groups (NH2) for biomedical applications. Developing a process working at atmospheric pressure aims to eliminate the need for a pumping system, thus obtaining a technology that would be efficient and low cost for an industrial process. The plasma generation mode chosen was a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Two surface modification strategies were investigated: Surface plasma amination and plasma thin film deposition. The two different types of surface modifications were characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF SIMS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Contact Angle goniometry (CA), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). On one hand, surface plasma amination, results demonstrate the importance of H2 and its derived species for amino groups functionalization on the surface of polymers in an atmospheric pressure DBD in N2-H2. Moreover, the obtained knowledge allows now the possibility to control and optimize the surface density and surface modification specificity for amino groups. On the other hand, the functionalized thin films obtained in an atmosphere of N2-C2H4 reveals a highly variable nitrogen concentration as a function of the reactive gas/carrier gas (C2H4/N2) while the surface density in amino groups is constant. Sticking coefficients and/or surface mobility of the different species created as a function of time residence in the discharge lead to different coating morphologies. The addition of H2 in the discharge leads to the formation of nanoparticles and new structures, named “nanorods” that present anisotropic dimensions (100-200 nm in diameter for 1-10 m in length). Finally, atmospheric pressure DBD surface functionalization is an efficient and low cost technique for the creation of uniform surface modification with amino groups that can be later used to covalently graft various chemicals functionalities; chemical functionalities that can be used for various applications.
Gassara, Sana. "Préparation des membranes à base de poly(étherimide) fonctionnalisées et à taille de pores contrôlée : application à la séparation sélective des ions et des acides aminés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20131.
Повний текст джерелаFunctionalized poly(etherimide) (PEI) membranes with controlled pore size were prepared based on two steps : preparation of UF membranes with a molecular weight cut-Off (MWCO) of 120 ± 10 kDa by phase inversion induced by coagulation in water followed by a surface treatment with an aqueous solution containing amino oligomers. Modification with a commercial monoamine derivative, Jeffamine M-2070, gave membranes (PEG-PEI) coated with brushes of poly (ethylene glycol) short chains that made the membrane more hydrophilic and more resistant to fouling by BSA with a recovery flow rate of of 80 to 93 % (treatment of 1 to 3 h). The MWCO of PEG-PEI membranes treated more than 3 h became progressively larger and reached 500 kDa after 5 h of treatment. On the other hand, reaction with oligomers of poly (ethyleneimine) gave positively charged membranes (Cat-PEI) by narrowing the pore size yielding tight UF and NF membranes. Cat-PEI NF membranes with MWCO of about 300-500 Da are suitable for desalination with a retention order of decreasing simple salts CaCl2> NaCl> MgSO4> Na2SO4. The high retention of Ca2+ ions (more than 90%) make Cat-PEI effective membranes for softening water (reducing the hardness of tap water from 37 to 7 °F). In addition, Cat-PEI membranes showed a good retention of basic amino acids (more than 80% for arginine and lysine) at pH between 3 and 6. Thus, an experimental selectivity of about 20 was obtained for a glutamic acid and arginine mixture using Cat-PEI membranes with a MWCO between 500 and 750 Da
Kuo, Shih-Kang. "Development of a magnetic suspension system and its applications in nano-imprinting and nano-metrology." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054236218.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 175 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-175). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Maaz, Mohamad. "Surfaces fonctionnalisées pour la radiodécontamination." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS159/document.
Повний текст джерелаNuclear energy is the true engine of our modern day society and seen as the most efficient and clean form of energy. At the same time, it is the source of many concerns, with its highly radiotoxic waste produced by nuclear reactors and the public health and environmental risks that follow nuclear accidents. In this context, the aim of this project was to come up with new innovative materials, capable of efficiently trap radionuclides in contaminated aqueous media. A new polymer is reported and synthesized in solution as a free polymer, using the easy, cheap and fast metallic copper-mediated controlled radical polymerization (Cu0-CRP). The new polymer was also built from different substrates like PET and PVC, the latter being the most efficient. These new materials were later put to test and proved to be highly performing in trapping uranium and many lanthanides in water. These results have many implications in the nuclear industry. They can be used to harvest uranium from seawater as a future renewable energy source. They can also help the nuclear waste management industry. They are also a potential candidate for treating radio-contaminated environments and for radiodetoxification of living species, including humans
Attia, Mohamed. "Contrast agent based on nano-emulsion for targeted biomedical imaging." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF043.
Повний текст джерелаX-ray imaging agents are essential in combination with X-ray computed tomography to improve contrast enhancement aiming at providing complete visualization of blood vessels and giving structural and functional information on lesions allowing the detection of a tumor. As well as it is fundamental tool to discriminate between healthy cells and pathogens. We successfully limit the problems presented in commercial Xray contrast agents like poor contrasting in Fenestra® VC associated with short blood circulation time and to avoid rapid renal elimination from the body as found in Xenetix (Iobitriol). We developed nontoxic and blood pool iodine-containing nano-emulsion contrast agents serving in preclinical X-ray μ-CT imaging such as, α- Tocopherol (vitamin E), Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), Castor oil, Capmul MCMC8 oil and oleic acid. Those formulated nanoemulsions were prepared by low energy spontaneous emulsification technic with slight modification for each platform. They showed new specific features rendering them promising agents in in vivo experiments as improving the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of targeted therapeutic interventions. We investigate the effect of size and the chemical composition of the nanoparticles on their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. They demonstrated that the chemical structures of the droplet’s cores have significant role in targeting for example vitamin E was mainly accumulated in liver and castor oil formulation was passively accumulated in spleen explaining the proof-of-concept of EPR effect. On the other hand, two different platform sizes of Cholecalciferol molecule revealing that no real impact on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution but presented remarkable effect on the toxicity. Of particular interest is studying the effect of the surface charge of nanoparticles on their biodistribution, this is why oleic acid nano-emulsion was selected to proceed this study by presence of amphiphilepolymer poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO). The in vitro results and in vivo evaluations were completely coherent approving that the neutral charged NPs are less toxic compared to the negatively charged ones that were highly uptaked in the cells causing stress to the cells and thereby affecting the toxicity. As a result they are different in biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. In this context, for the first time, we were able to functionalize the nano-emulsion droplets with ligand molecules by covalent bonds. Likewise we designed nano-droplets and coated by silica shell ended by amino groups and then followed by formation of amide bonds with grafting to dye ligand model (coumarin blue dye). The quantification of amino groups was performed by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, with a grafting efficiency as high as 41%. This process improves the targeting properties of such chemotherapeutic agents to the location of interest following active targeting mechanism (ligand receptorstrategy). One of our achieved objectives was to engineer multifunctional polymer-based NPs encapsulating hydrophobic drug model as DDs and iron oxide NPs as a theranostic model. To conclude, novel contrast agents and delivering systems were synthesized with outstanding physicochemical characteristics and suitable for in vivo medium with high efficacy and low toxicity
Huang, Caijin. "Optical nano-antennas : passive properties and active control." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS011/document.
Повний текст джерелаOptical nanoantennas are a new class of optical devices, generally constituted of metal nanoparticles, used for enhancing the interaction between an electromagnetic wave and a nano-scale object. These components are operating in the visible to near infra-red part of the spectrum and are offering solutions for the inherent limitations of optics at the nanometer scale. In particular, the properties of optical antennas are governed by the surface plasmon resonances of the underlying structure. These resonances are associated with a large field confinement, beyond the diffraction limit, and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic response that is used to amplify weak optical processes. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to understand by an experimental approach what are the key parameters characterizing an optical antenna with the aim to control its operation. Through the development of an original microscopy based on a low numerical aperture diascopic illumination and a subsequent spatial filtering, the scattering characteristics of a single optical nano-antenna were successfully measured. Our approach was first tested with simple model antennas (nanoparticles) before investigating multi-element coupled antennas (dimers). In analogy to radiofrequency theory, we have defined and measured important antenna characteristics: operating frequency, detuning factor, gain and emission diagram. We have studied the influence of the morphology of the antenna on these characteristics. Continuing the comparison with microwave antennas, we have introduced the concept of an optical tuner. The operating principle is to modify the medium in which the antenna is emitting its radiation i.e. the load of the device. To this aim, we have employed anisotropic liquid crystal molecules. With this load medium, the orientation of the anisotropy can be controlled by a static electric field. The operation of the optical tuner, i.e. tuning of the antenna to a broadcasting frequency, is demonstrated for electromagnetically coupled antennas
Agreda, Adrian. "Electrical control of the nonlinear properties of plasmonic nanostructures." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK010.
Повний текст джерелаThis work brings nano-electronics and nano-photonics technologies together to create an electron- plasmon device whose linear and nonlinear optical properties are electrically controlled. Here, we present the first demonstration of nonlinear photoluminescence modulation by electrical means in an uncluttered configuration. To this purpose, plasmonic nanoantennas are interfaced with elec- trical connections inducing localized regions of electron accumulation and depletion and therefore affecting the optical response. Additionally, a complete analysis of the nonlinear photoluminescence in plasmonic nanowires is carried out. The delocalization and transport of nonlinearities provided by such structures allow the remote activation of the signals. Different aspects including the un- derlying mechanisms behind the electrical modulation and the processes dictating the nonlinear photoluminescence generation are systematically explored
Imihami, Mudiyanselage Chiththaka Chaturanga Devapriya Bandara. "Characterisation of the bactericidal efficacy of natural nano-topography using dragonfly wing as a model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106746/1/Chiththaka%20Chaturanga%20Devapriya%20Bandara_Imihami%20Mudiyanselage_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYunda, Elena. "Conception de surfaces chimio-structurées pour l'étude de l'adhésion bactérienne et la formation contrôlée des biofilms bactériens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0087.
Повний текст джерелаBiofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria brings concerns, particularly in food and medical sectors, and is associated with high sanitary risks and economic losses. Biofilms of probiotic bacteria can potentially be used to prevent the surface contamination by pathogenic species. This work was focused on the investigation of the development of biofilms of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and the possible control of their formation by combining surface functionalisation and physico-chemical approaches. The effect of different environmental conditions on the kinetics of the biofilm growth and on its biochemical composition was analysed by in situ and real time measurements with infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) under flow conditions. These data were complemented by epifluorescence images providing information on the surface distribution and the shape of the bacterial cells at specific stages of the biofilm development. Compatible with ATR-FTIR measurements, a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal was chosen as a substrate, bare or functionalised with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). SAMs were formed from alkanethiols terminated by methyl (-CH3), hydroxyl (-OH) or amine (-NH2) groups to obtain hydrophobic, hydrophilic and positively charged substrates, respectively. The kinetics of self-assembly of the alkanethiols onto ZnSe, the organisation of the molecules, their areal density and the surface energy of thus obtained surfaces were studied preliminarily to the biofilm cultivation by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, high energy Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and contact angle measurements. The analysis of the ATR-FTIR spectra of LGG biofilms recorded in situ and in real time during 24 hours revealed an important role of the nutritive medium in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, phospholipids, polysaccharides and lactic acid. Substrate properties had low impact on the biochemical composition of LGG biofilms, but had a critical role in the strength of attachment of cultivated biofilms. The findings of this multidisciplinary work provide a fundamental understanding of how the direct environment, including a support surface, influences the properties of bacterial biofilms at the molecular and cellular scales, based on which favourable conditions for the enhancement of probiotic biofilm growth and its mechanical stability can be chosen
Girard, Hugues. "Traitements électrochimiques contrôlés sur diamant : corrélation entre chimie superficielle et réactivité électrochimique." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526505.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Shiyi. "Engineering Electromagnetic Wave Properties Using Subwavelength Antennas Structures." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1427837723.
Повний текст джерелаM'Nasri, Najib. "Elaboration de nanomatériaux composites métal@nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuses (MSN) : étude des performances catalytiques en phase aqueuse et des propriétés d'adsorption sélective du diiode en phase gaz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20199.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to develop efficient synthesis routes to prepare mesoporous silica-based nano-sized particles, designated as MSN, with controllable morphology and derivatised with selected transition metals. One-pot preparation and surface functionalisation procedures based on the insertion of the metal-phase precursor into the porogen aggregates were thoroughly optimised leading to silica particles containing such single metals as copper, palladium, platinum, silver or gold, as well as a two-metal phase of copper and palladium or that of palladium and platinum. It was demonstrated that the highly dispersed metal phase was localised on the pore surface and therefore it was readily accessible to the target chemicals on which to base the catalytic performance of the resulting materials. Among others, the remarkable catalytic performance of the Cu@MSN material in Huisgen and Sonogashira reactions and its propensity to undergo efficient recycling were proven through laboratory-scale testing. Experimental study of the selective adsorption of iodine vapour onto MSN supports functionalised with silver nanoparticles indicated an excellent retention capacity of such materials
Houplin, Justine. "Structuration chimique induite et contrôlée par impact d’électrons lents sur films moléculaires supportés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112124/document.
Повний текст джерелаSelf-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) are good candidates to develop molecular platforms with controlled physico-chemical properties. A SAM is an ordered monolayer of bi-functionnal molecules. These molecules consist of an adjustable terminal function, separated from a headgroup by a chosen spacer chain. Thus, SAMs properties can be adjusted for the development of molecular electronic systems or (bio)-chemical sensors. Furthermore, additional chemical structuration can be induced by irradiation.Most current methods of irradiation involve high energy particles. The induced damages result from several competitive mechanisms (ionisations, excitations, dissociations). In this thesis, low energy electrons (0-20 eV) are used as primary particles, and the interaction processes between electrons and SAMs are studied in order to identify electron attachment resonances. At the associated energies, selective and effective dissociative processes can be induced to propose irradiation strategies leading to controlled and optimized chemical modifications.Model SAMs of thiols on gold are studied by a vibrational spectroscopy technique of strong surface sensibility, high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). It allows at the same time to characterize SAMs and to probe electron-molecule interaction processes. The result obtained deal with : 1) Aromatic model SAMs of Terphenyl-thiol (HS-(C₆H₄)₂-C₆H₅), which can be stabilized by cross-linking under irradiation. Induced reactive processes at 1, 6 and 50 eV were compared and opposed, thanks to an advanced vibrational characterization of the SAM before and after irradiation, and by paying a particular attention to the stretching mode ν(CH) behaviour.2) Mercaptoundecanoic acid SAMs (HS-(CH₂)₁ ₀ -COOH), whose terminal functions allow for example the peptide anchoring. The interface SAM / environment (COO-/COOH, residual water) was characterized thanks to the strong sensitivity of the stretching modes ν(OH) to hydrogen bonding. The approach that was developped can be easily transposed to other systems
Zidelmal, Nacim. "SILIPOLYSALEN : étude du greffage par polymérisation contrôlée de complexes de salen sur silicium pour une application en catalyse asymétrique hétérogène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS058.
Повний текст джерелаChiral metal complexes of salen type are known for their efficient catalytic activity leading to the preparation of enantioselective enriched synthons. In accordance with the concept of green chemistry, one of the main challenge is to establish a procedure for the recovery and reuse of these catalysts. In this context, the objective of this work is to functionalize the silicon surface by grafting these catalysts by controlled polymerization especially by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) to facilitate their recovery and reuse.Thus, styrene copolymers containing 5 to 50 mol % of an disymmetric salen comonomer were synthesized by ATRP in solution. The controlled nature of the polymerizations is obtained only when the incorporation of the salen comonomer is less than or equal to 10%.After complexation with cobalt, these complexes are shown to be capable of effective cooperative activation, leading to the targeted product with high yields and selectivities as catalysts in Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (HKR) of epibromohydrin.Constantio Constantini fratre imperatoris, matreque Galla.We also reported the polymerization of styrene on the silicon surface by ATRP after grafting of the initiator. Several methods of initiator grafting have been used either directly from the hydrogenated surface or indirectly from an acid or ester surface. Styrene has been successfully mass polymerized in a controlled manner on silicon with thicknesses of 9-29 nm of the layer obtained by ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy
Pray-In, Yingrak. "Azlactome funchionalization of magnetic nanoparticles using CRP techniques and their bioconjugation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1037/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe herein report the surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) with copolymers containing active azlactone rings via a grafting ‘from’ and grafting ‘onto’ controlled radical polymerization (CRP) for use as a nano-solid support for immobilization with biomolecules. Three different approaches were presented as following. First, synthesis of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-stat-2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEGMA-stat-VDM)-grafted MNP via a grafting ‘from’ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and its application as a platform for conjugating thymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer were presented. The presence of polymeric shell and the immobilization of thymine PNA on MNP core were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The second strategy is based on the synthesis of MNP grafted with PEGMA and VDM via ATRP for conjugation with folic acid (FA). The existence of PEGMA and VDM in the structure was characterized by FTIR, TGA and VSM. After the FA conjugation, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the FA-conjugated MNP having high VDM content exhibited good dispersibility in water.Third, the synthesis of MNP grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEO-b-PVDM) block copolymer via a grafting ‘onto’ strategy and its application as recyclable magnetic nano-support for adsorption with antibody were studied. PEO-b-PVDM diblock copolymers were first synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and then grafted onto amino-functionalized MNP. TEM images and photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS) indicated an improvement in the particle dispersibility in water after coating with the copolymers. The nanoclusters with PEO-b-PVDM copolymer coating were used as recyclable magnetic nano-supports for adsorption with antibody
Zhao, Shuang. "Nano- to micro-scale topographic control of polymer surfaces via wrinkling." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51783337.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-51).