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1
Muir, Lorna. "‘Control Space?: Cinematic Representations of Surveillance Space between Discipline and Control’." Surveillance & Society 9, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v9i3.4273.
Анотація:
Recent developments in surveillance practices and their related technologies suggest that the heretofore dominant Foucauldian paradigm of discipline, with its sites of confinement in which space is “segmented, immobile [and] frozen”, may no longer be an adequate theoretical framework in which to discuss space within surveillance studies (Foucault, 1995: 195). In his essay Postscript on Control Societies, Gilles Deleuze claims that these sites are in the midst of widespread breakdown, leading to a fundamental shift in the notion of space, characterised by the term ‘modulation’ (Deleuze, 1990: 178-179). In the control model, urban surveillance can be said to be characterised by an emphasis on the use of digital surveillance practices, leading to a view of urban space and the city, as well as its inhabitants, which largely resides within a computer mainframe. This raises the question: if the surveillance carried out within this conception of urban space can be described as concentrated, hidden, passive, functional, mobile, and varied, how can these changes be communicated cinematically since there is an obvious problem of representation; when much of the surveillance technology is computer and digital in form, how does cinema make visible the potentially invisible? In considering the question of how film engages with urban space between the paradigms of discipline and control, two cinematic views of the (informational) city will be discussed by considering three scenes from Erasing David (2009) and Minority Report (2002) in order to identify some of the cinematic strategies used in communicating contemporary surveillance practices increasingly characterised as invisible and immaterial.
2
Martin, Christopher. "Crime and Control in Australian Urban Space." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 12, no. 1 (July 2000): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2000.12036178.
3
Menichelli, Francesca. "Rearranging Urban Space." International Journal of E-Planning Research 2, no. 4 (October 2013): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2013100102.
Анотація:
This article investigates what happens to urban space once an open-street CCTV system is implemented, framing the analysis in terms of the wider struggle that unfolds between different urban stakeholders for the definition of acceptability in public space. It is argued that, while the use of surveillance cameras was initially seen as functional to the enforcement of tighter control and to the de-complexification of urban space so as to make policing easier, a shift has now taken place in the articulation of this goal. As a result, it has slowly progressed to affect the wider field of sociability, with troubling consequences for the public character of public space. In light of this development, the article concludes by making the case for a normative stance to be taken in order to increase fairness and diversity in the city.
4
Zhao, Tianjiao, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space." Facilities 32, no. 11/12 (August 4, 2014): 606–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2012-0064.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations. Findings – Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space. Research limitations/implications – Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location. Practical implications – The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces. Social implications – Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.
5
Chen, Dashan, Liguo Xia, Dayuan Guo, and Xu Bao. "Space Optimization of Speed Guidance Control on Urban Expressway." International Journal of Control and Automation 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2014.7.9.18.
6
Zhou, Haizhu, Qingqin Wang, Neng Zhu, Yitong Li, Jiayu Li, Lining Zhou, Yu Pei, and Shuai Zhang. "Optimization Methods of Urban Green Space Layout on Tropical Islands to Control Heat Island Effects." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010368.
Анотація:
With the rapid increase in demand for the construction and development of island cities in the South China Sea, the urban heat island phenomenon in such cities should become a key factor to be considered in future urban planning. This paper took Sanya, China as a typical case, and long-term field experiments were conducted in the Mangrove Bay Area in summer and winter. An innovative urban green space cooling model was proposed, using the “green space cooling index” to quantitatively characterize the green space cooling effect, and aiming to minimize the intensity of urban heat islands. This paper studied the optimization method of green space planning and layout under the constraint of a centralized green space total area. Moreover, a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the calculation and the layout of the urban green space. The experimental results showed that the urban heat island intensity was more significant at night and was less effective in the daytime during summer. In winter, the urban heat island intensity had a greater effect in the daytime and was less influential at night. Finally, optimization results indicated that the average urban heat island intensity in summer was reduced by 8.8% under the optimal layout urban green space of 0.025 km2. The maximum reduction in heat island intensity occurred at 7:00 am (0.48 °C). When 0.0625 km2 urban green space was planned, the average urban heat island intensity index in summer was reduced to 0.27 °C, with a decrease of 20.5%.
7
Zheng, Zi'ang. "Enhancing Urban Development Control Through the Warsaw Natural System: A Case Study in Warsaw, Poland." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 72, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/72/20240670.
Анотація:
This study delves into the Warsaw Natural System (WNS) in Warsaw, Poland, and its efficacy in regulating urban development within the city. The paper is divided into three main sections, each addressing a distinct aspect of urban development control. Firstly, the paper examines how WNS effectively manages outward urban expansion through the strategic use of wedge-shaped green spaces. Empirical evidence demonstrates the WNS's success in curbing urban sprawl and maintaining a balanced spatial layout. Secondly, the study investigates how the WNS controls inward urban over-development by employing small urban green spaces interconnected throughout the city. The analysis highlights the effectiveness of this approach in creating fragmented urban development, and preventing excessive density. Thirdly, the paper explores how the WNS contributes to the resilience of urban development by enhancing functional diversity within urban green spaces, and how this diversity enriches the lives of urban residents and sustains the WNS's spatial pattern, offering long-term control over urban space development. In addition to its strengths, the study also identifies existing shortcomings within the WNS and proposes recommendations for future improvement, aiming to enhance its effectiveness in controlling urban development. This research provides valuable insights into sustainable urban planning practices and underscores the importance of adaptable green infrastructure in shaping cities for the future.
8
Vurucular Kesimci, Elif, and Ayşen Ciravoğlu. "An inquiry on rebel cities: How spatial morphology sets the stage for urban movements." Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47818/drarch.2023.v4i1083.
Анотація:
The common thread to urban movements happening worldwide in recent years is the fact that urban public space is used as a significant setting by city dwellers for expressing their “objections”. What has been experienced throughout urban movements when public spaces have been occupied enables us to grasp the meaning of occupied spaces in the city thus allowing us to get to know societies and cities. Therefore, this research has investigated the impact of urban public space on the consciousness, interaction and gathering of city dwellers as well as urban movements. Within the scope of the research, eight “rebel cities” have been analyzed, and have interviews with participants of urban movements from these cities. These are Tunis, Cairo, Barcelona, London, New York, Dublin, Paris, and Hamburg, respectively. The places where urban movements were visible in urban space and their surroundings have been analyzed using the Space Syntax method, and the gathering/unification/integration potential of public space has been spatially investigated by determining the characteristics of urban patterns. Accordingly, the city affects the formation of urban movements with its spatial pattern. In the case of Merida city, which constitutes the control sample and which was not affected by the urban movements that spread to the whole world, this finding is also supported. With the results obtained in the research, the significance of public space, as an essential element contributing to the formation of urban movements, has been proven. This study further reveals the possibility of urban spaces allowing social encounters and its importance in terms of democracy.
9
Peiris, Mutu Tantrige Osada Vishvajith, and Mohamed Fayas. "Assessment of User Perception on Public and Private Spaces within Urban Context." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2.938.
Анотація:
Public spaces are vital features in the urban context which offers inclusive environment for everyone in the society. Traditionally, urban public spaces (UPS) were developed by the government intended for places of interaction with the aims of social welfare and public health. In the recent past, private sector involvement in the public space provision was visible with significant changes in the form and functions influenced by market-based motives. Although commercialization or privatization aspects of public space was often debated, the user perception of the use of public spaces from ownership and access control aspects were less studied in the context of developing countries. This study aimed at identifying the attributes for which people differentiate and experience in four public spaces owned and operated by the government and private sector in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The study used 35 semi-structured interviews and 119 online questionnaire surveys to identify the user defined features of ownership and access control for public space use. The results revealed that government owned and operated spaces were preferred by the users due to easy access and freedom for activities while privately owned spaces were preferred due to better infrastructure, safety, and security within. Also, each public space offered benefits to specific user profile regardless its ownership or access controls. However, the freedom and openness provided by government owned spaces were identified as important in comparison with the restrictions imposed by private sector operated public spaces. This study provides key insights for urban planners and policy makers to identify the role of private sector in the provision of effective urban spaces in the fast-growing cities as well as possible pitfalls and negative externalities created by unregulated spaces
10
Hodson, Mike, and Andrew McMeekin. "Global technology companies and the politics of urban socio-technical imaginaries in the digital age: Processual proxies, Trojan horses and global beachheads." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 53, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x211002194.
Анотація:
In this paper, we take the concept of ‘new urban spaces’ as our jumping off point to engage with the efforts of Alphabet/Google affiliate Sidewalk Labs to cultivate a new integrated digital and infrastructural urban space on the Toronto waterfront. We interrogate the process and politics of imagining this new, digital urban space as an urban socio-technical imaginary. The paper critically examines the central role of ‘big tech’ in producing the urban socio-technical imaginary not as a snapshot but, rather, as a ‘process of becoming’. This processual focus on the role of big tech allows us to develop three interrelated analytical contributions. First, we generate in-depth understanding of the proxy politics of urban socio-technical imaginaries in constituting new digital urban spaces. Second, we argue that an urban socio-technical imaginary was used as a Trojan horse to promote private experimentation with urban governance. Third, we demonstrate attempts to imagine a global beachhead via ‘the global model’ of a new digital urban space predicated on the digital control of integrated urban infrastructure systems.
11
Beddiaf, Walid, and Belkacem Dib. "Informal urban development in urban cities. Spatial assessment in the city of Batna, Algeria." Technium Social Sciences Journal 37 (November 9, 2022): 658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7708.
Анотація:
The development of the urban space of Algerian cities over the last thirty years has been characterized by an urban evolution that has been at odds with the various regulatory instruments of the state for shaping the urban space of cities, in particular, the land use plan (LUP), whose main objective was to guide, plan and control the urban development of urban space. However, the result today is the emergence of new fragmentary spaces that have informal forms and structures that break with the existing space. This type of informal trend is well-illustrated in the city of Batna and the region covered by land use plan No. 6. Therefore, the objective of this study is the evaluation of the urban development process of the area covered by the land use plan No. 06 by measuring the level of formality of that process from 2001 to 2018. The obtained results demonstrate that following the indicators selected, urban informality in the research region develops through time and space in a gradual and evolutionary form. The results obtained can be used as support for the development of a land use plan, if needed, but also for the implementation of a strategy to monitor the urban development of the city
12
Sulistyaningsih, Tri, Sunarto, and Umi Kulsum. "New Urban Governance in Controlling Public Green Open Spaces in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 500 (2024): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450005007.
Анотація:
This study aims to describe how new urban governance controls public green open spaces in Indonesia. Cities in Indonesia experience an imbalance of public green open space that must be provided. There should be around 20% of the total land area for public green open space. The city of Jakarta still has around 0.07% of available public green open space. While the city of Surabaya is also still available around 16.31%. So that management is needed that must be immediately carried out by various parties including the government, stakeholders, and the community to jointly control public green open spaces provided in urban areas according to predetermined minimum requirements. This study uses a type of qualitative research with the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software to analyze data obtained from secondary data sources. The results of this study indicate that controlling public green open spaces in Indonesia still does not have strong coordination between actors. Multi-level government still often experiences overlapping authorities, unification of goals between stakeholders, the government, and the public who still have different interests.
13
Zhang, Lili, Qi Zhao, Li Wang, and Lingyu Zhang. "Urban Intersection Signal Control Based on Time-Space Resource Scheduling." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 49281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059496.
14
DEE, Mike. "Young People and Urban Public Space in Australia-Creating Pathways to Community, Belonging and Inclusion." International Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v3i2.7403.
Анотація:
Cities and urban spaces around the world are changing rapidly from their origins in the industrialising world to a post-industrial, hard wired surveillance landscape. This kind of monitoring and surveillance connects with attempts by civic authorities to rebrand urban public spaces into governable and predictable arenas of consumption. In this context of control, a number of groups are excluded from public space, such as some children and young people. This article discusses the surveillance, governance and control of public space environments used by children and young people in particular, and the capacity for their ongoing displacement and marginality, as well as possible greater inclusion.
15
Chérrez-Rodas, Karina. "RELECTURA DE DOS CIUDADES DESDE LOS CONCEPTOS DE LEFEBVRE." DISEÑO ARTE Y ARQUITECTURA, no. 9 (December 21, 2020): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/daya.v1i9.343.
Анотація:
El siguiente escrito es una revisión bibliográfica que se desarrolla en función de tres conceptos claves de Lefebvre: El Derecho a la Ciudad, El Control Social y el Espacio Urbano; concebidos en el marco de sus líneas de investigación y orientación marxista. La investigación pretende emplear apreciaciones del autor en mención, enmarcadas en el acontecer de la ciudad en la actualidad, y trasladar a la relectura de problemáticas puntuales en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Cuenca-Ecuador y Córdoba-Argentina. A partir del Derecho a la Ciudad definido por Lefebvre; se realiza una crítica, al trazado de la nueva área de planificación urbanística en Cuenca, basado en principios funcionalistas, que ha jerarquizado la circulación vehicular, en detrimento del uso peatonal del espacio público. En la misma línea de la crítica de la modernidad, el control social se manifiesta en un sector de la ciudad de Córdoba, el predio de la Casa de Gobierno. Analizar problemáticas en contextos similares, pero a la vez con diferentes escalas de ciudad, permiten validar las tesis y reflexiones de Lefebvre en su época para la planificación de ciudades contemporáneas, cuyos modelos de desarrollo han tenido como consecuencia deficiencias en la vida urbana.
Palabras clave: Ciudades, control social, Derecho a la ciudad, espacio urbano, vida urbana.
AbstractThe following piece of writing is a bibliographic review that was developed from three key concepts of Lefebvre: Right to the City, Social Control and Urban Space. It was conceived within the framework of his lines of research and Marxist orientation. The research intends to use the author's appreciations in mention, framed in the events of the city at present, and to transfer to the re-reading of specific problems in two Latin American cities: Cuenca-Ecuador and Córdoba-Argentina. Based on the right to the city defined by Lefebvre, a critique was made of the new urban planning area in Cuenca, based on functionalist principles, which has hierarchized vehicle circulation to the detriment of the pedestrian use of public space. Under the same line of the criticism of modernity, social control was manifested in a sector of the city of Córdoba, the Government House site. Problems in similar contexts were analyzed, but at the same time with different city scales. It allowed us to validate Lefebvre's thesis and reflections in his time for the planning of contemporary cities, whose development models have resulted in deficiencies in urban life.
Keywords: Cities, social control, Right to the city, urban space, urban life.
16
Koskela, Hille. "‘Cam Era’ — the contemporary urban Panopticon." Surveillance & Society 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v1i3.3342.
Анотація:
Deriving from Foucault’s work, space is understood to be crucial in explaining social power relations. However, not only is space crucial to the exercise of power but power also creates a particular kind of space. Through surveillance cameras the panoptic technology of power is electronically extended. The article examines parallelisms and differences with the Panopticon and contemporary cities: visibility, unverifiability, contextual control, absence of force and internalisation of control. Surveillance is examined as an emotional event, which is often ambivalent or mutable, without sound dynamic of security and insecurity nor power and resistance. Control seems to become dispersed and the ethos of mechanistic discipline replaced by flexible power structures. Surveillance becomes more subtle and intense, fusing material urban space and cyberspace. This makes it impossible to understand the present forms of control via analysing physical space. Rather, space is to be understood as fundamentally social, mutable, fluid and unmappable – ‘like a sparkling water’. The meaning of documentary accumulation changes with the ‘digital turn’ which enables social sorting. The popularity of ‘webcams’ demonstrate that there is also fascination in being seen. The amount of the visual representations expands as they are been circulated globally. Simultaneously the individuals increasingly ‘disappear’ in the ‘televisualisation’ of their lives. The individual urban experience melts to the collective imagination of the urban. It is argued that CCTV is a bias: surveillance systems are presented as ‘closed’ but, eventually, are quite the opposite. We are facing ‘the cam era’ – an era of endless representations.
17
Topcu, Umran. "Reflections of gender on the urban green space." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0071.
Анотація:
Purpose Urban green spaces including parks and gardens are an essential part of a network of physical and social well-being. They provide spaces to socialize and opportunities to connect with nature. They are restorative enclaves. When it comes to scaling down spaces in general, they form important constituent parts of what we call the setting in which we behave. Barker elaborated the notion of behavior setting by describing how our behavior is influenced and constrained by settings. A setting consists of the space, its contents, its surroundings, the people and their activities. As Norberg-Schulz puts it, this is a microcosmos that wraps people and the space. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this study a behavior setting with different spatial attributes in an urban green space, namely, Kriton Curi Park on the Asian side of Istanbul is observed. Landscapes used by both men and women may be gendered even if men and women use them at the same time. Women’s and men’s experiences of the same setting can be different. The difference is likely to be the outcome of both the physical attributes of the setting and/or the social construction of the society. However, a general attribute of genders’ experience of space is that women are more sensitive to spatial contents and more selective about the use of space. According to previous research, men and women do not have equal control over behavior settings in urban green spaces, in Turkey. Findings The findings of this study address a social fact that appropriate physical features of urban green spaces like Criton Curi Park and its immediate environment reveal a higher degree of equality in gender roles. Originality/value As the literature indicates parks being among urban green spaces are not yet studied enough in the Turkish context. This study is an attempt to study the status of women in open public space. For the sustainability of social relations parks become even more important.
18
Mohammed Abdul-kadhim, Maryam, and Arkan Al-Nasrawy. "The Role Of Urban Space Spatial Hubs As A Positive Product Of Community Behavior." Akkad Journal Of Contemporary Economic Studies 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajces.v2i1.213.
Анотація:
There has been an increasing interest in knowing the effects of urban space on the behavior of society and how it can be used proactively to influence specific behaviors. The field of research is relevant to various fields, including design, geography, urban planning, and human sciences. The result is an arrangement of various ideas, hypotheses, and techniques to see how urban space can improve societal behavior. Studies of urban spaces have become more accurate after the advent of the Syntax Space theory and its various applications, which provided accurate mathematical numerical measurements of urban spaces' general characteristics. In this paper, the axes analysis relied upon using the Depth Maps program and the different measurements it produces to examine the properties of space to indicate positive behavior. The research problem crystallizes: Is there a possibility of measuring the structural properties of space? For the urban space of the proposed base plan for the city of Basra and to achieve the goal represented by the possibility of reaching a method for measuring the space characteristics of the study area (Basra city). Some characteristics (total integration, local interdependence, local control, and density) were highlighted, and the spatial (descriptive) data was interpreted using the Depth Maps program designed by Toner to analyze the spatial structure of the city and to know the validity of the space characteristics and their positive or negative impact on community behavior.
19
Alkhafagee, Karrar Hamza, and Dheah Hameed Basee. "Urban Resilience as a Mitigating Mechanism of Urban Change: Insights from Two Case Studies." International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61275/isvsej-2023-10-08-12.
Анотація:
Urban change is inevitable and happens in cities and urban centers. Their land use is continuously modernized because of economic, social, political and demographic factors. However, urban resilience can provide opportunities for social interactions and plays a key role in the development of urban spaces and access to high-quality urban spaces. The link between the urban and regional aspects and social, economic, cultural, and political systems is that their characteristics are interconnected with those of urban resilience, and outer urban space can play a role in resilience through its ability to reconstruct a balanced environmental state after human intervention. Thus, urban resilience is one of the most appropriate ways to control the processes of urban change and absorb its consequences. This research examines urban resilience and its role in urban change. Its aim is to study urban resilience and its positive role in urban change, which affects the organization of a city and the lives of the people. The research is based on the premise that urban resilience has a positive and effective role in achieving a balance between continuity and change in space by dispensing some functions and replacing them with others. It examines how urban resilience can help improve the efficiency of urban space and meet the changing needs and desires of residents without significantly changing the urban fabric. The research also examines the external and internal factors that affect the city and strategies for urban resilience and improving urban space. It employs a descriptive and analytical method to review and discuss urban change and urban resilience and deduce the most important indicators. It then applies these indicators of urban resilience to two case studies: the Tempelhof Airport in Berlin and the Ataturk Airport in Istanbul. The research substantiated the premise that urban resilience has a positive and effective role in balancing continuity and change in space by dispensing one function and replacing it with another.
20
Massey, Joanne. "Gateways for consumption: A rhythmanalysis." Journal of Consumer Culture 19, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540519856403.
Анотація:
This article uses participant observation data to explore teenagers’ presence in two urban public spaces in Manchester, England. The urban spaces under investigation are public, but surrounded by retail outlets and act as gateways for consumption. The aim is to answer the question ‘how do the rhythms of teenage life differ when ordinary and extraordinary activities occur in urban public spaces of consumption?’ Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis is employed to analyse the data and identify instances of eurhythmia (harmonious rhythms), arrhythmia (discordant rhythms) and polyrhythmia (multiple simultaneous rhythms) during periods of typical and extraordinary use. Ordinarily the teenagers used the spaces of consumption to mostly meet and socialise with friends with a small number of them using the space to skateboard. This occurred harmoniously alongside others who pass through these gateways to consumption indicating multiple rhythms. The findings indicate that the teenagers were displaced from urban space during the staging of official events which involved increased control from authorities such as the local council and police. They were replaced by a different crowd of people consisting of mostly families and adults. Paradoxically, the ‘festival’ atmosphere created by extraordinary events in the gateways of consumption resulted more interaction among those present despite increased control from the authorities. Rhythmanalysis proved useful in understanding of spaces when researching spaces of consumption, as it exposes the temporal and fluid nature of urban space. Ultimately, there was no room for the presence of regular users (teenagers) during the staging of extraordinary events indicating a lack of multiple rhythms.
21
Rupprecht, Christoph D. D. "Ready for more-than-human? Measuring urban residents’ willingness to coexist with animals." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 195, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.64182.
Анотація:
In the context of rapid urbanisation, geographers are calling for embracing non-humans as urban co-inhabitants. But if animals and plants are seen as ‘out of place’, sharing urban space can lead to wildlife conflicts. We therefore need to better understand residents’ willingness to coexist if we are to work towards more-than-human cities. This study quantitatively compared residents’ preferences toward sharing their neighbourhood, as well as perceptions of belonging across urban green space in two geographically and culturally distinct cities: Brisbane, Australia, and Sapporo, Japan. Results suggest that geographical and cultural context alongside educational attainment and age influenced respondents’ willingness to coexist, but not sex and income. Mapping respondents’ preferences for animals in their neighbourhood revealed four groups of animals along two axes – global-local and wanted-unwanted. These arose from the way animals contested the human notions of control over urban space. As spaces where animals belong in cities, most respondents chose informal green space (e.g. vacant lots, brownfields) after forests and bushland. Drawing upon recent theoretical and empirical research on liminal urban spaces, I argue that such informal green space can offer ‘provisional arrangements’ which allow for conciliatory engagements with non-humans. I thus propose informal green spaces as territories of encounter – a possible path towards more-than-human cities. Finally, I discuss some implications for planning and management of interspecies interactions.
22
Chitrakar, Rajjan Man, Douglas C. Baker, and Mirko Guaralda. "EMERGING CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC SPACES IN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOODS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i1.1197.
Анотація:
The lack of management has led to the degrading quality of public space in modern cities around the globe. Contemporary public spaces are facing challenges in terms of maintaining them as a “social space” so that they are accessible and functional for the users. Using Kathmandu as a case study, this paper explores the challenges the contemporary public spaces within urban neighbourhoods are facing in their management. The study reveals that the regulation of use is a major concern of public space management in the new neighbourhoods of Kathmandu as evident in the limited accessibility and utility of public space, due to control and commercialisation. The use of public space has also been affected by the lack of regular maintenance. The root cause of these problems lies in weak urban governance at the neighbourhood level, which has led the local community-based organisations to take a role in neighbourhood management. These findings confirm that the management of public space is a critical issue of urban development with commonalities existing across geographical regions that demand adequate consideration from the stakeholders.
23
Habrel, Mykola, and Mykhailo Habrel. "INVARIANTS AND ISOMERS OF URBAN SPACE." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.98-112.
Анотація:
The article assumes that the effectiveness of spatial development of the city largely depends on the analysis and consideration of new properties of space. The phenomena of isomerism and invariance as integral properties of urban space, their connection with other dimensions are studied. The theoretical provisions of the phenomenon of invariance and isomerism for urban planning are comprehended, their essence in relation to the problems of centrism is revealed; the role of urban networks and the dynamism of space; tasks of placing new objects in the complex spatial structure of cities. Approaches to the study and consideration of these characteristics in the spatial organization and development of urban systems are substantiated.
The categorical-conceptual apparatus is specified. Invariants are quantities, ratios, and properties that do not change from the changes in the components associated with them. They determine the comfort of the environment, the availability of facilities, the effectiveness of solutions and other properties of the space. The phenomenon of invariance is revealed through the functional zoning of the territory, the concept of centrism and the center of cities, communication connectivity and configuration of the urban network, the location of new objects in urban space. These are the instrumental properties of urban space, which are concentrated around the human dimension and human needs. Isomers in urban planning are changes in the properties of urban space with a constant material structure and environment, which is usually associated with the position of a single element in the system. Understanding this phenomenon is important and effective for understanding the morphology and essence of urban systems.
The city is an integral dynamic supersystem, and the development of urban space takes place both according to planned decisions and according to the laws of «living» matter. Space interacts with processes (social, technological, informational, functional and economic); combines squares, streets, recreational environment (parks, gardens, squares), creating their own social values. The principles and requirements for the use of invariance and isomerism in architectural and urban activities are substantiated.
Invariants determine the proportions of the ratios of shapes and spaces, environmental friendliness, functionality, nodes and internal geometry of space. Isomeric properties of urban space form, as a rule, qualitative symbolic, aesthetic and historically significant urban elements. They: change the range of impressions for users due to changes in architectural and urban characteristics and interactions with the user; increase individual and collective personalization, as well as general identity; make the space safer for the population, provide continuity in their control; universalize the space, which allows to develop new activities and apply mixed functionalities; organize urban nodes as spaces with high connectivity to other urban nodes and zones. The requirements to the formation of urban space are substantiated: the correct definition of the proportional relations between closed and open space, shape and size; environmental friendliness; functional sufficiency; the internal geometry of space must be determined by man; nodal places as invariants should direct people to cross space in all directions - to guarantee visually expressive entrances, attractive visual landmarks, accessibility, convenience of being near them and in them; the label must meet the criteria of scale and traditional design. It is proved that the use of isomerization provisions and urban invariants can be effective for the recovery and effective development of the urban organism.
24
Lu, Lu, and Jing Gao. "Comparative Study on the Main Elements of Urban Design Control Method." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2361.
Анотація:
Urban design control methods play a key role in the modern urban development. In this paper, three main elements of urban design--architectural form, color and space texture are studied to compare the control methods of three countries: the United States, Europe and Japan. At last, it proposes the improvements of the control methods for Chinese urban development.
25
Erman, Tahire, and Burcu Hatiboğlu. "Gendering Residential Space: From Squatter and Slum Housing to the Apartment Estates in Turkish Renewal Projects." City & Community 17, no. 3 (September 2018): 808–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12325.
Анотація:
This article argues for the need to understand gendered dimensions of space in a contextualized way. It investigates residential space in three different types of housing settings of the poor, namely, a peripheral squatter neighborhood coded by rurality, a central slum neighborhood coded by criminality, and the housing estates in squatter/slum renewal projects coded by middle–class urbanity. Based on two field studies conducted in Ankara, Turkey's capital, it challenges the feminine–private versus masculine–public dichotomy: With women's presence inside the neighborhood, the squatter area was a “feminine space,” whereas, with the violent control of neighborhood spaces by local men, the slum area was a “masculine space.” Through its association with urban modernity, the public/private divide was enforced in the housing estates. While in the first housing estate, women's informal practices in its public spaces “feminized” and “ruralized” the estate, in the second housing estate, it made women feel safe inside apartments.
26
Liu, Wenhui, Hong Zhang, and Jiaxin Ni. "“Stepping Stones” in Urban Greenways: Design Strategy of Roof Garden in Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, China." Academic Research Community publication 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v4i1.699.
Анотація:
This paper focuses on the design strategy of roof gardens, analyzes the relationship between aerial greening from the overall shape of urban space, and discusses the greening spots effect of “stepping stones” in urban greenways. Taking the green corrider between the green space of the Yangtze River wetland and the green space of the Laoshan Mountain as a sample, the roof garden is analyzed as the impact of the stepping stones of the birds on the urban space shape control and height control. Afterwards, it researches the modular technology which can be adapted to building various types of roof gardens.
27
Samuel T Ariaratnam and Bahaa Chammout. "Underground space development resulting from increased urban migration." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.8.2.0093.
Анотація:
Worldwide urbanization has resulted in the creation of so called “megacities” with populations of 10 million or more. It is estimated that 68% of the world’s population will reside in urban centers by the year 2050 up from 55% in 2018 [1]. This pace of urbanization is staggering, especially in China where urban populations have more than doubled over the last 30 years, while urban land extent has more than tripled [2]. Today, urban planners and engineers are faced with challenging decisions regarding land management planning. To manage this population increase, there is a need to cultivate urban underground space to reduce congestion on the surface, control urban sprawl, and provide opportunities to re-purpose land for recreational space. This discussion paper provides a review of several recommended practices for urban underground space development addressing planning, intended function, and environmental sustainability/resiliency.
28
Dubrovsky, Alexey, Anastasia Ilinykh, Galina Yurina, and Tatyana Mezhueva. "Environmental aspects of designing urban infrastructure for smart cities." E3S Web of Conferences 311 (2021): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131107006.
Анотація:
The article discusses the need to develop elements of smart rational design of urban space with recreational areas and focus on creating an environmentally friendly environment. The authors proposed a sequence of measures to control the recreational provision of the territory of the settlement. The authors highlight the factors influencing the development of underground urban space and the principles of the formation of an ecocity as promising directions for organizing urban space. The article presents the principles of rational organization of urban space.
29
Zhao, Cheng, Yi Xun, and Lixin Qi. "Signal Control Adaptive Model Based on Microtransformation of Urban Street Space." Scientific Programming 2022 (September 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2322562.
Анотація:
Cities need to develop, people’s lives need to be improved, and the living environment needs to be enhanced. With the strengthening of the national policy of paying attention to people’s livelihood, the speed of development, the increase of the number of cars, and the major demolition and construction of streets are in full swing everywhere. However, traffic congestion has become a serious social problem, which greatly affects economic development and people’s daily life. Therefore, the study of signal coordination control of urban traffic arteries has become an urgent problem for all countries. In this paper, after a brief introduction of the basic concepts and related technologies of traffic control systems, we focus on the arterial coordinated control system. The adaptive control model studied in this paper reveals the vehicle arrival dynamics from a microscopic perspective, which helps to improve the adaptive control effect and alleviate urban intersection congestion. The use of traffic information acquisition and control systems can promote the application of vehicle networking technology, while moreover helping to provide important model simulations for future street simulation renovation.
30
PARFITT, CLAURE MORRONE, and VIVIANE LEITE DIAS DE MATTOS. "AVALIANDO O DESEMPENHO DE PLANO DIRETOR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO NA PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, no. 22 (December 30, 2021): 230–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2021.22.010.
Анотація:
Decision-making in urban planning should be based on accurate information on the performance of the spaces produced related to socioeconomic and environmental aspects. However, despite the current pattern observed in the peri-urban areas of most Brazilian cities, the planning system implemented does not establish models for investigating conflicts arising from the production of urban space. To expand the forms of assessment and control of environmental impacts, a theoretical-methodological framework is presented for assessing the performance of the space produced in urban areas of environmental preservation. The indicators of that framework are important measures to identify internal discrepancies to the system, showing its heterogeneity. The present study aimed to assess the performance of the Master Plan for Urban Development of the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil in the production of space in areas of Environmental Preservation. The investigation considered socio-spatial, socioenvironmental and socio-economic aspects. The proposed analysis uses multivariate statistical analysis to classify the space produced. The study is useful in the production of a framework for monitoring and managing the current and future panorama of development in urban environmental preservation areas.
31
Wu, Linjia, Qidi Dong, Shixian Luo, Yanling Li, Yuzhou Liu, Jiani Li, Zhixian Zhu, Mingliang He, Yuhang Luo, and Qibing Chen. "An Empirical Study of the Restoration Potential of Urban Deciduous Forest Space to Youth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063453.
Анотація:
Urban deciduous forests are an important ecological resource and seasonal landscape in the urban environment. However, in the abundant literature on how urban green space promotes human health and well-being, research on urban seasonal deciduous forests is limited. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and psychological recovery potential provided of urban deciduous forest space for youths and the spatial preferences of youths regarding such spaces. We recruited 120 participants to study the restorative potential of two typical urban deciduous forest landscape spaces (experimental groups) and one urban road environment (control group). The results showed that after 15 min of observation, the blood pressure (especially the diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01)) and pulse of the deciduous forest trail setting (DFTS) group effectively decreased, and the restorative mood significantly increased. Regarding change in emotional parameters, the DFTS group scored higher on “interest” and significantly higher than the other two groups on positive emotion. The correlation results show that density and level are the key factors affecting spatial preferences regarding complex deciduous forests. An increase in density reduces the mood of re-laxation, and an increase in level decreases fatigue and interest. We suggest (1) constructing foot-paths in urban deciduous forests to reduce their spatial density as to improve the relaxation effect and (2) increasing landscape diversity according to the forest space to facilitate user participation and interest. This study provides a scientific basis for the environmental restoration of deciduous landscapes and for urban forestry management decision-makers based on space type construction.
32
De Souza, Rafael. "A batalha política pela cidade: rupturas e continuidades nos trajetos de protestos em junho de 2013 na cidade de São Paulo / The political battle for the city: Ruptures and continuities in itineraries of protests of June 2013 in the city of São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Sociologia - RBS 8, no. 20 (September 24, 2020): 128–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20336/rbs.730.
Анотація:
O artigo investiga a variedade de trajetos das manifestações percorridos por uma gama de atores coletivos presentes no ciclo de confrontos de 2013, apresentando os mecanismos responsáveis pela ocupação, concentração e dispersão de protestos no espaço urbano. Quais foram os obstáculos e constrangimentos para a execução dos trajetos de protesto em junho de 2013? Através da análise espacial dos protestos, foi possível elencar os mecanismos pelos quais os diferentes usos situacionais do espaço urbano produzem e disseminam os trajetos de protesto. O argumento principal é de que a dispersão dos trajetos no cenário urbano paulistano resultou de dois fatores: 1) a morfologia espacial da cidade; 2) as disputas entre atores políticos (polícia vs. manifestantes; e ativistas com diferentes agendas) pelo controle de espaços da cidade visando objetivos específicos.AbstractThe article explores the variety of paths taken by a range of collective actors in the 2013 cycle of confrontations, presenting the mechanisms responsible for the occupation, concentration and dispersion of protests in urban space. What were the obstacles and constraints to the execution of the protest routes in June 2013? Through the spatial analysis of the protests, it was possible to list the mechanisms by which the different situational uses of urban space produce and disseminate the protest routes. The main argument is that the dispersion of routes in the urban scenario of São Paulo resulted from two factors: 1) the spatial morphology of the city; 2) disputes between political actors (police vs. demonstrators; and activists with different agendas) for the control of city spaces aiming at specific objectives.
33
Taking, Muh Idris. "Factors that Affect Changes in Land Use and its Implications in Spatial Control in the Sungguminasa Urban Area." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1209, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1209/1/012008.
Анотація:
Abstract Sungguminasa Urban Area, as the capital of the Gowa Regency, is one of the urban areas included in the Mamminasata national strategic area. It also an urban area that has the same characteristics in the concept of Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in which area a corridor is a path that connects the two major cities, therefore on further developments in the whole hall is experiencing transform spatial, economic, social, and cultural information, resulting in a very significant regional transformation from rural to urban. Research conducted to identify the factors that cause changes in the utilization of space in urban areas Sungguminasa, to assess the implementation of the utilization of space which is associated in the process of controlling the utilization of space in urban areas Sungguminasa, so this research can formulate the implications that need attention in the future to make the product spatial use planning and spatial use control processes can run more effectively. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the study areas related to changes in land use under the data obtained subsequent classified into in the form of tables and maps, while to assess the process of controlling the use of space can be accomplished through a structured interview to evaluate the implementation of the utilization of space-related processes controlling the use of space. The results of this study indicate that factors that cause land-use changes still influenced by economic factors (land prices), social factors (characteristics of the owner of the land), physical factors (accessibility and hydrology), and policy factors (licensing), so it has implications for the process controlling the use of space.
34
Song, Mingjie, DongMei Chen, Katie Woodstock, Zuo Zhang, and Yuling Wu. "An RP-MCE-SOP Framework for China’s County-Level “Three-Space” and “Three-Line” Planning—An Integration of Rational Planning, Multi-Criteria Evaluation, and Spatial Optimization." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2019): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11112997.
Анотація:
“Three-space” (including agricultural space, urban and rural construction space, and ecological space) and “three-line” (including urban development boundary, prime farmland control line, basic ecological control line) planning has been regarded as an essential measure for China’s city and county level “multiple-plan integration”. It handles the multiple planning objectives of development management, agricultural land preservation, and ecological resource protection. This article proposes a rational planning with multi-criteria evaluation and spatial optimization (RP-MCE-SOP) framework for China’s county-level “three-space” and “three-line” planning by following the rational planning (RP) model and taking advantages of multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and spatial optimization (SOP) techniques. The framework includes five steps of building the SOP model, land suitability evaluation with MCE, optimization problem solving, post-processing of land allocation solutions, and applying post-processed solutions to “three-space” and “three-line” planning. The framework was implemented in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City with the Boolean aggregation and analytical hierarchy analysis (AHP) MCE techniques and the patch-based Non-dominated Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) SOP algorithm. The case study shows: (1) The framework is feasible and useful for assisting decision making in “three-space” and “three-line” planning. (2) The planning solutions protect ecologically sensitive spaces and high-quality agricultural land and plan future construction in the urban peripheral area or transportation convenient areas. (3) The solutions are useful for planning the hard boundaries for ecological resource protection and prime farmland preservation and setting both hard and soft boundaries for urban growth.
35
PAN, Jiahua. "Safety Risks of Urban Spatial Agglomeration and Their Prevention and Control: Based on the Prevention and Control of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 08, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748120500013.
Анотація:
The rampant spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is worth examining from different angles. From the angle of urban spatial patterns and urban morphology, urban spatial agglomeration, polarization of spatial patterns, and the concept of centralization adopted in planning urban space are objective conditions that have aggravated the pandemic. This paper examines the mechanisms and effects that may have helped the spread of the pandemic. Considering the rapid spread and severe outcome of the coronavirus disease due to the spatial agglomeration of urban population, it is required to make a trade-off among economic, ecological and safe rationalities, and put safe rationality first.
36
Leon, Daniel S. "Developing Space." arbeitstitel | Forum für Leipziger Promovierende 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36258/aflp.v6i1.3274.
Анотація:
Venezuela, a Latin American rentier state, went from experiencing 11 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants in 1983 to 44 in 2002. My dissertation project examines why this significant increase in social violence took place by analysing the relationship between slum development and the withering of institutions of social control in the country after the 1970s. This article however only discusses the conceptual framework behind the dwindling of institutions of social control. The hypothesis of this article (and that of my dissertation) is that a Durkheimian anomic gap was fomented in the Venezuelan slums because transition to modernity (rural-to-urban migration) did not allow recreating institutions that promoted norms of social interaction, which reduce the possibility of violent conflict between people. It concludes by reviewing the tentative methodology that will be applied in my dissertation to confirm or dismiss the aforementioned hypothesis.
37
Liu, Jie, and Yu Shao. "Safety Control Strategy Designed by the Visual Guidance System of Urban Underground Space." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1735.
Анотація:
The visual guidance system aims to convey the environmental information through selecting, handling and integrating the carrier of visual information. Because of the characteristics of underground space itself, its interior defence against calamities is rather complicated. Therefore, hazard prevention has increasingly become the significant project to develop and utilize the underground space in a scientific, reasonable, safe and effective way. From the angle of safety, this paper elaborates the necessity of visual guidance system to prevent and cure the interior underground space, discusses and brings forward the structural strategy based on the safe guidance system of underground space. Besides, it also brings forward the suggestion to enhance the security of interior underground space by making use of the guidance system of underground space in order to improve the special characteristics to prevent and reduce the disasters in it and increase the elasticity of the cities to endure disasters.
38
Rybina, Galina V., and Vladimir Yu Stepankov. "The simulation of intelligent agents communication in the multi-agent management system for urban parking space." Journal Of Applied Informatics 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-4-37-46.
Анотація:
The possibilities of a multi-agent approach for managing urban parking space are considered, which allows you to adequately represent the parking space and effectively solve the following tasks: monitoring congestion, searching and booking available parking spaces; building routes and navigation to selected places; parking; payment for parking services; monitoring compliance with parking rules; control and access control in closed parking lots (equipped with entrance and exit terminals and barriers); forecasting the main parameters, such as workload, income, turnover; informing users. The necessity of intellectualization of urban parking space management processes based on the use of methods and technologies of multi- agent systems (MAS), the main objectives of which are to: reduce the search time for parking spaces; increase the speed of traffic in paid parking areas; increase the turnover of parking spaces; reduce traffic congestion, fuel costs; reduce the number of parking violations on the road network; reducing the flow of personal vehicles entering the toll zone and stimulating the use of urban public transport; reducing environmental pollution. The greatest difficulty is the tasks of organizing the interaction of agents of various typologies in the collective solution of tasks, since each agent solving a specific task has only a partial idea of the overall task and must constantly interact with other agents. The features of prototyping MAS with an emphasis on modeling the interaction of certain types of intelligent agents in the problem area under study are presented. The obtained simulation results are the basis for the continuation and further development of research and development to create the final prototype of a MAS for urban parking space management.
39
WU, Zhanyun, and Jingjing SHAN. "A Study on the Evolution and Optimization of Production–Ecological–Living Space Structure in Chinese Cities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 07, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748119500180.
Анотація:
Urban land-use structure is the result of the joint effects of physical geographic environment, economic development level and institutional environment. Cities’ differences in resources endowment, administrative level and scale all exert great influences on their production–ecological–living (PEL) space structure. According to the results of land-use analysis of 661 cities above the county level between 2000 and 2017, the Chinese cities’ PEL spaces suffer an unbalanced structure, mismatches among regions and unreasonable classification of scales. The existing spatial planning system, space-use regulation and urban growth control deviate to some degree from the expected goal, i.e. coordinated development, of PEL spaces. In the future, efforts should be made to accelerate the establishment of a spatial planning system, strengthen the space-use regulation and improve planning regulations and polices of national land, so as to enhance the governance of national land space and facilitate the coordinated development of the PEL spaces in Chinese cities.
40
Wang, Hongda, Jing Ye, Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin, Yueyan Liu, and Yushan Zheng. "Tourists’ Safety Perception Clues in the Urban Forest Environment: Visual Quality, Facility Completeness, Accessibility—A Case Study of Urban Forests in Fuzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031293.
Анотація:
The service quality and safety perception of urban forests are important factors that influence tourists to choose them as recreation destinations. This study aims to propose a theoretical model of multivariate relationships to explore the relationship between service quality (including visual quality, facility completeness, and accessibility) and safety perception to examine whether visual quality, facility completeness, and accessibility on tourists’ safety perception in the urban forest and to explain the specific reasons for the impact. We collected sample data from many urban forest green spaces in Fuzhou through a two-stage field survey (N = 891), and controlling for potential confounders, a structural equation model was used to estimate relationships. Safety perception was divided into safety environment perception, control perception, and safety emotion. Visual quality of an urban forest positively affected safety emotion. Traffic accessibility positively affected control perception. Facility completeness had a positive impact on safety emotion and control perception. Both safety emotion and control perception played an important intermediary role in improving the perception of a safe environment in the multivariate model. Visual quality, facility completeness, and accessibility all had a positive impact on tourists’ safety perception of urban forests. The findings suggest that improving the service quality of a green space can effectively improve tourists’ evaluation of the safety of the urban forest environment. Specifically, tourists’ psychological tolerance to threats and their self-confidence in survival can be enhanced by improving the service quality of a green space.
41
Taniguchi, Mamoru. "Introduction of Space Control for Cyber-shop locations." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 41 (2006): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/cpij1.41.0.102.0.
42
Warren, Robert, and Mark S. Rosentraub. "Information, Space, and the Control of Local Decisions." Journal of Urban Affairs 8, no. 4 (September 1986): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1986.tb00153.x.
43
Johann, Georg, and Hans-Reinhard Verworn. "Requirements for radar rainfall data in urban catchment modelling and control." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1997): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0637.
Анотація:
The use of radar rainfall data as input for storm runoff models can procure a real benefit if the hydrologic response of the watershed studied is strongly dependent on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of precipitation over its area. In dynamic management of urban catchments rainfall runoff simulations are sensitive to the resolution of the input data. In this study the influence of varios time/space resolutions of radar rainfall data on the results of rainfall-runoff simulations is inverstigated. Therefore, X-band radar rainfall data with high resolution in space (0.5 × 0.5 km) and time (360° scan every second minute), are compared with radar data with 14 min time and 1 × 1 km space resolution as input for the HYSTEM/EXTRAN hydrodynamic model of a small urban catchment. The presented invstigations are realized within the research project “realtime control of a combined sewer system by radar estimates of precipitataon” carried out by the University of Hannover and the Emschergenossenschaft/Lippeverband.
44
Kowalski, K. J., A. J. Brzeziński, J. B. Król, P. Radziszewski, and Ł. Szymański. "Traffic Analysis and Pavement Technology as a Tool for Urban Noise Control." Archives of Civil Engineering 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0039.
Анотація:
Traffic related noise is currently considered as an environmental pollution. Paper presents results of multidirectional study attempting to serve urban traffic without the need to erect noise barriers interfering urban space. Initial concept of the road expansion included construction of 1000 m of noise barriers dividing city space. Improvement in the acoustic conditions after construction completion is possible due to the applied noise protection measures: vehicle speed limit, smooth of traffic flow, use of road pavement of reduced noise emission and the technical improvement of the tramway.
45
De Caluwé, Goedele, and Marion Wasserbauer. "'The Picture in my Head is my Reward'* The Mental Mapping of a Queer Urban Perspective." UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 19 (October 13, 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/40248.
Анотація:
Urban space is a productive force reflecting and affecting human interaction both with other humans and with their environment (Lefebvre). Traditionally the urban scheme is envisioned to control and order ‘nature’ and social interaction, and to sustain the power of a dominant group (Foucault). Yet due to the complexity of the post-capitalist city, this urban realm is not a smooth surface. Sometimes temporary cracks form, where space is opened up for creating alternative orderings (Hetherington 40). Because of their ambivalence, these spaces do not clearly belong to anyone, and can easily be claimed. It is this type of place that queers and other minority groups have often repurposed and appropriated to their needs. With our photographs we hope to visualize these fragments in the urban environment, where the imposed order suddenly stops, and where organic (over-) growth takes over. Here nature reclaims temporarily unused urban space and thus disrupts the idea of a human-constructed and human-controlled landscape and the idea of ‘city’ in a dualistic relation with ‘nature.’ In this sense, our photographs represent a queer version of urban typologies like ‘park’ or ‘garden’.
46
Yu, Zhao, and Fu. "Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193613.
Анотація:
With the rapid expansion of impervious surfaces, urban waterlogging has become a typical “urban disease” in China, seriously hindering the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, reducing the impact of impervious surfaces on surface runoff is an effective approach to alleviate urban waterlogging. Presently, the development mode of many cities in China has shifted from an increase in urban scale to the improvement of urban quality through urban renewal, which is the current and future development path for most cities. Optimizing the design of impervious surfaces in urban renewal planning to reduce its impact on surface runoff is an important way to prevent and control urban waterlogging. The aim of this research is to construct an optimization model of impervious surface space layout under the framework of a geographic simulation technology-integrated ant colony optimization (ACO) and Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) model (ACO-SCS) in a case study of Guangzhou in China. Urban runoff plots in the study area are divided according to the area of the urban planning unit. With the goal of minimizing the runoff coefficient, the optimal space layout of the impervious surfaces is obtained, which provides a technical method and reference for urban waterlogging prevention and control through urban renewal planning. The results reveal that the optimization of impervious surface space layout through ACO-SCS achieves a satisfactory effect with an average optimization rate of 9.52%, and a maximum optimization rate of 33.16%. The research also shows that the initial impervious surface layout is the key influencing factor in ACO-SCS. In the urban renewal planning stage, the space layout of the impervious surfaces with a high–low–high density discontinuous connection can be constructed by transforming medium-density impervious surfaces into low-density impervious surfaces to achieve the flat and long-type agglomeration of the low-density and high-density impervious surfaces, which can effectively reduce the influence of urban development on surface runoff. There is spatial heterogeneity of the optimal results in different urban runoff plots. Therefore, the policy of urban renewal planning for urban waterlogging prevention and control should be different. The optimized results of impervious surface space layout provide useful reference information for urban renewal planning.
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Gomes, Maria Vitória Ribeiro, Bruna Peres Battemarco, Luciana Fernandes Guimarães, Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño de Oliveira, Victória de Araújo Rutigliani, Felipe Manoel Cabral, Ronan de Oliveira Pereira Bezerra, et al. "The use of blue-green infrastructure as a multifunctional approach to watersheds with socio-environmental vulnerability." Blue-Green Systems 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.119.
Анотація:
Abstract This article investigates how to make the implementation of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) more attractive to solve urban problems in densely occupied watersheds that lack flood control and environmental quality protection infrastructure. Considering the obstacles related to implementing multifunctional solutions in developing countries, measuring its co-benefits (in addition to flood control) may influence greater public and political acceptance. Thus, the paper uses a multifunctional design approach using the urban open space system and combining the blue-green and gray infrastructure. A hydrodynamic model was used to support flood mapping. This approach also increases the land value and the environmental quality of the urban spaces. Two quantitative aspects support this evaluation. The first one represents the land value increase as a positive effect, while the second one assesses the environmental quality of the urban space using the Environmental Quality Assessment Index (EQAI). The results obtained from the urban and environmental evaluation proved that blue and green corridors could promote multiple co-benefits for consolidated urban areas. The increased environmental quality and land value were only possible due to the combined use of BGI and gray infrastructure since BGI can add benefits that the gray infrastructure is not capable of providing.
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Bo'do, Stepanus. "Social Media, Public Space and Movement Discussion of Urban Farming in Indonesia." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.414.
Анотація:
The internet and social media expand public space has been much associated with public space and digital networks in many studies, where Habermas's public space theory and the theory of the Castells network society have been much debated about its relevance to the techno-social development. Both Habermas and Castells tend to see the public space of the Internet as a contestation space where corporate and state forces work in various ways to control and dominate it. This study emphasizes more on the creativity of citizens forming community networks through the use of the Internet and social media and conducting autonomous conversations in the public space. Netnographic studies of the dynamics of the discourse of public space in the social movement networked Indonesia Berkebun show that the Internet and social media become creative means for citizens to package global discourse locally to voice their demands. This study concludes that the concepts and theories of public space, network society are relevant as tools for analyzing public space and Internet networks and social media. The potential of the Internet network and social media as autonomous communication spaces depends on the design and purpose and the utilization of available features. Conversations - conversations that are restricted to the agenda of the 3E program help communities focus on discourse and shape the character of a rational Indonesian gardening space. This community from the beginning realized the potential of the Internet and social media to form networks and public spaces. But like gardening, public space requires commitment, such as caring for the garden from pest attacks, weeds, giving it fertilizer so the plants grow as expected.
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Adaye, Kouassi Albert, N’Guessan Simon Andon, and Quonan Christian Yao-Kouassi. "Facteurs Géographiques Explicatifs des Inondations en Milieu Urbain: Cas du Bassin Versant du Cours d’eau Goley a Sinfra (Centre-Ouest Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 26 (August 31, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n26p163.
Анотація:
Les inondations urbaines du Goley de Sinfra sont-elles liées à la forme de son bassin versant ou aux usages socio-économiques de cet espace ? Cette étude veut saisir les facteurs explicatifs des inondations du bassin versant urbain du Goley. La méthodologie a associé les SIG, les enquêtes socioculturelles et administratives. Les résultats montrent que les inondations ne sont pas liées à la forme du bassin versant mais aux usages de l’espace urbain lié au fonctionnement hydrologique du Goley. Ces usages se traduisent par les installations d’habitats hors lotissement et d’autres formes d’anthropisation dans les servitudes et lits du réseau hydrographique urbain. A cela, s’ajoutent l’absence d’aménagement des lits urbains contre les inondations et la présence de divers aménagements obstacles aux libres écoulements des eaux dans les lits dont les voiries aux canaux des ponts obstrués par la matière plastique formant ainsi des digues de barrages dans l’espace urbain. En outre, la sacralisation d’une partie du tronçon du réseau hydrographique urbain montre encore la mainmise des populations sur cet espace dédié au fonctionnement hydrologique qui empêche d’avance tout projet d’aménagement urbain du Goley contre les inondations.
Are the urban floods of the Sinfra Goley linked to the shape of its catchment area or to the socio-economic uses of this space? This study aims to understand the explanatory factors of flooding in the Goley urban watershed. The methodology combined GIS, socio-cultural and administrative surveys. The results show that the floods are not linked to the shape of the watershed but to the uses of the urban space linked to the hydrological functioning of the Goley. These uses result in the installation of habitats outside subdivisions and other forms of anthropization in the easements and beds of the urban hydrographic network. Added to this is the lack of development of the urban beds against flooding and the presence of various structures that impede the free flow of water in the beds, including the roads to the canals of the bridges obstructed by the plastic material thus forming dykes of dams in the urban space. In addition, the sanctification of part of the section of the urban hydrographic network further shows the control of the populations on this space dedicated to hydrological functioning which prevents in advance any urban development project of the Goley against floods project to develop the Goley watercourse against flooding in the urban catchment area.
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Weijs-Perrée, Dane, van den Berg, and van Dorst. "A Multi-Level Path Analysis of the Relationships between the Momentary Experience Characteristics, Satisfaction with Urban Public Spaces, and Momentary- and Long-Term Subjective Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193621.
Анотація:
Previous research has shown that the urban environment could influence people's behavior and wellbeing. However, little is still known about how the objective and subjective measures of the momentary experience of urban public spaces could contribute to the satisfaction with the urban environment of cities, which eventually could influence the momentary and long-term subjective wellbeing (SWB) of citizens. Therefore, the aim of this research is to gain insight into how momentary experience and satisfaction with the urban public space could contribute to the SWB of citizens, and thereby control for personal, contextual characteristics. Relationships were simultaneously analyzed using a multi-level path analysis approach based on a sample of 1056 momentary experiences of urban public spaces reported by 161 citizens of the urban area Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The results showed that personality and personal characteristics are highly important for explaining long-term SWB and subsequently long-term SWB positively influences momentary SWB (the degree of feeling secure, comfortable, happy and annoyed) together with the momentary satisfaction of urban public space characteristics. In addition, contextual characteristics, such as time/day and distance to facilities are important for explaining people’s momentary SWB. Policy makers and urban planners can use these results when developing policy and designing a healthy, attractive, livable and safe living environment for citizens.