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1
Hausner, Sondra L. "Society, Morality, Embodiment." Durkheimian Studies 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ds.2017.230101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This issue of Durkheimian Studies presents the collective efforts of the participants of a workshop held in late 2017, the centenary anniversary of Émile Durkheim’s death, at the University of Oxford. The articles that emerged from it, published together in this special issue for the first time along with some new material, demonstrate a continuation of classic Durkheimian themes, but with contemporary approaches. First, they consider the role of action in the production of society. Second, they rely on authors’ own ethnographies: the contributors here engage with Durkheimian questions from the data of their own fieldsites. Third, effervescence, one of Durkheim’s most innovative contributions to sociology, is considered in depth, and in context: how do societies sustain themselves over time? Finally, what intellectual histories did Durkheim himself draw upon – and how can we better understand his conceptual contributions in light of these influences?
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Duschinsky, Robbie, and Ian Robson. "Morality, Colour, Bodies: Epistemological and Interpretive Questions." Excursions Journal 4, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 143–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/exs.4.2013.202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As contributors to this special edition show in different ways, purity itself is a less stable concept than may first appear. This insight, however, is not always reflected in dominant theory on the topic. Contributions to this special edition are therefore placed in dialogue with a metanarrative regarding the role of purity in Western history, presented by the influential Harvard sociologist Barrington Moore Jr.. In effect, discussion of Moore’s narrative on purity is a way to expose it differently, allowing the reader to reconsider Moore’s claims. In turn, we hope that the special issue’s contributions will be exposed differently in light of work to refine and redefine Moore’s overarching thesis.
3
Mizzoni, John. "The Maternal Bond in Ethics and Evolution." Symposion 11, no. 1 (2024): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion20241113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scope of the humanities has been broadened by tracing the evolutionary roots of human biology. A salient example of the move in this direction is the philosophical study of ethics. Specifically, Nel Noddings’ theory of Care Ethics has made contributions to an evolutionary understanding of morality as having developed through several paths, one of them stemming from the maternal instinct. Recent scientific research on the brains of pregnant women supports Noddings’ philosophical sketch. Thus, Noddings’ work contributes to the Explaining Morality Program (EMP). The scientific models of morality in the EMP can become stronger if they can incorporate Noddings’ insights about a maternal evolutionary path to morality.
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Latif, Abdul. "PERADABAN ISLAM: HEGEMONI DAN KONTRIBUSINYA DI BIDANG SASTRA ARAB." Al-Fathin: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 1, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/al-fathin.v1i2.1269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Islamic Civilization is one of civilizations which has a prominent role in the world civilizations history. But many bad stereotypes has been given by Orientalist about Islamic Civilization. More than it, some of them also regard that Islamic Civilization has the lowest contribution in human civilization advancement. To know how Islamic Civilization ruled and had a role in developing civilization in that time, so the writer uses hegemony theory of Antonio Gramsci. The result of this research proves that there are two ways done by Islamic Civilization in ruling the society under its authority, first is by structured leadership led by the highest commander in Islam society civilization, and second is by morality leadership which that moral is taken from Alquran principals and values. Despite opinions above, Islamic Civilization contributions also has been acknowledged by European especially in this three sectors, it is in science, morality and thought. The contribution of Islamic civilization in the field of Arabic Literature is the presence of themes of heroism and the spirit of struggle in European literary works.
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Wang, Siyuan. "On the Public Morality Exception Rule Under the WTO: The Case of China-US Cultural Products Market Access as an Example." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the first of all exceptions in the GATT and GATS agreements, the public morals exception has been invoked by many countries in practice to justify their trade restrictive measures. The WTO rulings in the US Gaming case and the US-China Cultural Products Market Access case have made important contributions to the development of the public morality exception, but the concept of "public morality" and the extraterritorial effects of this rule have not been clarified. By considering these issues, the article proposes to adopt a "restricted domestic approach" to the definition and application of the public morality exception rule and to strictly limit the extraterritorial effects of the rule. This paper uses the research methods of comparative study and case study.
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Yaprak, Attila, and Melvin Prince. "Consumer morality and moral consumption behavior: literature domains, current contributions, and future research questions." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-12-2018-2999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The literature on consumer morality and consumption is spread widely across many research streams and would benefit from grouping under selected themes so that scholars’ work can be guided by the compass of these themes. It is also important to add studies to each of these themes to serve as gateways that will guide new research. The aim of this special issue of the Journal of Consumer Marketing was to achieve precisely this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to open the gate to the exploration of the themes that today describe this landscape. Design/methodology/approach The paper assesses the contributions made in each of several domains to better understand, why and how moral consumption works, what its ingredients are and how it may grow in the future. There are at least four domains of morality and moral consumption studies as follows: the formation of the moral self and moral identity; moral identity and ethical consumption; moral reasoning (cognitive processes) and moral choice; and the moral self and marketing. Each of these domains of work provides insight into the moral consumption phenomenon. Findings The authors highlight the development of the moral self and underscore the significance of the relationship between identity development and the individual’s moral actions and by extension the significance of that relationship in moral consumption. Also, the paper adds to the current discussion on morality and ethical consumption by underscoring their interlinked nature and how that linkage can drive consumption behavior, highlight the cognitive processes involved in moral choices and how consumers reason to arrive at those choices. Finally, the authors provide examples of the workings of moral identity and reasoning in consumption contexts more directly. Originality/value Each of these morality and moral consumption domains of work provides unique insights into the moral consumption phenomenon; thus, it is important to disseminate the contributions made in each domain to better understand, why and how moral consumption works, what its ingredients are and how it may grow in the future. In this paper, the authors offer contemporary original samples of key contributions to each of these domains.
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Laursen, Klaus Brønd, Gorm Harste, and Steffen Roth. "Moral communication observed with social systems theory. An introduction." Kybernetes 51, no. 5 (March 8, 2022): 1653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2022-0059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe present article pertains to recent advances in social systems theoretical analyses of moral communication.Design/methodology/approachAn introduction to basic concepts and requirements for systems-theoretical approaches to morality and communication is provided, as is an introduction to 14 contributions to a pertinent special issue of Kybernetes.FindingsThe review of these 14 cases suggests that social systems theory enables researchers to study moral communication without necessarily performing it.Originality/valueThis article reappraises and challenges Niklas Luhmann's occasionally distanced attitude to morality, which has occasionally been understood as a form of moral communication itself.
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Widyawati, Anis, Ridwan Arifin, Heru Setyanto, Bearlly Deo Syahputra, and Zaharuddin Sani Ahmah Sabri. "Islamic Law’s role in developing policies prohibiting homosexuality as a crime against morality in Indonesia." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i1.30576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the significance of the Islamic law doctrine's role in the development of policies aiming to prohibit homosexuality as a crime against morality in Indonesia. The study focuses on the foundational contributions and core principles of Islamic law that form the basis for shaping policies concerning the issue of homosexuality. The research methodology involves an in-depth analysis of primary Islamic legal sources and an exploration of Indonesia's positive legal framework that influences the direction of these policies. Furthermore, the research encompasses legal case studies, an exploration of relevant literature, and an Islamic legal perspective regarding the efforts to prohibit homosexuality. Consequently, the research results deepen the understanding of the contributions and relevance of Islamic law in formulating policies that regulate homosexuality as a crime against morality in Indonesia. Moreover, this study aims to identify challenges and opportunities associated with implementing these policies.
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Kuipers, Giselinde, Thomas Franssen, and Sylvia Holla. "Clouded judgments? Aesthetics, morality and everyday life in early 21st century culture." European Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549419861634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This special issue investigates the relationship between aesthetics and morality. How do the good and the beautiful, the bad and the ugly, happen in everyday life? How do these ‘orders of worth’ interact? Do they reinforce each other? What happens when they contradict one another? Does one order typically trump the other? Five contributions, from Israel, Italy and the Netherlands, scrutinize different sites where both aesthetics – the continuum of evaluations from beautiful to ugly – and morality – evaluations about good and evil, right and wrong – have a strong presence. The contributions zoom in on everyday cultural consumption, where people create, seek out and discuss ‘good’ food, clothing, films and architecture, and professional situations where people look for ‘good’ jobs, want to work in ‘good’ work spaces and aim to be a ‘good’ worker. Integrating insights from cultural studies, sociology, valuation studies and science and technology studies, this special issue shows, first, how judgments of aesthetic and moral value are central to the fabric of social life – from the smallest level of everyday interactions to the large scale of economic relations and power im/balances. Second, these valuations often clash, blend and blur. This blurring and blending enables the drawing of social boundaries, the consolidation of identities and the shaping of selves. But it also allows for seduction, manipulation and obfuscation of power dynamics. Third, the contributions show that in contemporary post-Fordist, meritocratic consumer societies, beauty and morality are increasingly entangled with economic and political logics, leading to new social struggles and new forms of alienation and exploitation.
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Haron, Muhammed. "Knowledge, Faith, Morality, and the Future of Humanity." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i4.1303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Symposium on Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, held in Istanbulfrom 3-5 October 2010 under the auspices of Istanbul Ilim ve Kültür Vakfi(www.sempozyum2010.com and www.barlaplatformu.com), coincided withthe fiftieth anniversary of this great Muslim social reformer’s death. Itstheme, “Knowledge, Faith, Morality, and the Future of Humanity,” attractedacademics, scholars, and writers from around the world who sought toexplore and examine The Risale-i Nur’s contributions to human peace, prosperity,and happiness. The 106 peer-reviewed papers presented were dividedinto three separate volumes according to language: Turkish (13 papers),Arabic (50 papers), and English (43 papers and the keynote address).
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Gong, Weitao. "THE INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONFUCIANISM TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." International Journal of Law, Ethics, and Technology 2023, no. 3 (November 12, 2023): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55574/shhy1911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Confucianism requires individuals to take into account the fairness, justice, harmony and peaceful development of others and the whole society while developing themselves. Contemporary international law lacks this requirement of Confucianism. International law, dominated by western civilization, has neither proper regulation nor necessary condemnation toward some countries’ behaviors of neglecting morality and sacrificing the common interests of mankind when pursuing their own interests. In this regard, Confucianism can play a positive theoretical role in the proper development of contemporary international law for it to return to the direction of justice and morality. Besides, Confucianism itself has a theoretical and historical connection with international law and its natural law thoughts. It also has already made positive contributions to the sustainable development of international law, world peace and the development of international human rights. Thus, it is feasible for Confucianism to contribute to the improvement of contemporary international law. The idea of building a human community with a shared future is the modern interpretation of Confucianism, which can be more systematically used as the theoretical basis for improving contemporary international law, so as to ensure the unity of powers and responsibilities of all countries and to take into account the interests of other countries in their own development.
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Christy Susanto, Lovena, and Yenni Carolina. "Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal, Moralitas Individu, Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi Terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi." Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Teknologi (AMBITEK) 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56870/ambitek.v2i1.36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Indonesia, the issue of accounting corruption and fraud is still a serious problem because cases of accounting corruption and fraud continue to increase every year. This study was made to examine the effect of internal control, individual morality, and obedience to accounting rules on the tendency of accounting fraud. This research was conducted at a service company in the city of Bandung. One hundred respondents participated in this study. The results of this study indicate that internal control, individual morality, and obedience to accounting rules have a significant negative effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. This study aims to contribute to companies to overcome these problems both in theory and practice. This study provides contributions related to internal control, individual morality, compliance with accounting rules, and the tendency of accounting fraud. Furthermore, for service companies in the city of Bandung, this research can be used to prevent accounting fraud.
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George, Linda. "Religious Socialization and Moral Development: How Similar? How Different?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Among Vern Bengtson’s contributions to research on aging, religion, and the family was the finding of strong patterns of intergenerational religious socialization within families. Professor Bengtson and colleagues published at least one book and a dozen journal articles documenting the strong evidence of intergenerational religious socialization, although they also documented specific variations of this general pattern. More recently, social scientists in the culture and cognition tradition have focused on moral development. Most of this research is based on studies of adolescents and emerging adults and concludes that families influence morality at these life stages, but that the effects of peers are even stronger. Some of this research explicitly links morality to religion; most does not. This paper compares research on religious socialization and morality, focusing on similarities and differences in findings, the potential of each tradition to inform and advance the other, and how that can be accomplished. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Religion, Spirituality and Aging Interest Group.
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Abend, Gabriel. "Thick Concepts and the Moral Brain." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 1 (April 2011): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975611000051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDrawing on Williams’ distinction between thin and thick ethical concepts, I argue that current moral neuroscience and psychology unwarrantedly restrict their researches to thin morality only. Experiments typically investigate subjects’ judgments about rightness, appropriateness, or permissibility, that is, thin concepts. The nature and workings of thick concepts –e.g., dignity, integrity, humanness, cruelty, pettiness, exploitation, or fanaticism – have not been empirically investigated; hence, they are absent from recent theories about morality. This may seem like a minor oversight, which some additional research can redress. I argue that the fix is not that simple: thick concepts challenge one of the theoretical backbones of much moral psychology and neuroscience; they challenge the conception of a hardwired and universal moral capacity in a way that thin concepts do not. In the conclusion I argue that the burgeoning science of morality should include both thin and thick, and that it should include the contributions of psychologists and neuroscientists as well as those of anthropologists, historians, and sociologists.
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Cahyanto, Dionysius Widi. "Moralitas Menurut Friedrich Nietzsche: Eksplorasi “Mentalitas Budak”." Proceedings of The National Conference on Indonesian Philosophy and Theology 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/snf.v1i2.8372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This writing explores the life and thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher known for his critique of Christian morality and traditional concepts in society. Nietzsche, who was born into a devout Christian family, developed views that opposed Christian morality, which he believed created a slave mentality. He advocated for a morality focused on self-preservation and the elevation of individual dignity, proposing the concept of the superior human or ubermensch that emphasizes strength, courage, and freedom. Nietzsche's thoughts led to egoism and a rejection of absolute authority, emphasizing the importance of individuals to develop themselves to the fullest. This writing also discusses how Nietzsche's thoughts remain relevant in contemporary contexts, urging individuals to prioritize themselves and achieve their best potential. Additionally, the author highlights how Nietzsche, as a productive thinker, has influenced many existentialist philosophers and the development of modern Western philosophy with his nihilistic views. While his contributions are acknowledged as significant, this writing also underscores that his views pose new dangers to current philosophical thinking.
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Gill, Michael J., Dominic J. Packer, and Jay Van Bavel. "More to morality than mutualism: Consistent contributors exist and they can inspire costly generosity in others." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 1 (February 2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractStudies of economic decision-making have revealed the existence of consistent contributors, who always make contributions to the collective good. It is difficult to understand such behavior in terms of mutualistic motives. Furthermore, consistent contributors can elicit apparently altruistic behavior from others. Therefore, although mutualistic motives are likely an important contributor to moral action, there is more to morality than mutualism.
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Ruescas Juárez, Juan Antonio. "Entre la lingüística y la moral sin valores. Dos contribuciones de Sánchez Ferlosio al pensamiento contemporáneo." Araucaria, no. 51 (2022): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2022.i51.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabajo comienza ofreciendo, a modo de «status quaestionis», una panorámica de la atención que se ha prestado a la obra ensayística de Sánchez Ferlosio, desde las lecturas propuestas en los años noventa del siglo pasado por autores del círculo de nuestro autor hasta los estudios y artículos aparecidos tras su muerte, en 2019. A continuación, se presentan algunas aportaciones relevantes de Ferlosio al pensamiento contemporáneo. Concretamente, se analiza el «aprecio por lo perecedero» como uno de estas aportaciones y, además, se explica cómo este aprecio surge en el marco de una «actitud reflexiva ante el lenguaje». Por último, se procede a un balance crítico de las posiciones de Sánchez Ferlosio con respecto a los asuntos mencionados.
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Ni Komang Novita Sari, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Budiasih, Ni Putu Sri Harta Mimba, and I Gusti Ayu Made Asri Dwija Putri. "Tri Hita Karana Culture Moderate: Good Corporate Governance and Morality in Fraud Prevention." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 1 (July 30, 2024): 988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Good Corporate Governance and Morality on Fraud Prevention in LPDs throughout Sukawati District directly or moderated by the Tri Hita Karana culture. The population in this study was LPDs in Sukawati District, totaling 33 LPDs with respondents for each LPD consisting of Leaders/Chairmen, Treasurers, Financial Administration Staff and Internal Supervisory Bodies. The sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique where research data was collected through the results of distributing questionnaires and analyzed using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis technique. The research results state that Good Corporate Governance has a positive effect on Fraud Prevention. Morality has a positive effect on Fraud Prevention. Tri Hita Karana Culture is a moderating variable that strengthens the influence of the Good Corporate Governance variable on Fraud Prevention. Tri Hita Karana Culture is a moderating variable that strengthens the influence of the Morality variable on Fraud Prevention. The results of this research can provide practical contributions to interested parties, namely LPD managers and village behavior as LPD owners. LPD can increase awareness and understanding of the importance of good corporate governance and morality in preventing fraud. Training related to Tri Hita Karana cultural values can also be provided to employees to strengthen commitment to ethical and responsible practices.
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Babić, Jovan. "War Ethics and War Morality: An Introduction." Conatus 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 11–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.36208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
War ethics might sound as impossible combination of words – how justify what seems to be unjustifiable? War is prima facie unjustifiable. However, wars are a fact of human reality, and those among us who are unfortunate to live in times of war – in a way it is all of us – would know that the reality is not just a possibility, that prima facie designation does not help in answering what must be done, that unjustifiability does not imply impossibility. We must understand to be able to explain, and to explain to have a valid evaluation, especially when what is happening is important and with far-reaching consequences. Wars are such phenomena. We live amid such phenomena, and we need to understand not only their tragic and often cataclysmic nature, but also their meaning, their structure and logic of their functioning. We should understand that war is not something that happens only to others, nor that it is the matter of the past. In the present volume we have thirty-three essays examining war from many angles, sometimes from the opposite standpoints, exploring some of the most intriguing issues of warfare in times characterized by radical changes in the world in turmoil. The contributions in present volume give an overview of the world’s thinking about war. The volume is certainly incomplete and unfinished, but it gives a lot of thought-provoking incentives to think about the most important aspects of warfare and its broad phenomenology.
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ánchez Limiñana, Pedro S. "La ética del discurso y las nuevas filosofías del sujeto." Revista de Filosofía Laguna 50 (2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.laguna.2022.50.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews the debate between Jürgen Habermas and Ernst Tugendhat around the problem of the foundation of morality. In addition to the main criticisms developed by Tugendhat to the ethics of discourse and Habermas’s reply, some of the contributions to this subject by Javier Muguerza are reviewed who, together with Tugendhat, has contributed to developing what I call the new philosophies of the subject
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Peach, Lucinda J. "An Alternative to Pacifism? Feminism and Just-War Theory." Hypatia 9, no. 2 (1994): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1994.tb00438.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Only rarely have feminist theorists addressed the adequacy of just-war theory, a set of/principles developed over hundreds of years to assess the justice of going to war and the morality of conduct in war. Recently, a few feminist scholars have found just-war theory inadequate, yet their own counterproposals are also deficient. I assess feminist contributions to just-war theorizingand suggest ways of strengthening, rather than abandoning, this moral approach to war.
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Ng, Ernest C. H. "Embodying Morality in Management Theory and Practice: A Buddhist Perspective." Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51327/tmxq5830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the interactions among ethics, spirituality, and business management from a Buddhist perspective. In recent decades, scholars have made substantial contributions to reintroduce spirituality into business ethics and Buddhist values to business management. This paper argues that some core Buddhist concepts and practices could uniquely contribute to identifying moral agency and responsibility, and addressing the practical challenges related to business ethics in a market economy. This article attempts to dissect the Buddhist worldview, as proclaimed through the three marks of phenomenal existence: 1) impermanence, 2) suffering, and 3) non-self, and evaluate its relevance to the theories and practices of business ethics. The significance of this worldview in contemporary society is further explored through the lens of epistemology, ontology, soteriology, and a six "I"s strategy. Two case studies are presented to illustrate possible frameworks of moral decision-making inspired by Buddhist ethics.
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Livingston, Alexander. "In Extremis: The Wildness of William James." Contemporary Pragmatism 19, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-bja10029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract William James advocates strenuousness as the key to the moral life yet his hunger for extreme experiences sometimes leads him to risk sacrificing morality in their pursuit. This paradox is best represented by James’s fascination with soldiers and warfare as exemplars of the strenuous life. This essay examines the tension between strenuousness and morality in James’s ethical thought through the lens of his celebration of wildness. Wildness, I argue, names the hungry craving for meaning, lust for intense, novel, and risky experiences, and contempt for the banality of American modernity. In response to Sarin Marchetti and Trygve Throntveit’s recent interpretations of James’s moral thought, I argue that a fuller account of a radical empiricist approach to ethics – its originality, its contributions, its shortcomings – demands a deeper engagement with James’s craving for wildness and its implications for grasping the aesthetic-affective registers of his social criticism and political thought.
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Forster, Michael N. "Practical Philosophy West and East." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 49, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-12340077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article offers a broad-ranging comparison of practical philosophy in the West and in China with a view to enabling not only better mutual understanding between the two sides but also better self-understanding on each side. Contrary to widespread Western conceptions that Chinese practical philosophy may have contributed some important principles in first-order morality but has contributed little in the area of meta-ethics as compared to the West, it is argued here that Chinese practical philosophy did indeed make important contributions in first-order morality, but that in addition it is generally superior to Western practical philosophy in the area of meta-ethics. There are, however, certain exceptions to this rule on both sides. In the end, therefore, a comparison of the two traditions can contribute not only to a better mutual understanding, but also to a better self-understanding and improvement on each side.
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Bertolini, Simona. "Roman Ingarden: Phenomenology, Responsibility and the Ontological Foundations of Morality." Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2019): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/maes.2019.1.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Even if Roman Ingarden did not develop an ethics stricto sensu, and although his philosophy cannot be immediately associated with a “practical turn” in phenomenology, his investigation of the essence of the real world brought him to consider the nature of man and the ontological conditions of possibility of his morally oriented actions. Without expressing normative prescriptions, and maintaining his observations in the field of eidetic description, the author felt the need to provide a foundation for ethics, inasmuch as he strived to both highlight ethical phenomenon evidence in material ontology contexts, as well as demonstrate the structural presuppositions of this phenomenon within the context of formal ontology. It is exactly this priority of ontological investigation that represents one of the most original contributions of the Polish philosopher on practical topics. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the way in which such a particular phenomenologicalontological metaethics takes shape through the theses expressed in Ingarden’s articles on human nature and responsibility.
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Hj Ariffin, Adlina. "Islamic Education: A Contrastive Analysis of Ibn SÊnÉ’s and Al- GhazÉlÊ’s views." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 8 (February 2, 2012): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v8i0.257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ibn SÊnÉ and al-GhazÉlÊ were two great philosophers in the Muslim history. They shared in their ideas, among others, on man, society, and education. Their views on these subjects are to some extent different from each other. This paper is devoted to carry out a contrastive analysis of the ideas concerning Islamic education conceptualized by these two scholars, besides referring to their biography, their views on man, morality, society, and man’s sources of knowledge; and highlighting their contributions towards Islamic Education.
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TAKALA, TUIJA. "Get to the Point!" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180114000450.
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Abstract:This article argues that practicality is currently overemphasized in philosophical contributions to bioethics. The inclinations to aim at relevance, to ground normativity on common morality, and to involve many academic disciplines in ethical discussions is understandable, but they are all poorly founded. When answers to difficult questions are already known at the outset, these endeavors can help decisionmakers in gaining the acceptance of the general public. Wider theoretical analyses, in which philosophers could excel, however, tend to be lost in these practical enterprises.
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Eden, Sally. "Public participation in environmental policy: considering scientific, counter-scientific and non-scientific contributions." Public Understanding of Science 5, no. 3 (July 1996): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/5/3/001.
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Environmental policy depends for its success on public participation. However, the scientific construction of environmental issues often means that such participation in policy-making is difficult when the public is not considered scientifically `expert'. Even if the notion of `expertise' is broadened to deal with this problem, this does not ensure truly `public'—i.e. lay—involvement, because lay ideas are still not included but are discounted as `non-scientific'. Further, emphasis on the scientific and environmental education of the general public will not guarantee policy implementation by individuals. Therefore, if we wish to design environmental policy that can be successfully implemented, we must consider other ways in which people relate to their environments as well as through scientific mediation—ways in which people `understand' their environments through culture, morality and social interaction—and build these into environmental policy.
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Assunção, Juliana Cristhina Murari, Paulo Fraga Da Silva, Marco Aurelio Da Assunção, and Jacqueline Hartmann Armindo. "Immanuel Kant: elucidations on education and moral development." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): e3302. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n2-138.
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This text seeks to present the contributions of the philosopher Immanuel Kant with regard to pedagogical practice and its relationship with the development of morality. These themes are found in his works: Foundations of the Metaphysics of Customs (1785), Critique of Practical Reason (1788) and On Pedagogy (1803). Based on these, the aim is to present some of the philosopher's points about the importance of instruction for the moral formation of the individual, based on the understanding that negative discipline and positive instruction are essential elements in this construction. For Kant, education must begin in childhood and be geared towards moral evolution, since it is not innate and must be cultivated. This morality, according to Kant, needs to be based exclusively on reason, since all humans are equally rational and all are subject to the same moral law. As a result, the action must be performed out of respect for the moral law, even if it is contrary to personal inclinations or brings harm to the agent himself. In order to be sure that your action is in accordance with the moral law, you need to reflect on the possibility of its universalization, in other words, whether it can be carried out by all human beings without harming anyone. In this sense, only morality based entirely on reason can preserve the dignity of human beings and promote their progress.
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Rab, Irén. ""The nursery of science and morality" Contributions to the history of mentalities of the Göttingen students." Kaleidoscope history 4, no. 7 (2013): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2013.7.51-73.
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Kian, Lia. "Political and Religious Contributions in Economic Development." Integrated Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v2i1.63.
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The great conclusion of this paper is to prove the synergy between religion and politics in the economic development of a State. The more polarized the system of ethical-religious and political beliefs, the more help the economic development of a State. Based on the discourse on the religion and politics of the author in the direction of Beng-Lan Goh (2006), Wilson Erin K (2014), and Melleuish Gregory (2014) explaining the ideology of the state as an alternative logic forming religious symbolism from capitalist exploitation or commoditization, the best civilian politics in serving the people's welfare by rejecting the dichotomy of morality and interest systems, as well as religious and political understanding limits the capacity of religious clerics and actors in their significant influence on religious actions and rituals to the political sphere that greatly affects economic growth. The authors oppose the opinions of Bin Hassan (2007), San Juan (2011), Martinelli (2013) and Faux Jeff (2004) explaining that Effects of Islamic revival around the world in the competition of political power that directly and indirectly contribute to the development of Islam in politics, the United States and transnational geopolitical interests as a consequence of the contradiction between emerging and conservative nationalist impulses, the United States Congress that has successfully influenced key decisions on regulatory policy, has so far weakened existing systems and American economic politics flourish across borders, the same that happens in today's globalized economy. The data used in this paper comes from secondary data obtained from books, magazines, the Internet and other documentation relating to the study of the problems and this paper. This writing is descriptive qualitative with the approach of the research library.
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Bazerman, Max H., and David M. Messick. "On the Power of a Clear Definition of Rationality." Business Ethics Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 1998): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857432.
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Abstract:In this paper, we argue that the use of the term “rationality” in Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (JMDM) is extremely useful, and creates a useful dialogue between philosophical and psychological perspectives of ethics and morality. We conclude that while behavioral decision research can gain important insights by more fully including philosophical discussions of rationality, both intellectual communities should be clear in their definitions, provide falsifiable predictions, and offer insights that can be tested empirically. We believe that these are important contributions of behavioral decision research not currently incorporated in philosophical critiques.
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Balogun, Babalola J., and Aderonke A. Ajiboro. "Obscuring Our Sense of Morality: Barry Hallen’s Yoruba Moral Epistemology and the Problem of Character Indeterminacy." Thinker 99, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/hywjwh76.
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Barry Hallen’s critical engagements with the African (Yoruba) philosophical scholarship have earned him a place among Africanintellectual giants of the 20th century. Among his diverse contributions to African philosophical discourse is his Yoruba moral epistemology thesis. Built on his canonical distinction between knowledge (ìmọ) and belief (ìgbàgbọ) within the Yoruba linguistic framework, the Yoruba moral epistemology thesis suggests that knowledge of human character could be modelled alongsidea similar pathway with knowledge of other propositional items where knowledge claims are made based on evidence obtained via first-hand information. Using Yoruba ethnological/linguistic resources as a methodological standpoint, our critique of Hallen’s Yoruba moral epistemology is primarily motivated by three fundamental observations: a. that the acclaimed distinction between ìmọ and ìgbàgbọ on which the thesis is based, is faulty; b. that the thesis does not agree to a certain conception of personhood within theYoruba metaphysical worldview; and c. that the behaviourist implications engendered by Hallen’s Yoruba moral epistemology do not adequately represent the deeply spiritual essence of human conducts in Yoruba ethical system. We conclude that, although it is flawed, Hallen’s Yoruba moral epistemology thesis is an important contribution to African philosophy as it stimulates fruitful discussions around the subject matters of epistemology and ethics, and the connection between them within a traditional intellectualdiscourse of the Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria.
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Prus, Robert. "Morality, Deviance, and Regulation: Pragmatist Motifs in Plato's "Republic" and "Laws"." Qualitative Sociology Review 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2011): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.07.2.01.
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Envisioning morality, deviance, and regulation as enduring features of human group life, and using symbolic interaction (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969; Prus 1996; Prus and Grills 2003) as a conceptual device for traversing the corridors of time, this paper asks what we may learn about deviance and morality as humanly engaged realms of community life by examining Plato's (420-348 BCE) Republic and Laws.
Focusing on the articulation of two model communities, with Republic primarily under the guidance of a set of philosopher-kings and Laws more comprehensively under the rule of a constitution, Plato considers a wide array of matters pertinent to the study of morality, deviance, and regulation.
Thus, whereas many social scientists have dismissed Plato's texts as the works of a “utopian idealist” and/or an “ancient philosopher,” Republic and Laws have much to offer to those who approach the study of human knowing and acting in more distinctively pragmatist sociological terms.
Indeed, because these two volumes address so many basic features of community life (including morality, religion, politics, poetics, and education) in extended detail, they represent particularly valuable transhistorical and transcultural comparison points for contemporary analysis.
Although the products of a somewhat unique period in Western civilization (i.e., the classical Greek era, circa 700-300 BCE), Plato's Republic and Laws are very much studies of social order. Plato's speakers, in each case, clearly have notions of the moral order that they wish to promote, but, to their sociological credit, they also embark on more distinctively analytic considerations of the broader processes and problematics of humanly engaged life worlds.
Still, given the practical restraints of a single paper and the extended relevance of Plato's texts for the topics at hand, readers are cautioned that the present statement focuses primarily on those materials from Republic that most directly address deviance and regulation and mainly the first six books of Laws.
Employing Prus and Grills (2003) depictions of deviance as a series of generic social processes as a contemporary reference point, the paper concludes with a consideration of the relevance and contributions of Plato's Republic and Laws for the study of morality, deviance, and regulation as fundamental features of human group life.
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Afridi, Anfal, Javeria Noor Sawal, and Bibi Sara. "The Status of Women and Marginalized Social Classes: Pakistanâs Pashtoon Society in Perspective." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. I (March 30, 2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).04.
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The prehistoric code of conduct, morality, conscience, and reprisal, known as 'Pukhtunwali,' struggled to regain its prominence during colonial rule. However, women and lower social classes were continually denied their fundamental rights. In the patriarchal Pashtun society, women's role remained limited, despite the notable contributions of several women in literature, work fields, and administrative functions. Unfortunately, women were often disregarded, and lower social classes had no rights, even though they constituted the basic unit of society and contributed their labour to society's progress. This paper aims to examine the status of women and the marginalized social classes in Pakistani society. The article explores how these groups were denied their rights and how the lack of recognition of their contributions negatively impacted society. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to address these inequalities to create a more equitable society that respects all its members.
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Xu, Feng, Cam Caldwell, and Verl Anderson. "Moral Implications of Leadership - Transformative Insights." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 3 (April 16, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i3.940.
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<p>In this paper we examine the correlations between Lawrence Kohlberg’s six stages of morality and Transformative Leadership, a new morally-based approach to leadership. Using survey of students, faculty members, and staffs at a South Florida private university we present evidence that there is a clear relationship between an individual’s self-described leadership perspectives and the stages of Kohlberg’s moral development model. Our paper provides five significant contributions to the literature about leadership and its moral role and enables scholars and practitioners to understand more completely the relationships between leadership and moral behavior.</p>
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Morrison, Claudio, and Devi Sacchetto. "Research Ethics in an Unethical World: The Politics and Morality of Engaged Research." Work, Employment and Society 32, no. 6 (October 25, 2017): 1118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017017726947.
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This article explores ethical dilemmas in researching the world of work. Recent contributions to Work, employment and society have highlighted challenges for engaged research. Based on the emancipatory epistemologies of Bourdieu, Gramsci and Burawoy, the authors examine moral challenges in workplace fieldwork, question the assumptions of mainstream ethics discourses and seek to identify an alternative approach. Instead of an ethics premised on a priori, universal precepts that treasure academic neutrality, this article recognises a morality that responds to the social context of research with participation and commitment. The reflection in this study is based on fieldwork conducted in the former Soviet Union. Transformation societies present challenges to participatory ethnography but simultaneously provide considerable opportunities for developing an ethics of truth. An approach that can guide engaged researchers through social conflict’s ‘messy’ reality should hinge on loyalty to the emancipation struggles of those engaged in it.
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Yin, Fei. "Enlightenment of Jiang Hengyuan’s Views on Youth in the We-Media Era." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 5, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v5i10.2643.
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In the era of science and information technology, various We-Media have come into being. We-Media is becoming an important part of people’s life. It directly affects people’s lifestyles and mindsets, which is particularly obvious in the process of education and teaching reform in colleges. There is no doubt that college students are the impelling force behind We-Media and have made great contributions to promoting the development of We-Media in China. However, consolidated with relevant practical investigations, it has been found that in the mixed We-Media environment, improper behaviors have surfaced among students, such as internet addiction, cyberbullying, and money worship, due to various inducements, thus affecting their physical and mental health. Jiang Hengyuan, a founder of vocational education development in modern China, proposed that it is not only necessary to pay attention to the training of production professions in terms of knowledge and skills, but also to the cultivation of civic morality, service morality, and national spirit while advocating the talent training mode of “double cultivation of spirit and flesh,” which points out the direction for today’s youth education management.
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Segovia-Cuéllar, Andrés. "Revisiting the Social Origins of Human Morality: A Constructivist Perspective on the Nature of Moral Sense-Making." Topoi 41, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-021-09765-y.
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AbstractA recent turn in the cognitive sciences has deepened the attention on embodied and situated dynamics for explaining different cognitive processes such as perception, emotion, and social cognition. This has fostered an extensive interest in the social and ‘intersubjective’ nature of moral behavior, especially from the perspective of enactivism. In this paper, I argue that embodied and situated perspectives, enactivism in particular, nonetheless require further improvements with regards to their analysis of the social nature of human morality. In brief, enactivist proposals still do not define what features of the social-relational context, or which kind of processes within social interactions, make an evaluation or action morally relevant or distinctive from other types of social normativity. As an alternative to this proclivity, and seeking to complement the enactive perspective, I present a definition of the process of moral sense-making and offer an empirically-based ethical distinction between different domains of social knowledge in moral development. For doing so, I take insights from the constructivist tradition in moral psychology. My objective is not to radically oppose embodied and enactive alternatives but to expand the horizon of their conceptual and empirical contributions to morality research.
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Rahmayanti, Putu Laksmita Dewi, I. Ketut Rahyuda, Ni Wayan Ekawati, and Putu Yudi Setiawan. "Intention to Donate on Online Charitable Crowdfunding: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda." Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura 26, no. 3 (March 22, 2024): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v26i3.4221.
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The effectiveness of online charitable crowdfunding is contingent upon the contributions made by donors. Given the significance and relevance of this topic, the primary objective of this research is to identify, examine, and provide a framework for understanding the intentions of donors who contribute to online charitable crowdfunding platforms. The literature search was conducted by PRISMA guidelines. Keyword searches were conducted in the Scopus and Science Direct databases until July 2023. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the retrieved research yielded 34 papers. The study’s findings indicate that UTAUT and SOR exhibit the most prevalent occurrences. The technical and behavioral aspects are of utmost significance. Intrinsic motivation is driven by various factors such as empathy, trust, compassion, attitude, morality, and self-worth. The extrinsic factors include social influence, literacy, and perceived behavioral control. Given the results mentioned earlier, it is appropriate to draw a conclusion and propose avenues for future investigation. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of online charitable crowdfunding by identifying and analyzing the factors influencing donor intentions. The study highlights the significance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, expanding the theoretical framework to encompass diverse factors such as empathy, trust, morality, and social influence.
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Zaroug, Abdullahi Hassan. "Ethics from an Islamic Perspective." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 3 (October 1, 1999): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i3.2102.
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The purpose of this article is to show the complexity of the field ofethics and to point to the need for a comprehensive study in the disciplineof Islamic ethics. It makes a preliminary attempt at tackling foundationalissues on the subject, such as the possibility of morality; itsimportance. autonomy, nature, and scope; and the possibility of historicalstudies. It also reviews some contemporary works on Islamicethics, especially the methods they used to study Islamic ethics, in orderto show their points of strength and vulnembility. Finally, it gives abrief account of the contributions of the different Muslim schools ofthought to ethics and recommends cerrain topics for further study.
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Smith, Tara. "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT IN OBJECTIVE MORALITY: DISTINGUISHING OBJECTIVE FROM INTRINSIC VALUE." Social Philosophy and Policy 25, no. 1 (December 20, 2007): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052508080059.
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This essay contends that the debate between subjectivism and objectivism in ethics is better understood as a dispute among three alternatives: subjectivism, objectivism, and intrinsicism. Ayn Rand has identified intrinsicism – the belief that certain things are good “in, by, and of” themselves – as the doctrine that is actually operative in many defenses of moral objectivity. What intrinsicism fails to appreciate, however, is the significant role of the subject, the person to whom and for whom anything can be valuable.Objective value, in Rand's view, is relational. Its existence depends on contributions of both external reality and human consciousness. Values are not reducible to psychological states, as in subjectivism, but nor are they independent of them, as in intrinsicism. Objectivity in ethics is attained neither through revelation of the intrinsic property of goodness nor through the subject's creation of goodness, but through a rational procedure of evaluation that is governed by the method of objectivity.This essay is in three parts, explaining Rand's view of exactly what intrinsicism is; elaborating on her view of the nature of moral objectivity; and highlighting certain features that make plain the differences between an intrinsicist and an objectivist account of value.
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Goodwin, Jamie Lynn, Andrew Lloyd Williams, and Patricia Snell Herzog. "Cross-Cultural Values: A Meta-Analysis of Major Quantitative Studies in the Last Decade (2010–2020)." Religions 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080396.
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Since 2010, scholars have made major contributions to cross-cultural research, especially regarding similarities and differences across world regions and countries in people’s values, beliefs, and morality. This paper accumulates and analyzes extant multi-national and quantitative studies of these facets of global culture. The paper begins with a summary of the modern history of cross-cultural research, then systematically reviews major empirical studies published since 2010, and next analyzes extant approaches to interpret how the constructs of belief, morality, and values have been theorized and operationalized. The analysis reveals that the field of cross-cultural studies remains dominated by Western approaches, especially studies developed and deployed from the United States and Western Europe. While numerous surveys have been translated and employed for data collection in countries beyond the U.S. and Western Europe, several countries remain under-studied, and the field lacks approaches that were developed within the countries of interest. The paper concludes by outlining future directions for the study of cross-cultural research. To progress from the colonialist past embedded within cross-cultural research, in which scholars from the U.S. and Western Europe export research tools to other world regions, the field needs to expand to include studies locally developed and deployed within more countries and world regions.
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M, Kayalvizhy. "Biological virtue embodied in Mayuram Munsif Vedanayakar's book of justice." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2223.
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Morality is one of the fundamentals of human life. It is this morality that separates man and animals. When an individual is ethical, the society and country that are dependent to him become moral. But human beings do not follow the moral code at all times and in all circumstances. Murder, robbery, rape, alcohol, prostitution, lying, and fraud have been indelibly imprinted on mankind since time immemorial. Our forefathers have long sought to make man aware of their evils and to bring him to the right path. In that sense Munseep Mayuram Vedanayakam Pillai (1826-1889 AD) wrote a book of justice, that was a magnificent book that taught the Tamils the morals of human life. He is the celebrated son of Goddess Tamil. He was the great person who introduced new literary techniques in the world of Tamil literature after the arrival of the British. Until today, it seems that whole-hearted recognition has not been bestowed for the contributions he has made Goddess Tamil. The reason for this is still not understood till today. The book of justice written by that great person with social concern is a wonderful book that teaches the Tamils, social morals, virtues and well-being. This article explores the virtues of human life that it embodies.
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Goswami, Saheli, Jung Ha-Brookshire, and Wes Bonifay. "Measuring Perceived Corporate Hypocrisy: Scale Development in the Context of U.S. Retail Employees." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 4756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124756.
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Despite an increasing amount of research on perceived corporate hypocrisy (PCH), limited research has investigated PCH among employees. Particularly, the literature lacked a valid instrument for estimating employees’ PCH, even though employees experience severe consequences for PCH. To address this gap, a scale was developed to measure employees’ PCH, using a three-stage Item Response Theory modeling approach. After a series of qualitative studies and six quantitative scale-development iterations, PCH was found to be a unidimensional construct represented by the perceived lack of morality, perceived control breach, double standards, and a value‒behavior gap. Further, the nine-item PCH scale was confirmed to be reliable, valid, and unbiased for different demographic groups. The scale makes theoretical contributions by being one of the few attempts to objectively measure employees’ hypocrisy judgements and incorporating corporations’ double standard and perceived commitment to morality as defining features of employees’ PCH. Assessment of employees’ PCH can help in expanding the hypocrisy literature beyond consumers’ perceptions. Finally, the scale enables corporations to measure employees’ PCH and get an in-depth understanding of the issues of concern as work and organizational phenomena. By implementing proper management strategies, corporations can potentially avoid PCH, create more favorable perceptions among employees, and improve their reputations.
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Rocha, Sergio André. "Countries Aggressive Tax Treaty Planning: Brazils Case." Intertax 44, Issue 4 (April 1, 2016): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2016026.
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In the international taxation sphere, countries are channelling efforts and resources in the fight against ‘aggressive tax planning’ by enterprises and individuals. However, it is not unusual that countries will also use aggressive tax schemes to increase tax revenues, through measures that exceed internationally accepted standards. Brazil might be considered such a violator, at least from a moral standpoint. The Country has been creating tax-like contributions to tax transactions with non-residents beyond the thresholds established in tax treaties. The objective of this article is to analyse whether discussions regarding morality in taxation can also be applied to State behaviours, demonstrating that shortcomings in ethics are not just the privilege of taxpayers.
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Dedi Sugari. "Pemikiran K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari Dalam Pendidikan Islam Indonesia." Populer: Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa 3, no. 3 (July 5, 2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/populer.v3i3.2332.
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This study examines the thoughts and contributions of KH Hasyim Asy'ari in the context of Islamic education in Indonesia. Known as the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), KH Hasyim Asy'ari is recognized not only as a scholar and leader of the Islamic mass movement but also as an influential thinker in the field of education. This article highlights his biography, the influence of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) on his thinking, and his contributions to theology, Sufism, jurisprudence (fiqh), and political thought. Hasyim Asy'ari's educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of morality, ethics, and the integration of Islamic values into the curriculum. Embracing a classical approach, he advocated for curricula based on the Qur'an and Hadiths, as well as traditional teaching methods in pesantren. The study also underscores his views on the responsibilities of students and the ideal characteristics of teachers, along with a holistic approach to educational evaluation. In conclusion, the article emphasizes Hasyim Asy'ari's comprehensive approach to enhancing human quality through education grounded in moral and religious principles.
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Butler, Diana Hochstedt. "The Church and American Destiny: Evangelical Episcopalians and Voluntary Societies in Antebellum America." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 4, no. 2 (1994): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1994.4.2.03a00030.
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The study of evangelical moral reform has become one of the most fruitful areas of research in American religious history. By looking at reform, particularly voluntary societies, social and political historians have acknowledged the cultural importance of religion. Thus, nineteenth-century evangelicals have been recognized for their positive, negative, or ambiguous contributions to American society. Often with great success, historians have expounded and promoted interpretations of social control, capitalist expansionism, and neo-Marxism regarding evangelical social action. Yet, in spite of differing nuances, many of these interpretations follow much the same story line: antebellum evangelicals attempted, however nobly or misguidedly, to impose their standards of piety and morality on the American public. They feared the chaos released by the American and French revolutions.
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Sørensen, Georg. "The Realist Case for Global Reform. By William E. Scheuerman. Malden, MA: Polity, 2011. 219p. $26.95." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 3 (September 2013): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271300203x.
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This is a book about the contributions of mid-twentieth-century classical realists, first and foremost E. H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. The argument is that the “realism” defended by these scholars is sadly misrepresented in mainstream textbooks. Textbook renditions of realism emphasize the pursuit of national interest and the importance of Realpolitik, deny morality any meaningful role in international politics, and confirm the primacy of the sovereign nation-state and the fragility of international institutions. Realists look to the balance of power as the major instrument in preserving peace, and they reject the idea that anarchy can be transformed as a result of globalization and interstate cooperation, even in advanced cases of the latter, such as the European Union.
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Sun, Pinghua. "Chinese Discourse on Human Rights in Global Governance." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 1, no. 2 (February 12, 2016): 192–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340011.
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China’s discourse on human rights has a very rich and colorful content and the construction thereof has its own particular characteristics. Approaches to examine it should be adopted to understand thoroughly both the past and the present and both Chinese and Western methods of integration of theory into practice. Many important human rights factors are embodied in traditional Chinese culture and Confucianism became an important basis of the international consensus on morality. The Chinese representative, Peng-chun Chang made historical contributions to the construction of the international human rights protection system. These represent the core texts in constructing China’s human rights discourse, which will play an important role in China’s struggle for authority in the international discourse on human rights and dominance in global governance.