Дисертації з теми "Contrôle autonome"
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Veerapen, Nadarajen. "Contrôle autonome d'opérateurs pour la recherche locale." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995607.
Повний текст джерелаLouis, Silvain. "Système robotisé semi-autonome pour l'observation des espèces marines." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS043.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis, in collaboration with a biologists team of Marbec, is to develop a semi-autonomous robotic system for marine species observation. For this, this system will have to perform the known biologist protocols as well as new protocols while proving its effectiveness compared to a diver. To achieve the protocols, we have developed the associated control laws and a mission management system to allow the construction, the formal validation and the execution of a mission. Finally, to answer the problem of feasibility of observation by a robot, we conducted the experiments in Mayotte
Revel, Arnaud. "Contrôle d'un robot autonome par approche neuro-mimétique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/97CERG0034.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBallesteros, tolosana Iris. "Commande Prédictive pour le Véhicule Autonome." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis work contained in this manuscript is dedicated to the Advanced Driving Assistance Systems, which has become nowadays a strategic research line in many car companies. This kind of systems can be seen as a first generation of assisted or semi-autonomous driving, that will set the way to fully automated vehicles. The first part focuses on the analysis and control of lateral dynamics control applications - Autosteer by target tracking and the Lane Centering Assistance System (LCA). In this framework, safety plays a key role, bringing into focus the application of different constrained control techniques for linear parametervarying (LPV) models. Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Interpolation Based Control (IBC) have been the selected ones in the present work. In addition, it is a critical feature to design robust control systems that ensure a correct behavior under system's variation of parameters or in the presence of uncertainty. Robust Positive Invariance (RPI) theory tools are considered to design robust LPV control strategies with respect to large vehicle speed variations and curvature of the road changes. The second axis of this thesis is the optimization-based trajectory planning for overtaking and lane change in highways with anti-collision enhancements. To achieve this goal, an exhaustive description of the possible scenarios that may arise is presented, allowing to formulate an optimization problem which maximizes passenger comfort and ensures system constraints' satisfaction
Pérébaskine, Victor-Olivier. "Une architecture modulaire pour le contrôle d'un robot mobile autonome." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30136.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Jalaoui Abdellah. "Gestion Contextuelle de Tâches pour le contrôle d'un véhicule sous-marin autonome." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380374.
Повний текст джерелаDe plus, le besoin d'autonomie dans un environnement (milieu sous-marin) en constante évolution et souvent inconnu requiert de la part du véhicule d'être capable, à chaque moment, d'évaluer son état et l'état de son environnement afin de prendre les décisions cohérentes pour exécuter sa mission. La réalisation d'un tel véhicule autonome requiert une méthodologie de conception de son architecture logicielle/matérielle.
Ici, nous présentons l'architecture développée au LIRMM pour l'AUV Taipan. Cette architecture est construite en respectant certains critères tels que la modularité, l'évolutivité et la réutilisabilité.
L'architecture est construite à partir de composants indépendants appelés "modules". Ces modules possèdent un ensemble de ports entrée/sortie qui vont permettre l'établissement dynamique de flux de données/contrôle. Il est alors possible de programmer les modules séparément, de les modifier et de les tester avant de les assembler.
L'architecture mixte proposée repose sur deux niveaux hiérarchiques: un niveau décisionnel comprenant un Superviseur Global et des Superviseurs Locaux (un pour chaque mode: autonome, téléopération, coopération) et un niveau exécutif basé sur un ordonnanceur et des modules.
Un vocabulaire basé sur trois types de termes: les objectifs, les sous-objectifs et les modules est utilisé au sein de l'architecture pour exprimer l'intention (objectifs), les capacités du système (modules) et la manière dont les intentions vont être réalisées grâce aux capacités du robot (sous-objectifs).
Le plus haut niveau, le superviseur global, est en charge de la gestion de la mission à un niveau stratégique. Les décisions relatives aux tâches robotiques à lancer à des dates précises, la planification de ces tâches sont prises à ce niveau. Il décompose la mission reçue de l'opérateur en une séquence d'objectifs envoyés au superviseur local. Le superviseur local vérifie la disponibilité des ressources, réagit aux événements immédiats (e.g. évitement d'obstacle). Il subdivise chaque objectif en sous-objectifs avant de les envoyer au niveau exécutif. Le niveau exécutif fonctionne de manière périodique. Plusieurs modules dans ce niveau sont coordonnés pour configurer les capteurs, calculer les lois de commandes et gérer les conflits liés à l'instrumentation. Pour assurer le respect des contraintes bas niveau (e.g. capteurs acoustiques interférents) un ordonnanceur est en charge de gérer en ligne l'activité des modules bas niveau.
Pour illustrer les principaux aspects de notre approche, un exemple d'application a été développé et testé sur l'AUV Taipan.
Causse, Olivier. "Navigation sous contraintes : planification et contrôle d'exécution pour un robot mobile autonome." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344991.
Повний текст джерелаFleury, Sara. "Architecture de contrôle distribuée pour robot mobile autonome : principes, conception et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165569.
Повний текст джерелаJean, Isabelle. "Contrôle autonome d'orbite pour un satellite de télédétection utilisant la propulsion faible." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1253.
Повний текст джерелаFleury, Sara. "Architecture de contrôle distribuée pour robots mobiles autonome : principes, conception et applications." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30121.
Повний текст джерелаJalaoui, Abdellah El. "Gestion contextuelle de tâches pour le contrôle d'un véhicule sous-marin autonome." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20145.
Повний текст джерелаDegoute, Christian-Serge. "Contrôle de la microcirculation cochléaire par le système nerveux autonome chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T020.
Повний текст джерелаN'Goran, Arnold. "Contrôle optimal et gestion énergétique d'une station d'énergie autonome par optimisation robuste." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM050.
Повний текст джерелаPower microgrid control involves solving a complex optimisation problem when it must deal with the intermittent, poorly forecasted production of renewable energy sources and with the short-term dynamics of the storage devices used to address intermittency issue. This thesis aims to shed light on the compared practical performance of optimization methods in control with the implementation of different strategies, exact or approximated, analytical or numerical, deterministic, stochastic or robust
Paillat, Jean-Luc. "Conception et contrôle de robots à géométrie variable : applications au franchissement d'obstacles autonome." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589292.
Повний текст джерелаLemay, David. "Commande multisystème hiérarchisée pour le pilotage d'un avion autonome au sol." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2054.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of worldwide air traffic growth and airport security improvement, the main aeronautics actors are currently investigating new systems, strived for autonomously piloting the aircraft while taxiing ground-borne. The present thesis deals with aircraft taxiing control and the design of a multivariable control architecture aimed at supervising all the ground acting systems: driving and braking systems of main wheels and the nose landing gear steering system. A global control architecture is introduced after a detailed modelling of the system dynamics and an analysis of the issues induced by the nonlinearities. A linear Q.F.T controller is synthesised to ensure robust control against uncertainties of the wheel angular dynamics, in both driving and braking operations. The vehicle lateral dynamics is controlled by means of a feedforward-feedback hybrid controller. The latter includes a nonlinear gain-scheduled controller designed by a modal approach. All the architecture control loops are finally validated in a high level path following control, achieved with the “follow the carrot” geometric method. A set of representative simulations show the overall good performances and validate the whole proposed solution
Maturana, Jorge. "Contrôle générique de paramètres pour les algorithmes évolutionnaires." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0015.
Повний текст джерелаParameters of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) greatly influence their ability to produce good results. These parameters define structural and behavioral aspects of the EA, ranging from choosing which features will be included (e. G. Set of operators, encoding, selection scheme) to how these features will be used (e. G. Operators' application rates). Parametrization of EAs have been longly a specialist domain, and even though many previous studies have addressed the parametrization problem, there is a lack of generic approaches that could be applied to a wide range of EAs in a simple way. This thesis deals with the problem of creating a generic controller, that could be included in any EA with a minimum effort. Generality is accomplished by incorporating a learning/ adaptive component, that monitors the state of the search and modify parameter values. The controller focuses in common goals of all EAs, that is to say, to maximize both the diversity of the population and the quality of the individuals, in order to maintain a convenient balance between exploration and exploitation. Several configurations of learning tools and adjustment methods were tried and analyzed, using different EAs solving well known combinatorial problems. Positive results suggest that our goal of building a generic, easy-to-use controller is a feasible approach
Rengifo, cadavid Carolina. "Contrôle plateforme pour la validation du véhicule autonome sur simulateur dynamique à hautes performances." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE023.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this manuscript takes part in the context of driving simulation and more specifically in the one of dynamic driving simulators used for the validation of advanced systems and the autonomous vehicle. In order to address the issues of performance and motion perception, we have presented different approaches to improve the Motion Cueing Algorithms (MCA). All our studies show that the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is the best choice to MCA on high-performance driving simulators. Indeed, compared to other strategies, it allows to better take advantage of the workspace without endangering the simulator and/or the driver. However, in this MCA, the real-time optimization and the perception model must be guaranteed in order to improve the driver's immersion in the virtual environment. Therefore, we compared different techniques to solve constrained optimization problems. We proposed a based optimization technique, which provides an intuitive and fast solution to the MPC constrained optimization problem. Finally, we established recommendations for MCA parameterization according to the self-declared driving behavior allowing a better perception of motion in a driving simulator, in interactive driving and in autonomous mode
Martineau, Anaïs. "Étude de la performance du contrôle autonome d'intégrité pour les approches à guidage vertical." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000984/.
Повний текст джерелаTo ensure civil aviation requirements different architectures are defined to augment basic Global Navigation Satellite System constellations. Among them, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is a simple and efficient solution to check the integrity down to Non Precision Approaches. The future introduction of Galileo and modernized GPS will imply great improvements in the number and in the quality of available measurements. Thus, more demanding phases of flight such as approaches with vertical guidance could be targeted using classical or new RAIM techniques to provide integrity monitoring. The goal of this thesis is to carefully evaluate the RAIM resulting performance, as more available measurements also implies a larger number of potential faulty measurements. Moreover, the targeted phases of flight are also characterized by more stringent requirements resulting in smaller threatening range errors to be detected
Landry, Jean-François. "Planification optimale discrète et continue : un joueur de billard autonome optimisé." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6681.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Gloannec Simon. "Contrôle adaptatif d'un agent rationnel àressources limitées dans un environnement dynamique et incertain." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157545.
Повний текст джерелаrationnel et autonome. Le travail consiste à élaborer un système de
contrôle intelligent pour un agent évoluant dans un environnement
incertain. L'agent doit pouvoir contrôler sa consommation de ressources
au cours d'une mission prédéfinie. La première partie de cette thèse
introduit le concept de planification sous incertitude. Une présentation
des processus décisionnels de Markov (MDP) précède un état de l'art sur
les techniques de résolution de MDP de grande taille.
Ce système de contrôle de ressources s'appuie sur le raisonnement
progressif. Le raisonnement progressif permet de modéliser un ensemble
de tâches sous forme d'unités de raisonnement progressif (ou PRUs).
Chaque PRU définit des niveaux de réalisation pour une tâche donnée,
donnant lieu à des qualités croissantes de réalisation. Chaque niveau
est lui-même composé de modules dont un seul sera retenu pour sa
réalisation. Choisir un module plutôt qu'un autre permet à l'agent de
faire un compromis entre la qualité de la tâche accomplie et les
ressources consommées.
Cette thèse présente deux extensions du raisonnement progressif : la
prise en compte de ressources multiples et l'adaptation à un changement
de mission. Premièrement, des algorithmes sont présentés pour faire face
à l'explosion combinatoire due à l'introduction de nouvelles ressources.
Deuxièmement, l'élaboration d'un algorithme d'approximation de fonction
de valeur permet d'obtenir rapidement un système de contrôle pour
s'adapter à un éventuel changement de mission. Une expérience est
finalement menée sur un robot réel qui contre ses ressources grâce au
raisonnement progressif.
Pouchairet-Ramona, Jean-Laurent. "Développement d'un système d'initiation pyrotechnique, sécurisé, autonome, intelligent et intégrant des nanothermites." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаAnswering a growing need for standardization and adaptability in pyrotechnics, we hereby present a smart and safe pyrotechnical infrared (IR) flare electronically controllable through an embedded miniature initiation system. The countermeasure has been designed to fit within a 1”×1”×8” standard cartridge, and consists of three distinct blocks, which are mechanically and electronically interconnected: (1) a pyrotechnical ejection block integrating three ejection charges in a single metalized plastic casing, (2) a micro-initiation stage comprising nanothermite-based micro-initiators and a structured pyrotechnic loaf, (3) a STANAG 4187 compatible electronic control, command and power management block.Throughout this work, we developed a lumped parameter internal ballistics model for the ejection, and conducted a response surface methodology study to extract optimal design parameters. We developed a geometric regression script, based on level set techniques, to model the combustion of multicomponent, sequentially-initiated, partially inerted pyrotechnic loafs. We demonstrated, theoretically then experimentally, that we could control the combustion of IR pyrotechnic loaves using sequential initiation, and that we could control the ejection velocity of IR flares using multipoint mortar ejectors.This work resulted in integrating said technological block in a functional 1’’1’’8’’ controllable, autonomous safe and smart infrared flare demonstrator, CASSIS
Maturana, Jorge. "Contrôle Générique de Paramètres pour les Algorithmes Evolutionnaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459185.
Повний текст джерелаRolland, de Rengerve Antoine. "Apprentissage Interactif en Robotique Autonome : vers de nouveaux types d'IHM." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0664/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn autonomous robot collaborating with humans should be able to learn how to navigate and manipulate objects in the same task. In a classical approach, independent functional modules are considered to manage the different aspects of the task (navigation, arm control,...) . To the contrary, the goal of this thesis is to show that learning tasks of different kinds can be tackled by learning sensorimotor attractors from a few task nonspecific structures. We thus proposed an architecture which can learn and encode attractors to perform navigation tasks as well as arm control.We started by considering a model inspired from place-cells for navigation of autonomous robots. On-line and interactive learning of place-action couples can let attraction basins emerge, allowing an autonomous robot to follow a trajectory. The robot behavior can be corrected and guided by interacting with it. The successive corrections and their sensorimotor coding enables to define the attraction basin of the trajectory. My first contribution was to adapt this principle of sensorimotor attractor building for the impedance control of a robot arm. While a proprioceptive posture is maintained, the arm movements can be corrected by modifying on-line the motor command expressed as muscular activations. The resulting motor attractors are simple associations between the proprioceptive information of the arm and these motor commands. I then showed that the robot could learn visuomotor attractors by combining the proprioceptive and visual information with the motor attractors. The visuomotor control corresponds to a homeostatic system trying to maintain an equilibrium between the two kinds of information. In the case of ambiguous visual information, the robot may perceive an external stimulus (e.g. a human hand) as its own hand. According to the principle of homeostasis, the robot will act to reduce the incoherence between this external information and its proprioceptive information. It then displays a behavior of immediately observed gestures imitation. This mechanism of homeostasis, completed by a memory of the observed sequences and action inhibition capability during the observation phase, enables a robot to perform deferred imitation and learn by observation. In the case of more complex tasks, we also showed that learning transitions can be the basis for learning sequences of gestures, like in the case of cognitive map learning in navigation. The use of motivational contexts then enables to choose between different learned sequences.We then addressed the issue of integrating in the same architecture behaviors involving visuomotor navigation and robotic arm control to grab objects. The difficulty is to be able to synchronize the different actions so the robot act coherently. Erroneous behaviors of the robot are detected by evaluating the actions predicted by the model with respect to corrections forced by the human teacher. These situations can be learned as multimodal contexts modulating the action selection process in order to adapt the behavior so the robot reproduces the desired task.Finally, we will present the perspectives of this work in terms of sensorimotor control, for both navigation and robotic arm control, and its link to human robot interface issues. We will also insist on the fact that different kinds of imitation behavior can result from the emergent properties of a sensorimotor control architecture
Peynot, Thierry. "Sélection et contrôle de modes de déplacement pour un robot mobile autonome en environnements naturels." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119208.
Повний текст джерелаPichon, Aurélien. "Evolution du calibre des voies aériennes et contrôle autonome à l'exercice chez le sujet sain." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2313.
Повний текст джерелаTo gain insight into the changes in bronchomotor tone induced by exercise, we studied respiratory resistance (Rrs) in non-asthmatic healthy subjects. We observed an exercise-induced bronchodilation disappearing promptly upon exercise cessation, which is consistent with inhibition of a parasympathetic influence by exercise. However, spectral analysis of HR variability did not allowed to assess parasympathetic influences during exercise. Therefore, we studied airway calibre in non-asthmatic healthy subjects after inhalation of parasympatholytic and b2-mimetic drugs. We have shown a withdrawal of parasympathetic control of airways during exercise and confirmed that the bronchodilation observed during exercise is not maximal. Finally, we observed a strong relationship between parasympathetic reactivity assessed by heart rate variability spectral analysis and bronchial hyperreactivity. Moreover, parasympathetic modulation of HR is significantly correlated with the amount of training
Thorel, Sylvain. "Conception et réalisation d'un drone hybride sol/air autonome." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0054/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the non-linear control of a special hybrid quadrotor which is able to fly, and slide on the ground like an hovercraft. In the context of an autonomous indoor exploration this hybrid concept allows saving energy when flying is not necessary, since the drone can then slide on the ground without having to compensate for the gravity; autonomy can last beyond the 20 minutes typical of a standard quadrotor. Contrarily to wheeled mobile robots, the hybrid drone ability to move across space is strongly increased since it can fly to avoid obstacles, to move between two levels, to get in through a window. The study under consideration is essentially focused on the displacement of the drone on the ground and aims at designing and implementing a control law so that our system is able to track a 2D xy plane trajectory. This terrestrial quadrotor is similar to a slider underactuated vehicle. The point stabilisation is then separately studied from the trajectory tracking issue because of the Brockett condition, which is not satisfied in that case; our platform cannot be stabilized by means of continuous state feedbacks. This thesis proposes different theoretical developments based on the literature and deriving from time varying control laws, transverse functions, flatness or backstepping techniques to solve both point stabilisation and trajectory tracking. The experimental part of the thesis is based on the recovering of the drone position in real time and orientation via a Motion Capture system for feedback loop in the control law; the proposed dynamical model was validated as well as the control and command laws for the tracking of a circular trajectory
Gueye, Soguy Mak-Karé. "Coordination modulaire de gestionnaires autonomes par contrôle discret." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM097/document.
Повний текст джерелаComputing systems have become more and more distributed and heterogeneous, making their manual administration difficult and error-prone. The Autonomic Computing approach has been proposed to overcome this issue, by automating the administration of computing systems with the help of control loops called autonomic managers. Many research works have investigated the automation of the administration functions of computing systems and today many autonomic managers are available. However the existing autonomic managers are mostly specialized in the management of few administration concerns. This makes necessary the coexistence of multiple autonomic managers for achieving a global system management. The coexistence of several managers make possible to address multiple concerns, yet requires coordination mechanisms to avoid incoherent management decisions. We investigate the use of control techniques for the design of coordination controllers, for which we exercise synchronous programming that provide formal semantics, and discrete controller synthesis to automate the construction of the controller. We follow a component-based approach, and explore modular discrete control allowing to break down the combinatorial complexity inherent to the state-space exploration technique. This improves scalability of the approach and allows constructing a hierarchical control. It also allows re-using complex managers in different contexts without modifying their control specifications. We build a component-based coordination of managers, with introspection, adaptivity and reconfiguration. This thesis details our methodology and presents case-studies. We evaluate and demonstrate the benefits of our approach by coordinating autonomic managers which addresse the management of availability, and the management of performance and resources optimization
Roubieu, Frederic. "Réalisation d'un micro-robot autonome, inspiré du contrôle de vistesse et d'évitement d'obstacles observés chez l'abeille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4114/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we present for the first time a bio-inspired motion vision-based navigation strategy embedded on a miniature fully-actuated hovercraft allowing it to navigate safely on the horizontal plane of an unknown corridor. The design of this autopilot, called LORA, follows the ethological findings made on honeybees these last decades, which led us to elaborate the principle of the optic flow regulation which might be used by insects to control their flight. The bee-inspired LORA autopilot is a dual optic flow regulator which consists in two intertwined visuomotor feedback loops which control jointly the forward speed of the robot and its clearance to the obstacles. The keystone of this bio-inspired guidance system is a heading-lock system enabling the robot to move in translations and therefore experience a purely translational optic flow which depends only on the ratio speed/clearance to obstacles thanks to a micro-gyrometer and a micro-magnetic compass. The estimation of optic flow is made by a minimalist compound eye, made of two or four Elementary Motion Detectors (only 4 or 8 pixels). The hovercraft is therefore able to cross without crashing a straight or a tapered corridor, presenting a frontal sloping terrain, a bend, a textureless wall, or even a non-stationary section by automatically adapting both its forward speed and its clearance to the walls imitating the honeybee. This bio-inspired visual strategy not only provides an elegant navigation solution in an unknown environment aimed to equip fully-actuated miniature vehicles but also to explain how a 100mg honeybee can navigate with few computational ressources, i.e., without any SONAR, RADAR, LIDAR or GPS
Van, Der Burg Jan. "Contrôle de la dynamique longitudinale d'un véhicule autonome et articulé sur terrain 3D de surface variable." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066243.
Повний текст джерелаRivière, Valentin. "Vers un robot aérien autonome bio-inspiré à morphologie variable." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper describes a bio-inspired quadrotor design. This robot, called QuadMorphing, is inspired by birds and has the ability to fold its mechanical structure to reduce its wingspan during the flight. This feature could be useful for obstacle avoidance task in cluttered environments.The work presented here contains a full description of the mechatronic structure. Then, experimental results are presented and discussed in order to quantify the QuadMorphing performances during obstacle avoidance scenarios.The second part of this thesis deals with estimating obstacle size during flight using monocular visual perception. Two estimation algorithms were simulated in order to be validated and then implemented for experimental testing on a new version of the robot. In order to make the robot autonomous, the estimation of the size of the obstacle allows the robot to avoid collisions with its environment and to perform its morphological reduction if necessary
Rolland, de Rengervé Antoine. "Apprentissage Interactif en Robotique Autonome : vers de nouveaux types d'IHM." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969519.
Повний текст джерелаChirca, Mihai. "Perception pour la navigation et le contrôle des robots mobiles. Application à un système de voiturier autonome." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22763/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work covers the conception of a system capable to do automatic parking maneuvers more versatile than those already commercialized, respecting the technical definition of exteroceptive sensors limited by costs and weight. A typical use case is to set a vehicle to park autonomously in the parking lot of a home, function generally called autonomous home valet parking. Taking from the existing and knowing the expected performances, a system architecture and a functional architecture were drawn. This allowed to compose an assembly of interconnected functions that participated in the creation of modular software architecture, as well as in the creation of connection interfaces with the prototype vehicle. First, we explored the obstacle detection problem. Having a closed property system with ultrasonic sensors, we managed to build an obstacle map with a higher precision level than the build-in product. An increasing limit detection of the ultrasonic sensors was developed using the Structure from Motion technique. This obstacle occupancy information was exploited afterwards in order to solve the detection problem of the navigation corridors. Second, the vehicle localization is addressed. Three localization techniques work for a continuous functioning robustness: the localization by odometry, the localization by occupancy grid map matching and the localization by comparing the current image with the images stored in a database adapted to our needs and improved by computing means. Last, we interested in the vehicle navigation problem. We considered solved the actuator control problem for the tracking of a given trajectory and we concentrated on an admissible trajectory planning. We developed a local path planning technique for avoiding the unmapped obstacles. In order to build the trajectory we used curves of known geometry and we proved that by using clothoides and eventually two circle arches (if maximum steering angle achieved) it is therefore be possible to create trajectories with continuous curves adapted to our situation. We confirmed that using an obstacle map will allow us to predict forehead the possibility to take a specific navigation corridor. Each part of this work was validated in simulation as well as on real data, proving the pertinence of the proposed approaches for the intended application
Velez-Roa, Sonia. "Importance du chemoréflexe et du baroréflexe dans le contrôle du système nerveux autonome: aspects physiologiques et physiopathologiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211080.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Thanh Thanh Tung. "Interface de contrôle automatisé d’un système de caméras robotisées pour la télétraumatologie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6079.
Повний текст джерелаLaflaquière, Alban. "Approche sensorimotrice de la perception de l'espace pour la robotique autonome." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865091.
Повний текст джерелаSegura, Stéphanie. "Contrôle des cellules-souches neurales de Rat adulte par la leptine ; application chez le Porc adulte." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30026.
Повний текст джерелаThe dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is a cerebral integrative center for autonomic functions, including the satiety reflex. The DVC of adult rat has been established by my host laboratory as a novel site of adult neurogenesis endowed with neural stem cells. I characterized in vitro a novel action of the anorexigenic hormone leptin on neural stem cells of adult rat DVC and subventricular zone (SVZ). Leptin inhibits the growth of neurospheres from DVC and SVZ, wherein I have shown ObR receptor expression by RT-PCR. This antiproliferative leptin action, as analyzed in SVZ neurospheres, involves apoptosis triggering via ERK1/2 pathway activation and cyclin D1 induction, the causal role of which I have shown using a RNAi approach. In the context of a preclinical research application aiming at improving post-injury repair of peripheral nerve, I realised the first characterization of neural stem cells from adult Pig SVZ by neurosphere culture and RT-PCR of phenotype markers. This study opens new cues for Autonomic physiology and neural stem cell biology
Renaudo, Erwan. "Des comportements flexibles aux comportements habituels : meta-apprentissage neuro-inspiré pour la robotique autonome." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066508/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we study how the notion of behavioral habit, inspired from the study of biology, can benefit to robots. Robot control architectures allow the robot to be able to plan to reach long term goals while staying reactive to events happening in the environment (Kortenkamp et Simmons, 2008). However, these architectures are rarely provided with learning capabilities that would allow them to acquire knowledge from experience. On the other hand, learning has been shown as an essential abiilty for behavioral adaptation in mammals. It permits flexible adaptation to new contexts but also efficient behavior in known contexts (Dickinson, 1985). The learning mechanisms are modeled as model-based (planning) and model-free (habitual) reinforcement learning algorithms (Sutton et Barto, 1998) which are combined into a global model of behavior (Daw et al., 2005). We proposed a robotic control architecture that take inspiration from this model of behavior and embed the two kinds of algorithms, and studied its performance in a robotic simulated task. None of the several methods for combining the algorithm we studied gave satisfying results, however, it allowed to identify some properties required for the planning process in a robotic task. We extended our study to two other tasks (one being on a real robot) and confirmed that combining the algorithms improves learning of the robot's behavior
Allouche, Jean-Marc. "Etude de la problématique, méthologies et concepts d'un système de navigation autonome d'un véhicule : application au contrôle continu de route." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30064.
Повний текст джерелаDegroote, Arnaud. "Une architecture de contrôle distribuée pour l'autonomie des robots." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766861.
Повний текст джерелаCornolo, Jérémy. "Effets de l'entraînement et de l'hypoxie sur le contrôle neurovégétatif de la fonction cardiovasculaire évalué par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132042.
Повний текст джерелаPlanques, Anabelle. "Expression et sécrétion d'Otx2 par les plexus choroïdes, nouvelle évidence d'un contrôle non-cellulaire- autonome de la neurogenèse adulte. Rôles physiologiques d’Otx2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066501/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdult neurogenesis in mice involves neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) whose progenitors integrate into the olfactory bulbs. The neurogenic niche, which contains supporting cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), regulates the properties (proliferation, migration and differentiation) of progenitor cells. This niche is influenced by factors from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is produced by the choroid plexus (CP) in the brain ventricles. The Otx2 homeoprotein transcription factor is secreted into CSF by CP, and taken up by a specific subset of cells within the brain parenchyma. Otx2 is involved in various stages of brain development, including CP development, and has non-cell autonomous functions. The aim of my thesis is to understand how Otx2 regulates adult CP function and participates in adult SVZ neurogenesis. Through genomic studies, we investigated the consequence of Otx2 knockdown (KD) in adult CP and found: (i) adult CP from different ventricles exhibit different expression profiles; (ii) Otx2 KD alters the expression of genes with important CP functions; and (iii) deregulation of certain genes after Otx2 KD can be CP specific. Through proteomics studies, we found that (iv) adult Otx2 could be involved in functions beyond transcriptional regulation, such as RNA processing.To evaluate the role of Otx2 in SVZ neurogenesis, we also used Otx2 KD mouse models. We found that: (i) the expression of Otx2 in CP regulates adult neurogenesis; (ii) Otx2 transfers to astrocytes of the SVZ; (iii) Otx2 transfer is sufficient to regulate adult neurogenesis; and (iv) Otx2 KD in CP alters the expression of ECM proteins secreted by astrocytes in the neurogenic niche
Chaabane, Chiraz. "Système embarqué autonome en énergie pour objets mobiles communicants." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071056.
Повний текст джерелаMustaki, Simon Éliakim. "Outils de pré-calibration numérique des lois de commande de systèmes de systèmes : application aux aides à la conduite et au véhicule autonome." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0142/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the tuning of the new Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). The development of these systems has become nowadays a strategic line of research for the automotive industry towards the conception of safer and fuel-efficient vehicles.This thesis contributes to a multi-criterion, multi-modeland multi-scenario methodological vision of the tuning process. It is presented through a specific application of the tuning of the Lane Centering Assistance (LCA). It relies on vehicle and environment’s dynamical models of adequate complexity in the aim of formalizing and managing, in a H2/H∞ framework, the trade-off between performance, comfort and robustness. The formulated criteria are easy to compute and defined in a way to be understandable, closely linked to practical specifications. The whole methodology is driven by the research of a pertinent trade-off between realism (being as closest as possible to reality) and complexity (quick evaluation of the criterion). The efficiency and the robustness of the approach is demonstrated through high-fidelity simulations and numerous tests on real vehicles
Daass, Bilal. "Approches informationnelles pour une navigation autonome collaborative de robots d'exploration de zones à risques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I054.
Повний текст джерелаIn the recent years, there was a growing interest to provide an accurate estimate of the state of a dynamic system for a wide range of applications. In this work, we target systems built up with several collaborative subsystems integrating various heterogeneous sensors. We introduce a filter concept that combines the advantages of both Kalman and informational filters to achieve low computational load. To consider any system whose measurement covariances are incomplete or unknown, a multi-sensor fusion based on the covariance intersection is analyzed in terms of calculation burden. Three multi-sensor fusion architectures are then considered. A fine analysis of the calculation load distribution of the filter and the covariance intersection algorithm is performed on the different components of these architectures. To make the system fault tolerant, informational statistical methods are developed. They are applicable to any method based on the generalized likelihood ratio. They lead to an adaptive threshold of this ratio. The technique has been implemented considering two types of control charts for the fast detection of sensor failures. Our theoretical approaches are validated through a system of collaborative mobile robots. We integrate a diagnosis and fault detection phase, which is based on the integration of these informational statistical methods into the fusion and estimation process, the latter being composed of a Bayesian filter and the covariance intersection. The main objective is to ensure that this system provides safe, accurate and fault-tolerant autonomous navigation. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept method for nondestructive and evaluation of materials in close proximity of the robot environment. In particular, we introduce a microwave sensor to characterize the electromagnetic wave to material under test interaction. This technique, known under the name radar, had a growing interest in academic laboratories and for usual applications related to speed measurements. Nevertheless, its adaptation to collaborative mobile robots remains a challenging task to address contactless characterization of materials, especially in harsh environments. This latter consists to determine the material characteristics from embedded microwave sensors
Létienne, Robert. "Variabilité à court terme de la pression artérielle chez le rat : bases hémodynamiques et contrôle neuro-humoral." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T116.
Повний текст джерелаFenouille, Nina. "Étude de la protéine micro-environnementale SPARC : un facteur autonome de reprogrammation tumorale qui contrôle la croissance et le comportement invasif des mélanomes." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4008.
Повний текст джерелаMetastatic melanoma presents one of the most difficult diseases to treat in medical oncology. Despite intensive research, there has not been a major breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma over last decades, and the average survival of patients is less than 10 months. However, many studies have been conducted without considering melanomas as a homeostatic disease of the skin that is not limited to the melanocytic population, but extends to their surrounding stromal cells. Melanomas arise from melanocytes through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in growth and survival pathways, as well as alterations in cell-cell communication and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that create a permissive and supporting microenvironment for malignancy and dissemination. In this context, our work has concentrated particularly on the role of SPARC (osteonectin / BM-40), a matricellular protein secreted in the extra- and pericellular matrix that regulates cellular functions and tumor-stroma interactions. In patients with melanoma, aberrant expression of SPARC has been associated with an aggressive tumor cell phenotype and poor clinical outcome. We have showed that tumor-derived SPARC controls key downstream programs in melanoma cells, through Akt signaling pathway. First, SPARC inhibits the p53 tumor suppressor system to overcome failsafe programs and promote melanoma survival. SPARC may also activate Slug and Snail-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs to trigger invasive behavior in melanoma cells. To validate these findings in vivo, we have generated a transgenic Tyr::SPARC mice in which SPARC is expressed in melanocytes under the control of the tyrosinase promoter. This novel genetic model will allow us to understand why melanoma cells have evolved to produce an increased level of SPARC and underscore the therapeutic potential of SPARC to impede progression of this devastating cancer
Giovannangeli, Christophe. "Navigation bio-mimétique autonome en environnements intérieurs et extérieurs : apprentissage sensori-moteur et planification dans un cadre interactif." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0346.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at highlighting how the interplay between robotics and the sciences of the living can promote both the understanding the cerebral circuitry and the achievment of very robust algorithms for robotics. The problem of the development of a neural achitecture, inspired by neurobiological models of the cerebral circuitry, for autonomous navigation of mobile robots in unknown indoor and outdoor environments, is adressed. A localization system based on a model of purely visual place-cells is presented. The place-cells enable to learn reactive sensory-motor behavior and planning behavior. The system is able to learn behavioral tasks autonomously or by interacting with a human teacher. An orientation system, merging a visual compass and path integration information, will also be proposed. The possible interactions between sensory-motor and planning strategies will be debated. Finally, issues on the autonomy of the learning in robot will be adressed: A metacontrol architecture which gives self-evaluation capabilities by analyzing the learning progress will be presented
Solaque, Guzman Leonardo Enrique. "Modelado, control y navegacion para el vuelo autonomo de dirigibles." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136325.
Повний текст джерелаCharrier, Céline. "Mise en évidence de cellules-souches neurales dans le complexe vagal dorsal de rongeur adulte et recherche de leurs facteurs de contrôle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30063.
Повний текст джерелаThe dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is a neurovegetative cerebral center displaying plasticity and neurogenesis in adult rat. In vivo, I have demonstrated occurrence of proliferative cells within DVC by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and by D-cyclin western-blot. In vitro, in primary cultures from microdissected DVC, I have generated neurospheres showing self-renewal and containing neuronal and glial cells. Therefore adult rat DVC does contain neural stem cells. I have looked for extracellular regulators of DVC stem cells through two approaches. In vivo, lesion-induced proliferative stimulation in DVC was correlated, by RT-PCR and by DNA microarray, with transcriptional induction of two mitogens: the growth factors EGF and BDNF. In vitro, neural stem cell proliferation was inhibited by the anorexigenic hormone leptin. These cellular neurobiology data bring about novel vistas about integrative processes in autonomic neurosciences
Janssen, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle chémoréflexe des variables ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires chez le sujet sain et pathologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314830.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished